1
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Yang T, Li L, Pang J, Heng C, Wei C, Wang X, Xia Z, Huang X, Zhang L, Jiang Z. Modulating intestinal barrier function by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 specific agonist SEW2871 attenuated ANIT-induced cholestatic hepatitis via the gut-liver axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111150. [PMID: 37924700 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) homeostasis throughout the enterohepatic circulation system is a guarantee of liver physiological functions. BA circulation disorders is one of the characteristic clinical manifestations of cholestasis, and have a closely relationship with intestinal barrier function, especially ileum. Here, our in vivo and in vitro studies showed that intestinal tight junctions (TJs) were disrupted by α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), which also down-regulated the protein expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) in the top of villus of mice ileum. Activating S1PR1 by specific agonist SEW2871 could improve TJs via inhibiting ERK1/2/LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway in the ileum of ANIT-treated mice and ANIT-cultured Caco-2 cells. SEW2871 not only regained ileum TJs by activating S1PR1 in the epithelial cells of ileum mucosa, but also recovered ileum barrier function, which was further verified by the recovered BA homeostasis in mice ileum (content and tissue) by using of high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Subsequently, the improved intestinal injury and inflammation further strengthened that SEW2871 modulated intestinal barrier function in ANIT-treated mice. Finally, our data revealed that along with the down-regulated levels of serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), SEW2871 improved liver function and relieved hepatitis via blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB signaling pathway in ANIT-treated mice. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that activating intestinal S1PR1 by SEW2871 could modulate intestinal barrier function, leading to the improvement of cholestatic hepatitis in ANIT-treated mice via the "gut-liver" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jiale Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Cai Heng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chujing Wei
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xue Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ziyin Xia
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Huang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Kim DS, Na HS, Cho KH, Lee KH, Choi J, Kwok SK, Bae YS, Cho ML, Park SH. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine ameliorates experimental sjögren's syndrome by regulating salivary gland inflammation and hypofunction, and regulatory B cells. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:62-69. [PMID: 35732207 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells infiltrate the exocrine gland. Since SS is caused by a disorder of the immune system, treatments should regulate the immune response. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is a sphingolipid that mediates cellular signaling. In immune cells, SPC has several immunomodulatory functions. Accordingly, this study verifies the immunomodulatory ability and therapeutic effect of SPC in SS. To understand the function of SPC in SS, we treated SPC in female NOD/ShiJcl (NOD) mice. The mice were monitored for 10 weeks, and inflammation in the salivary glands was checked. After SPC treatment, we detected the expression of regulatory B (Breg) cells in mouse splenocytes and the level of salivary secretion-related genes in human submandibular gland (HSG) cells. Salivary flow rate was maintained in the SPC-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group, and inflammation in the salivary gland tissues was relieved by SPC. SPC treatment in mouse cells and HSG cells enhanced Breg cells and salivary secretion markers, respectively. This study revealed that SPC can be considered as a new therapeutic agent against SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Na
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hyung Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Hee Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Qiu Y, Shen J, Jiang W, Yang Y, Liu X, Zeng Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and its regulatory role in vascular endothelial cells. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:213-225. [PMID: 35118637 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive metabolite of sphingomyelin. S1P activates a series of signaling cascades by acting on its receptors S1PR1-3 on endothelial cells (ECs), which plays an important role in endothelial barrier maintenance, anti-inflammation, antioxidant and angiogenesis, and thus is considered as a potential therapeutic biomarker for ischemic stroke, sepsis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cancers, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We presently review the levels of S1P in those vascular and vascular-related diseases. Plasma S1P levels were reduced in various inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and sepsis, but were increased in other diseases including type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular damages such as acute ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, angina, heart failure, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, community-acquired pneumonia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Then, we highlighted the molecular mechanism by which S1P regulated EC biology including vascular development and angiogenesis, inflammation, permeability, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which might provide new ways for exploring the pathogenesis and implementing individualized therapy strategies for those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Orthopeadics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Jia LL, Zhang M, Liu H, Sun J, Pan LL. Early-life fingolimod treatment improves intestinal homeostasis and pancreatic immune tolerance in non-obese diabetic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1620-1629. [PMID: 33473182 PMCID: PMC8463616 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod has beneficial effects on multiple diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and numerous preclinical models of colitis. Intestinal dysbiosis and intestinal immune dysfunction contribute to disease pathogenesis of T1D. Thus, the beneficial effect of fingolimod on T1D may occur via the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis to some extent. Herein, we investigated the role of fingolimod in intestinal dysfunction in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and possible mechanisms. NOD mice were treated with fingolimod (1 mg · kg-1 per day, i.g.) from weaning (3-week-old) to 31 weeks of age. We found that fingolimod administration significantly enhanced the gut barrier (evidenced by enhanced expression of tight junction proteins and reduced intestinal permeability), attenuated intestinal microbial dysbiosis (evidenced by the reduction of enteric pathogenic Proteobacteria clusters), as well as intestinal immune dysfunction (evidenced by inhibition of CD4+ cells activation, reduction of T helper type 1 cells and macrophages, and the expansion of regulatory T cells). We further revealed that fingolimod administration suppressed the activation of CD4+ cells and the differentiation of T helper type 1 cells, promoted the expansion of regulatory T cells in the pancreas, which might contribute to the maintenance of pancreatic immune tolerance and the reduction of T1D incidence. The protection might be due to fingolimod inhibiting the toll-like receptor 2/4/nuclear factor-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome pathway in the colon. Collectively, early-life fingolimod treatment attenuates intestinal microbial dysbiosis and intestinal immune dysfunction in the T1D setting, which might contribute to its anti-diabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Jia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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5
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Yang T, Wang X, Zhou Y, Yu Q, Heng C, Yang H, Yuan Z, Miao Y, Chai Y, Wu Z, Sun L, Huang X, Liu B, Jiang Z, Zhang L. SEW2871 attenuates ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity by protecting liver barrier function via sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1-mediated AMPK signaling pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:595-609. [PMID: 33400020 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver injury, a group of diseases characterized with dysregulated bile acid (BA) homeostasis, was partly resulted from BA circulation disorders, which is commonly associated with the damage of hepatocyte barrier function. However, the underlying hepatocyte barrier-protective molecular mechanisms of cholestatic liver injury remain poorly understood. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) participated in the process of cholestasis by activating its G protein-coupled receptors S1PRs, regaining the integrity of hepatocyte tight junctions (TJs). Here, we showed that SEW2871, a selective agonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1(S1PR1), alleviated ANIT-induced TJs damage in 3D-cultured mice primary hepatocytes. Molecular mechanism studies indicated that AMPK signaling pathways was involved in TJs protection of SEW2871 in ANIT-induced hepatobiliary barrier function deficiency. AMPK antagonist compound C (CC) and agonist AICAR were all used to further identify the important role of AMPK signaling pathway in SEW2871's TJs protection of ANIT-treated mice primary hepatocytes. The in vivo data showed that SEW2871 ameliorated ANIT-induced cholestatic hepatotoxicity. Further protection mechanism research demonstrated that SEW2871 not only regained hepatocyte TJs by the upregulated S1PR1 via AMPK signaling pathway, but also recovered hepatobiliary barrier function deficiency, which was verified by the restored BA homeostasis by using of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These results revealed that the increased expression of S1PR1 induced by SEW2871 could ameliorate ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury through improving liver barrier function via AMPK signaling and subsequently reversed the disrupted BA homeostasis. Our study provided strong evidence that S1PR1 may be a promising therapeutic approach for treating intrahepatic cholestatic liver injury. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xue Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Qiongna Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cai Heng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chai
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziteng Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin Huang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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6
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Thuy AV, Jeya Paul J, Weigel C, Ziegler AC, Guntinas-Lichius O, Gräler MH. Validation of a monoclonal antibody directed against the human sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 1. J Immunol Methods 2020; 490:112953. [PMID: 33359172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type 1 (S1PR1) has several important functions, including stabilizing endothelial barrier and maintaining lymphocyte circulation. These functions are critically dependent on the regulation of S1PR1 cell surface expression. Currently available antibodies against human S1PR1 are not able to pick up cell surface expression on living cells by flow cytometry due to intracellular epitopes or unspecific binding. Here we describe the generation of a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the N-terminal region of human S1PR1. It has an immunoglobulin M (IgM) kappa isotype and detects cell surface expression of recombinant human S1PR1 on overexpressing cells. Due to unspecific intracellular cell staining, it cannot be used for staining of dead cells and tissue slides or in microscopic analyses. It is also not suitable for Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation. However, the antibody can stain for endogenous S1PR1 on human endothelial cell lines and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Incubation of these cells with various S1PR1 agonists revealed potent S1PR1 internalization, which was not the case with the specific antagonist W146. Surprisingly, human T and B cells isolated from blood and palatine tonsils did not show specific staining, demonstrating significantly lower endogenous S1PR1 surface expression on lymphocytes than on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas V Thuy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Jefri Jeya Paul
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anke C Ziegler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany; Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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7
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Murine platelet production is suppressed by S1P release in the hematopoietic niche, not facilitated by blood S1P sensing. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1702-1713. [PMID: 31171507 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019031948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactive lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) was recently assigned critical roles in platelet biology: whereas S1P1 receptor-mediated S1P gradient sensing was reported to be essential for directing proplatelet extensions from megakaryocytes (MKs) toward bone marrow sinusoids, MK sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2)-derived S1P was reported to further promote platelet shedding through receptor-independent intracellular actions, and platelet aggregation through S1P1 Yet clinical use of S1P pathway modulators including fingolimod has not been associated with risk of bleeding or thrombosis. We therefore revisited the role of S1P in platelet biology in mice. Surprisingly, no reduction in platelet counts was observed when the vascular S1P gradient was ablated by impairing S1P provision to plasma or S1P degradation in interstitial fluids, nor when gradient sensing was impaired by S1pr1 deletion selectively in MKs. Moreover, S1P1 expression and signaling were both undetectable in mature MKs in situ, and MK S1pr1 deletion did not affect platelet aggregation or spreading. When S1pr1 deletion was induced in hematopoietic progenitor cells, platelet counts were instead significantly elevated. Isolated global Sphk2 deficiency was associated with thrombocytopenia, but this was not replicated by MK-restricted Sphk2 deletion and was reversed by compound deletion of either Sphk1 or S1pr2, suggesting that this phenotype arises from increased S1P export and S1P2 activation secondary to redistribution of sphingosine to Sphk1. Consistent with clinical observations, we thus observe no essential role for S1P1 in facilitating platelet production or activation. Instead, S1P restricts megakaryopoiesis through S1P1, and can further suppress thrombopoiesis through S1P2 when aberrantly secreted in the hematopoietic niche.
