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Strike LT, Kerestes R, McMahon KL, de Zubicaray GI, Harding IH, Medland SE. Heritability of cerebellar subregion volumes in adolescent and young adult twins. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26717. [PMID: 38798116 PMCID: PMC11128777 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Twin studies have found gross cerebellar volume to be highly heritable. However, whether fine-grained regional volumes within the cerebellum are similarly heritable is still being determined. Anatomical MRI scans from two independent datasets (QTIM: Queensland Twin IMaging, N = 798, mean age 22.1 years; QTAB: Queensland Twin Adolescent Brain, N = 396, mean age 11.3 years) were combined with an optimised and automated cerebellum parcellation algorithm to segment and measure 28 cerebellar regions. We show that the heritability of regional volumetric measures varies widely across the cerebellum (h 2 $$ {h}^2 $$ 47%-91%). Additionally, the good to excellent test-retest reliability for a subsample of QTIM participants suggests that non-genetic variance in cerebellar volumes is due primarily to unique environmental influences rather than measurement error. We also show a consistent pattern of strong associations between the volumes of homologous left and right hemisphere regions. Associations were predominantly driven by genetic effects shared between lobules, with only sparse contributions from environmental effects. These findings are consistent with similar studies of the cerebrum and provide a first approximation of the upper bound of heritability detectable by genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan T. Strike
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rebecca Kerestes
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical TechnologiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ian H. Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Cerebellum and Neurodegeneration, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyKelvin GroveQueenslandAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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Yao X, Klugah-Brown B, Yang H, Biswal B. Structural and functional network analysis of twins using fMRI data. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11060-11069. [PMID: 37771046 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Similarities between twins have been widely demonstrated, underscoring the remarkable influence of genetics across numerous traits. In this study, we explore the genetic underpinnings of the human brain by examining MRI data from the Queensland Twin Imaging study. Specifically, this study seeks to compare brain structure and function between twins and unrelated subjects, with an emphasis on describing the effects of genetic factors. To achieve these goals, we employed the source-based morphometry method to extract intrinsic components and elucidate recognizable patterns. Our results show that twins exhibit a higher degree of similarity in gray and white matter density compared with unrelated individuals. In addition, four distinct states of brain activity were identified using coactivation patterns analysis. Furthermore, twins demonstrated a greater degree of similarity in the temporal and spatial features of each state compared with unrelated subjects. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that twins show greater similarity in both brain structure and dynamic functional brain activity. Further exploration of these methods may advance our understanding of the complex interplay between genes, environment, and brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Hang Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhong Y, Chen W, Chang S, Cao Q, Wang Y, Yang L. Ocular and neural genes jointly regulate the visuospatial working memory in ADHD children. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2023; 19:14. [PMID: 37658396 PMCID: PMC10472596 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-023-00216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Working memory (WM) deficits have frequently been linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite previous studies suggested its high heritability, its genetic basis, especially in ADHD, remains unclear. The current study aimed to comprehensively explore the genetic basis of visual-spatial working memory (VSWM) in ADHD using wide-ranging genetic analyses. METHODS The current study recruited a cohort consisted of 802 ADHD individuals, all met DSM-IV ADHD diagnostic criteria. VSWM was assessed by Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (RCFT), which is a widely used psychological test include four memory indexes: detail delayed (DD), structure delayed (SD), structure immediate (SI), detail immediate (DI). Genetic analyses were conducted at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gene, pathway, polygenic and protein network levels. Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) were based on summary statistics of various psychiatric disorders, including ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), and substance use disorder (SUD). RESULTS Analyses at the single-marker level did not yield significant results (5E-08). However, the potential signals with P values less than E-05 and their mapped genes suggested the regulation of VSWM involved both ocular and neural system related genes, moreover, ADHD-related genes were also involved. The gene-based analysis found RAB11FIP1, whose encoded protein modulates several neurodevelopment processes and visual system, as significantly associated with DD scores (P = 1.96E-06, Padj = 0.036). Candidate pathway enrichment analyses (N = 53) found that forebrain neuron fate commitment significantly enriched in DD (P = 4.78E-04, Padj = 0.025), and dopamine transport enriched in SD (P = 5.90E-04, Padj = 0.031). We also observed a significant negative relationship between DD scores and ADHD PRS scores (P = 0.0025, Empirical P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasized the joint contribution of ocular and neural genes in regulating VSWM. The study reveals a shared genetic basis between ADHD and VSWM, with GWAS indicating the involvement of ADHD-related genes in VSWM. Additionally, the PRS analysis identifies a significant relationship between ADHD-PRS and DD scores. Overall, our findings shed light on the genetic basis of VSWM deficits in ADHD, and may have important implications for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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4
