1
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Zhang D, Fang J, Shan J, Xu L, Wu Y, Lu B, Zhang X, Wang C, Sun P, Wang Q. SCARB2 associates with tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 207:15-24. [PMID: 38914918 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in various aspects of breast cancer development and metastasis. Nevertheless, the expression, prognostic significance, and correlation with clinical features of SCARB2 in breast cancer, as well as the infiltrative characteristics of TME, remain largely unknown. METHODS We analyzed the differential presentation of SCARB2 mRNA in breast cancer tissues and nontumorous breast tissues and prognosis by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Additionally, the Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource (TIMER) was taken to evaluate the correlation between SCARB2 mRNA presence and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoints in the TME in breast cancer. We performed multiple immunohistochemical staining to verify the SCARB2 protein expression in breast cancer tissues and its relationship to immune cells and checkpoints and clinicopathological features. RESULTS We identified elevated SCARB2 expression in breast cancer tissues, and high SCARB2 protein presentation was associated with advanced clinical stage and unfavorable prognosis. In addition, enhanced SCARB2 protein presence was closely correlated with up-regulation CD66b+ neutrophils infiltration in tumor tissues (r = 0.210, P < 0.05) and CD68 + CD163+ M2 macrophages in the interstitium (r = 0.233, P < 0.05), as well as the immune checkpoints, including PD-1 (r = 0.314, P < 0.01) protein expression. CONCLUSION SCARB2 holds promise for predicting the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiali Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Clinical Biobank & Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biobank & Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongyu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Department of Clinical Biobank & Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Kenison JE, Stevens NA, Quintana FJ. Therapeutic induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:338-357. [PMID: 38086932 PMCID: PMC11145724 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic approaches for the induction of robust, long-lasting and antigen-specific immune tolerance remains an important unmet clinical need for the management of autoimmunity, allergy, organ transplantation and gene therapy. Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of immune tolerance mechanisms have opened new research avenues and therapeutic opportunities in this area. Here, we review mechanisms of immune tolerance and novel methods for its therapeutic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Kenison
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolas A Stevens
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Matsumoto M, Matsumoto M. Learning the Autoimmune Pathogenesis Through the Study of Aire. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1444:19-32. [PMID: 38467970 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9781-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
One of the difficulties in studying the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is that the disease is multifactorial involving sex, age, MHC, environment, and some genetic factors. Because deficiency of Aire, a transcriptional regulator, is an autoimmune disease caused by a single gene abnormality, Aire is an ideal research target for approaching the enigma of autoimmunity, e.g., the mechanisms underlying Aire deficiency can be studied using genetically modified animals. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of the breakdown of self-tolerance due to Aire's dysfunction have not yet been fully clarified. This is due, at least in part, to the lack of information on the exact target genes controlled by Aire. State-of-the-art research infrastructures such as single-cell analysis are now in place to elucidate the essential function of Aire. The knowledge gained through the study of Aire-mediated tolerance should help our understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minoru Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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4
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Morimoto J, Matsumoto M, Miyazawa R, Yoshida H, Tsuneyama K, Matsumoto M. Aire suppresses CTLA-4 expression from the thymic stroma to control autoimmunity. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110384. [PMID: 35172142 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired production of thymic regulatory T cells (Tregs) is implicated in the development of Aire-dependent autoimmunity. Because Tregs require agonistic T cell receptor stimuli by self-antigens to develop, reduced expression of self-antigens from medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) has been considered to play a major role in the reduced Treg production in Aire deficiency. Here, we show that mTECs abnormally express co-inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 if Aire is non-functional. Upon binding with CD80/CD86 ligands expressed on thymic dendritic cells (DCs), the ectopically expressed CTLA-4 from Aire-deficient mTECs removes the CD80/CD86 ligands from the DCs. This attenuates the ability of DCs to provide co-stimulatory signals and to present self-antigens transferred from mTECs, both of which are required for Treg production. Accordingly, impaired production of Tregs and organ-specific autoimmunity in Aire-deficient mice are rescued by the depletion of CTLA-4 expression from mTECs. Our studies illuminate the significance of mTEC-DC interaction coordinated by Aire for the establishment of thymic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Miyazawa
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- YCI Laboratory for Immunological Transcriptomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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5