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8
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Controlling leukocyte trafficking in IBD. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105050. [PMID: 32598943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells, myeloid cells and lymphocytes in the inflamed intestine. The presence and persistence of these cells, together with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, perpetuate intestinal inflammation in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Thus, blockade of leukocyte migration to the intestine is a main strategy used to control the disease and alleviate symptoms. Vedolizumab is the only anti-integrin drug approved for the treatment of IBD but several other drugs also targeting integrins, chemokines or receptors involved in leukocyte intestinal trafficking are under development and investigated for their efficacy and safety in IBD. The challenge now is to better understand the specific mechanism of action underlying each drug and to identify biomarkers that would guide drug selection in the individual patient.
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9
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Martens R, Permanyer M, Werth K, Yu K, Braun A, Halle O, Halle S, Patzer GE, Bošnjak B, Kiefer F, Janssen A, Friedrichsen M, Poetzsch J, Kohli K, Lueder Y, Gutierrez Jauregui R, Eckert N, Worbs T, Galla M, Förster R. Efficient homing of T cells via afferent lymphatics requires mechanical arrest and integrin-supported chemokine guidance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1114. [PMID: 32111837 PMCID: PMC7048855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14921-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding lymph node (LN)-homing of immune cells via afferent lymphatics. Here, we show, using a photo-convertible Dendra-2 reporter, that recently activated CD4 T cells enter downstream LNs via afferent lymphatics at high frequencies. Intra-lymphatic immune cell transfer and live imaging data further show that activated T cells come to an instantaneous arrest mediated passively by the mechanical 3D-sieve barrier of the LN subcapsular sinus (SCS). Arrested T cells subsequently migrate randomly on the sinus floor independent of both chemokines and integrins. However, chemokine receptors are imperative for guiding cells out of the SCS, and for their subsequent directional translocation towards the T cell zone. By contrast, integrins are dispensable for LN homing, yet still contribute by increasing the dwell time within the SCS and by potentially enhancing T cell sensing of chemokine gradients. Together, these findings provide fundamental insights into mechanisms that control homing of lymph-derived immune cells. Immune cells mostly enter lymph nodes (LN) from blood circulation, but whether afferent lymphatics contributes to LN entry is unclear. Here, the authors show, using a photo-convertible reporter, that T cells in afferent lymphatics frequently enter LN and become arrested in the subcapsular sinus, with chemokines and integrins further guiding their migration in the LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieke Martens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Permanyer
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Werth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Asolina Braun
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Halle
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- Mammalian Cell Signaling Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Poetzsch
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karan Kohli
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yvonne Lueder
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Eckert
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Worbs
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Santhosh D, Sherman J, Chowdhury S, Huang Z. Harnessing region-specific neurovascular signaling to promote germinal matrix vessel maturation and hemorrhage prevention. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.041228. [PMID: 31601549 PMCID: PMC6899033 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), affecting about 1 in 300 births, is a major perinatal disease with lifelong neurological consequences. Yet despite advances in neonatal medicine, there is no effective intervention. GMH is characterized by localized bleeding in the germinal matrix (GM), due to inherent vessel fragility unique to this developing brain region. Studies have shown that reduced TGFβ signaling contributes to this vascular immaturity. We have previously shown that a region-specific G-protein-coupled receptor pathway in GM neural progenitor cells regulates integrin β8, a limiting activator of pro-TGFβ. In this study, we use mice to test whether this regional pathway can be harnessed for GMH intervention. We first examined the endogenous dynamics of this pathway and found that it displays specific patterns of activation. We then investigated the functional effects of altering these dynamics by chemogenetics and found that there is a narrow developmental window during which this pathway is amenable to manipulation. Although high-level activity in this time window interferes with vessel growth, moderate enhancement promotes vessel maturation without compromising growth. Furthermore, we found that enhancing the activity of this pathway in a mouse model rescues all GMH phenotypes. Altogether, these results demonstrate that enhancing neurovascular signaling through pharmacological targeting of this pathway may be a viable approach for tissue-specific GMH intervention. They also demonstrate that timing and level are likely two major factors crucial for success. These findings thus provide critical new insights into both brain neurovascular biology and the intervention of GMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Santhosh
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Program in Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joe Sherman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shafi Chowdhury
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zhen Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA .,Program in Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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11
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Alriyami M, Marchand L, Li Q, Du X, Olivier M, Polychronakos C. Clonal copy-number mosaicism in autoreactive T lymphocytes in diabetic NOD mice. Genome Res 2019; 29:1951-1961. [PMID: 31694869 PMCID: PMC6886509 DOI: 10.1101/gr.247882.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Concordance for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is far from 100% in monozygotic twins and in inbred nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, despite genetic identity and shared environment during incidence peak years. This points to stochastic determinants, such as postzygotic mutations (PZMs) in the expanding antigen-specific autoreactive T cell lineages, by analogy to their role in the expanding tumor lineage in cancer. Using comparative genomic hybridization of DNA from pancreatic lymph-node memory CD4+ T cells of 25 diabetic NOD mice, we found lymphocyte-exclusive mosaic somatic copy-number aberrations (CNAs) with highly nonrandom independent involvement of the same gene(s) across different mice, some with an autoimmunity association (e.g., Ilf3 and Dgka). We confirmed genes of interest using the gold standard approach for CNA quantification, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), as an independent method. As controls, we examined lymphocytes expanded during normal host defense (17 NOD and BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major parasite). Here, CNAs found were fewer and significantly smaller compared to those in autoreactive cells (P = 0.0019). We determined a low T cell clonality for our samples suggesting a prethymic formation of these CNAs. In this study, we describe a novel, unexplored phenomenon of a potential causal contribution of PZMs in autoreactive T cells in T1D pathogenesis. We expect that exploration of point mutations and studies in human T cells will enable the further delineation of driver genes to target for functional studies. Our findings challenge the classical notions of autoimmunity and open conceptual avenues toward individualized prevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alriyami
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Luc Marchand
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Quan Li
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Martin Olivier
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada
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12
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Wang P, Dai L, Zhou W, Meng J, Zhang M, Wu Y, Huo H, Xiong X, Sui F. Intermodule Coupling Analysis of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction on Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1288. [PMID: 31772561 PMCID: PMC6848980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction (HLJDD) is a "Fangji" made up of well-designed Chinese herb array and widely used to treat ischemic stroke. Here we aimed to investigate pharmacological mechanism by introducing an inter-module analysis to identify an overarching view of target profile and action mode of HLJDD. Stroke-related genes were obtained from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). And the potential target proteins of HLJDD were identified according to TCMsp (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform). The two sets of molecules related to stroke and HLJDD were respectively imported into STRING database to construct the stroke network and HLJDD network, which were dissected into modules through MCODE, respectively. We analyzed the inter-module connectivity by quantify "coupling score" (CS) between HLJDD-modules (H-modules) and stroke-modules (S-module) to explore the pharmacological acting pattern of HLJDD on stroke. A total of 267 stroke-related proteins and 15 S-modules, 335 HLJDD putative targeting proteins, and 13 H-modules were identified, respectively. HLJDD directly targeted 28 proteins in stroke network, majority (16, 57.14%) of which were in S-modules 1 and 4. According to the modular map based on inter-module CS analysis, H-modules 1, 2, and 8 densely connected with S-modules 1, 3, and 4 to constitute a module-to-module bridgeness, and the enriched pathways of this bridgeness with top significance were TNF signaling pathway, HIF signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, through this bridgeness, H-modules 2 and 4 cooperatively work together to regulate mitochondrial apoptosis against the ischemia injury. Finally, the core protein in H-module 4 account for mitochondrial apoptosis was validated by an in vivo experiment. This study has developed an integrative approach by inter-modular analysis for elucidating the "shotgun-like" pharmacological mechanism of HLJDD for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Dai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hairu Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Lipocalin 2: A New Antimicrobial in Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102380. [PMID: 31091692 PMCID: PMC6566617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play a significant role in the innate immune defense against bacterial infection through the release of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. However, their antimicrobial function is still only partially described. We therefore hypothesized that MCs express additional antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we used FANTOM 5 transcriptome data to identify for the first time that MCs express lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a known inhibitor of bacterial growth. Using MCs derived from mice which were deficient in LCN2, we showed that this antimicrobial peptide is an important component of the MCs' antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Since sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) on MCs are known to regulate their function during infections, we hypothesized that S1P could activate LCN2 production in MCs. Using an in vitro assay, we demonstrated that S1P enhances MCs antimicrobial peptide production and increases the capacity of MCs to directly kill S. aureus and E. coli via an LCN2 release. In conclusion, we showed that LCN2 is expressed by MCs and plays a role in their capacity to inhibit bacterial growth.