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Charras A, Haldenby S, Smith EMD, Egbivwie N, Olohan L, Kenny JG, Schwarz K, Roberts C, Al-Abadi E, Armon K, Bailey K, Ciurtin C, Gardner-Medwin J, Haslam K, Hawley DP, Leahy A, Leone V, McErlane F, Modgil G, Pilkington C, Ramanan AV, Rangaraj S, Riley P, Sridhar A, Beresford MW, Hedrich CM. Panel sequencing links rare, likely damaging gene variants with distinct clinical phenotypes and outcomes in juvenile-onset SLE. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:SI210-SI225. [PMID: 35532072 PMCID: PMC9949710 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) affects 15-20% of lupus patients. Clinical heterogeneity between racial groups, age groups and individual patients suggests variable pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify highly penetrant damaging mutations in genes associated with SLE/SLE-like disease in a large national cohort (UK JSLE Cohort Study) and compare demographic, clinical and laboratory features in patient sub-cohorts with 'genetic' SLE vs remaining SLE patients. METHODS Based on a sequencing panel designed in 2018, target enrichment and next-generation sequencing were performed in 348 patients to identify damaging gene variants. Findings were integrated with demographic, clinical and treatment related datasets. RESULTS Damaging gene variants were identified in ∼3.5% of jSLE patients. When compared with the remaining cohort, 'genetic' SLE affected younger children and more Black African/Caribbean patients. 'Genetic' SLE patients exhibited less organ involvement and damage, and neuropsychiatric involvement developed over time. Less aggressive first line treatment was chosen in 'genetic' SLE patients, but more second and third line agents were used. 'Genetic' SLE associated with anti-dsDNA antibody positivity at diagnosis and reduced ANA, anti-LA and anti-Sm antibody positivity at last visit. CONCLUSION Approximately 3.5% of jSLE patients present damaging gene variants associated with younger age at onset, and distinct clinical features. As less commonly observed after treatment induction, in 'genetic' SLE, autoantibody positivity may be the result of tissue damage and explain reduced immune complex-mediated renal and haematological involvement. Routine sequencing could allow for patient stratification, risk assessment and target-directed treatment, thereby increasing efficacy and reducing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Charras
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences
| | - Sam Haldenby
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool
| | - Eve M D Smith
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Naomi Egbivwie
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lisa Olohan
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool
| | - John G Kenny
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institut for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carla Roberts
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences
| | - Eslam Al-Abadi
- Department of Rheumatology, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham
| | - Kate Armon
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge
| | - Kathryn Bailey
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London
| | | | - Kirsty Haslam
- Department of Paediatrics, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford
| | - Daniel P Hawley
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield
| | - Alice Leahy
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton
| | - Valentina Leone
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Leeds Children Hospital, Leeds
| | - Flora McErlane
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Great North Children’s Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Gita Modgil
- Department of Paediatrics, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton
| | | | - Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust & Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol
| | - Satyapal Rangaraj
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham
| | - Phil Riley
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester
| | - Arani Sridhar
- Department of Paediatrics, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool
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Genetic Specificity of Hippocampal Subfield Volumes, Relative to Hippocampal Formation, Identified in 2148 Young Adult Twins and Siblings. Twin Res Hum Genet 2022; 25:129-139. [PMID: 35791873 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2022.