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Ferranti AS, Luessen DJ, Niswender CM. Novel pharmacological targets for GABAergic dysfunction in ADHD. Neuropharmacology 2024; 249:109897. [PMID: 38462041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects approximately 5% of the population. The disorder is characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and deficits in attention and cognition, although symptoms vary across patients due to the heterogenous and polygenic nature of the disorder. Stimulant medications are the standard of care treatment for ADHD patients, and their effectiveness has led to the dopaminergic hypothesis of ADHD in which deficits in dopaminergic signaling, especially in cortical brain regions, mechanistically underly ADHD pathophysiology. Despite their effectiveness in many individuals, almost one-third of patients do not respond to stimulant treatments and the long-term negative side effects of these medications remain unclear. Emerging clinical evidence is beginning to highlight an important role of dysregulated excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in ADHD. These deficits in E/I balance are related to functional abnormalities in glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) signaling in the brain, with increasing emphasis placed on GABAergic interneurons driving specific aspects of ADHD pathophysiology. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also highlighted how genes associated with GABA function are mutated in human populations with ADHD, resulting in the generation of several new genetic mouse models of ADHD. This review will discuss how GABAergic dysfunction underlies ADHD pathophysiology, and how specific receptors/proteins related to GABAergic interneuron dysfunction may be pharmacologically targeted to treat ADHD in subpopulations with specific comorbidities and symptom domains. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Ferranti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Deborah J Luessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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2
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Rodriguez LA, Tran MN, Garcia-Flores R, Oh S, Phillips RA, Pattie EA, Divecha HR, Kim SH, Shin JH, Lee YK, Montoya C, Jaffe AE, Collado-Torres L, Page SC, Martinowich K. TrkB-dependent regulation of molecular signaling across septal cell types. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:52. [PMID: 38263132 PMCID: PMC10805920 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS), a GABAergic structure located in the basal forebrain, is implicated in social behavior, learning, and memory. We previously demonstrated that expression of tropomyosin kinase receptor B (TrkB) in LS neurons is required for social novelty recognition. To better understand molecular mechanisms by which TrkB signaling controls behavior, we locally knocked down TrkB in LS and used bulk RNA-sequencing to identify changes in gene expression downstream of TrkB. TrkB knockdown induces upregulation of genes associated with inflammation and immune responses, and downregulation of genes associated with synaptic signaling and plasticity. Next, we generated one of the first atlases of molecular profiles for LS cell types using single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq). We identified markers for the septum broadly, and the LS specifically, as well as for all neuronal cell types. We then investigated whether the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by TrkB knockdown map to specific LS cell types. Enrichment testing identified that downregulated DEGs are broadly expressed across neuronal clusters. Enrichment analyses of these DEGs demonstrated that downregulated genes are uniquely expressed in the LS, and associated with either synaptic plasticity or neurodevelopmental disorders. Upregulated genes are enriched in LS microglia, associated with immune response and inflammation, and linked to both neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, many of these genes are implicated in regulating social behaviors. In summary, the findings implicate TrkB signaling in the LS as a critical regulator of gene networks associated with psychiatric disorders that display social deficits, including schizophrenia and autism, and with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel A Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Nguyen Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Renee Garcia-Flores
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Seyun Oh
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert A Phillips
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Pattie
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Heena R Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sun Hong Kim
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yong Kyu Lee
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Carly Montoya
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C Page
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Huang J, Mauche N, Ahlers E, Bogatsch H, Böhme P, Ethofer T, Fallgatter AJ, Gallinat J, Hegerl U, Heuser I, Hoffmann K, Kittel-Schneider S, Reif A, Schöttle D, Unterecker S, Strauß M. The impact of emotional dysregulation and comorbid depressive symptoms on clinical features, brain arousal, and treatment response in adults with ADHD. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1294314. [PMID: 38250266 PMCID: PMC10797130 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1294314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of emotional dysregulation (ED) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become an important issue. This study, in which we analyzed data from a predictive pharmaco-EEG-trial, aimed to examine whether symptoms of ED in adult ADHD affect ADHD symptom severity, brain arousal regulation as measured by resting EEG, and the response to stimulant medication. Methods ED is defined as having a sex- and age-corrected T-score of >70 on the emotional lability subscale of the German version of Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale. A total of 115 participants were included in the study, 56 of whom had ED. Participants with ED were more impaired in terms of the severity of core ADHD symptoms, especially inattentive symptoms, comorbid depressive symptoms, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life. In addition, participants with ED were more likely to report a total score above 13 on the Beck Depression Inventory-II, which was considered to be the cutoff for mild depression. Results No differences were found between the ED and non-ED groups in response to stimulant medication or in brain arousal regulation. In addition, there was no significant effect of ED with comorbid depressive symptoms on treatment response. There was a trend for subgroups that showed a change in brain arousal regulation associated with symptom improvement. Discussion Our findings may support the assumption that ED may be an important feature of ADHD. The use of EEG-based brain arousal regulation as a diagnostic and predictive tool in ADHD in the presence of ED and comorbid depressive symptoms should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Mauche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eike Ahlers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Bogatsch
- Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre Böhme
- Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt – Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Hoffmann
- Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt – Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Schöttle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Strauß
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Frazier JA, Li X, Kong X, Hooper SR, Joseph RM, Cochran DM, Kim S, Fry RC, Brennan PA, Msall ME, Fichorova RN, Hertz-Picciotto I, Daniels JL, Lai JS, Boles RE, Zvara BJ, Jalnapurkar I, Schweitzer JB, Singh R, Posner J, Bennett DH, Kuban KCK, O'Shea TM. Perinatal Factors and Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral Dysregulation in Childhood and Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1351-1362. [PMID: 37207889 PMCID: PMC10654259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cohort study assessed perinatal factors known to be related to maternal and neonatal inflammation and hypothesized that several would be associated with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dysregulation in youth. METHOD The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) is a research consortium of 69 pediatric longitudinal cohorts. A subset of 18 cohorts that had both Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) data on children (6-18 years) and information on perinatal exposures including maternal prenatal infections was used. Children were classified as having the CBCL-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) if the sum of their T scores for 3 CBCL subscales (attention, anxious/depressed, and aggression) was ≥180. Primary exposures were perinatal factors associated with maternal and/or neonatal inflammation, and associations between these and outcome were assessed. RESULTS Approximately 13.4% of 4,595 youth met criteria for CBCL-DP. Boys were affected more than girls (15.1% vs 11.5%). More youth with CBCL-DP (35%) were born to mothers with prenatal infections compared with 28% of youth without CBCL-DP. Adjusted odds ratios indicated the following were significantly associated with dysregulation: having a first-degree relative with a psychiatric disorder; being born to a mother with lower educational attainment, who was obese, had any prenatal infection, and/or who smoked tobacco during pregnancy. CONCLUSION In this large study, a few modifiable maternal risk factors with established roles in inflammation (maternal lower education, obesity, prenatal infections, and smoking) were strongly associated with CBCL-DP and could be targets for interventions to improve behavioral outcomes of offspring. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worchester, Massachusetts.
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - David M Cochran
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worchester, Massachusetts
| | - Sohye Kim
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worchester, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Michael E Msall
- University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, and Kennedy Research Center on Intellectual and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Jin-Shei Lai
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard E Boles
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Isha Jalnapurkar
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worchester, Massachusetts
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Rodriguez LA, Tran MN, Garcia-Flores R, Pattie EA, Divecha HR, Kim SH, Shin JH, Lee YK, Montoya C, Jaffe AE, Collado-Torres L, Page SC, Martinowich K. TrkB-dependent regulation of molecular signaling across septal cell types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.547069. [PMID: 37425939 PMCID: PMC10327212 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS), a GABAergic structure located in the basal forebrain, is implicated in social behavior, learning and memory. We previously demonstrated that expression of tropomyosin kinase receptor B (TrkB) in LS neurons is required for social novelty recognition. To better understand molecular mechanisms by which TrkB signaling controls behavior, we locally knocked down TrkB in LS and used bulk RNA-sequencing to identify changes in gene expression downstream of TrkB. TrkB knockdown induces upregulation of genes associated with inflammation and immune responses, and downregulation of genes associated with synaptic signaling and plasticity. Next, we generated one of the first atlases of molecular profiles for LS cell types using single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq). We identified markers for the septum broadly, and the LS specifically, as well as for all neuronal cell types. We then investigated whether the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by TrkB knockdown map to specific LS cell types. Enrichment testing identified that downregulated DEGs are broadly expressed across neuronal clusters. Enrichment analyses of these DEGs demonstrated that downregulated genes are uniquely expressed in the LS, and associated with either synaptic plasticity or neurodevelopmental disorders. Upregulated genes are enriched in LS microglia, associated with immune response and inflammation, and linked to both neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, many of these genes are implicated in regulating social behaviors. In summary, the findings implicate TrkB signaling in the LS as a critical regulator of gene networks associated with psychiatric disorders that display social deficits, including schizophrenia and autism, and with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel A. Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Nguyen Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Renee Garcia-Flores
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Pattie
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Heena R. Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sun Hong Kim
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yong Kyu Lee
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Carly Montoya
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Page
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Maternal preconception circulating blood biomarker mixtures, child behavioural symptom scores and the potential mediating role of neonatal brain microstructure: the S-PRESTO cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:38. [PMID: 36737601 PMCID: PMC9898508 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brain development starts in the embryonic period. Maternal preconception nutrition and nutrient availability to the embryo may influence brain development at this critical period following conception and early cellular differentiation, thereby affecting offspring neurodevelopmental and behavioural disorder risk. However, studying this is challenging due to difficulties in characterizing preconception nutritional status and few studies have objective neurodevelopmental imaging measures in children. We investigated the associations of maternal preconception circulating blood nutrient-related biomarker mixtures (~15 weeks before conception) with child behavioural symptoms (Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), aged 3 years) within the Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes (S-PRESTO) study. The CBCL preschool form evaluates child behaviours based on syndrome scales and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) oriented scales. These scales consist of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, anxiety problems, pervasive developmental problems, oppositional defiant, etc. We applied data-driven clustering and a method for modelling mixtures (Bayesian kernel machine regression, BKMR) to account for complex, non-linear dependencies between 67 biomarkers. We used effect decomposition analyses to explore the potential mediating role of neonatal (week 1) brain microstructure, specifically orientation dispersion indices (ODI) of 49 cortical and subcortical grey matter regions. We found that higher levels of a nutrient cluster including thiamine, thiamine monophosphate (TMP), pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxic acid, and pyridoxal were associated with a higher CBCL score for internalizing problems (posterior inclusion probability (PIP) = 0.768). Specifically, thiamine independently influenced CBCL (Conditional PIP = 0.775). Higher maternal preconception thiamine level was also associated with a lower right subthalamic nucleus ODI (P-value = 0.01) while a lower right subthalamic nucleus ODI was associated with higher CBCL scores for multiple domains (P-value < 0.05). One potential mechanism is the suboptimal metabolism of free thiamine to active vitamin B1, but additional follow-up and replication studies in other cohorts are needed.