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14
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Zhao J, Zhu M, Jiang H, Shen S, Su X, Shi Y. Combination of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonist and antiviral drug: a potential therapy against pathogenic influenza virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5272. [PMID: 30918324 PMCID: PMC6437142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus is associated with significant mortality. Targeting S1PR1, which is known to modulate the immune response, provides protection against pathogenic influenza virus. The functional role and molecular mechanism of S1PR1 were analysed by generating inducible endothelial cell-specific S1PR1 knockout mice and assessing the therapeutic efficacy of the selective S1PR1 agonist CYM5442 against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by the 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus. Immune-mediated pulmonary injury is aggravated by the absence of endothelial S1PR1 and alleviated by treatment with CYM-5442, suggesting a protective function of S1PR1 signaling during H1N1 infection. S1PR1 signaling does not affect viral clearance in mice infected with influenza. Mechanistically, the MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways are involved in the ALI mediated by S1PR1 in infected mice. Combined administration of the S1PR1 agonist CYM-5442 and the antiviral drug oseltamivir provides maximum protection from ALI. Our current study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of S1PR1 mediating the ALI induced by H1N1 infection and indicates that the combination of S1PR1 agonist with antiviral drug could potentially be used as a therapeutic remedy for future H1N1 virus pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Meiying Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Simen Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226000, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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15
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16
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Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Endothelial Dysfunction and Sepsis? Shock 2018; 47:666-672. [PMID: 27922551 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is an acute life-threatening multiple organ failure caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Endothelial dysfunction, particularly barrier disruption leading to increased vascular permeability, edema, and insufficient tissue oxygenation, is critical to sepsis pathogenesis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid that regulates important pathophysiological processes including vascular endothelial cell permeability, inflammation, and coagulation. It is present at high concentrations in blood and lymph and at very low concentrations in tissues due to the activity of the S1P-degrading enzyme S1P-lyase in tissue cells. Recently, four preclinical observational studies determined S1P levels in serum or plasma of sepsis patients, and all found reduced S1P levels associated with the disease. Based on these findings, this review summarizes S1P-regulated processes pertaining to endothelial functions, discusses the possible use of S1P as a marker and possibilities how to manipulate S1P levels and S1P receptor activation to restore endothelial integrity, dampens the inflammatory host response, and improves organ function in sepsis.
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17
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Li Z, Gu J, Zhu Q, Liu J, Lu H, Lu Y, Wang X. Obese donor mice splenocytes aggravated the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease via regulating differentiation of Tregs and CD4 + T cell induced-type I inflammation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74880-74896. [PMID: 29088831 PMCID: PMC5650386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains one of the most severe complications in organ and bone marrow transplantation, leading to much morbidity and mortality. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of development of various inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of obese donor splenocytes on the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). In this study, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) in vitro showed that obese donor mouse CD4+ T cell promoted the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Meanwhile, the inducible Tregs population decreased greatly in obese donor mouse CD4+ T cells' induction group, compared with normal group. Then in the murine aGVHD model, we found that obese donor splenocytes dramatically increased the severity of aGVHD through down-regulating immune tolerance while enhancing systemic and local immunity. Moreover, we showed that aGVHD induced by obese donors resulted in massive expansion of donor CD3+ T cells, release of Th1-related cytokines, interleukin-17 (IL-17) and chemokines, significant increase of Th17 cells and inhibition of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impaired suppressive ability of donor Tregs. Expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Raptor increased, while the phosphorylation level of SMAD3 was decreased in the skin, intestine, lung and liver from obese donor splenocytes-treated aGVHD mice. Furthermore, at mRNA and protein levels, we defined several molecules that may account for the enhanced ability of obese donor splenocytes to migrate into target organs, such as IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCR3, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CCL3. Therefore, these results imply that obese donor cells may be related to the risk of aGVHD and helping obese donor individuals lose weight represent a compulsory clinical strategy before implementing transplantation to control aGVHD of recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyao Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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18
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Liu Y, Rogel N, Harada K, Jarett L, Maiorana CH, German GK, Mahler GJ, Doiron AL. Nanoparticle size-specific actin rearrangement and barrier dysfunction of endothelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:846-856. [PMID: 28885066 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1371349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluated the impact of gold nanoparticles on endothelial cell behavior and function beyond the influence on cell viability. Five types of gold nanoparticles were studied: 5 nm and 20 nm bare gold nanoparticles, 5 nm and 20 nm gold nanoparticles with biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating and 60 nm bare gold nanoparticles. We found that all tested gold nanoparticles did not affect cell viability significantly and reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in endothelial cells. Only 20 nm bare gold nanoparticles caused an over 50% increase in endothelial barrier permeability and slow recovery of barrier function was observed after the gold nanoparticles were removed. This impairment in endothelial barrier function was caused by unbalanced forces between intracellular tensions and paracellular forces, actin microfilament rearrangement, which occurred through a Rho/ROCK kinase-dependent pathway and broke the force balance between intracellular tensions and paracellular forces. The size-specific effect of gold nanoparticles on endothelial cells may have important implications regarding the behavior of nanoparticles in the biological system and provide valuable guidance in nanomaterial design and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Liu
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Binghamton University , Binghamton , NY, USA
| | - Noga Rogel
- b Department of Neuroscience , Binghamton University , Binghamton , NY, USA
| | - Kei Harada
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Binghamton University , Binghamton , NY, USA
| | - Leigha Jarett
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Binghamton University , Binghamton , NY, USA
| | | | - Guy K German
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Binghamton University , Binghamton , NY, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Binghamton University , Binghamton , NY, USA
| | - Amber L Doiron
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Binghamton University , Binghamton , NY, USA
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19
