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Kohler R, Lichenstein SD, Cheng A, Holmes A, Bzdok D, Pearlson G, Yip SW. Identification of a Composite Latent Dimension of Reward and Impulsivity Across Clinical, Behavioral, and Neurobiological Domains Among Youth. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:407-416. [PMID: 38052266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in reward processing are central to heightened risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, but there is inconsistent evidence for the relationship between risk-taking phenotypes and the neural substrates of these behaviors. METHODS Here, we identify latent features of reward in an attempt to provide a unifying framework linking together aspects of the brain and behavior during early adolescence using a multivariate pattern learning approach. Data (N = 8295; n male = 4190; n female = 4105) were acquired as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and included neuroimaging (regional neural activity responses during reward anticipation) and behavioral (e.g., impulsivity measures, delay discounting) variables. RESULTS We revealed a single latent dimension of reward driven by shared covariation between striatal, thalamic, and anterior cingulate responses during reward anticipation, negative urgency, and delay discounting behaviors. Expression of these latent features differed among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorder, compared with those without, and higher expression of these latent features was negatively associated with multiple dimensions of executive function and cognition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cross-domain patterns of anticipatory reward processing linked to negative features of impulsivity exist in both the brain and in behavior during early adolescence and that these are representative of 2 commonly diagnosed reward-related psychiatric disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorder. Furthermore, they provide an explicit baseline from which multivariate developmental trajectories of reward processes may be tracked in later waves of the ABCD Study and other developmental cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Sarah D Lichenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Annie Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Avram Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada and Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, BIC, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah W Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Ivanov I, Krone B, Schulz K, Shaik RB, Parvaz MA, Newcorn JH. Effects of Stimulant Treatment on Changes in Brain Activation During Reward Notifications in Drug Naïve Youth With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:847-860. [PMID: 38293912 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231219762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research examining the potential effects of stimulant exposure in childhood on subsequent development of substance use disorder (SUD) have focused on differences in the brain reward system as a function of risk. METHODS 18 drug naïve children ages 7 to 12 years (11 High Risk [ADHD + ODD/CD]; 7 Low Risk [ADHD only]), underwent fMRI scans before and after treatment with mixed amphetamine salts, extended release (MAS-XR). We examined correlations between clinical ratings and fMRI activation at baseline and following treatment as a function of risk status. RESULTS High Risk children had higher activation than Low Risk children at baseline during both the Reward and Surprising Non-Reward conditions. Treatment produced strong differential effects on brain activation pertinent to group and reward outcome. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the hypothesized role of reward mechanisms in SUD risk, and suggest that stimulant treatment may have differential effects on reward processing in relation to SUD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Ivanov
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beth Krone
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurt Schulz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riaz B Shaik
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Aster HC, Waltmann M, Busch A, Romanos M, Gamer M, Maria van Noort B, Beck A, Kappel V, Deserno L. Impaired flexible reward learning in ADHD patients is associated with blunted reinforcement sensitivity and neural signals in ventral striatum and parietal cortex. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 42:103588. [PMID: 38471434 PMCID: PMC10943992 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Reward-based learning and decision-making are prime candidates to understand symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, only limited evidence is available regarding the neurocomputational underpinnings of the alterations seen in ADHD. This concerns flexible behavioral adaption in dynamically changing environments, which is challenging for individuals with ADHD. One previous study points to elevated choice switching in adolescent ADHD, which was accompanied by disrupted learning signals in medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we investigated young adults with ADHD (n = 17) as compared to age- and sex-matched controls (n = 17) using a probabilistic reversal learning experiment during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The task requires continuous learning to guide flexible behavioral adaptation to changing reward contingencies. To disentangle the neurocomputational underpinnings of the behavioral data, we used reinforcement learning (RL) models, which informed the analysis of fMRI data. ADHD patients performed worse than controls particularly in trials before reversals, i.e., when reward contingencies were stable. This pattern resulted from 'noisy' choice switching regardless of previous feedback. RL modelling showed decreased reinforcement sensitivity and enhanced learning rates for negative feedback in ADHD patients. At the neural level, this was reflected in a diminished representation of choice probability in the left posterior parietal cortex in ADHD. Moreover, modelling showed a marginal reduction of learning about the unchosen option, which was paralleled by a marginal reduction in learning signals incorporating the unchosen option in the left ventral striatum. Taken together, we show that impaired flexible behavior in ADHD is due to excessive choice switching ('hyper-flexibility'), which can be detrimental or beneficial depending on the learning environment. Computationally, this resulted from blunted sensitivity to reinforcement of which we detected neural correlates in the attention-control network, specifically in the parietal cortex. These neurocomputational findings remain preliminary due to the relatively small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christoph Aster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Waltmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Busch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gamer
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Betteke Maria van Noort
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; MSB Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Viola Kappel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Baumeister S, Moessnang C, Bast N, Hohmann S, Aggensteiner P, Kaiser A, Tillmann J, Goyard D, Charman T, Ambrosino S, Baron-Cohen S, Beckmann C, Bölte S, Bourgeron T, Rausch A, Crawley D, Dell'Acqua F, Dumas G, Durston S, Ecker C, Floris DL, Frouin V, Hayward H, Holt R, Johnson MH, Jones EJH, Lai MC, Lombardo MV, Mason L, Oakley B, Oldehinkel M, Persico AM, San José Cáceres A, Wolfers T, Loth E, Murphy DGM, Buitelaar JK, Tost H, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D. Processing of social and monetary rewards in autism spectrum disorders. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 222:100-111. [PMID: 36700346 PMCID: PMC9929925 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward processing has been proposed to underpin the atypical social feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the specificity of atypicalities for social reward processing in ASD. AIMS Utilising a large sample, we aimed to assess reward processing in response to reward type (social, monetary) and reward phase (anticipation, delivery) in ASD. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging during social and monetary reward anticipation and delivery was performed in 212 individuals with ASD (7.6-30.6 years of age) and 181 typically developing participants (7.6-30.8 years of age). RESULTS Across social and monetary reward anticipation, whole-brain analyses showed hypoactivation of the right ventral striatum in participants with ASD compared with typically developing participants. Further, region of interest analysis across both reward types yielded ASD-related hypoactivation in both the left and right ventral striatum. Across delivery of social and monetary reward, hyperactivation of the ventral striatum in individuals with ASD did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Dimensional analyses of autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scores were not significant. In categorical analyses, post hoc comparisons showed that ASD effects were most pronounced in participants with ASD without co-occurring ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support current theories linking atypical social interaction in ASD to specific alterations in social reward processing. Instead, they point towards a generalised hypoactivity of ventral striatum in ASD during anticipation of both social and monetary rewards. We suggest this indicates attenuated reward seeking in ASD independent of social content and that elevated ADHD symptoms may attenuate altered reward seeking in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Moessnang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nico Bast
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pascal Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Tillmann
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom and Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Goyard
- Neurospin Centre CEA, Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Ambrosino
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Christian Beckmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden and School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Annika Rausch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy Crawley
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Durston
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dorothea L. Floris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hannah Hayward