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Odintsova VV, Hagenbeek FA, van der Laan CM, van de Weijer S, Boomsma DI. Genetics and epigenetics of human aggression. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 197:13-44. [PMID: 37633706 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821375-9.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial variation between humans in aggressive behavior, with its biological etiology and molecular genetic basis mostly unknown. This review chapter offers an overview of genomic and omics studies revealing the genetic contribution to aggression and first insights into associations with epigenetic and other omics (e.g., metabolomics) profiles. We allowed for a broad phenotype definition including studies on "aggression," "aggressive behavior," or "aggression-related traits," "antisocial behavior," "conduct disorder," and "oppositional defiant disorder." Heritability estimates based on family and twin studies in children and adults of this broadly defined phenotype of aggression are around 50%, with relatively small fluctuations around this estimate. Next, we review the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) which search for associations with alleles and also allow for gene-based tests and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) which seek to identify associations with differently methylated regions across the genome. Both GWAS and EWAS allow for construction of Polygenic and DNA methylation scores at an individual level. Currently, these predict a small percentage of variance in aggression. We expect that increases in sample size will lead to additional discoveries in GWAS and EWAS, and that multiomics approaches will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika V Odintsova
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Mental Health Division, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona A Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Mental Health Division, Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel M van der Laan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steve van de Weijer
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abdulkadir M, Yu D, Osiecki L, King RA, Fernandez TV, Brown LW, Cheon KA, Coffey BJ, Garcia-Delgar B, Gilbert DL, Grice DE, Hagstrøm J, Hedderly T, Heyman I, Hong HJ, Huyser C, Ibanez-Gomez L, Kim YK, Kim YS, Koh YJ, Kook S, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Madruga-Garrido M, Maras A, Mir P, Morer A, Münchau A, Plessen KJ, Roessner V, Shin EY, Song DH, Song J, Visscher F, Zinner SH, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Tischfield JA, Heiman GA, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ. Investigation of gene-environment interactions in relation to tic severity. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1757-1765. [PMID: 34389898 PMCID: PMC8536549 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with involvement of genetic and environmental factors. We investigated genetic loci previously implicated in Tourette syndrome and associated disorders in interaction with pre- and perinatal adversity in relation to tic severity using a case-only (N = 518) design. We assessed 98 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from (I) top SNPs from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of TS; (II) top SNPs from GWASs of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (III) SNPs previously implicated in candidate-gene studies of TS; (IV) SNPs previously implicated in OCD or ASD; and (V) tagging SNPs in neurotransmitter-related candidate genes. Linear regression models were used to examine the main effects of the SNPs on tic severity, and the interaction effect of these SNPs with a cumulative pre- and perinatal adversity score. Replication was sought for SNPs that met the threshold of significance (after correcting for multiple testing) in a replication sample (N = 678). One SNP (rs7123010), previously implicated in a TS meta-analysis, was significantly related to higher tic severity. We found a gene-environment interaction for rs6539267, another top TS GWAS SNP. These findings were not independently replicated. Our study highlights the future potential of TS GWAS top hits in gene-environment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulkadir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lisa Osiecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Robert A King
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Thomas V Fernandez
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Lawrence W Brown
- Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Program, Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Keun-Ah Cheon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Barbara J Coffey
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Blanca Garcia-Delgar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Donald L Gilbert
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Julie Hagstrøm
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tammy Hedderly
- Evelina London Children's Hospital GSTT, Kings Health Partners AHSC, London, UK
| | - Isobel Heyman
- Psychological Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Hyun Ju Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi, 14068, South Korea
| | - Chaim Huyser
- Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry De Bascule, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Young Key Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei Bom Clinic, Seoul, 03330, South Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yun-Joo Koh
- Korea Institute for Children's Social Development, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sodahm Kook
- Yonsei-Nuri Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, 08005, South Korea
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bennett Leventhal
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Marcos Madruga-Garrido
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Athanasios Maras
- Yulius Academy, Yulius Mental Health Organization, 3311 JG, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del MovimientoInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSICUniversidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Astrid Morer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic Universitari Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIPABS) and Centro de Investigacion en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems of Motor Science, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kerstin J Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Song
- Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jungeun Song
- Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10444, South Korea
| | - Frank Visscher
- Admiraal De Ruyter Ziekenhuis, Department of Neurology, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel H Zinner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1925 NE Pacific Street, Box 356524, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carol A Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for OCD, Anxiety and Related Disorders, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jeremiah M Scharf
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gary A Heiman
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Greenlee JL, Stelter CR, Piro-Gambetti B, Hartley SL. Trajectories of Dysregulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 50:858-873. [PMID: 33872096 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1907752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study determined whether child and family environment factors are associated with differences in developmental trajectories of emotional and behavioral dysregulation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Method: Participants included 186 families of a child with ASD (5-12 years old at baseline; 86% male; 83% non-Hispanic Caucasian; 35% comorbid intellectual disability). At each of the four time points (each spaced 12 months apart), mothers and fathers within each family completed well-validated measures on their own mental health, their child's dysregulation, their parent-child relationship, and their parent couple relationship. Longitudinal multi-level modeling was used to describe trajectories of dysregulation across 3 years and test whether parent depression, closeness in the parent-child relationship, and positive parent dyadic coping were associated with differences in child trajectories.Results: On average, child dysregulation decreased across time. Closer mother-child and father-child relationship quality was associated with lower baseline dysregulation. More severe child restricted and repetitive behaviors, fewer maternal depression symptoms, and more positive parent dyadic coping were associated with declines in child dysregulation over time.Conclusions: On average, children with ASD become less dysregulated across time. However, there is important variability in dysregulation trajectories of children with ASD. Children with ASD who have a high (versus low) severity of restricted and repetitive behaviors appear to be at risk for greater dysregulation. The family environment, and specifically a closer parent-child relationship, better maternal mental health, and more positive couple coping, may contribute to a pattern of improved child regulation across time in ASD.
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10
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Hess JL, Nguyen NH, Suben J, Meath RM, Albert AB, Van Orman S, Anders KM, Forken PJ, Roe CA, Schulze TG, Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. Gene co-expression networks in peripheral blood capture dimensional measures of emotional and behavioral problems from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:328. [PMID: 32968041 PMCID: PMC7511314 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) introduced the research domain criteria (RDoC) initiative to promote the integration of information across multiple units of analysis (i.e., brain circuits, physiology, behavior, self-reports) to better understand the basic dimensions of behavior and cognitive functioning underlying normal and abnormal mental conditions. Along those lines, this study examined the association between peripheral blood gene expression levels and emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children. Children were chosen from two age- and sex-matched groups: those with or without parental reports of any prior or current psychiatric diagnosis. RNA-sequencing was performed on whole blood from 96 probands aged 6-12 years who were medication-free at the time of assessment. Module eigengenes were derived using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Associations were tested between module eigengene expression levels and eight syndrome scales from parent ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Nine out of the 36 modules were significantly associated with at least one syndrome scale measured by the CBCL (i.e., aggression, social problems, attention problems, and/or thought problems) after accounting for covariates and correcting for multiple testing. Our study demonstrates that variation in peripheral blood gene expression relates to emotional and behavioral profiles in children. If replicated and validated, our results may help in identifying problem or at-risk behavior in pediatric populations, and in elucidating the biological pathways that modulate complex human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Hess
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas H Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jesse Suben
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M Meath
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Avery B Albert
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Van Orman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kristin M Anders
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Patricia J Forken
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl A Roe
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Medical Center of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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11
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Genetic and epigenetic analyses of panic disorder in the post-GWAS era. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1517-1526. [PMID: 32388794 PMCID: PMC7578165 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Panic disorder (PD) is a common and debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by panic attacks coupled with excessive anxiety. Both genetic factors and environmental factors play an important role in PD pathogenesis and response to treatment. However, PD is clinically heterogeneous and genetically complex, and the exact genetic or environmental causes of this disorder remain unclear. Various approaches for detecting disease-causing genes have recently been made available. In particular, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have attracted attention for the identification of disease-associated loci of multifactorial disorders. This review introduces GWAS of PD, followed by a discussion about the limitations of GWAS and the major challenges facing geneticists in the post-GWAS era. Alternative strategies to address these challenges are then proposed, such as epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) and rare variant association studies (RVAS) using next-generation sequencing. To date, however, few reports have described these analyses, and the evidence remains insufficient to confidently identify or exclude rare variants or epigenetic changes in PD. Further analyses are therefore required, using sample sizes in the tens of thousands, extensive functional annotations, and highly targeted hypothesis testing.