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a complex brain structure with key roles in cognitive and emotional processing and with subregion abnormalities associated with a range of disorders and psychopathologies. Here we combine data from two large independent young adult twin/sibling cohorts to obtain the most accurate estimates to date of genetic covariation between hippocampal subfield volumes and the hippocampus as a single volume. The combined sample included 2148 individuals, comprising 1073 individuals from 627 families (mean age = 22.3 years) from the Queensland Twin IMaging (QTIM) Study, and 1075 individuals from 454 families (mean age = 28.8 years) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Hippocampal subfields were segmented using FreeSurfer version 6.0 (CA4 and dentate gyrus were phenotypically and genetically indistinguishable and were summed to a single volume). Multivariate twin modeling was conducted in OpenMx to decompose variance into genetic and environmental sources. Bivariate analyses of hippocampal formation and each subfield volume showed that 10%-72% of subfield genetic variance was independent of the hippocampal formation, with greatest specificity found for the smaller volumes; for example, CA2/3 with 42% of genetic variance being independent of the hippocampus; fissure (63%); fimbria (72%); hippocampus-amygdala transition area (41%); parasubiculum (62%). In terms of genetic influence, whole hippocampal volume is a good proxy for the largest hippocampal subfields, but a poor substitute for the smaller subfields. Additive genetic sources accounted for 49%-77% of total variance for each of the subfields in the combined sample multivariate analysis. In addition, the multivariate analyses were sufficiently powered to identify common environmental influences (replicated in QTIM and HCP for the molecular layer and CA4/dentate gyrus, and accounting for 7%-16% of total variance for 8 of 10 subfields in the combined sample). This provides the clearest indication yet from a twin study that factors such as home environment may influence hippocampal volumes (albeit, with caveats).
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Wang C, Martins-Bach AB, Alfaro-Almagro F, Douaud G, Klein JC, Llera A, Fiscone C, Bowtell R, Elliott LT, Smith SM, Tendler BC, Miller KL. Phenotypic and genetic associations of quantitative magnetic susceptibility in UK Biobank brain imaging. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:818-831. [PMID: 35606419 PMCID: PMC9174052 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A key aim in epidemiological neuroscience is identification of markers to assess brain health and monitor therapeutic interventions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures tissue magnetic susceptibility and has been shown to detect pathological changes in tissue iron, myelin and calcification. We present an open resource of QSM-based imaging measures of multiple brain structures in 35,273 individuals from the UK Biobank prospective epidemiological study. We identify statistically significant associations of 251 phenotypes with magnetic susceptibility that include body iron, disease, diet and alcohol consumption. Genome-wide associations relate magnetic susceptibility to 76 replicating clusters of genetic variants with biological functions involving iron, calcium, myelin and extracellular matrix. These patterns of associations include relationships that are unique to QSM, in particular being complementary to T2* signal decay time measures. These new imaging phenotypes are being integrated into the core UK Biobank measures provided to researchers worldwide, creating the potential to discover new, non-invasive markers of brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Aurea B Martins-Bach
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fidel Alfaro-Almagro
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes C Klein
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alberto Llera
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Fiscone
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Richard Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lloyd T Elliott
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin C Tendler
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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7
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Reliability and stability challenges in ABCD task fMRI data. Neuroimage 2022; 252:119046. [PMID: 35245674 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait stability of measures is an essential requirement for individual differences research. Functional MRI has been increasingly used in studies that rely on the assumption of trait stability, such as attempts to relate task related brain activation to individual differences in behavior and psychopathology. However, recent research using adult samples has questioned the trait stability of task-fMRI measures, as assessed by test-retest correlations. To date, little is known about trait stability of task fMRI in children. Here, we examined within-session reliability and long-term stability of individual differences in task-fMRI measures using fMRI measures of brain activation provided by the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) Study Release v4.0 as an individual's average regional activity, using its tasks focused on reward processing, response inhibition, and working memory. We also evaluated the effects of factors potentially affecting reliability and stability. Reliability and stability (quantified as the ratio of non-scanner related stable variance to all variances) was poor in virtually all brain regions, with an average value of 0.088 and 0.072 for short term (within-session) reliability and long-term (between-session) stability, respectively, in regions of interest (ROIs) historically-recruited by the tasks. Only one reliability or stability value in ROIs exceeded the 'poor' cut-off of 0.4, and in fact rarely exceeded 0.2 (only 4.9%). Motion had a pronounced effect on estimated reliability/stability, with the lowest motion quartile of participants having a mean reliability/stability 2.5 times higher (albeit still 'poor') than the highest motion quartile. Poor reliability and stability of task-fMRI, particularly in children, diminishes potential utility of fMRI data due to a drastic reduction of effect sizes and, consequently, statistical power for the detection of brain-behavior associations. This essential issue urgently needs to be addressed through optimization of task design, scanning parameters, data acquisition protocols, preprocessing pipelines, and data denoising methods.