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Rosemary Holt
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark H. Johnson
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK and Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - Emily J. H. Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada and Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Michael V. Lombardo
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK and Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Italy
| | - Luke Mason
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - Bethany Oakley
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Marianne Oldehinkel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, the Netherlands and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio M. Persico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Program at Modena University Hospital, & Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonia San José Cáceres
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Loth
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Declan G. M. Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands and Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Functional connectivity based brain signatures of behavioral regulation in children with ADHD, DCD, and ADHD-DCD. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:85-94. [PMID: 34937602 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral regulation problems have been associated with daily-life and mental health challenges in children with neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Here, we investigated transdiagnostic brain signatures associated with behavioral regulation. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 115 children (31 typically developing (TD), 35 ADHD, 21 DCD, 28 ADHD-DCD) aged 7-17 years. Behavioral regulation was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and was found to differ between children with ADHD (i.e., children with ADHD and ADHD-DCD) and without ADHD (i.e., TD children and children with DCD). Functional connectivity (FC) maps were computed for 10 regions of interest and FC maps were tested for correlations with behavioral regulation scores. Across the entire sample, greater behavioral regulation problems were associated with stronger negative FC within prefrontal pathways and visual reward pathways, as well as with weaker positive FC in frontostriatal reward pathways. These findings significantly increase our knowledge on FC in children with and without ADHD and highlight the potential of FC as brain-based signatures of behavioral regulation across children with differing neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Cao A, Hong D, Che C, Yu X, Cai Z, Yang X, Zhang D, Yu P. The distinct role of orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortex in encoding impulsive choices in an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1039288. [PMID: 36688128 PMCID: PMC9859629 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1039288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder affecting up to 5% of children worldwide. The lack of understanding of ADHD etiology prevented the development of effective treatment for the disease. Here, using in vivo electrophysiology recordings, we have recorded and analyzed the neuronal encoding of delay discounting behavior in prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). We found that in the presence of rewards, neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were activated regardless to the value of the rewards and OFC neurons in SHR exhibited significantly higher rates of neuronal discharging towards the presence of rewards. While in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), neurons of SHR responded similarly in the presence of large rewards compared with control rats whereas they displayed higher firing rates towards smaller rewards. In addition, the reward-predicting neurons in the OFC encodes for value of rewards in control animals and they were strongly activated upon receiving a small immediate reinforcer in the SHR whereas the reward-predicting neurons in the mPFC neurons generally did not respond to the value of the rewards. Our study characterized the neuronal discharging patterns of OFC and mPFC neurons in the SHR and the control animals and provided novel insights for further understanding the neuronal basis of ADHD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, College of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Che
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhifeng Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Di Zhang Ping Yu
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, College of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Di Zhang Ping Yu
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Li W, Chen X, Luo Y, Luo L, Chen H. Orbitofrontal neural dissociation of healthy and unhealthy food reward sensitivity in normal-weight binge eaters. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114736. [PMID: 35932570 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been repeatedly found to play an important role in food reward processing and binge eating (BE) episodes. However, most studies have focused mainly on reward-related neural alterations in clinical binge eating patients, with little consideration of preclinical individuals with BE that are more likely to develop from non-clinical individuals to clinical patients in the future. This study aimed to examine whether preclinical binge eaters exhibited OFC-related resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the context of food reward. METHOD Binge eaters (BE group, n = 28) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 28) matched for age and body mass index (BMI) underwent rs-fMRI scans and completed self-reported assessment of BE symptoms. Food reward sensitivity was measured using the modified food incentive delay task. Analysis of covariance was used to assess the between-group differences in the medial and lateral OFC (a priori selected regions of interest) connectivity patterns in the context of food reward, while controlling for age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS Lower unhealthy food (UF) reward sensitivity was significantly associated with stronger inverse OFC-putamen connectivity for HCs, while the BE group showed no association between UF reward sensitivity and the OFC-putamen connectivity. Higher healthy food (HF) reward sensitivity in the BE group was significantly correlated with stronger positive OFC-middle frontal gyrus and OFC-inferior parietal gyrus connectivity, while the opposite was found for HCs. CONCLUSIONS Binge eaters showed less functional synchrony within reward regions contributing to the UF reward sensitivity, but enhanced neural interactions between reward and inhibitory control regions correlated with the HF reward sensitivity. These novel findings may demonstrate the potential orbitofrontal neural dissociation of unhealthy and healthy food reward sensitivity in normal-weight binge eaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Chongqing 400715, China.
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8
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Chiang HL, Tseng WYI, Wey HY, Gau SSF. Shared intrinsic functional connectivity alterations as a familial risk marker for ADHD: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study with sibling design. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1736-1745. [PMID: 33046145 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), we have a limited understanding of whether connectivity alterations are related to the familial risk of ADHD. METHODS Fifty-three probands with ADHD, their unaffected siblings (n = 53) and typically developing controls (n = 53) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. A seed-based approach with the bilateral precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was used to derive a whole-brain functional connectivity map in each subject. The differences in functional connectivity among the three groups were tested with one-way ANOVA using randomized permutation. Comparisons between two groups were also performed to examine the increase or decrease in connectivity. The severity of ADHD symptoms was used to identify brain regions where symptom severity is correlated to the strength of intrinsic functional connectivity. RESULTS When compared to controls, both probands and unaffected siblings showed increased functional connectivity in the left insula and left inferior frontal gyrus. The connectivity in these regions was linked to better performance in response inhibition in the control group but absent in other groups. Higher ADHD symptom severity was correlated with increased functional connectivity in bilateral fronto-parietal-temporal regions only noted in probands with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in resting-state functional connectivities with the precuneus/PCC, hubs of default-mode network, account for the underlying familial risks of ADHD. Since the left insula and left inferior frontal gyri are key regions of the salience and frontoparietal network, respectively, future studies focusing on alterations of cross-network functional connectivity as the familial risk of ADHD are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sensitization-based risk for substance abuse in vulnerable individuals with ADHD: Review and re-examination of evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104575. [PMID: 35151770 PMCID: PMC9893468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of sensitization following stimulants administration in humans is just emerging, which prevents reaching more definitive conclusions in favor or against a purported protective role of stimulant treatments for ADHD for the development of substance use disorders. Existing evidence from both animal and human research suggest that stimulants produce neurophysiological changes in the brain reward system, some of which could be persistent. This could be relevant in choosing optimal treatments for young patients with ADHD who have additional clinical risk factors for substance abuse (e.g. conduct disorder (CD) and/or familial addictions). Here we stipulate that, while the majority of youth with ADHD greatly benefit from treatments with stimulants, there might be a subpopulation of individuals whose neurobiological profiles may confer risk for heightened vulnerability to the effects of stimulants on the responsiveness of the brain reward system. We propose that focused human research is needed to elucidate the unknown effects of prolonged stimulant exposure on the neurophysiology of the brain reward system in young patients with ADHD.