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12
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Genomics of human aggression: current state of genome-wide studies and an automated systematic review tool. Psychiatr Genet 2020; 29:170-190. [PMID: 31464998 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There are substantial differences, or variation, between humans in aggression, with its molecular genetic basis mostly unknown. This review summarizes knowledge on the genetic contribution to variation in aggression with the following three foci: (1) a comprehensive overview of reviews on the genetics of human aggression, (2) a systematic review of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and (3) an automated tool for the selection of literature based on supervised machine learning. The phenotype definition 'aggression' (or 'aggressive behaviour', or 'aggression-related traits') included anger, antisocial behaviour, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. The literature search was performed in multiple databases, manually and using a novel automated selection tool, resulting in 18 reviews and 17 GWASs of aggression. Heritability estimates of aggression in children and adults are around 50%, with relatively small fluctuations around this estimate. In 17 GWASs, 817 variants were reported as suggestive (P ≤ 1.0E), including 10 significant associations (P ≤ 5.0E). Nominal associations (P ≤ 1E) were found in gene-based tests for genes involved in immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. Associations were not replicated across GWASs. A complete list of variants and their position in genes and chromosomes are available online. The automated literature search tool produced literature not found by regular search strategies. Aggression in humans is heritable, but its genetic basis remains to be uncovered. No sufficiently large GWASs have been carried out yet. With increases in sample size, we expect aggression to behave like other complex human traits for which GWAS has been successful.
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13
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Alia-Klein N, Gan G, Gilam G, Bezek J, Bruno A, Denson TF, Hendler T, Lowe L, Mariotti V, Muscatello MR, Palumbo S, Pellegrini S, Pietrini P, Rizzo A, Verona E. The feeling of anger: From brain networks to linguistic expressions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:480-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Lackie RE, Razzaq AR, Farhan SMK, Qiu LR, Moshitzky G, Beraldo FH, Lopes MH, Maciejewski A, Gros R, Fan J, Choy WY, Greenberg DS, Martins VR, Duennwald ML, Lerch JP, Soreq H, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Modulation of hippocampal neuronal resilience during aging by the Hsp70/Hsp90 co-chaperone STI1. J Neurochem 2019; 153:727-758. [PMID: 31562773 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone networks are dysregulated with aging, but whether compromised Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone function disturbs neuronal resilience is unknown. Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STI1; STIP1; HOP) is a co-chaperone that simultaneously interacts with Hsp70 and Hsp90, but whose function in vivo remains poorly understood. We combined in-depth analysis of chaperone genes in human datasets, analysis of a neuronal cell line lacking STI1 and of a mouse line with a hypomorphic Stip1 allele to investigate the requirement for STI1 in aging. Our experiments revealed that dysfunctional STI1 activity compromised Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone network and neuronal resilience. The levels of a set of Hsp90 co-chaperones and client proteins were selectively affected by reduced levels of STI1, suggesting that their stability depends on functional Hsp70/Hsp90 machinery. Analysis of human databases revealed a subset of co-chaperones, including STI1, whose loss of function is incompatible with life in mammals, albeit they are not essential in yeast. Importantly, mice expressing a hypomorphic STI1 allele presented spontaneous age-dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration and reduced hippocampal volume, with consequent spatial memory deficit. We suggest that impaired STI1 function compromises Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone activity in mammals and can by itself cause age-dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration in mice. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lackie
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul R Razzaq
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sali M K Farhan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilli Moshitzky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Flavio H Beraldo
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marilene H Lopes
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrzej Maciejewski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jue Fan
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wing-Yiu Choy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vilma R Martins
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Keefer A, Singh V, Kalb LG, Mazefsky CA, Vasa RA. Investigating the factor structure of the child behavior checklist dysregulation profile in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2019; 13:436-443. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Keefer
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
| | - Vini Singh
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland
| | - Luther G. Kalb
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland
| | - Carla A. Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Roma A. Vasa
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
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16
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Chong CH, Li Q, Mak PHS, Ng CCP, Leung EHW, Tan VH, Chan AKW, McAlonan G, Chan SY. Lrrc7 mutant mice model developmental emotional dysregulation that can be alleviated by mGluR5 allosteric modulation. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:244. [PMID: 31582721 PMCID: PMC6776540 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
LRRC7 has been identified as a candidate gene for severe childhood emotional dysregulation. Direct experimental evidence for a role of LRRC7 in the disease is needed, as is a better understanding of its impact on neuronal structure and signaling, and hence potential treatment targets. Here, we generated and analyzed an Lrrc7 mutant mouse line. Consistent with a critical role of LRRC7 in emotional regulation, mutant mice had inappropriate juvenile aggressive behavior and significant anxiety-like behavior and social dysfunction in adulthood. The pivotal role of mGluR5 signaling was demonstrated by rescue of behavioral defects with augmentation of mGluR5 receptor activity by 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB). Intra-peritoneal injection of CDPPB alleviated abnormal juvenile behavior, as well as anxiety-like behavior and hypersociability at adulthood. Furthermore, mutant primary neurons had impaired neurite outgrowth which was rescued by CDPPB treatment. In conclusion, Lrrc7 mutant mice provide a valuable tool to model childhood emotional dysregulation and persistent mental health comorbidities. Moreover, our data highlight an important role of LRRC7 in mGluR5 signaling, which is a potential new treatment target for anxiety and social dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ho Chong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priscilla Hoi Shan Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cypress Chun Pong Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva Hin Wa Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vicky Huiqi Tan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Kin Wang Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- The Sackler Centre for Translational Neurodevelopment and The Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Manchia M, Comai S, Pinna M, Pinna F, Fanos V, Denovan-Wright E, Carpiniello B. Biomarkers in aggression. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 93:169-237. [PMID: 31655730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior exerts an enormous impact on society remaining among the main causes of worldwide premature death. Effective primary interventions, relying on predictive models of aggression that show adequate sensitivity and specificity are currently lacking. One strategy to increase the accuracy and precision of prediction would be to include biological data in the predictive models. Clearly, to be included in such models, biological markers should be reliably associated with the specific trait under study (i.e., diagnostic biomarkers). Aggression, however, is phenotypically highly heterogeneous, an element that has hindered the identification of reliable biomarkers. However, current research is trying to overcome these challenges by focusing on more homogenous aggression subtypes and/or by studying large sample size of aggressive individuals. Further advance is coming by bioinformatics approaches that are allowing the integration of inter-species biological data as well as the development of predictive algorithms able to discriminate subjects on the basis of the propensity toward aggressive behavior. In this review we first present a brief summary of the available evidence on neuroimaging of aggression. We will then treat extensively the data on genetic determinants, including those from hypothesis-free genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies. Transcriptomic and neurochemical biomarkers will then be reviewed, and we will dedicate a section on the role of metabolomics in aggression. Finally, we will discuss how biomarkers can inform the development of new pharmacological tools as well as increase the efficacy of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Stefano Comai
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita Salute University, Milano, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Martina Pinna
- Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Sardinia Health Agency, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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18
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Fairchild G, Hawes DJ, Frick PJ, Copeland WE, Odgers CL, Franke B, Freitag CM, De Brito SA. Conduct disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:43. [PMID: 31249310 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a common and highly impairing psychiatric disorder that usually emerges in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by severe antisocial and aggressive behaviour. It frequently co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often leads to antisocial personality disorder in adulthood. CD affects ~3% of school-aged children and is twice as prevalent in males than in females. This disorder can be subtyped according to age at onset (childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset) and the presence or absence of callous-unemotional traits (deficits in empathy and guilt). The aetiology of CD is complex, with contributions of both genetic and environmental risk factors and different forms of interplay among the two (gene-environment interaction and correlation). In addition, CD is associated with neurocognitive impairments; smaller grey matter volume in limbic regions such as the amygdala, insula and orbitofrontal cortex, and functional abnormalities in overlapping brain circuits responsible for emotion processing, emotion regulation and reinforcement-based decision-making have been reported. Lower hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic reactivity to stress has also been reported. Management of CD primarily involves parent-based or family-based psychosocial interventions, although stimulants and atypical antipsychotics are sometimes used, especially in individuals with comorbid ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA and Institute for Learning Science and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Candice L Odgers
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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19