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Adamiak M, Chelvarajan L, Lynch KR, Santos WL, Abdel-Latif A, Ratajczak MZ. Mobilization studies in mice deficient in sphingosine kinase 2 support a crucial role of the plasma level of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the egress of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65588-65600. [PMID: 29029455 PMCID: PMC5630355 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid involved in cell signaling and, if released from cells, also plays a crucial role in regulating the trafficking of lympho-hematopoietic cells, including primitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). It has been demonstrated that S1P chemoattracts HSPCs, and its level in peripheral blood creates a gradient directing egress of these cells during mobilization. In this paper we analyzed hematopoiesis in mice deficient in sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2-KO mice) and studied the effect of this mutation on plasma S1P levels. We found that Sphk2-KO mice have normal hematopoiesis, and, in contrast to Sphk1-KO mice, the circulating S1P level is highly elevated in these animals and correlates with the fact that HSPCs in Sphk2-KO animals, also in contrast to Sphk1-KO animals, show enhanced mobilization. These results were recapitulated in wild type (WT) animals employing an Sphk2 inhibitor. We also administered an inhibitor of the S1P-degrading enzyme S1P lyase, known as tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI), to WT mice and observed that this resulted in an increase in S1P level in PB and enhanced mobilization of HSPCs. In sum, our results support a crucial role for S1P gradients in blood plasma in the mobilization process and indicate that small-molecule inhibitors of Sphk2 and Sgpl1 could be employed as mobilization-facilitating compounds. At the same time, further studies are needed to explain the unexpected effect of Sphk2 inhibition on increasing S1P levels in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Adamiak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lakshman Chelvarajan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Lim VY, Zehentmeier S, Fistonich C, Pereira JP. A Chemoattractant-Guided Walk Through Lymphopoiesis: From Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Mature B Lymphocytes. Adv Immunol 2017; 134:47-88. [PMID: 28413023 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in specialized bone marrow niches composed of rare mesenchymal lineage stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells. These niches are defined by function and location: MSPCs are mostly perisinusoidal cells that together with a small subset of sinusoidal endothelial cells express stem cell factor, interleukin-7 (IL-7), IL-15, and the highest amounts of CXCL12 in bone marrow. Though rare, MSPCs are morphologically heterogeneous, highly reticular, and form a vast cellular network in the bone marrow parenchyma capable of interacting with large numbers of hematopoietic cells. HSCs, downstream multipotent progenitor cells, and common lymphoid progenitor cells utilize CXCR4 to fine-tune access to critical short-range growth factors provided by MSPCs for their long-term maintenance and/or multilineage differentiation. In later stages, developing B lymphocytes use CXCR4 to navigate the bone marrow parenchyma, and predominantly cannabinoid receptor-2 for positioning within bone marrow sinusoids, prior to being released into peripheral blood circulation. In the final stages of differentiation, transitional B cells migrate to the spleen where they preferentially undergo further rounds of differentiation until selection into the mature B cell pool occurs. This bottleneck purges up to 97% of all developing B cells in a peripheral selection process that is heavily controlled not only by the intensity of BCR signaling and access to BAFF but also by the proper functioning of the B cell motility machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Lim
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Chris Fistonich
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - João P Pereira
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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21
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Li P, Yuan X, Zheng J, Liu J, Bai C, Niu W. Regulation of S1P receptors and sphingosine kinases expression in acute pulmonary endothelial cell injury. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2712. [PMID: 27994962 PMCID: PMC5157198 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a severe clinical syndrome with mortality rate as high as 30–40%. There is no treatment yet to improve pulmonary endothelial barrier function in patients with severe pulmonary edema. Developing therapies to protect endothelial barrier integrity and stabilizing gas exchange is getting more and more attention. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is able to enhance the resistance of endothelial cell barrier. S1P at physiological concentrations plays an important role in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Proliferation, regeneration and anti-inflammatory activity that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit make it possible to regulate the homeostatic control of S1P. Methods By building a pulmonary endothelial cell model of acute injury, we investigated the regulation of S1P receptors and sphingosine kinases expression by MSCs during the treatment of acute lung injury using RT-PCR, and investigated the HPAECs Micro-electronics impedance using Real Time Cellular Analysis. Results It was found that the down-regulation of TNF-α expression was more significant when MSC was used in combination with S1P. The combination effection mainly worked on S1PR2, S1PR3 and SphK2. The results show that when MSCs were used in combination with S1P, the selectivity of S1P receptors was increased and the homeostatic control of S1P concentration was improved through regulation of expression of S1P metabolic enzymes. Discussions The study found that, as a potential treatment, MSCs could work on multiple S1P related genes simultaneously. When it was used in combination with S1P, the expression regulation result of related genes was not simply the superposition of each other, but more significant outcome was obtained. This study establishes the experimental basis for further exploring the efficacy of improving endothelial barrier function in acute lung injury, using MSCs in combination with S1P and their possible synergistic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307th Hospital of PLA , Beijing , The People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307th Hospital of PLA , Beijing , The People's Republic of China
| | - Puyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307th Hospital of PLA , Beijing , The People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307th Hospital of PLA , Beijing , The People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307th Hospital of PLA , Beijing , The People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Beijing Oriental Yamei Gene Science & Technology Institute , Beijing , The People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307th Hospital of PLA , Beijing , The People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Niu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Diseases, 307th Hospital of PLA , Beijing , The People's Republic of China
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22
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Gazit SL, Mariko B, Thérond P, Decouture B, Xiong Y, Couty L, Bonnin P, Baudrie V, Le Gall SM, Dizier B, Zoghdani N, Ransinan J, Hamilton JR, Gaussem P, Tharaux PL, Chun J, Coughlin SR, Bachelot-Loza C, Hla T, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Camerer E. Platelet and Erythrocyte Sources of S1P Are Redundant for Vascular Development and Homeostasis, but Both Rendered Essential After Plasma S1P Depletion in Anaphylactic Shock. Circ Res 2016; 119:e110-26. [PMID: 27582371 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling is essential for vascular development and postnatal vascular homeostasis. The relative importance of S1P sources sustaining these processes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To address the level of redundancy in bioactive S1P provision to the developing and mature vasculature. METHODS AND RESULTS S1P production was selectively impaired in mouse platelets, erythrocytes, endothelium, or smooth muscle cells by targeted deletion of genes encoding sphingosine kinases -1 and -2. S1P deficiency impaired aggregation and spreading of washed platelets and profoundly reduced their capacity to promote endothelial barrier function ex vivo. However, and in contrast to recent reports, neither platelets nor any other source of S1P was essential for vascular development, vascular integrity, or hemostasis/thrombosis. Yet rapid and profound depletion of plasma S1P during systemic anaphylaxis rendered both platelet- and erythrocyte-derived S1P essential for survival, with a contribution from blood endothelium observed only in the absence of circulating sources. Recovery was sensitive to aspirin in mice with but not without platelet S1P, suggesting that platelet activation and stimulus-response coupling is needed. S1P deficiency aggravated vasoplegia in this model, arguing a vital role for S1P in maintaining vascular resistance during recovery from circulatory shock. Accordingly, the S1P2 receptor mediated most of the survival benefit of S1P, whereas the endothelial S1P1 receptor was dispensable for survival despite its importance for maintaining vascular integrity. CONCLUSIONS Although source redundancy normally secures essential S1P signaling in developing and mature blood vessels, profound depletion of plasma S1P renders both erythrocyte and platelet S1P pools necessary for recovery and high basal plasma S1P levels protective during anaphylactic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé L Gazit
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Boubacar Mariko
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Patrice Thérond
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Benoit Decouture
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Yuquan Xiong
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Ludovic Couty
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Véronique Baudrie
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Sylvain M Le Gall
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Blandine Dizier
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Nesrine Zoghdani
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Jessica Ransinan
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Justin R Hamilton
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Jerold Chun
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Shaun R Coughlin
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Christilla Bachelot-Loza
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Timothy Hla
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.)
| | - Eric Camerer
- From the INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, 75015 Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., L.C., V.B., S.M.L.G., N.Z., J.R., P.-L.T., E.C.); Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (S.L.G., B.M., B. Decouture, L.C., P.B., V.B., S.M.L.G., B. Dizier, N.Z., J.R., P.G., P.-L.T., C.B.-L., B.H.-T.-N., E.C.); AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France (P.T.); Lip(Sys)2-Biochimie appliquée, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France (P.T.); INSERM U1140, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France (B. Decouture, B. Dizier, P.G., C.B.-L.); Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York (Y.X., T.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations-Fonctionnelles, INSERM U965, 75010, Paris, France (P.B.); Australian Centre for Blood Diseases & Department of Clinical Haematology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.R.H.); AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France (P.G.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (J.C.); Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (S.R.C.); and INSERM U698, 75018 Paris, France (B.H.-T.-N.).