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10
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Natsheh JY, Espinoza D, Bhimani S, Shiflett MW. The effects of the dopamine D2/3 agonist quinpirole on incentive value and palatability-based choice in a rodent model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3143-3153. [PMID: 34313801 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Palatability and incentive value influence animal food choice. Dopamine D2/3 receptor signaling may mediate the effects of palatability and incentive value on choice. Dopamine signaling is disrupted in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Investigating behavioral choice processes under D2/3 receptor agonists will help elucidate behavioral and pharmacological correlates of ADHD. OBJECTIVES To determine (1) how changes in incentive value affects choice of actions for outcomes that differ in palatability; (2) the effects of the D2/3 agonist quinpirole on choice based on palatability and incentive value; (3) how choice differs in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; ADHD model) compared with control strains. METHODS Rats responded instrumentally for two food outcomes (chocolate and grain pellets) that differed in palatability. Following specific satiety of one outcome, rats underwent a choice test. Prior to the choice test, rats were given intra-peritoneal quinpirole (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) body weight. These manipulations were conducted in three strains of rats: SHR rats; the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls; and Wistar outbred (WIS) controls. RESULTS All rat strains responded more vigorously for chocolate pellets compared with grain pellets. Quinpirole reduced the effects of palatability and dose-dependently increased the effects of incentive value on choice. SHR rats were the least influenced by incentive value, whereas WKY rats were the least influenced by palatability. CONCLUSIONS These results show that D2/3 signaling modulates choice based on palatability and incentive value. Disruption of this process in SHR rats may mirror motivational impairments observed in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joman Y Natsheh
- Children's Specialized Hospital Research Center, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.,Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.,Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Diego Espinoza
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Shaznaan Bhimani
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Michael William Shiflett
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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11
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Van Dessel J, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Moerkerke M, Van der Oord S, Morsink S, Lemiere J, Danckaerts M. The Limits of Motivational Influence in ADHD: No Evidence for an Altered Reaction to Negative Reinforcement. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:482-492. [PMID: 34643738 PMCID: PMC9071417 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported a diminished response in the brain’s reward circuits to contingent cues predicting future monetary gain in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The situation with regard to monetary loss is less clear, despite recognition that both positive and negative consequences impact ADHD behaviour. Here, we employ a new Escape Monetary Loss Incentive task in an MRI scanner, which allows the differentiation of contingency and valence effects during loss avoidance, to examine ADHD-related alterations in monetary loss processing. There was no evidence of atypical processing of contingent or non-contingent monetary loss cues in ADHD — either in terms of ratings of emotional and motivational significance or brain responses. This suggests that the ability to process contingencies between performance and negative outcomes is intact in ADHD and that individuals with ADHD are no more (or less) sensitive to negative outcomes than controls. This latter finding stands in stark contrast to recent evidence from a similar task of atypical emotion network recruitment (e.g. amygdala) in ADHD individuals to cues predicting another negative event, the imposition of delay, suggesting marked specificity in the way they respond to negative events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van Dessel
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, UPC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Moerkerke
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, UPC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saskia Van der Oord
- Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Morsink
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, UPC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Lemiere
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, UPC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Danckaerts
- Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, UPC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Maternal serotonin transporter genotype and offsprings' clinical and cognitive measures of ADHD and ASD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110354. [PMID: 34000292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is an important factor for prenatal neurodevelopment whereby its neurotrophic actions can be regulated through maternal-fetal interactions. We explored if maternal 5-HTTLPR genotype is associated with clinical and cognitive measures of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in typically-developing and ADHD-diagnosed offspring, beyond classical inheritance and environmental- and comorbidity-mediators/confounders. Family-based variance decomposition analyses were performed incorporating 6-31 year-old offsprings' as well as parental genotypes of 462 ADHD and control families from the NeuroIMAGE cohort. Dependent measures were offsprings' ADHD symptom- and ASD trait-scores and cognitive measures including executive functioning (including response inhibition and cognitive flexibility), sustained attention, reward processing, motor control, and emotion recognition. Offsprings' stereotyped behavior was predicted by an interaction between maternal 5-HTTLPR genotype and offsprings' sex. Furthermore, offspring of mothers with low-expressing genotypes demonstrated larger reward-related reductions in reaction time. While specifically adult male offspring of these mothers reported a faster reversal learning with less errors, specifically young female offspring of these mothers were more accurate in identifying happy faces. Adult offspring from the mothers with low-expressing 5-HTTLPR genotypes were also slower in identifying happy faces. However, this association seemed to be mediated by offsprings' high anxiety levels. In sum, we found some support for a role of the maternal 5-HT system in modulating fetal brain development and behavior. Offsprings' cognitive measures might be more sensitive to small alterations within the maternal 5-HT system than their ADHD and ASD clinical phenotypes. Further studies are needed to specify the association between maternal genotype and risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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13
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Dickstein DP, Barthelemy CM, Jenkins GA, DeYoung LLA, Gilbert AC, Radoeva P, Kim KL, MacPherson HA. This Is Your Brain on Irritability: A Clinician's Guide to Understanding How We Know What We Know Now, and What We Need to Know in the Future, About Irritability in Children and Adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2021; 30:649-666. [PMID: 34053692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Irritability is a common reason why children and adolescents are brought for psychiatric care. Although research is advancing what is known about the underlying brain and behavior mechanisms of irritability, clinicians often are shut out of that research. This article explains some of these research methods, providing brief summaries of what is known about brain/behavior mechanisms in disorders involving irritability, including bipolar disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Greater access to these methods may help clinicians now and in the future, with such mechanisms translated into improved care, as occurs in the treatment of childhood leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Dickstein
- PediMIND Program, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, USA; Simches Center of Excellence in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
| | - Christine M Barthelemy
- PediMIND Program, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, USA; Simches Center of Excellence in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Gracie A Jenkins
- PediMIND Program, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, USA; Simches Center of Excellence in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Lena L A DeYoung
- PediMIND Program, Mclean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, USA; Simches Center of Excellence in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Anna C Gilbert
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Brown University (Prior PediMIND Program Members)
| | - Petya Radoeva
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Brown University (Prior PediMIND Program Members)
| | - Kerri L Kim
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Brown University (Prior PediMIND Program Members)
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14
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Grimm O, van Rooij D, Hoogman M, Klein M, Buitelaar J, Franke B, Reif A, Plichta MM. Transdiagnostic neuroimaging of reward system phenotypes in ADHD and comorbid disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:165-181. [PMID: 34144113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ADHD is a disorder characterized by changes in the reward system and which is highly comorbid with other mental disorders, suggesting common neurobiological pathways. Transdiagnostic neuroimaging findings could help to understand whether a dysregulated reward pathway might be the actual link between ADHD and its comorbidities. We here synthesize ADHD neuroimaging findings on the reward system with findings in obesity, depression, and substance use disorder including their comorbid appearance regarding neuroanatomical features (structural MRI) and activation patterns (resting-state and functional MRI). We focus on findings from monetary-incentive-delay (MID) and delay-discounting (DD) tasks and then review data on striatal connectivity and volumetry. Next, for better understanding of comorbidity in adult ADHD, we discuss these neuroimaging features in ADHD, obesity, depression and substance use disorder and ask whether ADHD heterogeneity and comorbidity are reflected by a common dysregulation in the reward system. Finally, we highlight conceptual issues related to heterogeneous paradigms, different phenotyping, longitudinal prediction and highlight some promising future directions for using striatal reward functioning as a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Klein
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael M Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Genetic variations influence brain changes in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:349. [PMID: 34091591 PMCID: PMC8179928 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and neurodevelopmental childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, restlessness, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may continue in 55-66% of cases from childhood into adulthood. Even though the precise etiology of ADHD is not fully understood, it is considered as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with several contributing factors such as heritability, auxiliary to neurodevelopmental issues, severe brain injuries, neuroinflammation, consanguineous marriages, premature birth, and exposure to environmental toxins. Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments may help to explore the possible role of genetic variations on ADHD neuropsychobiology. Multiple genetic studies have observed a strong genetic association with various aspects of neuropsychobiological functions, including neural abnormalities and delayed neurodevelopment in ADHD. The advancement in neuroimaging and molecular genomics offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of genetic variations alongside its dysregulated pathways on structural and functional derived brain imaging phenotypes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ADHD. Recently, neuroimaging genomic studies observed a significant association of brain imaging phenotypes with genetic susceptibility in ADHD. Integrating the neuroimaging-derived phenotypes with genomics deciphers various neurobiological pathways that can be leveraged for the development of novel clinical biomarkers, new treatment modalities as well as therapeutic interventions for ADHD patients. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of ADHD with particular emphasis on structural and functional changes in the ADHD brain and their interactions with complex genomic variations utilizing imaging genetics methodologies. We also highlight the genetic variants supposedly allied with the development of ADHD and how these, in turn, may affect the brain circuit function and related behaviors. In addition to reviewing imaging genetic studies, we also examine the need for complementary approaches at various levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating results to explore biological pathways involved in ADHD disorder. These approaches include animal models, computational biology, bioinformatics analyses, and multimodal imaging genetics studies.