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Aitken M, Battaglia M, Marino C, Mahendran N, Andrade BF. Clinical utility of the CBCL Dysregulation Profile in children with disruptive behavior. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:87-95. [PMID: 31029857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who are severely dysregulated experience a range of concurrent and long-term impairments and psychopathology and are particularly at-risk for mood and anxiety disorders. The Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) may be useful in identifying children who are highly dysregulated, which could facilitate early intervention. METHODS We examined the prevalence, gender differences, parent-teacher agreement, and concurrent validity of two categorical definitions of the CBCL-DP in 348 children ages 6-12 who were clinic-referred for assessment and treatment because of disruptive behavior. RESULTS Rates of the CBCL-DP were 3 times higher when a less stringent versus a more stringent definition of the CBCL-DP was used (46.8% vs. 15.2%). Girls were more likely than boys to meet criteria for the CBCL-DP when the more stringent definition was used. Parent-teacher agreement was low, particularly when the more stringent definition of the CBCL-DP was used. Children with the CBCL-DP were rated by their parents, but not their teachers, as more impaired than other children, regardless of the definition of the CBCL-DP used, and even when compared to children with clinically elevated scores on other CBCL subscales. LIMITATIONS Our cross-sectional data did not allow us to examine the predictive validity of the CBCL-DP, informant effects may have inflated associations between CBCL-DP and parent-rated impairment, and teacher ratings were missing for many children. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support other reports that provide evidence that the CBCL-DP may identify a particularly symptomatic and impaired group of children with disruptive behavior, as rated by their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Aitken
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Marco Battaglia
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cecilia Marino
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Brendan F Andrade
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada
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Zhang-James Y, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Hess JL, Malki K, Glatt SJ, Cormand B, Faraone SV. An integrated analysis of genes and functional pathways for aggression in human and rodent models. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1655-1667. [PMID: 29858598 PMCID: PMC6274606 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcriptome analyses of animal models, and candidate gene studies have advanced our understanding of the genetic architecture of aggressive behaviors. However, each of these methods presents unique limitations. To generate a more confident and comprehensive view of the complex genetics underlying aggression, we undertook an integrated, cross-species approach. We focused on human and rodent models to derive eight gene lists from three main categories of genetic evidence: two sets of genes identified in GWAS studies, four sets implicated by transcriptome-wide studies of rodent models, and two sets of genes with causal evidence from online Mendelian inheritance in man (OMIM) and knockout (KO) mice reports. These gene sets were evaluated for overlap and pathway enrichment to extract their similarities and differences. We identified enriched common pathways such as the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway, axon guidance, reelin signaling in neurons, and ERK/MAPK signaling. Also, individual genes were ranked based on their cumulative weights to quantify their importance as risk factors for aggressive behavior, which resulted in 40 top-ranked and highly interconnected genes. The results of our cross-species and integrated approach provide insights into the genetic etiology of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang-James
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- 0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ,0000 0004 1791 1185grid.452372.5Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain ,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jonathan L Hess
- 0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA
| | - Karim Malki
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cKing’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), London, UK
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- 0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA ,0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA
| | - Bru Cormand
- 0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ,0000 0004 1791 1185grid.452372.5Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain ,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- 0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA ,0000 0000 9159 4457grid.411023.5Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY USA ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bK.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Cheesman R, Purves KL, Pingault JB, Breen G, Rijsdij K F, Plomin R, Eley TC. Extracting stability increases the SNP heritability of emotional problems in young people. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:223. [PMID: 30333497 PMCID: PMC6193004 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Twin studies have shown that emotional problems (anxiety and depression) in childhood and adolescence are moderately heritable (~20-50%). In contrast, DNA-based 'SNP heritability' estimates are generally <15% and non-significant. One notable feature of emotional problems is that they can be somewhat transient, but the moderate stability seen across time and across raters is predominantly influenced by stable genetic influences. This suggests that by capturing what is in common across time and across raters, we might be more likely to tap into any underlying genetic vulnerability. We therefore hypothesised that a phenotype capturing the pervasive stability of emotional problems would show higher heritability. We fitted single-factor latent trait models using 12 emotional problems measures across ages 7, 12 and 16, rated by parents, teachers and children themselves in the Twins Early Development Study sample. Twin and SNP heritability estimates for stable emotional problems (N = 6110 pairs and 6110 unrelated individuals, respectively) were compared to those for individual measures. Twin heritability increased from 45% on average for individual measures to 76% (se = 0.023) by focusing on stable trait variance. SNP heritability rose from 5% on average (n.s.) to 14% (se = 0.049; p = 0.002). Heritability was also higher for stable within-rater composites. Polygenic scores for both adult anxiety and depression significantly explained variance in stable emotional problems (0.4%; p = 0.0001). The variance explained was more than in most individual measures. Stable emotional problems also showed significant genetic correlation with adult depression and anxiety (average = 52%). These results demonstrate the value of examining stable emotional problems in gene-finding and prediction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cheesman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Cent re, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Kirstin L Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Cent re, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Cent re, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Cent re, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Fruhling Rijsdij K
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Cent re, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Cent re, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Cent re, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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22
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Penny CJ, Gold MG. Mechanisms for localising calcineurin and CaMKII in dendritic spines. Cell Signal 2018; 49:46-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Uljarević M, Hedley D, Nevill R, Evans DW, Cai RY, Butter E, Mulick JA. Brief report: Poor self-regulation as a predictor of individual differences in adaptive functioning in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2018; 11:1157-1165. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Uljarević
- Stanford Autism Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine; Stanford University; Stanford California
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Darren Hedley
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus Ohio
| | - Rose Nevill
- The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- Kennedy Krieger Institute and John Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
| | | | - Ru Ying Cai
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Eric Butter
- Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus Ohio
- The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
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Wen C, Mehta CM, Tan H, Zhang H. Whole genome association study of brain-wide imaging phenotypes: A study of the ping cohort. Genet Epidemiol 2018; 42:265-275. [PMID: 29411414 PMCID: PMC5851842 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological disorders have a biological basis rooted in brain function, and neuroimaging data are expected to better illuminate the complex genetic basis of neuropsychological disorders. Because they are biological measures, neuroimaging data avoid biases arising from clinical diagnostic criteria that are subject to human understanding and interpretation. A challenge with analyzing neuroimaging data is their high dimensionality and complex spatial relationships. To tackle this challenge, we introduced a novel distance covariance tests that can assess the association between genetic markers and multivariate diffusion tensor imaging measurements, and analyzed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset collected by the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study. We also considered existing approaches as comparisons. Our results showed that, after correcting for multiplicity, distance covariance tests of the multivariate phenotype yield significantly greater power at detecting genetic markers affecting brain structure than standard mass univariate GWAS of individual neuroimaging biomarkers. Our results underscore the usefulness of utilizing the distance covariance to incorporate neuroimaging data in GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhong Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Statistics and Finance, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chintan M. Mehta
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haizhu Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics and Computer Applications, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Investigation of previously implicated genetic variants in chronic tic disorders: a transmission disequilibrium test approach. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:301-316. [PMID: 28555406 PMCID: PMC5708161 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies in Tourette syndrome (TS) are characterized by scattered and poorly replicated findings. We aimed to replicate findings from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our cohort included 465 probands with chronic tic disorder (93% TS) and both parents from 412 families (some probands were siblings). We assessed 75 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 465 parent-child trios; 117 additional SNPs in 211 trios; and 4 additional SNPs in 254 trios. We performed SNP and gene-based transmission disequilibrium tests and compared nominally significant SNP results with those from a large independent case-control cohort. After quality control 71 SNPs were available in 371 trios; 112 SNPs in 179 trios; and 3 SNPs in 192 trios. 17 were candidate SNPs implicated in TS and 2 were implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD); 142 were tagging SNPs from eight monoamine neurotransmitter-related genes (including dopamine and serotonin); 10 were top SNPs from TS GWAS; and 13 top SNPs from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, OCD, or ASD GWAS. None of the SNPs or genes reached significance after adjustment for multiple testing. We observed nominal significance for the candidate SNPs rs3744161 (TBCD) and rs4565946 (TPH2) and for five tagging SNPs; none of these showed significance in the independent cohort. Also, SLC1A1 in our gene-based analysis and two TS GWAS SNPs showed nominal significance, rs11603305 (intergenic) and rs621942 (PICALM). We found no convincing support for previously implicated genetic polymorphisms. Targeted re-sequencing should fully appreciate the relevance of candidate genes.