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Vobořil M, Březina J, Brabec T, Dobeš J, Ballek O, Dobešová M, Manning J, Blumberg RS, Filipp D. A model of preferential pairing between epithelial and dendritic cells in thymic antigen transfer. eLife 2022; 11:71578. [PMID: 35099391 PMCID: PMC8803313 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), which produce and present self-antigens, are essential for the establishment of central tolerance. Since mTEC numbers are limited, their function is complemented by thymic dendritic cells (DCs), which transfer mTEC-produced self-antigens via cooperative antigen transfer (CAT). While CAT is required for effective T cell selection, many aspects remain enigmatic. Given the recently described heterogeneity of mTECs and DCs, it is unclear whether the antigen acquisition from a particular TEC subset is mediated by preferential pairing with a specific subset of DCs. Using several relevant Cre-based mouse models that control for the expression of fluorescent proteins, we have found that, in regards to CAT, each subset of thymic DCs preferentially targets a distinct mTEC subset(s). Importantly, XCR1+-activated DC subset represented the most potent subset in CAT. Interestingly, thymic DCs can also acquire antigens from more than one mTEC, and of these, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were determined to be the most efficient. moDCs also represented the most potent DC subset in the acquisition of antigen from other DCs. These findings suggest a preferential pairing model for the distribution of mTEC-derived antigens among distinct populations of thymic DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matouš Vobořil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Březina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Brabec
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Ballek
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dobešová
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jasper Manning
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Dominik Filipp
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Ma X, Xiao L, Liu L, Ye L, Su P, Bi E, Wang Q, Yang M, Qian J, Yi Q. CD36-mediated ferroptosis dampens intratumoral CD8 + T cell effector function and impairs their antitumor ability. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1001-1012.e5. [PMID: 33691090 PMCID: PMC8102368 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying how T cells become dysfunctional in a tumor microenvironment (TME) will greatly benefit cancer immunotherapy. We found that increased CD36 expression in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, which was induced by TME cholesterol, was associated with tumor progression and poor survival in human and murine cancers. Genetic ablation of Cd36 in effector CD8+ T cells exhibited increased cytotoxic cytokine production and enhanced tumor eradication. CD36 mediated uptake of fatty acids by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in TME, induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, and led to reduced cytotoxic cytokine production and impaired antitumor ability. Blocking CD36 or inhibiting ferroptosis in CD8+ T cells effectively restored their antitumor activity and, more importantly, possessed greater antitumor efficacy in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies. This study reveals a new mechanism of CD36 regulating the function of CD8+ effector T cells and therapeutic potential of targeting CD36 or inhibiting ferroptosis to restore T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhe Ma
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liuling Xiao
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lintao Liu
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lingqun Ye
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pan Su
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Enguang Bi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maojie Yang
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianfei Qian
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qing Yi
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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7
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Srinivasan J, Lancaster JN, Singarapu N, Hale LP, Ehrlich LIR, Richie ER. Age-Related Changes in Thymic Central Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676236. [PMID: 33968086 PMCID: PMC8100025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and hematopoietic antigen presenting cells (HAPCs) in the thymus microenvironment provide essential signals to self-reactive thymocytes that induce either negative selection or generation of regulatory T cells (Treg), both of which are required to establish and maintain central tolerance throughout life. HAPCs and TECs are comprised of multiple subsets that play distinct and overlapping roles in central tolerance. Changes that occur in the composition and function of TEC and HAPC subsets across the lifespan have potential consequences for central tolerance. In keeping with this possibility, there are age-associated changes in the cellular composition and function of T cells and Treg. This review summarizes changes in T cell and Treg function during the perinatal to adult transition and in the course of normal aging, and relates these changes to age-associated alterations in thymic HAPC and TEC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Srinivasan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Nandini Singarapu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
| | - Laura P Hale
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lauren I R Ehrlich
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ellen R Richie
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, United States
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8