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He X, Li X, Fu J, Xu J, Liu H, Zhang P, Li W, Yu C, Ye Z, Qin W. The morphometry of left cuneus mediating the genetic regulation on working memory. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3470-3480. [PMID: 33939221 PMCID: PMC8249898 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory is a basic human cognitive function. However, the genetic signatures and their biological pathway remain poorly understood. In the present study, we tried to clarify this issue by exploring the potential associations and pathways among genetic variants, brain morphometry and working memory performance. We first carried out association analyses between 2‐back accuracy and 212 image‐derived phenotypes from 1141 Human Connectome Project (HCP) subjects using a linear mixed model (LMM). We found a significantly positive correlation between the left cuneus volume and 2‐back accuracy (T = 3.615, p = 3.150e−4, Cohen's d = 0.226, corrected using family‐wise error [FWE] method). Based on the LMM‐based genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on the HCP dataset and UK Biobank 33 k GWAS summary statistics, we identified eight independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were reliably associated with left cuneus volume in both UKB and HCP dataset. Within the eight SNPs, we found a negative correlation between the rs76119478 polymorphism and 2‐back accuracy accuracy (T = −2.045, p = .041, Cohen's d = −0.129). Finally, an LMM‐based mediation analysis elucidated a significant effect of left cuneus volume in mediating rs76119478 polymorphism on the 2‐back accuracy (indirect effect = −0.007, 95% BCa CI = [−0.045, −0.003]). These results were also replicated in a subgroup of Caucasians in the HCP population. Further fine mapping demonstrated that rs76119478 maps on intergene CTD‐2315A10.2 adjacent to protein‐encoding gene DAAM1, and is significantly associated with L3HYPDH mRNA expression. Our study suggested this new variant rs76119478 may regulate the working memory through exerting influence on the left cuneus volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi He
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jilian Fu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaigui Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Ye
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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9
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Host genetics influences the relationship between the gut microbiome and psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110153. [PMID: 33130294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is associated with psychiatric disorders; however, the molecular mechanisms mediating this association are poorly understood. The ability of host genetics to modulate the gut microbiome may be an important factor in understanding the association. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of genetic variants associated with the gut microbiome in the susceptibility of individuals to four psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia (SCZ), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 201 host genetic markers associated with microbiome outcomes and reported in available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were included in the analyses. We searched for these variants in the summary statistics of the largest GWAS on these disorders to date, which were published by the Psychiatric Genomic Consortium, and performed gene-based and gene set association analyses. Two variants were significantly associated with ASD (rs9401458 and rs9401452) and one with MDD (rs75036654). For the gene-based association analysis, eight genes were associated with SCZ (ASIC2, KCND3, ITSN1, SIPA1L3, RBMS3, BANK1, CSMD1, and LHFPL3), one with MDD (ACTL8), two with ADHD (C14orf39 and FBXL17), and one with ASD (PINX). The gene set comprising 83 genes was associated with SCZ (p = 0.047). These findings suggest that genes related to microbiome composition may affect the susceptibility of individuals to psychiatric disorders, mainly schizophrenia. Although less robust, the associations with ASD, ADHD, and MDD cannot be discarded.