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Cheesman R, Selzam S, Ronald A, Dale PS, McAdams TA, Eley TC, Plomin R. Childhood behaviour problems show the greatest gap between DNA-based and twin heritability. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1284. [PMID: 29234009 PMCID: PMC5802501 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For most complex traits, DNA-based heritability ('SNP heritability') is roughly half that of twin-based heritability. A previous report from the Twins Early Development Study suggested that this heritability gap is much greater for childhood behaviour problems than for other domains. If true, this finding is important because SNP heritability, not twin heritability, is the ceiling for genome-wide association studies. With twice the sample size as the previous report, we estimated SNP heritabilities (N up to 4653 unrelated individuals) and compared them with twin heritabilities from the same sample (N up to 4724 twin pairs) for diverse domains of childhood behaviour problems as rated by parents, teachers, and children themselves at ages 12 and 16. For 37 behaviour problem measures, the average twin heritability was 0.52, whereas the average SNP heritability was just 0.06. In contrast, results for cognitive and anthropometric traits were more typical (average twin and SNP heritabilities were 0.58 and 0.28, respectively). Future research should continue to investigate the reasons why SNP heritabilities for childhood behaviour problems are so low compared with twin estimates, and find ways to maximise SNP heritability for genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cheesman
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Saskia Selzam
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Philip S Dale
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tom A McAdams
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Robert Plomin
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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Common functional variants of the glutamatergic system in Autism spectrum disorder with high and low intellectual abilities. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:259-271. [PMID: 29147782 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genetic architecture underlying Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been suggested to differ between individuals with lower (IQ ≤ 70; LIQ) and higher intellectual abilities (IQ > 70; HIQ). Among the identified pathomechanisms, the glutamatergic signalling pathway is of specific interest in ASD. We investigated 187 common functional variants of this neurotransmitter system for association with ASD and with symptom severity in two independent samples, a German (German-ALL: N = 583 families) and the Autism Genome Project cohort (AGP-ALL: N = 2001 families), split into HIQ, and LIQ subgroups. We did not identify any association withstanding correction for multiple testing. However, we report a replicated nominal significant under-transmission (OR < 0.79, p < 0.04) of the AKAP13 rs745191-T allele in both LIQ cohorts, but not in the much larger HIQ cohorts. At the phenotypic level, we nominally replicated associations of CAMK2A-rs2241694 with non-verbal communication in both combined LIQ and HIQ ASD cohorts. Variants PLD1-rs2124147 and ADCY1-rs2461127 were nominally associated with impaired non-verbal abilities and AKAP2-rs3739456 with repetitive behaviour in both LIQ cohorts. All four LIQ-associated genes are involved in G-protein coupled signal transduction, a downstream pathway of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. We conclude that functional common variants of glutamatergic genes do not have a strong impact on ASD, but seem to moderately affect ASD risk and phenotypic expression. Since most of our nominally replicated hits were identified in the LIQ cohort, further investigation of the glutamatergic system in this subpopulation might be warranted.
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Taskiran C, Karaismailoglu S, Cak Esen HT, Tuzun Z, Erdem A, Balkanci ZD, Dolgun AB, Cengel Kultur SE. Clinical features and subjective/physiological responses to emotional stimuli in the presence of emotion dysregulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017; 40:389-404. [PMID: 28721740 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1353952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotion dysregulation (ED) has long been recognized in clinical descriptions of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but a renewed interest in ED has advanced research on the overlap between the two entities. Autonomic reactivity (AR) is a neurobiological correlate of emotion regulation; however, the association between ADHD and AR remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the clinical differences, AR, and subjective emotional responses to visual emotional stimuli in ADHD children with and without ED. METHOD School-aged ADHD children with (n = 28) and without (n = 20) ED, according to the definition of deficiency in emotional self-regulation (DESR), and healthy controls (n = 22) were interviewed by using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) to screen frequent psychopathologies for these ages. All subjects were evaluated with Child Behavior Checklist 6-18 (CBCL), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), the School-Age Temperament Inventory (SATI), and Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-48), which were completed by parents. To evaluate emotional responses, the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and the subjective and physiological responses (electrodermal activity and heart rate reactivity) to selected pictures were examined. RESULTS Regarding clinically distinctive features, the ADHD+ED group differed from the ADHD-ED and the control groups in terms of having higher temperamental negative reactivity, more oppositional/conduct problems, and lower prosocial behaviors. In the AR measures, children in the ADHD+ED group rated unpleasant stimuli as more negative, but they still had lower heart rate reactivity (HRR) than the ADHD-ED and control groups; moreover, unlike the two other groups, the ADHD+ED group showed no differences in HRR between different emotional stimuli. CONCLUSION The presented findings are unique in terms of their ability to clinically and physiologically differentiate between ADHD children with and without ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Taskiran
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serkan Karaismailoglu
- b Department of Physiology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Halime Tuna Cak Esen
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tuzun
- c Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aysen Erdem
- b Department of Physiology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Dicle Balkanci
- b Department of Physiology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Anil Barak Dolgun
- d Department of Biostatistics , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sadriye Ebru Cengel Kultur
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Sıhhiye , Ankara , Turkey
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Ebejer JL, Medland SE, van der Werf J, Lynskey M, Martin NG, Duffy DL. Variation in Latent Classes of Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by Sex and Environmental Adversity. J Atten Disord 2016; 20:934-945. [PMID: 24141099 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713506261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The findings of genetic, imaging and neuropsychological studies of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are mixed. To understand why this might be the case we use both dimensional and categorical symptom measurement to provide alternate and detailed perspectives of symptom expression. METHOD Interviewers collected ADHD, conduct problems (CP) and sociodemographic data from 3793 twins and their siblings aged 22 to 49 (M = 32.6). We estimate linear weighting of symptoms across ADHD and CP items. Latent class analyses and regression describe associations between measured variables, environmental risk factors and subsequent disadvantage. Additionally, the clinical relevance of each class was estimated. RESULTS Five classes were found for women and men; few symptoms, hyperactive-impulsive, CP, inattentive, combined symptoms with CP. Women within the inattentive class reported more symptoms and reduced emotional health when compared to men and to women within other latent classes. Women and men with combined ADHD symptoms reported comorbid conduct problems but those with either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity only did not. CONCLUSION The dual perspective of dimensional and categorical measurement of ADHD provides important detail about symptom variation across sex and with environmental covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Ebejer
- University of New England, Australia Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael Lynskey
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australia King's College London, UK
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Caporino NE, Herres J, Kendall PC, Wolk CB. Dysregulation in Youth with Anxiety Disorders: Relationship to Acute and 7- to 19- Year Follow-Up Outcomes of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2016; 47:539-47. [PMID: 26384978 PMCID: PMC4798924 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-015-0587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of dysregulation across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains on acute and 7- to 19-year follow-up outcomes of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety, and explored dysregulation as a predictor of psychopathology and impairment in young adulthood among individuals who received anxiety treatment as youth. Participants (N = 64; 50 % female, 83 % non-Hispanic White) from two randomized clinical trials completed a follow-up assessment 7-19 years later. Latent profile analysis identified dysregulation based on Anxious/Depressed, Attention Problems, and Aggressive Behavior scores on the Child Behavior Checklist. Although pretreatment dysregulation was not related to acute or follow-up outcomes for anxiety diagnoses that were the focus of treatment, dysregulation predicted an array of non-targeted psychopathology at follow-up. Among youth with a principal anxiety disorder, the effects of CBT (Coping Cat) appear to be robust against broad impairments in self-regulation. However, youth with a pretreatment dysregulation profile likely need follow-up to monitor for the emergence of other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Caporino
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA.