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Marx A, Yamada Y, Simon-Keller K, Schalke B, Willcox N, Ströbel P, Weis CA. Thymus and autoimmunity. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:45-64. [PMID: 33537838 PMCID: PMC7925479 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The thymus prevents autoimmune diseases through mechanisms that operate in the cortex and medulla, comprising positive and negative selection and the generation of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Egress from the thymus through the perivascular space (PVS) to the blood is another possible checkpoint, as shown by some autoimmune/immunodeficiency syndromes. In polygenic autoimmune diseases, subtle thymic dysfunctions may compound genetic, hormonal and environmental cues. Here, we cover (a) tolerance-inducing cell types, whether thymic epithelial or tuft cells, or dendritic, B- or thymic myoid cells; (b) tolerance-inducing mechanisms and their failure in relation to thymic anatomic compartments, and with special emphasis on human monogenic and polygenic autoimmune diseases and the related thymic pathologies, if known; (c) polymorphisms and mutations of tolerance-related genes with an impact on positive selection (e.g. the gene encoding the thymoproteasome-specific subunit, PSMB11), promiscuous gene expression (e.g. AIRE, PRKDC, FEZF2, CHD4), Treg development (e.g. SATB1, FOXP3), T-cell migration (e.g. TAGAP) and egress from the thymus (e.g. MTS1, CORO1A); (d) myasthenia gravis as the prototypic outcome of an inflamed or disordered neoplastic ‘sick thymus’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katja Simon-Keller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Berthold Schalke
- Department of Neurology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, University of Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nick Willcox
- Neurosciences Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttigen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cleo-Aron Weis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Choi DW, Cho KA, Lee HJ, Kim YH, Woo KJ, Park JW, Ryu KH, Woo SY. Co‑transplantation of tonsil‑derived mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow transplantation promotes thymus regeneration and T cell diversity following cytotoxic conditioning. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1166-1174. [PMID: 32582998 PMCID: PMC7387097 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) represents a curative treatment for various hematological disorders. Prior to BMT, a large amount of the relevant anticancer drug needed to be administered to eliminate cancer cells. However, during this pre-BMT cytotoxic conditioning regimen, hematopoietic stem cells in the BM and thymic epithelial cells were also destroyed. The T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes diverse pathogen, tumor and environmental antigens, and confers immunological memory and self-tolerance. Delayed thymus reconstitution following pre-BMT cytotoxic conditioning impedes de novo thymopoiesis and limits T cell-mediated immunity. Several cytokines, such as RANK ligand, interleukin (IL)-7, IL-22 and stem cell factor, were recently reported to improve thymopoiesis and immune function following BMT. In the present study, it was found that the co-transplantation of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (T-MSCs) with BM-derived cells (BMCs) accelerated the recovery of involuted thymuses in mice following partial pre-BMT conditioning with busulfan-cyclophosphamide treatment, possibly by inducing FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) and fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) production in T-MSCs. The co-transplantation of T-MSCs with BMCs also replenished the CD3+ cell population by inhibiting thymocyte apoptosis following pre-BMT cytotoxic conditioning. Furthermore, T-MSC co-transplantation improved the recovery of the TCR repertoire and led to increased thymus-generated T cell diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Won Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Je Woo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
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10
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Toll-like receptor signaling in thymic epithelium controls monocyte-derived dendritic cell recruitment and Treg generation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2361. [PMID: 32398640 PMCID: PMC7217920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of thymic regulatory T cells (Treg) is mediated by Aire-regulated self-antigen presentation on medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and dendritic cells (DCs), but the cooperation between these cells is still poorly understood. Here we show that signaling through Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on mTECs regulates the production of specific chemokines and other genes associated with post-Aire mTEC development. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identify a new thymic CD14+Sirpα+ population of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (CD14+moDC) that are enriched in the thymic medulla and effectively acquire mTEC-derived antigens in response to the above chemokines. Consistently, the cellularity of CD14+moDC is diminished in mice with MyD88-deficient TECs, in which the frequency and functionality of thymic CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs are decreased, leading to aggravated mouse experimental colitis. Thus, our findings describe a TLR-dependent function of mTECs for the recruitment of CD14+moDC, the generation of Tregs, and thereby the establishment of central tolerance. Immune tolerance is mediated by the deletion of autoreactive T cells via medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) and dendritic cells (DC), and by the induction of regulatory T cells (Treg). Here the authors show that mTEC receiving toll-like receptor signaling control the recruitment of CD14+Sirpα+ DC population that is capable of inducing Treg for establishing tolerance.