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Selvaggi P, Pergola G, Gelao B, Di Carlo P, Nettis MA, Amico G, Fazio L, Rampino A, Sambataro F, Blasi G, Bertolino A. Genetic Variation of a DRD2 Co-expression Network is Associated with Changes in Prefrontal Function After D2 Receptors Stimulation. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1162-1173. [PMID: 29415163 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) contribute to the inverted U-shaped relationship between dopamine signaling and prefrontal function. Genetic networks from post-mortem human brain revealed 84 partner genes co-expressed with DRD2. Moreover, eight functional single nucleotide polymorphisms combined into a polygenic co-expression index (PCI) predicted co-expression of this DRD2 network and were associated with prefrontal function in humans. Here, we investigated the non-linear association of the PCI with behavioral and Working Memory (WM) related brain response to pharmacological D2Rs stimulation. Fifty healthy volunteers took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, functional MRI (fMRI) study with bromocriptine and performed the N-Back task. The PCI by drug interaction was significant on both WM behavioral scores (P = 0.046) and related prefrontal activity (all corrected P < 0.05) using a polynomial PCI model. Non-linear responses under placebo were reversed by bromocriptine administration. fMRI results on placebo were replicated in an independent sample of 50 participants who did not receive drug administration (P = 0.034). These results match earlier evidence in non-human primates and confirm the physiological relevance of this DRD2 co-expression network. Results show that in healthy subjects, different alleles evaluated as an ensemble are associated with non-linear prefrontal responses. Therefore, brain response to a dopaminergic drug may depend on a complex system of allelic patterns associated with DRD2 co-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Gelao
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Di Carlo
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Nettis
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Graziella Amico
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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11
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Etzel JA, Courtney Y, Carey CE, Gehred MZ, Agrawal A, Braver TS. Pattern Similarity Analyses of FrontoParietal Task Coding: Individual Variation and Genetic Influences. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3167-3183. [PMID: 32086524 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern similarity analyses are increasingly used to characterize coding properties of brain regions, but relatively few have focused on cognitive control processes in FrontoParietal regions. Here, we use the Human Connectome Project (HCP) N-back task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset to examine individual differences and genetic influences on the coding of working memory load (0-back, 2-back) and perceptual category (Face, Place). Participants were grouped into 105 monozygotic twin, 78 dizygotic twin, 99 nontwin sibling, and 100 unrelated pairs. Activation pattern similarity was used to test the hypothesis that FrontoParietal regions would have higher similarity for same load conditions, while Visual regions would have higher similarity in same perceptual category conditions. Results confirmed this highly robust regional double dissociation in neural coding, which also predicted individual differences in behavioral performance. In pair-based analyses, anatomically selective genetic relatedness effects were observed: relatedness predicted greater activation pattern similarity in FrontoParietal only for load coding and in Visual only for perceptual coding. Further, in related pairs, the similarity of load coding in FrontoParietal regions was uniquely associated with behavioral performance. Together, these results highlight the power of task fMRI pattern similarity analyses for detecting key coding and heritability features of brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joset A Etzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ya'el Courtney
- Department of Biology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44243, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caitlin E Carey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maria Z Gehred
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Todd S Braver
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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12
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Maggioni E, Squarcina L, Dusi N, Diwadkar VA, Brambilla P. Twin MRI studies on genetic and environmental determinants of brain morphology and function in the early lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 109:139-149. [PMID: 31911159 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopment represents a period of increased opportunity and vulnerability, during which a complex confluence of genetic and environmental factors influences brain growth trajectories, cognitive and mental health outcomes. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on twins have increased our knowledge of the extent to which genes, the environment and their interactions shape inter-individual brain variability. The present review draws from highly salient MRI studies in young twin samples to provide a robust assessment of the heritability of structural and functional brain changes during development. The available studies suggest that (as with many other traits), global brain morphology and network organization are highly heritable from early childhood to young adulthood. Conversely, genetic correlations among brain regions exhibit heterogeneous trajectories, and this heterogeneity reflects the progressive, experience-related increase in brain network complexity. Studies also support the key role of environment in mediating brain network differentiation via changes of genetic expression and hormonal levels. Thus, rest- and task-related functional brain circuits seem to result from a contextual and dynamic expression of heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 28, Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Squarcina
- Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy
| | - Nicola Dusi
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 28, Milano, Italy