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Sun N, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Critical Role of the Sphingolipid Pathway in Stroke: a Review of Current Utility and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:420-38. [PMID: 27339463 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a series of cell membrane-derived lipids which act as signaling molecules and play a critical role in cell death and survival, proliferation, recognition, and migration. Sphingosine-1-phosphate acts as a key signaling molecule and regulates lymphocyte trafficking, glial cell activation, vasoconstriction, endothelial barrier function, and neuronal death pathways which plays a critical role in numerous neurological conditions. Stroke is a second leading cause of death all over the world and effective therapies are still in great demand, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke as well as poststroke repair. Significantly, sphingolipid activities change after stroke and correlate with stroke outcome, which has promoted efforts to testify whether the sphingolipid pathway could be a novel therapeutic target in stroke. The sphingolipid metabolic pathway, the connection between the pathway and stroke, as well as therapeutic interventions to manipulate the pathway to reduce stroke-induced brain injury are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
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24
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Bolli MH, Lescop C, Birker M, de Kanter R, Hess P, Kohl C, Nayler O, Rey M, Sieber P, Velker J, Weller T, Steiner B. Novel S1P1 receptor agonists – Part 5: From amino-to alkoxy-pyridines. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:326-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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T cell-intrinsic S1PR1 regulates endogenous effector T-cell egress dynamics from lymph nodes during infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2182-7. [PMID: 26862175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516485113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral clearance requires effector T-cell egress from the draining lymph node (dLN). The mechanisms that regulate the complex process of effector T-cell egress from the dLN after infection are poorly understood. Here, we visualized endogenous pathogen-specific effector T-cell migration within, and from, the dLN. We used an inducible mouse model with a temporally disrupted sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) gene specifically in endogenous effector T cells. Early after infection, WT and S1PR1(-/-) effector T cells localized exclusively within the paracortex. This localization in the paracortex by CD8 T cells was followed by intranodal migration by both WT and S1PR1(-/-) T cells to positions adjacent to both cortical and medullary lymphatic sinuses where the T cells exhibited intense probing behavior. However, in contrast to WT, S1PR1(-/-) effector T cells failed to enter the sinuses. We demonstrate that, even when LN retention signals such as CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) are down-regulated, T cell intrinsic S1PR1 is the master regulator of effector T-cell emigration from the dLN.
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26
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Aurelio L, Scullino CV, Pitman MR, Sexton A, Oliver V, Davies L, Rebello RJ, Furic L, Creek DJ, Pitson SM, Flynn BL. From Sphingosine Kinase to Dihydroceramide Desaturase: A Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Study of the Enzyme Inhibitory and Anticancer Activity of 4-((4-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)phenol (SKI-II). J Med Chem 2016; 59:965-84. [PMID: 26780304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, SKI-II, has been employed extensively in biological investigations of the role of SK1 and SK2 in disease and has demonstrated impressive anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. However, interpretations of results using this pharmacological agent are complicated by several factors: poor SK1/2 selectivity, additional activity as an inducer of SK1-degradation, and off-target effects, including its recently identified capacity to inhibit dihydroceramide desaturase-1 (Des1). In this study, we have delineated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) for these different targets and correlated them to that required for anticancer activity and determined that Des1 inhibition is primarily responsible for the antiproliferative effects of SKI-II and its analogues. In the course of these efforts, a series of novel SK1, SK2, and Des1 inhibitors have been generated, including compounds with significantly greater anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aurelio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Carmen V Scullino
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Melissa R Pitman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Frome Road, Adelaide South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Anna Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Victoria Oliver
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lorena Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Frome Road, Adelaide South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Richard J Rebello
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Darren J Creek
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Frome Road, Adelaide South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Bernard L Flynn
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Hoffmann FS, Hofereiter J, Rübsamen H, Melms J, Schwarz S, Faber H, Weber P, Pütz B, Loleit V, Weber F, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E, Krumbholz M. Fingolimod induces neuroprotective factors in human astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:184. [PMID: 26419927 PMCID: PMC4589103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The phosphorylated active metabolite FTY720-phosphate (FTY-P) interferes with lymphocyte trafficking. In addition, it accumulates in the CNS and reduces brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuroprotective effects are hypothesized. Methods Human primary astrocytes as well as human astrocytoma cells were stimulated with FTY-P or S1P. We analyzed gene expression by a genome-wide microarray and validated induced candidate genes by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. To identify the S1P-receptor subtypes involved, we applied a membrane-impermeable S1P analog (dihydro-S1P), receptor subtype specific agonists and antagonists, as well as RNAi silencing. Results FTY-P induced leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin 11 (IL11), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) mRNA, as well as secretion of LIF and IL11 protein. In order to mimic an inflammatory milieu as observed in active MS lesions, we combined FTY-P application with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In the presence of this key inflammatory cytokine, FTY-P synergistically induced LIF, HBEGF, and IL11 mRNA, as well as secretion of LIF and IL11 protein. TNF itself induced inflammatory, B-cell promoting, and antiviral factors (CXCL10, BAFF, MX1, and OAS2). Their induction was blocked by FTY-P. After continuous exposure of cells to FTY-P or S1P for up to 7 days, the extent of induction of neurotrophic factors and the suppression of TNF-induced inflammatory genes declined but was still detectable. The induction of neurotrophic factors was mediated via surface S1P receptors 1 (S1PR1) and 3 (S1PR3). Conclusions We identified effects of FTY-P on astrocytes, namely induction of neurotrophic mediators (LIF, HBEGF, and IL11) and inhibition of TNF-induced inflammatory genes (CXCL10, BAFF, MX1, and OAS2). This supports the view that a part of the effects of fingolimod may be mediated via astrocytes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0393-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hoffmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johann Hofereiter
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Heike Rübsamen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Melms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Technical University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Schwarz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Technical University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hans Faber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Peter Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Verena Loleit
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Frank Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Center of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Gregory DJ, Kobzik L. Influenza lung injury: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1041-6. [PMID: 26408556 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00283.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Perspectives, we discuss some recent developments in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury following influenza infection, with an emphasis on promising therapeutic leads. Damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier has been quantified in mice, and agents have been identified that can help to preserve barrier integrity, such as vasculotide, angiopoietin-like 4 neutralization, and sphingosine 1-phosphate mimics. Results from studies using mesenchymal stem cells have been disappointing, despite promising data in other types of lung injury. The roles of fatty acid binding protein 5, prostaglandin E2, and the interplay between IFN-γ and STAT1 in epithelial signaling during infection have been addressed in vitro. Finally, we discuss the role of autophagy in inflammatory cytokine production and the viral life cycle and the opportunities this presents for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gregory
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
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Kharel Y, Morris EA, Congdon MD, Thorpe SB, Tomsig JL, Santos WL, Lynch KR. Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibition and Blood Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:23-31. [PMID: 26243740 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.225862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) levels are significantly higher in blood and lymph than in tissues. This S1P concentration difference is necessary for proper lymphocyte egress from secondary lymphoid tissue and to maintain endothelial barrier integrity. Studies with mice lacking either sphingosine kinase (SphK) type 1 and 2 indicate that these enzymes are the sole biosynthetic source of S1P, but they play different roles in setting S1P blood levels. We have developed a set of drug-like SphK inhibitors, with differing selectivity for the two isoforms of this enzyme. Although all SphK inhibitors tested decrease S1P when applied to cultured U937 cells, only those inhibitors with a bias for SphK2 drove a substantial increase in blood S1P in mice and this rise was detectable within minutes of administration of the inhibitor. Blood S1P also increased in response to SphK2 inhibitors in rats. Mass-labeled S1P was cleared more slowly after intravenous injection into SphK2 inhibitor-treated mice or mice lacking a functional SphK2 gene; thus, the increased accumulation of S1P in the blood appears to result from the decreased clearance of S1P from the blood. Therefore, SphK2 appears to have a function independent of generating S1P in cells. Our results suggest that differential SphK inhibition with a drug might afford a method to manipulate blood S1P levels in either direction while lowering tissue S1P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (Y.K., J.L.T., K.R.L.); Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (E.A.M., M.D.C., W.L.S.); and SphynKx Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia (S.B.T.)
| | - Emily A Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (Y.K., J.L.T., K.R.L.); Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (E.A.M., M.D.C., W.L.S.); and SphynKx Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia (S.B.T.)
| | - Molly D Congdon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (Y.K., J.L.T., K.R.L.); Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (E.A.M., M.D.C., W.L.S.); and SphynKx Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia (S.B.T.)
| | - Steven B Thorpe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (Y.K., J.L.T., K.R.L.); Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (E.A.M., M.D.C., W.L.S.); and SphynKx Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia (S.B.T.)
| | - Jose L Tomsig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (Y.K., J.L.T., K.R.L.); Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (E.A.M., M.D.C., W.L.S.); and SphynKx Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia (S.B.T.)