| | - Joanna Herres
- Department of Couple and Family Therapy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip C Kendall
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cormand B. Aggressive behavior in humans: Genes and pathways identified through association studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:676-96. [PMID: 26773414 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior has both genetic and environmental components. Many association studies have been performed to identify genetic factors underlying aggressive behaviors in humans. In this review we summarize the previous work performed in this field, considering both candidate gene (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), excluding those performed in samples where the primary diagnosis is a psychiatric or neurological disorder other than an aggression-related phenotype. Subsequently, we have studied the enrichment of pathways and functions in GWAS data. The results of our searches show that most CGAS have identified associations with genes involved in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission and in hormone regulation. On the other hand, GWAS have not yet identified genome-wide significant associations, but top nominal findings are related to several signaling pathways, such as axon guidance or estrogen receptor signaling, and also to neurodevelopmental processes and synaptic plasticity. Future studies should use larger samples, homogeneous phenotypes and standardized measurements to identify genes that underlie aggressive behaviors in humans. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
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Wade M, Hoffmann TJ, Knafo-Noam A, O'Connor TG, Jenkins JM. Oxytocin and vasopressin hormone genes in children's externalizing problems: A cognitive endophenotype approach. Horm Behav 2016; 82:78-86. [PMID: 27155104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing problems are among the most common mental health problems of children. Research suggests that these problems are heritable, yet little is known about the specific genes involved in their pathophysiology. The current study examined a genotype-endophenotype-phenotype model of externalizing problems in 320 preschool-aged children. Markers of the oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) hormone genes were selected as candidates owing to their known association with psychopathology in other domains. We tested whether OXT and AVP variants were related to children's externalizing problems, as well as two cognitive endophenotypes presumed to underlie these problems: theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF). Externalizing problems were assessed at age 4.5 using a previously-validated rating scale. ToM and EF were measured with age-appropriate tasks. Using a family-based association design and controlling for non-genomic confounds, support was found for an association between a two-marker OXT haplotype (rs2740210-rs2770378) and a two-marker AVP haplotype (rs1887854-rs3761249) and externalizing problems. Specific associations of these haplotypes with ToM and EF were also observed. Further, ToM and EF were shown to independently and jointly predict externalizing problems, and to partially mediate the effects of OXT and AVP on externalizing problems. This study provides the first evidence that genetic variation in OXT and AVP may contribute to individual differences in childhood externalizing problems, and that these effects may operate through emerging neurocognitive abilities in the preschool period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, USA
| | - Ariel Knafo-Noam
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Jennifer M Jenkins
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Rohde PD, Madsen LS, Neumann Arvidson SM, Loeschcke V, Demontis D, Kristensen TN. Testing candidate genes for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in fruit flies using a high throughput assay for complex behavior. Fly (Austin) 2016; 10:25-34. [PMID: 26954609 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2016.1158365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit flies are important model organisms for functional testing of candidate genes in multiple disciplines, including the study of human diseases. Here we use a high-throughput locomotor activity assay to test the response on activity behavior of gene disruption in Drosophila melanogaster. The aim was to investigate the impact of disruption of 14 candidate genes for human attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on fly behavior. By obtaining a range of correlated measures describing the space of variables for behavioral activity we show, that some mutants display similar phenotypic responses, and furthermore, that the genes disrupted in those mutants had common molecular functions; namely processes related to cGMP activity, cation channels and serotonin receptors. All but one of the candidate genes resulted in aberrant behavioral activity, suggesting involvement of these genes in behavioral activity in fruit flies. Results provide additional support for the investigated genes being risk candidate genes for ADHD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palle Duun Rohde
- a Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark.,b The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH , Aarhus , Denmark.,c Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Strøm Madsen
- d Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Sandra Marie Neumann Arvidson
- d Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- e Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- b The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH , Aarhus , Denmark.,c Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.,f Department of Biomedicine , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- d Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
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Veroude K, Zhang-James Y, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Bakker MJ, Cormand B, Faraone SV. Genetics of aggressive behavior: An overview. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:3-43. [PMID: 26345359 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) address three types of aggression: frustrative non-reward, defensive aggression and offensive/proactive aggression. This review sought to present the evidence for genetic underpinnings of aggression and to determine to what degree prior studies have examined phenotypes that fit into the RDoC framework. Although the constructs of defensive and offensive aggression have been widely used in the animal genetics literature, the human literature is mostly agnostic with regard to all the RDoC constructs. We know from twin studies that about half the variance in behavior may be explained by genetic risk factors. This is true for both dimensional, trait-like, measures of aggression and categorical definitions of psychopathology. The non-shared environment seems to have a moderate influence with the effects of shared environment being unclear. Human molecular genetic studies of aggression are in an early stage. The most promising candidates are in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems along with hormonal regulators. Genome-wide association studies have not yet achieved genome-wide significance, but current samples are too small to detect variants having the small effects one would expect for a complex disorder. The strongest molecular evidence for a genetic basis for aggression comes from animal models comparing aggressive and non-aggressive strains or documenting the effects of gene knockouts. Although we have learned much from these prior studies, future studies should improve the measurement of aggression by using a systematic method of measurement such as that proposed by the RDoC initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Veroude
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Mireille J Bakker
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Beraldo FH, Thomas A, Kolisnyk B, Hirata PH, De Jaeger X, Martyn AC, Fan J, Goncalves DF, Cowan MF, Masood T, Martins VR, Gros R, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Hyperactivity and attention deficits in mice with decreased levels of stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1). Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1457-66. [PMID: 26398952 PMCID: PMC4631792 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.022525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-inducible phosphoprotein I (STIP1, STI1 or HOP) is a co-chaperone intermediating Hsp70/Hsp90 exchange of client proteins, but it can also be secreted to trigger prion protein-mediated neuronal signaling. Some mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present antibodies against certain brain proteins, including antibodies against STIP1. Maternal antibodies can cross the fetus blood-brain barrier during pregnancy, suggesting the possibility that they can interfere with STIP1 levels and, presumably, functions. However, it is currently unknown whether abnormal levels of STIP1 have any impact in ASD-related behavior. Here, we used mice with reduced (50%) or increased STIP1 levels (fivefold) to test for potential ASD-like phenotypes. We found that increased STIP1 regulates the abundance of Hsp70 and Hsp90, whereas reduced STIP1 does not affect Hsp70, Hsp90 or the prion protein. Interestingly, BAC transgenic mice presenting fivefold more STIP1 show no major phenotype when examined in a series of behavioral tasks, including locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze and five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). In contrast, mice with reduced STIP1 levels are hyperactive and have attentional deficits on the 5-CSRTT, but exhibit normal performance for the other tasks. We conclude that reduced STIP1 levels can contribute to phenotypes related to ASD. However, future experiments are needed to define whether it is decreased chaperone capacity or impaired prion protein signaling that contributes to these phenotypes. Summary: Here, using a series of behavioral tests including touchscreen tasks we show that decreased levels of stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) lead to attention deficits and hyperactivity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio H Beraldo
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Anu Thomas
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Benjamin Kolisnyk
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Pedro H Hirata
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Xavier De Jaeger
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Amanda C Martyn
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Jue Fan
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Daniela F Goncalves
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Matthew F Cowan
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Talal Masood
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Vilma R Martins
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute for Translational Neuroscience Research Center, Sao Paulo, SP 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
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Pappa I, Fedko IO, Mileva-Seitz VR, Hottenga JJ, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Jaddoe VWV, Middeldorp CM, Rippe RCA, Rivadeneira F, Tiemeier H, Verhulst FC, van IJzendoorn MH, Boomsma DI. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Heritability of Behavior Problems in Childhood: Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:737-44. [PMID: 26299295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic factors contribute to individual differences in behavior problems. In children, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded the first suggestive results when aiming to identify genetic variants that explain heritability, but the proportion of genetic variance that can be attributed to common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remains to be determined, as only a few studies have estimated SNP heritability, with diverging results. METHOD Genomic-relationship-matrix restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) as implemented in the software Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) was used to estimate SNP heritability (SNP h(2)) for multiple phenotypes within 4 broad domains of children's behavioral problems (attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, internalizing, externalizing, and pervasive developmental problems) and cognitive function. We combined phenotype and genotype data from 2 independent, population-based Dutch cohorts, yielding a total number of 1,495 to 3,175 of 3-, 7-, and 9-year-old children. RESULTS Significant SNP heritability estimates were found for attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (SNP h(2) = 0.37-0.71), externalizing problems (SNP h(2) = 0.44), and total problems (SNP h(2) = 0.18), rated by mother or teacher. Sensitivity analyses with exclusion of extreme cases and quantile normalization of the phenotype data decreased SNP h(2) as expected under genetic inheritance, but they remained statistically significant for most phenotypes. CONCLUSION We provide evidence of the influence of common SNPs on child behavior problems in an ethnically homogenous sample. These results support the continuation of large GWAS collaborative efforts to unravel the genetic basis of complex child behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pappa
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and the Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center
| | | | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Centre for Child and Family Studies
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- VU University Amsterdam; EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | | | - Meike Bartels
- VU University Amsterdam; EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam
| | | | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus Medical Center
| | | | | | | | - Henning Tiemeier
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands and the Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center; Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- VU University Amsterdam; EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam
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Chen X, Long F, Cai B, Chen X, Chen G. A novel relationship for schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorder Part 7: A hint from chromosome 7 high density association screen. Behav Brain Res 2015; 293:241-51. [PMID: 26192912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence from genetics, symptology and psychopharmacology imply that there are intrinsic connection between schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Also, any two or even three of these disorders could co-existe in some families. A total of 47,144 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) on chromosome 7 were genotyped by Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0 on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type-I), 177 MDD, and 1000 controls. Associated SNP loci were comprehensively revealed and outstanding susceptibility genes were identified including CNTNAP2. a neurexin family gene. Unexpectedly, flanking genes for up to 94.74 % of of the associated SNPs were replicated (P≤9.9 E-8) in an enlarged cohort of 986 SCZ patients. Considering other convergent evidence, our results further implicate that BPD and MDD are subtypes of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cai
- CapitalBio corporation, 18 Life Science Parkway, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- CapitalBio corporation, 18 Life Science Parkway, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Guénolé F, Speranza M, Louis J, Fourneret P, Revol O, Baleyte JM. Wechsler profiles in referred children with intellectual giftedness: Associations with trait-anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and heterogeneity of Piaget-like reasoning processes. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2015; 19:402-10. [PMID: 25842052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE It is common that intellectually gifted children (IQ ≥ 130) are referred to paediatric or child neuropsychiatry clinics for socio-emotional problems and/or school underachievement or maladjustment. Among them, those displaying developmental asynchrony - a heterogeneous developmental pattern reflected in a significant verbal-performance discrepancy (SVPD) on Wechsler's intelligence profile - are thought to be more emotionally and behaviourally impaired than others. Our purpose was to investigate this clinical dichotomy using a cognitive psychopathological approach. METHODS Trait-anxiety and emotional dysregulation were investigated in two groups of referred gifted children (n = 107 and 136, respectively), a pilot-study of reasoning processes on extensive Piaget-like tasks was also performed in an additional small group (n = 12). RESULTS Compared to those with a homogenous Wechsler profile, children with a SVPD exhibited: 1) a decreased prevalence of social preoccupation-anxiety (11.1% versus 27.4%; p < 0.05); 2) an increased prevalence of emotional dysregulation (58.7% versus 41.3%; p < 0.05); and 3) an increased prevalence of pathological cognitive disharmony on Piaget-like tasks (87.5% versus 0.0%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results support a clinical dichotomy of behaviourally-impaired children with intellectual giftedness, with developmentally asynchronous ones exhibiting more severe psychopathological features. This suggests that developmental asynchrony matters when examining emotional and behavioural problems in gifted children and call for further investigation of this profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Guénolé
- CHU de Caen, service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, avenue Clemenceau, 14033 Caen Cedex 9, France; INSERM, unité 1077, Neuropsychologie et neuroanatomie fonctionnelle de la mémoire humaine, avenue de la côte de Nacre - CS 30001, 14033 Caen Cedex 9, France.