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16
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Detrick JA, Zink C, Rosch KS, Horn PS, Huddleston DA, Crocetti D, Wu SW, Pedapati EV, Wassermann EM, Mostofsky SH, Gilbert DL. Motor cortex modulation and reward in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab093. [PMID: 34041478 PMCID: PMC8134834 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the most prevalent developmental disorder in childhood, is a biologically heterogenous condition characterized by impaired attention and impulse control as well as motoric hyperactivity and anomalous motor skill development. Neuropsychological testing often demonstrates impairments in motivation and reward-related decision making in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, believed to indicate dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway. Development of reliable, non-invasive, easily obtained and quantitative biomarkers correlating with the presence and severity of clinical symptoms and impaired domains of function could aid in identifying meaningful attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subgroups and targeting appropriate treatments. To this end, 55 (37 male) 8–12-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 50 (32 male) age-matched, typically-developing controls were enrolled in a transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol—used previously to quantify cortical disinhibition in both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson’s Disease—with a child-friendly reward motivation task. The primary outcomes were reward task-induced changes in short interval cortical inhibition and up-modulation of motor evoked potential amplitudes, evaluated using mixed model, repeated measure regression. Our results show that both reward cues and reward receipt reduce short-interval cortical inhibition, and that baseline differences by diagnosis (less inhibition in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) were no longer present when reward was cued or received. Similarly, both reward cues and reward receipt up-modulated motor evoked potential amplitudes, but, differentiating the two groups, this Task-Related-Up-Modulation was decreased in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, more severe hyperactive/impulsive symptoms correlated significantly with less up-modulation with success in obtaining reward. These results suggest that in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, short interval cortical inhibition may reflect baseline deficiencies as well as processes that normalize performance under rewarded conditions. Task-Related-Up-Modulation may reflect general hypo-responsiveness in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder to both reward cue and, especially in more hyperactive/impulsive children, to successful reward receipt. These findings support transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked cortical inhibition and task-induced excitability as biomarkers of clinically relevant domains of dysfunction in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Detrick
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Caroline Zink
- Baltimore Research and Education Foundation, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keri Shiels Rosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuropsychology, Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David A Huddleston
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Deana Crocetti
- Department of Neuropsychology, Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steve W Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ernest V Pedapati
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric M Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuropsychology, Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald L Gilbert
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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17
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Demidenko MI, Weigard AS, Ganesan K, Jang H, Jahn A, Huntley ED, Keating DP. Interactions between methodological and interindividual variability: How Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task contrast maps vary and impact associations with behavior. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02093. [PMID: 33750042 PMCID: PMC8119872 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenomena related to reward responsiveness have been extensively studied in their associations with substance use and socioemotional functioning. One important task in this literature is the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. By cueing and delivering performance-contingent reward, the MID task has been demonstrated to elicit robust activation of neural circuits involved in different phases of reward responsiveness. However, systematic evaluations of common MID task contrasts have been limited to between-study comparisons of group-level activation maps, limiting their ability to directly evaluate how researchers' choice of contrasts impacts conclusions about individual differences in reward responsiveness or brain-behavior associations. METHODS In a sample of 104 participants (Age Mean = 19.3, SD = 1.3), we evaluate similarities and differences between contrasts in: group- and individual-level activation maps using Jaccard's similarity index, region of interest (ROI) mean signal intensities using Pearson's r, and associations between ROI mean signal intensity and psychological measures using Bayesian correlation. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate more similarities than differences between win and loss cues during the anticipation contrast, dissimilarity between some win anticipation contrasts, an apparent deactivation effect in the outcome phase, likely stemming from the blood oxygen level-dependent undershoot, and behavioral associations that are less robust than previously reported. CONCLUSION Consistent with recent empirical findings, this work has practical implications for helping researchers interpret prior MID studies and make more informed a priori decisions about how their contrast choices may modify results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander S Weigard
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hyesue Jang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Jahn
- The Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward D Huntley
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel P Keating
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Bretzke M, Wahl H, Plichta MM, Wolff N, Roessner V, Vetter NC, Buse J. Ventral Striatal Activation During Reward Anticipation of Different Reward Probabilities in Adolescents and Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:649724. [PMID: 33958995 PMCID: PMC8093817 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.649724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence has been linked to an enhanced tolerance of uncertainty and risky behavior and is possibly connected to an increased response toward rewards. However, previous research has produced inconsistent findings. To investigate whether these findings are due to different reward probabilities used in the experimental design, we extended a monetary incentive delay (MID) task by including three different reward probabilities. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, 25 healthy adolescents and 22 adults were studied during anticipation of rewards in the VS. Differently colored cue stimuli indicated either a monetary or verbal trial and symbolized different reward probabilities, to which the participants were blinded. Results demonstrated faster reaction times for lower reward probabilities (33%) in both age groups. Adolescents were slower through all conditions and had less activation on a neural level. Imaging results showed a three-way interaction between age group x condition x reward probability with differences in percent signal change between adolescents and adults for the high reward probabilities (66%, 88%) while adolescents demonstrated differences for the lowest (33%). Therefore, previous inconsistent findings could be due to different reward probabilities, which makes examining these crucial for a better understanding of adolescent and adult behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bretzke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannes Wahl
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael M Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole Wolff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora C Vetter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Buse
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Chauvin RJ, Buitelaar JK, Sprooten E, Oldehinkel M, Franke B, Hartman C, Heslenfeld DJ, Hoekstra PJ, Oosterlaan J, Beckmann CF, Mennes M. Task-generic and task-specific connectivity modulations in the ADHD brain: an integrated analysis across multiple tasks. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:159. [PMID: 33750765 PMCID: PMC7943764 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with altered functioning in multiple cognitive domains and neural networks. This paper offers an overarching biological perspective across these. We applied a novel strategy that extracts functional connectivity modulations in the brain across one (Psingle), two (Pmix) or three (Pall) cognitive tasks and compared the pattern of modulations between participants with ADHD (n-89), unaffected siblings (n = 93) and controls (n = 84; total N = 266; age range = 8-27 years). Participants with ADHD had significantly fewer Pall connections (modulated regardless of task), but significantly more task-specific (Psingle) connectivity modulations than the other groups. The amplitude of these Psingle modulations was significantly higher in ADHD. Unaffected siblings showed a similar degree of Pall connectivity modulation as controls but a similar degree of Psingle connectivity modulation as ADHD probands. Pall connections were strongly reproducible at the individual level in controls, but showed marked heterogeneity in both participants with ADHD and unaffected siblings. The pattern of reduced task-generic and increased task-specific connectivity modulations in ADHD may be interpreted as reflecting a less efficient functional brain architecture due to a reduction in the ability to generalise processing pathways across multiple cognitive domains. The higher amplitude of unique task-specific connectivity modulations in ADHD may index a more "effortful" coping strategy. Unaffected siblings displayed a task connectivity profile in between that of controls and ADHD probands, supporting an endophenotype view. Our approach provides a new perspective on the core neural underpinnings of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselyne J. Chauvin