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (Y.K., J.L.T., K.R.L.); Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (E.A.M., M.D.C., W.L.S.); and SphynKx Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia (S.B.T.)
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (Y.K., J.L.T., K.R.L.); Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (E.A.M., M.D.C., W.L.S.); and SphynKx Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia (S.B.T.)
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Granule-mediated release of sphingosine-1-phosphate by activated platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1581-9. [PMID: 25158625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an intracellularly generated bioactive lipid essential for development, vascular integrity, and immunity. These functions are mediated by S1P-selective cell surface G-protein coupled receptors. S1P signaling therefore requires extracellular release of this lipid. Several cell types release S1P and evidence for both plasma membrane transporter-mediated and vesicle-dependent secretion has been presented. Platelets are an important source of S1P and can release it in response to agonists generated at sites of vascular injury. S1P release from agonist-stimulated platelets was measured in the presence of a carrier molecule (albumin) using HPLC-MS/MS. The kinetics and agonist-dependence of S1P release were similar to that of other granule cargo e.g. platelet factor IV (PF4). Agonist-stimulated S1P release was defective in platelets from Unc13d(Jinx) (Munc13-4 null) mice demonstrating a critical role for regulated membrane fusion in this process. Consistent with this observation, platelets efficiently converted fluorescent NBD-sphingosine to its phosphorylated derivative which accumulated in granules. Fractionation of platelet organelles revealed the presence of S1P in both the plasma membrane and in α-granules. Resting platelets contained a second pool of constitutively releasable S1P that was more rapidly labeled by exogenously added sphingosine. Our studies indicate that platelets contain two pools of S1P that are released extracellularly: a readily-exchangeable, metabolically active pool of S1P, perhaps in the plasma membrane, and a granular pool that requires platelet activation and regulated exocytosis for release.
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31
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Fulton LM, Taylor NA, Coghill JM, West ML, Föger N, Bear JE, Baldwin AS, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Serody JS. Altered T-cell entry and egress in the absence of Coronin 1A attenuates murine acute graft versus host disease. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1662-71. [PMID: 24752751 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a major limitation to the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of patients with relapsed malignant disease. Previous work using animals lacking secondary lymphoid tissue (SLT) suggested that activation of donor T cells in SLT is critically important for the pathogenesis of aGvHD. However, these studies did not determine if impaired migration into, and more importantly, out of SLT, would ameliorate aGvHD. Here, we show that T cells from mice lacking Coronin 1A (Coro 1A(-/-)), an actin-associated protein shown to be important for thymocyte egress, do not mediate acute GvHD. The attenuation of aGvHD was associated with decreased expression of the critical trafficking proteins C-C chemokines receptor type 7 (CCR7) and sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor on donor T cells. This was mediated in part by impaired activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway in the absence of Coro 1A. As a result of these alterations, donor T cells from Coro 1A(-/-) mice were not able to initially traffic to SLT or exit SLT after BM transplantation. However, this alteration did not abrogate the graft-versus-leukemia response. Our data suggest that blocking T-cell migration into and out of SLT is a valid approach to prevent aGvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeShara M Fulton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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32
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Hypertrophy of infected Peyer's patches arises from global, interferon-receptor, and CD69-independent shutdown of lymphocyte egress. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:892-904. [PMID: 24345804 PMCID: PMC4060605 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid organ hypertrophy is a hallmark of localized infection. During the inflammatory response, massive changes in lymphocyte recirculation and turnover boost lymphoid organ cellularity. Intriguingly, the exact nature of these changes remains undefined to date. Here, we report that hypertrophy of Salmonella-infected Peyer's patches (PPs) ensues from a global "shutdown" of lymphocyte egress, which traps recirculating lymphocytes in PPs. Surprisingly, infection-induced lymphocyte sequestration did not require previously proposed mediators of lymphoid organ shutdown including type I interferon receptor and CD69. In contrast, following T-cell receptor-mediated priming, CD69 was essential to selectively block CD4(+) effector T-cell egress. Our findings segregate two distinct lymphocyte sequestration mechanisms, which differentially rely on intrinsic modulation of lymphocyte egress capacity and inflammation-induced changes in the lymphoid organ environment.
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33
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Park SM, Angel CE, McIntosh JD, Brooks AES, Middleditch M, Chen CJJ, Ruggiero K, Cebon J, Rod Dunbar P. Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase is expressed by CD68+cells on the parenchymal side of marginal reticular cells in human lymph nodes. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2425-36. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saem Mul Park
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Catherine E. Angel
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Julie D. McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Anna E. S. Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Martin Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Chun-Jen J. Chen
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Katya Ruggiero
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Austin Health, Heidelberg; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - P. Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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34
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Kashem MA, Wa C, Wolak JP, Grafos NS, Ryan KR, Sanville-Ross ML, Fogarty KE, Rybina IV, Shoultz A, Molinaro T, Desai SN, Rajan A, Huber JD, Nelson RM. A High-Throughput Scintillation Proximity Assay for Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2014; 12:293-302. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2014.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Kashem
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Chunling Wa
- Department of Biotherapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - John P. Wolak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Nicholas S. Grafos
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Kelli R. Ryan
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Mary L. Sanville-Ross
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Kylie E. Fogarty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Irina V. Rybina
- Department of Biotherapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Alycia Shoultz
- Department of Biotherapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Teresa Molinaro
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Sudha N. Desai
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Anusha Rajan
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - John D. Huber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Richard M. Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
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35
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Kono M, Tucker AE, Tran J, Bergner JB, Turner EM, Proia RL. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 reporter mice reveal receptor activation sites in vivo. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2076-86. [PMID: 24667638 DOI: 10.1172/jci71194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the GPCR sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates key physiological processes. S1P1 activation also has been implicated in pathologic processes, including autoimmunity and inflammation; however, the in vivo sites of S1P1 activation under normal and disease conditions are unclear. Here, we describe the development of a mouse model that allows in vivo evaluation of S1P1 activation. These mice, known as S1P1 GFP signaling mice, produce a S1P1 fusion protein containing a transcription factor linked by a protease cleavage site at the C terminus as well as a β-arrestin/protease fusion protein. Activated S1P1 recruits the β-arrestin/protease, resulting in the release of the transcription factor, which stimulates the expression of a GFP reporter gene. Under normal conditions, S1P1 was activated in endothelial cells of lymphoid tissues and in cells in the marginal zone of the spleen, while administration of an S1P1 agonist promoted S1P1 activation in endothelial cells and hepatocytes. In S1P1 GFP signaling mice, LPS-mediated systemic inflammation activated S1P1 in endothelial cells and hepatocytes via hematopoietically derived S1P. These data demonstrate that S1P1 GFP signaling mice can be used to evaluate S1P1 activation and S1P1-active compounds in vivo. Furthermore, this strategy could be potentially applied to any GPCR to identify sites of receptor activation during normal physiology and disease.
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Abstract
The understanding of the role of the sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling system in immunology and host defense has deepened exponentially over the past 12 years since the discovery that lymphocyte egress was reversibly modulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, and with the development of fingolimod, a prodrug of a nonselective S1P receptor agonist, for therapeutic use in the treatment of relapsing, remitting multiple sclerosis. Innovative genetic and chemical approaches, together with structural biology, now provide a more detailed molecular understanding of a regulated lysophospholipid ligand with a variety of autocrine, paracrine, and systemic effects in physiology and pathology, based upon selective interactions with a high affinity and selective evolutionary cluster of G-protein-coupled receptors.