| | - Mario Speranza
- Hôpital Mignot, service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, 177 rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay, France; Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, faculté de médecine, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Jacqueline Louis
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Pierre Fourneret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; CNRS, unité 5304, Laboratoire sur le langage, le cerveau et la cognition, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron Cedex, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, faculté de médecine Lyon est, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Olivier Revol
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, service hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Jean-Marc Baleyte
- CHU de Caen, service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, avenue Clemenceau, 14033 Caen Cedex 9, France; INSERM, unité 1077, Neuropsychologie et neuroanatomie fonctionnelle de la mémoire humaine, avenue de la côte de Nacre - CS 30001, 14033 Caen Cedex 9, France; Université de Normandie, faculté de médecine, avenue de la côte de nacre, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
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Canonical correlation analysis for gene-based pleiotropy discovery. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003876. [PMID: 25329069 PMCID: PMC4199483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified a wealth of genetic variants involved in complex traits and multifactorial diseases. There is now considerable interest in testing variants for association with multiple phenotypes (pleiotropy) and for testing multiple variants for association with a single phenotype (gene-based association tests). Such approaches can increase statistical power by combining evidence for association over multiple phenotypes or genetic variants respectively. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) measures the correlation between two sets of multidimensional variables, and thus offers the potential to combine these two approaches. To apply CCA, we must restrict the number of attributes relative to the number of samples. Hence we consider modules of genetic variation that can comprise a gene, a pathway or another biologically relevant grouping, and/or a set of phenotypes. In order to do this, we use an attribute selection strategy based on a binary genetic algorithm. Applied to a UK-based prospective cohort study of 4286 women (the British Women's Heart and Health Study), we find improved statistical power in the detection of previously reported genetic associations, and identify a number of novel pleiotropic associations between genetic variants and phenotypes. New discoveries include gene-based association of NSF with triglyceride levels and several genes (ACSM3, ERI2, IL18RAP, IL23RAP and NRG1) with left ventricular hypertrophy phenotypes. In multiple-phenotype analyses we find association of NRG1 with left ventricular hypertrophy phenotypes, fibrinogen and urea and pleiotropic relationships of F7 and F10 with Factor VII, Factor IX and cholesterol levels. Pleiotropy appears when a variation in one gene affects to several non-related phenotypes. The study of this phenomenon can be useful in gene function discovery, but also in the study of the evolution of a gene. In this paper, we present a methodology, based on Canonical Correlation Analysis, which studies gene-centered multiple association of the variation of SNPs in one or a set of genes with one or a set of phenotypes. The resulting methodology can be applied in gene-centered association analysis, multiple association analysis or pleiotropic pattern discovery. We apply this methodology with a genotype dataset and a set of cardiovascular related phenotypes, and discover new gene association between gene NRG1 and phenotypes related with left ventricular hypertrophy, and pleiotropic effects of this gene with other phenotypes as coagulation factors and urea or pleiotropic effects between coagulation related genes F7 and F10 with coagulation factors and cholesterol levels. This methodology could be also used to find multiple associations in other omics datasets.
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Leem S, Jeong HH, Lee J, Wee K, Sohn KA. Fast detection of high-order epistatic interactions in genome-wide association studies using information theoretic measure. Comput Biol Chem 2014; 50:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Although it has long been recognized that many individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have difficulties with emotion regulation, no consensus has been reached on how to conceptualize this clinically challenging domain. The authors examine the current literature using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Three key findings emerge. First, emotion dysregulation is prevalent in ADHD throughout the lifespan and is a major contributor to impairment. Second, emotion dysregulation in ADHD may arise from deficits in orienting toward, recognizing, and/or allocating attention to emotional stimuli; these deficits implicate dysfunction within a striato-amygdalo-medial prefrontal cortical network. Third, while current treatments for ADHD often also ameliorate emotion dysregulation, a focus on this combination of symptoms reframes clinical questions and could stimulate novel therapeutic approaches. The authors then consider three models to explain the overlap between emotion dysregulation and ADHD: emotion dysregulation and ADHD are correlated but distinct dimensions; emotion dysregulation is a core diagnostic feature of ADHD; and the combination constitutes a nosological entity distinct from both ADHD and emotion dysregulation alone. The differing predictions from each model can guide research on the much-neglected population of patients with ADHD and emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Shaw
- Section on Neurobehavioral Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Human Genome Research Institute, Building 31, B1 B37, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA. Phone 301 451 4010,Intramural Program of the National Institute of Mental Health. Building 10, Bethesda, 20892, Maryland, USA
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Joel Nigg
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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42
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Mick E, McGough J, Deutsch CK, Frazier JA, Kennedy D, Goldberg RJ. Genome-wide association study of proneness to anger. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87257. [PMID: 24489884 PMCID: PMC3905014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community samples suggest that approximately 1 in 20 children and adults exhibit clinically significant anger, hostility, and aggression. Individuals with dysregulated emotional control have a greater lifetime burden of psychiatric morbidity, severe impairment in role functioning, and premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Methods With publically available data secured from dbGaP, we conducted a genome-wide association study of proneness to anger using the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Scale in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (n = 8,747). Results Subjects were, on average, 54 (range 45–64) years old at baseline enrollment, 47% (n = 4,117) were male, and all were of European descent by self-report. The mean Angry Temperament and Angry Reaction scores were 5.8±1.8 and 7.6±2.2. We observed a nominally significant finding (p = 2.9E-08, λ = 1.027 - corrected pgc = 2.2E-07, λ = 1.0015) on chromosome 6q21 in the gene coding for the non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, Fyn. Conclusions Fyn interacts with NDMA receptors and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-gated channels to regulate calcium influx and intracellular release in the post-synaptic density. These results suggest that signaling pathways regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, which are relevant to memory, learning, and neuronal survival, may in part underlie the expression of Angry Temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James McGough
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles California, United States of America
| | - Curtis K. Deutsch
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jean A. Frazier
- Psychiatry Department, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Kennedy
- Psychiatry Department, Division of Neuroinformatics and the Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Goldberg
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Carballo JJ, Serrano-Drozdowskyj E, García Nieto R, Díaz de Neira-Hernando M, Pérez-Fominaya M, Molina-Pizarro CA, De León-Martínez V, Baca-García E. Prevalence and correlates of psychopathology in children and adolescents evaluated with the strengths and difficulties questionnaire dysregulation profile in a clinical setting. Psychopathology 2014; 47:303-11. [PMID: 24819241 DOI: 10.1159/000360822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical presentation of children and adolescents referred to mental health services is frequently complicated by comorbid and severe affective and behavioral dysregulation. This dysregulation phenotype seems to be an indicator of overall psychopathology, symptom severity and functional impairment. Currently, this phenotype is assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist. However, the widely used Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been recently validated to screen the Dysregulation Profile (SDQ-DP) in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and demographic, psychosocial and clinical correlates of the SDQ-DP phenotype in a Spanish clinical sample. SAMPLING AND METHODS In a clinical sample of 623 consecutively referred children and adolescents (4-17 years old), we compared clinical and sociodemographic correlates between subjects who met the SDQ-DP criteria (DP) and those who did not (NO_DP). Sociodemographic data, parent-rated SDQ, Children's Global Assessment Scale, Clinical Global Impression, family Apgar scale and clinical diagnoses were collected by experienced child and adolescent psychiatrists. RESULTS Overall in our sample, 175 subjects (28.1%) met the SDQ-DP criteria (DP group). Compared with the NO_DP group, the DP subjects had significantly higher scores on internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, problems with peers and overall problems as well as significantly lower scores on prosocial behavior. Clinical diagnoses assigned revealed that DP subjects showed significantly greater psychiatric comorbidity. DP subjects also showed significantly worse family functioning and increased symptom severity and significantly lower scores on psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of children and adolescents with the dysregulated profile, assessed by the SDQ-DP, was found in our clinical setting. The SDQ-DP may serve as an index of overall psychological severity and functional impairment. In addition, it may indicate family dysfunction. Further research is needed to validate the clinical value of SDQ-DP by examining longitudinal stability, heritability, adult outcome, risk factors and diagnostic correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Carballo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Department of Psychiatry, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders. Owing to the complex aetiology of anxiety disorders, translational studies involving multiple approaches, including human and animal genetics, molecular, endocrinological and imaging studies, are needed to get a converging picture of function or dysfunction of anxiety-related circuits. An advantage of anxiety disorders is that the neural circuitry of fear is comparatively well understood, with striking analogies between animal and human models, and this article aims to provide a brief overview of current translational approaches to anxiety. Experimental models that involve similar tasks in animals and humans, such as fear conditioning and extinction, seem particularly promising and can be readily integrated with imaging, behavioural and physiological readouts. The cross-validation between animal and human genetics models is essential to examine the relevance of candidate genes, as well as their neural pathways, for anxiety disorders; a recent example of such cross-validation work is provided by preclinical and clinical work on TMEM132D, which has been identified as a candidate gene for panic disorder. Further integration of epigenetic data and gene × environment interaction are promising approaches, as highlighted by FKPB5 and PACAP, early life trauma and stress-related anxiety disorders. Finally, connecting genetic and epigenetic data with functionally relevant imaging readouts will allow a comparison of overlap and differences across species in mechanistic pathways from genes to brain functioning and behaviour.