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.461871.d0000 0004 0624 8031Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Sprooten
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Oldehinkel
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Barbara Franke
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina Hartman
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group at Emma Children’s Hospital, department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group at Emma Children’s Hospital, department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Clinical Neuropsychology section, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechortstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F. Beckmann
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maarten Mennes
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Effects of substance misuse on reward-processing in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:622-631. [PMID: 33184474 PMCID: PMC8027205 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) often co-occur and are associated with treatment resistance. Both disorders are characterized by similar reward-processing deficits with decreased striatal responses to reward anticipation, though literature is inconsistent. It is unclear whether substance misuse exaggerates reward-processing deficits observed in ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine substance misuse effects on reward-processing in ADHD. Functional MRI data in a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task from a multi-site study were compared across ADHD groups with and without substance misuse (ADHD + SM and ADHD-only, respectively) and healthy controls (n = 40/group, 74 males and 46 females, aged 13.7-25.9 years). Substance misuse was defined as misuse of alcohol, nicotine, or drugs. Groups were matched with presence/absence of parental SUD to avoid interference with SUD trait effects. Compared to ADHD-only and controls, ADHD + SM showed hyperactivation in putamen during reward anticipation. Compared to controls, the ADHD groups showed hypoactivation in motor/sensory cortices and hyperactivation in frontal pole and OFC during reward outcome. ADHD + SM also showed hyperactivation in frontal pole during neutral outcome. Moreover, ADHD + SM patients showed higher callous-unemotional (CU) traits that were positively correlated with putamen responses to reward anticipation. Our results show distinct condition-independent neural activation profile for ADHD + SM compared to ADHD-only and controls. Effects of comorbid substance misuse and variability of its prevalence across ADHD studies might have contributed to inconsistencies in ADHD literature. Contrasted with findings for reward-processing in SUD literature, results potentially suggest distinct underlying mechanisms for SUD subgroups with different characteristics, like antisocial/psychopathic traits.
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21
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Auerbach RP, Pagliaccio D, Allison GO, Alqueza KL, Alonso MF. Neural Correlates Associated With Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-injury in Youth. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:119-133. [PMID: 32782140 PMCID: PMC7726029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is no definitive neural marker of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) or nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and relative to adults, research in youth is more limited. This comprehensive review focuses on magnetic resonance imaging studies reporting structural and functional neural correlates of STBs and NSSI in youth to 1) elucidate shared and independent neural alternations, 2) clarify how developmental processes may interact with neural alterations to confer risk, and 3) provide recommendations based on convergence across studies. Forty-seven articles were reviewed (STBs = 27; NSSI = 20), and notably, 63% of STB articles and 45% of NSSI articles were published in the previous 3 years. Structural magnetic resonance imaging research suggests reduced volume in the ventral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices among youth reporting STBs, and there is reduced anterior cingulate cortex volume related to STBs and NSSI. With regard to functional alterations, blunted striatal activation may characterize STB and NSSI youth, and there is reduced frontolimbic task-based connectivity in suicide ideators and attempters. Resting-state functional connectivity findings highlight reduced positive connectivity between the default mode network and salience network in attempters and show that self-injurers exhibit frontolimbic alterations. Together, suicidal and nonsuicidal behaviors are related to top-down and bottom-up neural alterations, which may compromise approach, avoidance, and regulatory systems. Future longitudinal research with larger and well-characterized samples, especially those integrating ambulatory stress assessments, will be well positioned to identify novel targets that may improve early identification and treatment for youth with STBs and NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA,Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, New York, USA, Corresponding author: 1051 Riverside Drive, Pardes 2407, New York, NY 10032;
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Grace O. Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kira L. Alqueza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Lin HY, Kessler D, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Increased Functional Segregation Related to the Salience Network in Unaffected Siblings of Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:152-165. [PMID: 31778781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there are frequent reports of shared neurofunctional and neurostructural alterations among probands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their unaffected siblings, there is little knowledge regarding whether abnormalities in the resting-state functional connectivity of ADHD probands is also expressed in unaffected siblings, or whether this unaffected (but at-risk) cohort manifests distinct patterns. METHOD We used a multivariate connectome-wide association study examining intrinsic functional connectivity with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a sample (aged 8-17 years) of medication-naive ADHD probands (n = 56), their unaffected siblings (n = 55), and typically developing (TD) youths (n = 106). RESULTS ADHD probands showed, relative to TD youths, increased connectivity between the default-mode network (DMN) and task-positive networks. Relative to ADHD and TD groups, respectively, unaffected siblings showed increased connectivity within the salience network and reduced connectivity between the DMN and salience network. No shared alterations in functional connectivity among ADHD probands and their unaffected siblings were identified. These findings were largely confirmed by complementary pairwise connectomic comparisons. However, the main connectivity differences between ADHD and unaffected siblings were not replicated in a tightly age- and sex-matched subsample (20 proband-sibling pairs and 60 TD youths). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that increased functional segregation related to the attention networks, especially the salience (ventral attention) system, may be a potential feature of at-risk siblings who remain unaffected by ADHD expression. Further replications are needed in other larger and sex-matched samples. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Structural and Functional Connectivity of Frontostriatal and Frontoparietal Networks as Endophenotypes of ADHD; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01682915.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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23
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Liang Y, Fu G, Yu R, Bi Y, Ding XP. The Role of Reward System in Dishonest Behavior: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Brain Topogr 2020; 34:64-77. [PMID: 33135142 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that the cortical reward system plays an important role in deceptive behavior. However, how the reward system activates during the whole course of dishonest behavior and how it affects dishonest decisions remain unclear. The current study investigated these questions. One hundred and two participants were included in the final analysis. They completed two tasks: monetary incentive delay (MID) task and an honesty task. The MID task served as the localizer task and the honesty task was used to measure participants' deceptive behaviors. Participants' spontaneous responses in the honesty task were categorized into three conditions: Correct-Truth condition (tell the truth after guessing correctly), Incorrect-Truth condition (tell the truth after guessing incorrectly), and Incorrect-Lie condition (tell lies after guessing incorrectly). To reduce contamination from neighboring functional regions as well as to increase sensitivity to small effects (Powell et al., Devel Sci 21:e12595, 2018), we adopted the individual functional channel of interest (fCOI) approach to analyze the data. Specially, we identified the channels of interest in the MID task in individual participants and then applied them to the honesty task. The result suggested that the reward system showed different activation patterns during different phases: In the pre-decision phase, the reward system was activated with the winning of the reward. During the decision and feedback phase, the reward system was activated when people made the decisions to be dishonest and when they evaluated the outcome of their decisions. Furthermore, the result showed that neural activity of the reward system toward the outcome of their decision was related to subsequent dishonest behaviors. Thus, the present study confirmed the important role of the reward system in deception. These results can also shed light on how one could use neuroimaging techniques to perform lie-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibiao Liang