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37
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Blood, sphingosine-1-phosphate and lymphocyte migration dynamics in the spleen. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 378:107-28. [PMID: 24728595 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05879-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The spleen, the largest secondary lymphoid organ, has long been known to play important roles in immunity against blood-borne invaders. Yet how cells migrate within the spleen to ensure fast and effective responses is only now coming to light. Chemokines and oxysterols guide lymphocytes from sites of release at terminal arterioles into the lymphocyte-rich white pulp. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P-receptor-1 (S1PR1) promote lymphocyte egress from white to red pulp and back to circulation. Intravital two-photon microscopy has shown that marginal zone (MZ) B cells that are enriched between white and red pulps undergo continual oscillatory migration between the MZ and follicles, ferrying antigens. Cycles of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) mediated S1PR1 desensitization and resensitization underlie this remarkable behavior. The findings discussed in this review have implications for understanding how splenic antibody and T-cell responses are mounted, how the immunosuppressant drug FTY720 (fingolimod) affects the spleen, and how cell shuttling behaviors contribute to immunity.
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38
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Oldstone MBA, Rosen H. Cytokine storm plays a direct role in the morbidity and mortality from influenza virus infection and is chemically treatable with a single sphingosine-1-phosphate agonist molecule. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2014; 378:129-47. [PMID: 24728596 PMCID: PMC7121493 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05879-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine storm defines a dysregulation of and an excessively exaggerated immune response most often accompanying selected viral infections and several autoimmune diseases. Newly emerging and re-emerging infections of the respiratory tract, especially influenza, SARS, and hantavirus post considerable medical problems. Their morbidities and mortalities are often a direct result of cytokine storm. This chapter visits primarily influenza virus infection and resultant cytokine storm. It provides the compelling evidence that illuminates cytokine storm in influenza pathogenesis and the clear findings that cytokine storm is chemically tractable by therapy directed toward sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulation, specifically S1P1R agonist therapy. The mechanism(s) of how S1P1R signaling works and the pathways involved are subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. A. Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciiences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
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39
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Bolli MH, Abele S, Birker M, Bravo R, Bur D, de Kanter R, Kohl C, Grimont J, Hess P, Lescop C, Mathys B, Müller C, Nayler O, Rey M, Scherz M, Schmidt G, Seifert J, Steiner B, Velker J, Weller T. Novel S1P(1) receptor agonists--part 3: from thiophenes to pyridines. J Med Chem 2013; 57:110-30. [PMID: 24367923 DOI: 10.1021/jm4014696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In preceding communications we summarized our medicinal chemistry efforts leading to the identification of potent, selective, and orally active S1P1 agonists such as the thiophene derivative 1. As a continuation of these efforts, we replaced the thiophene in 1 by a 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridine and obtained less lipophilic, potent, and selective S1P1 agonists (e.g., 2) efficiently reducing blood lymphocyte count in the rat. Structural features influencing the compounds' receptor affinity profile and pharmacokinetics are discussed. In addition, the ability to penetrate brain tissue has been studied for several compounds. As a typical example for these pyridine based S1P1 agonists, compound 53 showed EC50 values of 0.6 and 352 nM for the S1P1 and S1P3 receptor, respectively, displayed favorable PK properties, and penetrated well into brain tissue. In the rat, compound 53 maximally reduced the blood lymphocyte count for at least 24 h after oral dosing of 3 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Bolli
- Drug Discovery Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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40
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Bolli MH, Velker J, Müller C, Mathys B, Birker M, Bravo R, Bur D, de Kanter R, Hess P, Kohl C, Lehmann D, Meyer S, Nayler O, Rey M, Scherz M, Steiner B. Novel S1P1 Receptor Agonists - Part 2: From Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-Fused Thiophenes to Isobutyl Substituted Thiophenes. J Med Chem 2013; 57:78-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401456d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin H. Bolli
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Velker
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Claus Müller
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Boris Mathys
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Birker
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Bravo
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bur
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ruben de Kanter
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hess
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Kohl
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - David Lehmann
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Solange Meyer
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nayler
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rey
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scherz
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Beat Steiner
- Drug Discovery
Chemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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41
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Defective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) phosphorylation exacerbates TH17-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:1166-72. [PMID: 24076635 PMCID: PMC4014310 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling regulates lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs into systemic circulation. Sphingosine phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist, FTY-720 (Gilenya™) arrests immune trafficking and prevents multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. However, alternative mechanisms of S1P-S1P1 signaling have been reported. Phosphoproteomic analysis of MS brain lesions revealed S1P1 phosphorylation on S351, a residue crucial for receptor internalization. Mutant mice harboring a S1pr1 gene encoding phosphorylation-deficient receptors [S1P1(S5A)] developed severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) due to T helper (TH) 17-mediated autoimmunity in the peripheral immune and nervous system. S1P1 directly activated Janus-like kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK-STAT3) pathway via interleukin 6 (IL-6). Impaired S1P1 phosphorylation enhances TH17 polarization and exacerbates autoimmune neuroinflammation. These mechanisms may be pathogenic in MS.
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42
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Pritchard AJ, Dev KK. The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in the treatment of demyelinating diseases. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are a family of G-protein coupled receptors composed of subtypes S1PR1–5 and activated by the endogenous ligand sphingosine 1-phosphate. S1PRs are modulated by the recently approved oral therapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, called fingolimod (FTY720). The phosphorylated version of FTY720 (pFTY720) is a pan-S1PR agonist, with the exception of S1PR2. This drug promotes the internalization of S1PR1s in T cells and is said to act as a ‘functional antagonist’ making lymphocytes ‘blind’ to sphingosine 1-phosphate gradients and limiting cell egress from lymph nodes. This immunomodulatory effect of pFTY720 is proposed to be the prime mechanism by which this compound is efficacious in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Importantly, however, S1PRs are also expressed in many other cell types, for example, cells of the cardiovascular system and the CNS. Studies have shown that pFTY720 enters the CNS and that modulation of S1PRs can alter the cellular physiology of neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. These works are suggestive of a potential role for S1PRs expressed in brain cells as targets for pFTY720. This article reviews the role of S1PRs in oligodendrocytes. The authors start by first debating whether pFTY720-mediated internalization of S1PRs causes ‘functional antagonism’ and/or ‘pathway-specific continued signaling’. The authors then describe the signaling pathways that are modulated by S1PRs expressed in oligodendrocytes and also outline the role of S1PRs in oligodendrocyte differentiation, process extension, survival and migration. Finally, the authors discuss the in vitro studies that suggest pFTY720 promotes myelination state versus the in vivo studies that suggest pFTY720 may not alter myelination. The authors conclude by suggesting that S1PRs in the CNS may be of potential use as drug targets not only for multiple sclerosis, but possibly for a number of other demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Pritchard
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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43
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Ishii M, Fujimori S, Kaneko T, Kikuta J. Dynamic live imaging of bone: opening a new era with 'bone histodynametry'. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:507-11. [PMID: 23546817 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in optical imaging with two-photon excitation microscopy have enabled visualization of the inside of intact bone tissues in living animals. Using these advanced techniques, the dynamic behaviors of live bone cells and static histological information on bone tissue structures can be elucidated. The migration and positioning of osteoclast precursor monocytes, the bone-resorbing function of mature osteoclasts, and its functional coupling with bone-replenishing osteoblasts have been evaluated, including their dynamic properties in intact live bones. This novel 'bone histodynametric' methodology, combined with conventional histomorphometric analyses, will surely contribute to opening of a new era in bone and mineral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ishii
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan,
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44