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45
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McGough JJ, McCracken JT, Cho AL, Castelo E, Sturm A, Cowen J, Piacentini J, Loo SK. A potential electroencephalography and cognitive biosignature for the child behavior checklist-dysregulation profile. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:1173-82. [PMID: 24157391 PMCID: PMC3839814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL/DP) identifies youth at increased risk for significant psychopathology. Although the genetic architecture and several biological correlates of the CBCL/DP have been described, little work has elucidated its underlying neurobiology. We examined the potential utility of electroencephalography (EEG), along with behavioral and cognitive assessments, in differentiating individuals based on the CBCL/DP. METHOD Participants aged 7 to 14 years of age were categorized into 3 age- and sex-matched groups based on clinical assessment and CBCL/DP: typically developing controls without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 38), individuals with ADHD without the CBCL/DP (ADHD/DP-) (n = 38), and individuals with the CBCL/DP (CBCL/DP+) (n = 38). Groups were compared with EEG and measures of clinical phenomenology and cognition. RESULTS ADHD/DP- and CBCL/DP+ groups had increased inattention, but the CBCL/DP+ group had increased hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, disruptive behavior, mood, and anxiety comorbidities compared with the group with ADHD alone. Cognitive profiles suggested that ADHD/DP-participants had fast impulsive responses, whereas CBCL/DP+ participants were slow and inattentive. On EEG, CBCL/DP+ had a distinct profile of attenuated δ-band and elevated α-band spectral power in the central and parietal regions compared to ADHD/DP- and controls. The low-δ/high-α profile was correlated with measures of emotion and behavior problems and not with inattentive symptomatology or cognitive measures. There were no EEG differences between the ADHD/DP- and control groups. CONCLUSIONS An EEG/cognitive profile suggests a distinct pattern of underlying neural dysfunction with the CBCL/DP that might ultimately serve as a biosignature. Further work is required to identify potential relationships with clinically defined psychiatric disorders, particularly those of dysregulated mood.
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46
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Genome-wide association study of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity measured as quantitative traits. Twin Res Hum Genet 2013; 16:560-74. [PMID: 23527680 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) offer the benefit of a hypothesis-free approach to measuring the quantitative effect of genetic variants on affection status. Generally the findings of GWAS relying on ADHD status have been non-significant, but the one study using quantitative measures of symptoms found SLC9A9 and SLC6A1 were associated with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Accordingly, we performed a GWAS using quantitative measures of each ADHD subtype measured with the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD and Normal Behaviour (SWAN) scale in two community-based samples. This scale captures the full range of attention and kinetic behavior; from high levels of attention and appropriate activity to the inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity associated with ADHD within two community-based samples. Our discovery sample comprised 1,851 participants (mean age = 22.8 years [4.8]; 50.6% female), while our replication sample comprised 155 participants (mean age = 26.3 years [3.1]; 68.4% females). Age, sex, age × sex, and age2 were included as covariates and the results from each sample were combined using meta-analysis, then analyzed with a gene-based test to estimate the combined effect of markers within genes. We compare our results with markers that have previously been found to have a strong association with ADHD symptoms. Neither the GWAS nor subsequent meta-analyses yielded genome-wide significant results; the strongest effect was observed at rs2110267 (4.62 × 10-7) for symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity. The strongest effect in the gene-based test was for GPR139 on symptoms of inattention (6.40 × 10-5). Replication of this study with larger samples will add to our understanding of the genetic etiology of ADHD.
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Killeen PR, Russell VA, Sergeant JA. A behavioral neuroenergetics theory of ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:625-57. [PMID: 23454637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Energetic insufficiency in neurons due to inadequate lactate supply is implicated in several neuropathologies, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). By formalizing the mechanism and implications of such constraints on function, the behavioral Neuroenergetics Theory (NeT) predicts the results of many neuropsychological tasks involving individuals with ADHD and kindred dysfunctions, and entails many novel predictions. The associated diffusion model predicts that response times will follow a mixture of Wald distributions from the attentive state, and ex-Wald distributions after attentional lapses. It is inferred from the model that ADHD participants can bring only 75-85% of the neurocognitive energy to bear on tasks, and allocate only about 85% of the cognitive resources of comparison groups. Parameters derived from the model in specific tasks predict performance in other tasks, and in clinical conditions often associated with ADHD. The primary action of therapeutic stimulants is to increase norepinephrine in active regions of the brain. This activates glial adrenoceptors, increasing the release of lactate from astrocytes to fuel depleted neurons. The theory is aligned with other approaches and integrated with more general theories of ADHD. Therapeutic implications are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Killeen
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
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Quast C, Altmann A, Weber P, Arloth J, Bader D, Heck A, Pfister H, Müller-Myhsok B, Erhardt A, Binder EB. Rare variants in TMEM132D in a case-control sample for panic disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:896-907. [PMID: 22911938 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified common variants associated with common diseases. Most variants, however, explain only a small proportion of the estimated heritability, suggesting that rare variants might contribute to a larger extent to common diseases than assumed to date. Here, we use next-generation sequencing to test whether such variants contribute to the risk for anxiety disorders by re-sequencing 40 kb including all exons of the TMEM132D locus which we have previously shown to be associated with panic disorder and anxiety severity measures. DNA from 300 patients suffering from anxiety disorders, mostly panic disorder (84.7%), and 300 healthy controls was screened for the presence of genetic variants using next-generation re-sequencing in a pooled approach. Results were verified by individual re-genotyping. We identified 371 variants of which 247 had not been reported before, including 15 novel non-synonymous variants. The majority, 76% of these variants had a minor allele frequency less than 5%. While we did not identify additional common variants in TMEM132D associated with panic disorders, we observed an overrepresentation of presumably functional coding variants in healthy controls as compared to cases as well as a higher rate of private coding variants in cases, with one non-synonymous coding variant present in four patients but not in any of the matched controls nor in over 5,500 individuals of different ethnic origins from publicly available re-sequencing datasets. Our data suggest that not only common but also putatively functional and/or rare variants within TMEM132D might contribute to the risk to develop anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Quast
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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49
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Erhardt A, Akula N, Schumacher J, Czamara D, Karbalai N, Müller-Myhsok B, Mors O, Borglum A, Kristensen AS, Woldbye DPD, Koefoed P, Eriksson E, Maron E, Metspalu A, Nurnberger J, Philibert RA, Kennedy J, Domschke K, Reif A, Deckert J, Otowa T, Kawamura Y, Kaiya H, Okazaki Y, Tanii H, Tokunaga K, Sasaki T, Ioannidis JPA, McMahon FJ, Binder EB. Replication and meta-analysis of TMEM132D gene variants in panic disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e156. [PMID: 22948381 PMCID: PMC3565207 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study in patients with panic disorder (PD) identified a risk haplotype consisting of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7309727 and rs11060369) located in intron 3 of TMEM132D to be associated with PD in three independent samples. Now we report a subsequent confirmation study using five additional PD case-control samples (n = 1670 cases and n = 2266 controls) assembled as part of the Panic Disorder International Consortium (PanIC) study for a total of 2678 cases and 3262 controls in the analysis. In the new independent samples of European ancestry (EA), the association of rs7309727 and the risk haplotype rs7309727-rs11060369 was, indeed, replicated, with the strongest signal coming from patients with primary PD, that is, patients without major psychiatric comorbidities (n = 1038 cases and n = 2411 controls). This finding was paralleled by the results of the meta-analysis across all samples, in which the risk haplotype and rs7309727 reached P-levels of P = 1.4e-8 and P = 1.1e-8, respectively, when restricting the samples to individuals of EA with primary PD. In the Japanese sample no associations with PD could be found. The present results support the initial finding that TMEM132D gene contributes to genetic susceptibility for PD in individuals of EA. Our results also indicate that patient ascertainment and genetic background could be important sources of heterogeneity modifying this association signal in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erhardt
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - N Akula
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Schumacher
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Czamara
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - N Karbalai
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - O Mors
- Department of Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Borglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A S Kristensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D P D Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koefoed
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Eriksson
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Maron
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia,Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R A Philibert
- Behavioural Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - J Kennedy
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Otowa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kawamura
- Research Center for Panic Disorder, Nagoya Mental Clinic, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Kaiya
- Akasaka Mental Clinic, Tokyo, Japan,Research Center for PanIC Disorder, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Okazaki
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tanii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - K Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Sasaki
- Laboratory of Health Education, Graduate School of Education, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J P A Ioannidis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Departments of Medicine, Health Research and Policy, and Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E B Binder
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
It is crucial to characterize self-regulation in children. We compared the temperamental profiles of children with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) to profiles associated with other CBCL-derived syndromes. 382 children (204 boys; aged 5-18) from a large family study were examined. Temperamental profiles were based on the Juvenile Temperament and Character Inventory. Children with the CBCL-DP had a temperamental profile characterized by high Novelty Seeking, high Harm Avoidance, low Reward Dependence and low Persistence. Linear mixed models and regression-based models demonstrated that the CBCL-DP was associated with a "disengaged" temperamental profile. This profile is similar to the profile seen in adult disorders of self-regulation, including cluster B personality disorders. These results support the hypothesis that the CBCL-DP measures poor self-regulation.
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