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genyue Fu
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Runxin Yu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.,Nuralogix (Hangzhou) Artificial Intelligence Company Limited, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Bi
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Pan Ding
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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24
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Dir AL, Allebach CL, Hummer TA, Adams ZW, Aalsma MC, Finn PR, Nurnberger JI, Hulvershorn LA. Atypical Cortical Activation During Risky Decision Making in Disruptive Behavior Disordered Youths With Histories of Suicidal Ideation. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:510-519. [PMID: 32007432 PMCID: PMC10568982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidality is a leading cause of death among adolescents. In addition to other psychiatric conditions, youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) are at heightened risk for suicide. Decision-making deficits are a hallmark symptom of ADHD and DBDs and are also implicated in suicidal behavior. We examined behavioral and neural differences in decision making among youths with ADHD and DBDs with (SI+) and without (SI-) histories of suicidal ideation. METHODS The Balloon Analog Risk Task, a risky decision-making task, was completed by 57 youths with ADHD and DBDs (38% SI+) during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Mean stop wager (mean wager at which youths bank money) was the primary measure of risk taking. We conducted whole-brain and region-of-interest analyses in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during choice (win vs. inflate) and outcome (inflate vs. explode) contrasts using parametric modulators accounting for probability of balloon explosion. RESULTS There were no differences between SI+ and SI- youths in Balloon Analog Risk Task performance. SI+ youths showed decreasing activation in the right medial frontal gyrus when choosing inflate as explosion probability increased compared with SI- youths. During explosions, SI- youths showed increasing activation in the left OFC as explosions became more likely. SI+ showed increasing left medial OFC activity in response to inflations as explosion probability increased. CONCLUSIONS SI+ youths may show heightened sensitivity to immediate reward and decreased sensitivity to potential loss as evidenced by medial frontal gyrus activity. OFC findings suggest that SI+ youths may be drawn to reward even when there is high probability of loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Dir
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christian L Allebach
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tom A Hummer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zachary W Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew C Aalsma
- Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Peter R Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Leslie A Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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25
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Ceceli AO, Natsheh JY, Cruz D, Tricomi E. The neurobehavioral mechanisms of motivational control in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Cortex 2020; 127:191-207. [PMID: 32222572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) poses debilitating impairments in the neurobehavioral systems governing reward-related processes-key to the control of motivated behaviors. Individuals with ADHD may rely on a motivational control system that favors cue-driven habits-rooted in the posterior putamen-over caudate and prefrontal cortex-driven goal-directed behaviors. We examined the neurobehavioral correlates of motivational control in ADHD. Twenty-five adults with ADHD and 25 neurotypicals underwent fMRI while training on two stimulus-response-outcome associations. A devaluation procedure followed, whereby they were selectively satiated on one of the snack outcomes, decreasing its value. A subsequent extinction test determined outcome-sensitivity (i.e., whether responses towards devalued snack diminished). Despite behavioral similarities, the ADHD group displayed a distinct neural signature marked by enhanced posterior putamen activation as a function of training. This region also displayed diminished functional connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which is associated with top-down control. Our whole-brain analysis yielded ADHD-specific posterior putamen and opercular/insular cortex activity over the course of training-regions associated with stimulus-sensitivity and maladaptively rigid behaviors, respectively. Neural comparisons also identified hyper-recruitment of the hippocampus in the ADHD group. These results highlight corticostriatal discrepancies in ADHD, possibly serving as a biomarker of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet O Ceceli
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Joman Y Natsheh
- Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States; Children's Specialized Hospital Research Center, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Counseling Services, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Tricomi
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States.
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26
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Chen MH, Chen YL, Bai YM, Huang KL, Wu HJ, Hsu JW, Su TP, Tsai SJ, Tu PC, Li CT, Lin WC, Wu YT. Functional connectivity of specific brain networks related to social and communication dysfunction in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 284:112785. [PMID: 31982661 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have impaired social cognition and communication. However, the functioning of the brain networks involved in the social cognition and communication impairment in ADHD patients remains unclear. METHODS In total, 18 adolescents with ADHD and 16 age- and sex-matched typically developing adolescents (controls)-all of whom underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging examination-were enrolled. Their parents filled out Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV (SNAP-IV) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) questionnaires. Functional connectivity analyses based on the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cinguloopercular network were performed. RESULTS Compared with controls, adolescents with ADHD exhibited higher total and subscale scores on SNAP-IV and SRS. Higher SNAP-IV and SRS scores were associated with higher functional connectivity between the default mode network (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and cinguloopercular network (anterior insula) and between the FPN (dorsolateral and prefrontal cortex) and cinguloopercular network, but with lower functional connectivity between the default mode network (posterior cingulate cortex) and frontoparietal network (inferior parietal lobule) and between the default mode network (precuneus) and cinguloopercular network (temporoparietal junction). DISCUSSION Social cognition and communication impairment and ADHD may commonly share the aberrant functional connectivity in the default mode network, frontoparietal network, and cinguloopercular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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27
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Boon HJ. What do ADHD Neuroimaging Studies Reveal for Teachers, Teacher Educators and Inclusive Education? CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Building functional connectivity neuromarkers of behavioral self-regulation across children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 41:100747. [PMID: 31826838 PMCID: PMC6994646 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral self-regulation develops rapidly during childhood and struggles in this area can have lifelong negative outcomes. Challenges with self-regulation are common to several neurodevelopmental conditions, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Little is known about the neural expression of behavioral regulation in children with and without neurodevelopmental conditions. We examined whole-brain brain functional correlations (FC) and behavioral regulation through connectome predictive modelling (CPM). CPM is a data-driven protocol for developing predictive models of brain–behavior relationships and assessing their potential as ‘neuromarkers’ using cross-validation. The data stems from the ABIDE II and comprises 276 children with and without ASD (8–13 years). We identified networks whose FC predicted individual differences in behavioral regulation. These network models predicted novel individuals’ inhibition and shifting from FC data in both a leave-one-out, and split halves, cross-validation. We observed commonalities and differences, with inhibition relying on more posterior networks, shifting relying on more anterior networks, and both involving regions of the DMN. Our findings substantially add to our knowledge on the neural expressions of inhibition and shifting across children with and without a neurodevelopmental condition. Given the numerous behavioral issues that can be quantified dimensionally, refinement of whole-brain neuromarker techniques may prove useful in the future.