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, 42 W Warren Ave, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 28, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Memic A, Streit F, Hasandedic L, Witt SH, Strohmaier J, Rietschel M, Oruc L. Neurocognitive Endophenotypes of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Possible Associations with FKBP Variant rs3800373. Med Arch 2018; 72:352-356. [PMID: 30524168 PMCID: PMC6282916 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2018.72.352-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schizophrenia(SCZ) and Bipolar disorder (BD) are frequently occurring and impairing disorders that affect around 1% of the population. Important endophenotypes in the genetic research of SCZ and BD are cognitive functions. Core symptoms for SCZ and BD are impairments in working memory, declarative memory and attention, all of which fulfill the criteria for an endophenotype. The FK506 Binding Protein 5 (FKBP5) gene codes for a co-chaperone of the glucocorticoid receptor and has been reported to be associated with cognition. Aim The aims of our research were to determine the degree of cognitive impairment in patients suffering from SCZ and BD and to explore the association of the FKBP5 variant rs3800373 genotype with the cognitive endophenotypes. Material and Methods Patients and healthy controls were recruited over a period of two years from the Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Genotyping and neuropsychological assessments were performed for 263 subjects (129 SCZ, 53 BD, and 81 healthy controls [HC]). Neuropsychological assessments were performed for all patients with the Trail Making Test-A&B (TMT-A&B) and Digit-span forward&backwards tasks. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3800373 in the FKBP5 gene was genotyped using Infinium PsychArray Bead Chips. Results and Conclusion SCZ and BD patients performed lower than HC in the TMT-A&B and in the Digit-span backwards task, while no differences were observed between SCZ and BD patients. While SCZ patients performed lower than HC in the Digit-span forwards task, there were no differences between BD and HC or between BD and SCZ. Rs 3800373 was not associated with performance in the TMT-A&B or Digit-span forwards&backwards tasks. SCZ and BD share largely overlapping neurocognitive characteristics. Rs3800373 was not associated with performance in the neuropsychological tests. However, given the limited sample size, the results do not exclude an association with the rs3800373 variant in a larger sample. Furthermore, as the analysis was limited to one SNP, the results cannot be generalized to other genetic variants in FKBP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Memic
- Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lejla Hasandedic
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Letters, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lilijana Oruc
- Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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14
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New Repeat Polymorphism in the AKT1 Gene Predicts Striatal Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Availability and Stimulant-Induced Dopamine Release in the Healthy Human Brain. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4982-4991. [PMID: 28416594 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3155-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the protein kinase Akt1 in dopamine neurotransmission is well recognized and has been implicated in schizophrenia and psychosis. However, the extent to which variants in the AKT1 gene influence dopamine neurotransmission is not well understood. Here we investigated the effect of a newly characterized variant number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in AKT1 [major alleles: L- (eight repeats) and H- (nine repeats)] on striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor (DRD2) availability and on dopamine release in healthy volunteers. We used PET and [11C]raclopride to assess baseline DRD2 availability in 91 participants. In 54 of these participants, we also measured intravenous methylphenidate-induced dopamine release to measure dopamine release. Dopamine release was quantified as the difference in specific binding of [11C]raclopride (nondisplaceable binding potential) between baseline values and values following methylphenidate injection. There was an effect of AKT1 genotype on DRD2 availability at baseline for the caudate (F(2,90) = 8.2, p = 0.001) and putamen (F(2,90) = 6.6, p = 0.002), but not the ventral striatum (p = 0.3). For the caudate and putamen, LL showed higher DRD2 availability than HH; HL were in between. There was also a significant effect of AKT1 genotype on dopamine increases in the ventral striatum (F(2,53) = 5.3, p = 0.009), with increases being stronger in HH > HL > LL. However, no dopamine increases were observed in the caudate (p = 0.1) or putamen (p = 0.8) following methylphenidate injection. Our results provide evidence that the AKT1 gene modulates both striatal DRD2 availability and dopamine release in the human brain, which could account for its association with schizophrenia and psychosis. The clinical relevance of the newly characterized AKT1 VNTR merits investigation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The AKT1 gene has been implicated in schizophrenia and psychosis. This association is likely to reflect modulation of dopamine signaling by Akt1 kinase since striatal dopamine hyperstimulation is associated with psychosis and schizophrenia. Here, using PET with [11C]raclopride, we identified in the AKT1 gene a new variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) marker associated with baseline striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability and with methylphenidate-induced striatal dopamine increases in healthy volunteers. Our results confirm the involvement of the AKT1 gene in modulating striatal dopamine signaling in the human brain. Future studies are needed to assess the association of this new VNTR AKT1 variant in schizophrenia and drug-induced psychoses.
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15
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Anokhin AP. The genetics of brain function and psychophysiology: An introduction to the special issue. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 115:1-3. [PMID: 28259534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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