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Selley DE, Welch SP, Sim-Selley LJ. Sphingosine lysolipids in the CNS: endogenous cannabinoid antagonists or a parallel pain modulatory system? Life Sci 2013; 93:187-93. [PMID: 23782998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of patients experience chronic pain and the intractable side effects of currently prescribed pain medications. Recent evidence indicates important pain-modulatory roles for two classes of G-protein-coupled receptors that are activated by endogenous lipid ligands, the endocannabinoid (eCB) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, which are widely expressed in both the immune and nervous systems. In the central nervous system (CNS), CB1 cannabinoid and S1P1 receptors are most abundantly expressed and exhibit overlapping anatomical distributions and similar signaling mechanisms. The eCB system has emerged as a potential target for treatment of chronic pain, but comparatively little is known about the roles of S1P in pain regulation. Both eCB and S1P systems modulate pain perception via the central and peripheral nervous systems. In most paradigms studied, the eCB system mainly inhibits pain perception. In contrast, S1P acting peripherally at S1P1 and S1P3 receptors can enhance sensitivity to various pain stimuli or elicit spontaneous pain. However, S1P acting at S1P1 receptors and possibly other targets in the CNS can attenuate sensitivity to various pain stimuli. Interestingly, other endogenous sphingolipid derivatives might play a role in central pain sensitization. Moreover, these sphingolipids can also act as CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists, but the physiological relevance of this interaction is unknown. Overall, both eCB and sphingolipid systems offer promising targets for the treatment of chronic pain. This review compares and contrasts the eCB and S1P systems with a focus on their roles in pain modulation, and considers possible points of interaction between these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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Xu H, McElvain M, Fiorino M, Henkle B, Sherman L, Xu Y, Tominey E, Kelley K, Adlam M, Bürli R, Siu J, Wong M, Cee VJ. Predictability of Peripheral Lymphocyte Reduction of Novel S1P1 Agonists by In Vitro GPCR Signaling Profile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 18:997-1007. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057113488629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surrogate readouts of G-protein–coupled receptor signaling pathways using highly engineered systems are often employed in the drug discovery process. However, accumulating data have demonstrated the importance of selecting relevant biological activity rather than technically facile assays to support high-throughout screening and subsequent structure-activity relationship studies. Here we report a case study using sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) as the model system to compare compound activity in six different in vitro assays with their ability to predict in vivo efficacy. S1P1 has long been validated as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. In this article, in vivo and in vitro studies on 19 S1P1 agonists are reported. In vitro activities of these S1P1 agonists, together with S1P and FTY720p, on Ca2+ mobilization, adenylyl cyclase inhibition, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, β-arrestin recruitment, and receptor internalization, were determined. The in vitro potency of these compounds was correlated with their ability to induce peripheral lymphocyte reduction. The results revealed that inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and induction of β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization are good indicators to predict in vivo efficacy, whereas induction of Ca2+ mobilization through Gqi/5 coupling and ERK phosphorylation is irrelevant. This study demonstrated the importance of identifying an appropriate in vitro assay to predict in vivo activity based on the biological relevance in the drug discovery setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Michele McElvain
- Department of Molecular Structure and Characterization, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Mike Fiorino
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Brad Henkle
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Sherman
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tominey
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Advanced Pain Care, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Keith Kelley
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Matt Adlam
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Roland Bürli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, MedImmune AKB, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jerry Siu
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
- Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Maalov, Denmark
| | - Min Wong
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Victor J. Cee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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Masopust D, Schenkel JM. The integration of T cell migration, differentiation and function. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:309-20. [PMID: 23598650 DOI: 10.1038/nri3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells function locally. Accordingly, T cells' recognition of antigen, their subsequent activation and differentiation, and their role in the processes of infection control, tumour eradication, autoimmunity, allergy and alloreactivity are intrinsically coupled with migration. Recent discoveries revise our understanding of the regulation and patterns of T cell trafficking and reveal limitations in current paradigms. Here, we review classic and emerging concepts, highlight the challenge of integrating new observations with existing T cell classification schemes and summarize the heuristic framework provided by viewing T cell differentiation and function first through the prism of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Dissecting influenza virus pathogenesis uncovers a novel chemical approach to combat the infection. Virology 2013; 435:92-101. [PMID: 23217619 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine storm is an aggressive immune response characterized by the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes and exaggerated levels of cytokines and chemokines at the site of infection. Here we review evidence that cytokine storm directly contributes to the morbidity and mortality resulting from influenza virus infection and that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonists can abort cytokine storms providing significant protection against pathogenic human influenza viral infections. In experiments using murine models and the human pathogenic 2009 influenza viruses, S1P1 receptor agonist alone reduced deaths from influenza virus by over 80% as compared to lesser protection (50%) offered by the antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir. Optimal protection of 96% was achieved by combined therapy with the S1P1 receptor agonist and oseltamivir. The functional mechanism of S1P receptor agonist(s) action and the predominant role played by pulmonary endothelial cells as amplifiers of cytokine storm during influenza infection are described.
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Lessons learned and concepts formed from study of the pathogenesis of the two negative-strand viruses lymphocytic choriomeningitis and influenza. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:4180-3. [PMID: 23341590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222025110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have unique lifestyles. To describe the pathogenesis and significance of viral infection in terms of host responses, resultant injury, and therapy, we focused on two RNA viruses: lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) and influenza (Flu). Many of the currently established concepts and consequences about viruses and immunologic tolerance, virus-induced immunosuppression, virus-induced autoimmunity, immune complex disease, and virus-lymphocyte and virus-dendritic cell interactions evolved through studies of LCMV in its natural murine host. Similarly, the mechanisms, aftermath, and treatment of persistent RNA viruses emerged, in large part, from research on LCMV. Analysis of acute influenza virus infections uncovered the prominent direct role that cytokine storm plays in the pathogenesis, morbidity, and mortality from this disease. Cytokine storm of influenza virus infection is initiated via a pulmonary endothelial cell amplification loop involving IFN-producing cells and virus-infected pulmonary epithelial cells. Importantly, the cytokine storm is chemically treatable with specific agonist therapy directed to the sphingosphine 1 phosphate receptor 1, which is located on pulmonary endothelial cells, pointing to the endothelial cells as the gatekeepers of this hyperaggressive host immune response.
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Abbasi T, Garcia JGN. Sphingolipids in lung endothelial biology and regulation of vascular integrity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:201-26. [PMID: 23563658 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1511-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Of the multiple and diverse homeostatic events that involve the lung vascular endothelium, participation in preserving vascular integrity and therefore organ function is paramount. We were the first to show that the lipid growth factor and angiogenic factor, sphingosine-1-phosphate, is a critical agonist involved in regulation of human lung vascular barrier function (Garcia et al. J Clin Invest, 2011). Utilizing both in vitro models and preclinical murine, rat, and canine models of acute and chronic inflammatory lung injury, we have shown that S1Ps, as well as multiple S1P analogues such as FTY720 and ftysiponate, serve as protective agents limiting the disruption of the vascular EC monolayer in the pulmonary microcirculation and attenuate parenchymal accumulation of inflammatory cells and high protein containing extravasated fluid, thereby reducing interstitial and alveolar edema. The vasculo-protective mechanism of these therapeutic effects occurs via ligation of specific G-protein-coupled receptors and an intricate interplay of S1P with other factors (such as MAPKS, ROCKs, Rho, Rac1) with rearrangement of the endothelial cytoskeleton to form strong cortical actin rings in the cell periphery and enhanced cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix tethering dynamics. This cascade leads to reinforcement of focal adhesions and paracellular junctional complexes via cadherin, paxillin, catenins, and zona occludens. S1P through its interaction with Rac and Rho influences the cytoskeletal rearrangement indicated in the later stages of angiogenesis as a stabilizing force, preventing excessive vascular permeability. These properties translate into a therapeutic potential for acute and chronic inflammatory lung injuries. S1P has potential for providing a paradigm shift in the approach to disruption of critical endothelial gatekeeper function, loss of lung vascular integrity, and increased vascular permeability, defining features of acute lung injury (ALI), and may prove to exhibit an intrinsically protective role in the pulmonary vasculature ameliorating agonist- or sepsis-induced pulmonary injury and vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimur Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Arnon TI, Horton RM, Grigorova IL, Cyster JG. Visualization of splenic marginal zone B-cell shuttling and follicular B-cell egress. Nature 2012; 493:684-8. [PMID: 23263181 PMCID: PMC3561487 DOI: 10.1038/nature11738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The splenic marginal zone is a unique microenvironment where resident immune cells are exposed to the open blood circulation. Even though it has an important role in responses against blood-borne antigens, lymphocyte migration in the marginal zone has not been intravitally visualized due to challenges associated with achieving adequate imaging depth in this abdominal organ. Here we develop a two-photon microscopy procedure to study marginal zone and follicular B-cell movement in the live mouse spleen. We show that marginal zone B cells are highly motile and exhibit long membrane extensions. Marginal zone B cells shuttle between the marginal zone and follicles with at least one-fifth of the cells exchanging between compartments per hour, a behaviour that explains their ability to deliver antigens rapidly from the open blood circulation to the secluded follicles. Follicular B cells also transit from follicles to the marginal zone, but unlike marginal zone B cells, they fail to undergo integrin-mediated adhesion, become caught in fluid flow and are carried into the red pulp. Follicular B-cell egress via the marginal zone is sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1)-dependent. This study shows that marginal zone B cells migrate continually between marginal zone and follicles and establishes the marginal zone as a site of S1PR1-dependent B-cell exit from follicles. The results also show how adhesive differences of similar cells critically influence their behaviour in the same microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal I Arnon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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