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11
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Schroth S, Glinton K, Luo X, Thorp EB. Innate Functions of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Cardiac Allograft Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:869. [PMID: 32431717 PMCID: PMC7214785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rates after heart transplant have significantly improved over the last decade. Nevertheless, long-term allograft viability after 10 years remains poor and the sequelae of transplant-associated immunosuppression increases morbidity. Although several studies have implicated roles for lymphocyte-mediated rejection, less is understood with respect to non-major histocompatibility, and innate immune reactivity, which influence graft viability. As immature and mature dendritic cells (DCs) engage in both Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-dependent and MHC-independent immune responses, these cells are at the crossroads of therapeutic strategies that seek to achieve both allograft tolerance and suppression of innate immunity to the allograft. Here we review emerging roles of DC subsets and their molecular protagonists during allograft tolerance and allograft rejection, with a focus on cardiac transplant. New insight into emerging DC subsets in transplant will inform novel strategies for operational tolerance and amelioration of cardiac vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schroth
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kristofor Glinton
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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12
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Yi J, Kawabe T, Sprent J. New insights on T-cell self-tolerance. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 63:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Gabrielsen ISM, Helgeland H, Akselsen H, D. Aass HC, Sundaram AYM, Snowhite IV, Pugliese A, Flåm ST, Lie BA. Transcriptomes of antigen presenting cells in human thymus. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218858. [PMID: 31261375 PMCID: PMC6602790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the thymus play an essential role in the establishment of central tolerance, i.e. the generation of a repertoire of functional and self-tolerant T cells to prevent autoimmunity. In this study, we have compared the transcriptomes of four primary APCs from human thymus (mTECs, CD19+ B cells, CD141+ and CD123+ DCs). We investigated a set of genes including the HLA genes, genes encoding transcriptional regulators and finally, tissue-enriched genes, i.e, genes with a five-fold higher expression in a particular human tissue. We show that thymic CD141+ DCs express the highest levels of all classical HLA genes and 67% (14/21) of the HLA class I and II pathway genes investigated in this study. CD141+ DCs also expressed the highest levels of the transcriptional regulator DEAF1, whereas AIRE and FEZF2 expression were mainly found in primary human mTECs. We found expression of "tissue enriched genes" from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) in all four APC types, but the mTECs were clearly dominating in the number of uniquely expressed tissue enriched genes (20% in mTECs, 7% in CD19+ B cells, 4% in CD123+ DCs and 2% in CD141+ DCs). The tissue enriched genes also overlapped with reported human autoantigens. This is, to our knowledge, the first study that performs RNA sequencing of mTECs, CD19+ B cells, CD141+ and CD123+ DCs isolated from the same individuals and provides insight into the transcriptomes of these human thymic APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild S. M. Gabrielsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Helgeland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Akselsen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Christian D. Aass
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y. M. Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isaac V. Snowhite
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Siri T. Flåm
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte A. Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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