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29
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Akkermans SEA, van Rooij D, Naaijen J, Forde NJ, Boecker-Schlier R, Openneer TJC, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ, Buitelaar JK. Neural reward processing in paediatric Tourette syndrome and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 292:13-22. [PMID: 31473435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common comorbidity in individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS). Yet, it is unclear to what extent TS and ADHD show overlapping or distinct neural abnormalities. ADHD has been associated with altered reward processing, but there are very few studies on reward processing in TS. This study assessed neural activation of basal ganglia and thalamus during reward anticipation and receipt in children with TS and/or ADHD. We analysed mean activations of a priori specified regions of interest during an fMRI monetary incentive delay task. Data was used from 124 children aged 8-12 years (TS n = 47, of which 29 had comorbid ADHD; ADHD n = 29; healthy controls n = 48). ADHD severity across ADHD and TS groups and healthy controls was marginally related to hypoactivation of the right nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation; this effect was not moderated by TS diagnosis. We detected no associations of neural activation with TS. The association between ADHD severity and hypoactivation of the right nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation, independent of the presence or absence of TS, is in line with the view of nucleus accumbens hypoactivation as a dimensional, neurofunctional marker of ADHD severity, transcending the boundaries of primary diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E A Akkermans
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie J Forde
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Regina Boecker-Schlier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thaira J C Openneer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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30
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Cory-Slechta DA, Sobolewski M, Marvin E, Conrad K, Merrill A, Anderson T, Jackson BP, Oberdorster G. The Impact of Inhaled Ambient Ultrafine Particulate Matter on Developing Brain: Potential Importance of Elemental Contaminants. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:976-992. [PMID: 31610749 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319878400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report associations between air pollution (AP) exposures and several neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, attention deficit disorder, and cognitive delays. Our studies in mice of postnatal (human third trimester brain equivalent) exposures to concentrated ambient ultrafine particles (CAPs) provide biological plausibility for these associations, producing numerous neuropathological and behavioral features of these disorders, including male-biased vulnerability. These findings raise questions about the specific components of AP that underlie its neurotoxicity, which our studies suggest could involve trace elements as candidate neurotoxicants. X-ray fluorescence analyses of CAP chamber filters confirm contamination of AP exposures by multiple elements, including iron (Fe) and sulfur (S). Correspondingly, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of brains of male mice indicates marked postexposure elevations of Fe and S and other elements. Elevations of brain Fe and S in particular are consistent with potential ferroptotic, oxidative stress, and altered antioxidant capacity-based mechanisms of CAPs-induced neurotoxicity, supported by observations of increased serum oxidized glutathione and increased neuronal cell death in nucleus accumbens with no corresponding significant increase in caspase-3, in male brains following postnatal CAP exposures. Understanding the role of trace element contaminants of particulate matter AP as a source of neurotoxicity is critical for public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Elena Marvin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Conrad
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Alyssa Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Tim Anderson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Gunter Oberdorster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
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31
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Ceceli AO, Esposito G, Tricomi E. Habit Expression and Disruption as a Function of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomology. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1997. [PMID: 31551864 PMCID: PMC6733985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with neurobehavioral reward system dysfunctions that pose debilitating impairments in adaptive decision-making. A candidate mechanism for such anomalies in ADHD may be a compromise in the control of motivated behaviors. Thus, demonstrating and restoring potential motivational control irregularities may serve significant clinical benefit. The motivational control of action guides goal-directed behaviors that are driven by outcome value, and habits that are inflexibly cue-triggered. We examined whether ADHD symptomology within the general population is linked to habitual control, and whether a motivation-based manipulation can break well-learned habits. We obtained symptom severity scores from 106 participants and administered a Go/NoGo task that capitalizes on familiar, well-learned associations (green-Go and red-NoGo) to demonstrate outcome-insensitivity when compared to newly learned Go/NoGo associations. We tested for outcome-insensitive habits by changing the Go and NoGo contingencies, such that Go signals became NoGo signals and vice versa. We found that generally, participants responded less accurately when green and red stimuli were mapped to color-response contingencies that were incongruent with daily experiences, whereas novel Go/NoGo stimuli evoked similar accuracy regardless of color-response mappings. Thus, our Go/NoGo task successfully elicited outcome-insensitive habits (i.e., persistent responses to familiar stimuli without regard for consequences); however, this effect was independent of ADHD symptomology. Nevertheless, we found an association between hyperactivity and congruent Go response latency, suggesting heightened pre-potency to perform habitual Go actions as hyperactivity increases. To examine habit disruption, participants returned to the lab and underwent the familiar version of the Go/NoGo task, but were given mid-experiment performance tracking information and a monetary incentive prior to contingency change. We found that this motivational boost via dual feedback prevented the incongruency-related accuracy impairment, effectively breaking the habit, albeit independent of ADHD symptomology. Our findings present only a modest link between ADHD symptomology and motivational control, which may be due to compensatory mechanisms in ADHD driving goal-directed control, or our task's potential insensitivity to individual differences in ADHD symptomology. Further investigations may be crucial for determining whether ADHD is related to motivational impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet O. Ceceli
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth Tricomi
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
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Ivanov I, Schulz K, Li X, Newcorn J. Reward Processing in Drug-Naive Youth with Various Levels of Risk for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:516-525. [PMID: 31180232 PMCID: PMC6727472 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: It has been hypothesized that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) share common neurobiological features. When abnormalities in the mesolimbic reward system are characteristic of children with ADHD, it is unclear whether youth at particularly elevated risk for SUD may exhibit any further disturbances. The objective of this pilot study is to examine possible neurobiological differences among youth with different levels of SUD risk before exposure to any abusable substances. Methods: We recruited 47 drug-naive children aged 8-13 divided into (1) Low Risk (LR)-ADHD only (n = 16); (2) High Risk (HR)-ADHD+familial SUD (n = 17); and (3) healthy controls (HC, n = 14) who underwent one functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while performing a hybrid task. We used the omnibus analysis of covariance model to assess for group differences in brain activation in regions linked to the brain reward and behavioral control systems. Results: Behavioral analysis showed significant Cue and Flanker main effects, but no significant main effect for Group. Whole-brain analysis showed significant differences in widely distributed networks related to both reward processing and behavioral control. Region of interest (ROI) activations showed that the HR group had the highest activation in the right putamen during both expected rewards and unexpected nonreward outcomes and in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during unexpected nonreward outcomes, while LR and HC youth showed similarly low activation during these contrasts. Furthermore, the LR and HR groups showed lower activation than HC in the right ACC and the right caudate during flanker contrasts. Conclusions: These are the first preliminary results to demonstrate that the magnitude of activation during reward notification differs as a function of reward outcome in youth at high versus LR for SUD, such that youth at LR for SUD exhibit the highest activation for positive rewards, whereas those at HR for SUD exhibit the highest activation during negative rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Address correspondence to: Iliyan Ivanov, MD, One Gustave Levy Place, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Kurt Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jeffrey Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Fatima H, Howlett AC, Whitlow CT. Reward, Control & Decision-Making in Cannabis Use Disorder: Insights from Functional MRI. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190165. [PMID: 31364398 PMCID: PMC6732906 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The recreational consumption of cannabis has increased significantly across the world with an estimated 180 million people currently using. In the United States, 4.1 million are currently diagnosed with cannabis use disorder. Cannabis dependence and abuse was combined into a single entity as a behavioral disorder with a problematic pattern of cannabis use and termed cannabis use disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Chronic use of cannabis has been linked with region-specific effects across the brain mediating reward processing, cognitive control and decision-making that are central to understanding addictive behaviors. This review presents a snapshot of the current literature assessing the effects of chronic cannabis use on human brain function via functional MRI. Studies employing various paradigms and contrasting cognitive activation amongst cannabis users and non-users were incorporated. The effects of trans-del-ta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in marijuana and other preparations of cannabis are mediated by the endocannabinoid system, which is also briefly introduced.Much variation exists in the current literature regarding the functional changes associated with chronic cannabis use. One possible explanation for this variation is the heterogeneity in study designs, with little implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria when selecting chronic users, distinct time points of participant assessment, differing cognitive paradigms and imaging protocols. As such, there is an urgent requirement for future investigations that further characterize functional changes associated with chronic cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudaisa Fatima
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Section of Neuroradiology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
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Suzuki C, Ikeda Y, Tateno A, Okubo Y, Fukayama H, Suzuki H. Acute Atomoxetine Selectively Modulates Encoding of Reward Value in Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex. J NIPPON MED SCH 2019; 86:98-107. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2019_86-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Suzuki
- Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yumiko Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Amane Tateno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Haruhisa Fukayama
- Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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35
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Holz NE, Boecker-Schlier R, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Hohm E, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Baumeister S, Plichta MM, Esser G, Schmidt M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Laucht M. Early maternal care may counteract familial liability for psychopathology in the reward circuitry. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1191-1201. [PMID: 30257014 PMCID: PMC6234324 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reward processing is altered in various psychopathologies and has been shown to be susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. Here, we examined whether maternal care may buffer familial risk for psychiatric disorders in terms of reward processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task was acquired in participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth (N = 172, 25 years). Early maternal stimulation was assessed during a standardized nursing/playing setting at the age of 3 months. Parental psychiatric disorders (familial risk) during childhood and the participants’ previous psychopathology were assessed by diagnostic interview. With high familial risk, higher maternal stimulation was related to increasing activation in the caudate head, the supplementary motor area, the cingulum and the middle frontal gyrus during reward anticipation, with the opposite pattern found in individuals with no familial risk. In contrast, higher maternal stimulation was associated with decreasing caudate head activity during reward delivery and reduced levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the high-risk group. Decreased caudate head activity during reward anticipation and increased activity during delivery were linked to ADHD. These findings provide evidence of a long-term association of early maternal stimulation on both adult neurobiological systems of reward underlying externalizing behavior and ADHD during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie E Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Regina Boecker-Schlier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Jennen-Steinmetz
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erika Hohm
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arlette F Buchmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,University Outpatient Clinic of the Institute for Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dorothea Blomeyer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael M Plichta
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main,Hoffmann-Str. 10, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Günter Esser
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25. OT Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich,Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25. OT Golm, Potsdam, Germany
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36
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Rohr CS, Dimond D, Schuetze M, Cho IY, Lichtenstein-Vidne L, Okon-Singer H, Dewey D, Bray S. Girls’ attentive traits associate with cerebellar to dorsal attention and default mode network connectivity. Neuropsychologia 2019; 127:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Bexkens A, Huizenga HM, Neville DA, Collot d'Escury-Koenigs AL, Bredman JC, Wagemaker E, Van der Molen MW. Peer-Influence on Risk-Taking in Male Adolescents with Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disabilities and/or Behavior Disorders. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:543-555. [PMID: 29946886 PMCID: PMC6397304 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to disentangle the effects of Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability (MBID) and Behavior Disorders (BD)on risk taking in circumstances where peer influence was absent or present. We studied 319 adolescents in four groups: MBID-only, MBID+BD, BD-only, and typically developing controls. The Balloon Analogue Risk-Task (BART), in a solo or peer condition, was used as a proxy of real-life risk-taking. Results show a significant main effect of BART condition. Post-hoc tests indicated higher risk-taking in the peer compared to the solo condition in all groups except BD-only. Moreover, risk taking was increased in adolescents with MBID compared to adolescents without MBID, but only under peer-influence. No main or interaction effects with BD were observed. Model based decomposition of BART performance in underlying processes showed that the MBID related increase in risk-taking under peer-influence was mainly related to increased risk-taking propensity, and in the MBID-only group also to increased safety estimates and increased confidence in these safety estimates. The present study shows that risk-taking in MBID may be better explained by low intellectual functioning than by comorbid BD, and may not originate in increased risk taking per se, but may rather be related to risk-taking under peer-influence, which is a complex, multifaceted risk-taking context. Therefore, interventions to decrease risk-taking by adolescents with MBID that specifically target peer-influence may be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Bexkens
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, PO 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Heeren Loo Groot Emaus, Groene Allee 46, 3853 JW, Ermelo, Netherlands.
| | - Hilde M Huizenga
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David A Neville
- Donders Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joren C Bredman
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eline Wagemaker
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maurits W Van der Molen
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, PO 9555, 2300 RB, Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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The impact of successful learning of self-regulation on reward processing in children with ADHD using fMRI. ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERS 2019; 11:31-45. [PMID: 30225805 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-018-0269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) is a non-pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that is targeting self-regulation, is efficacious when standard protocols are used and induces partly specific neurophysiological changes in the inhibitory network. However, its effects on reward processing, which is also considered an important aspect of ADHD and has been linked to neurophysiological deficits, remain unknown. Children with ADHD (N = 15, mean age 11.8, SD 1.52) were randomly assigned to either slow cortical potential NF (n = 8) or EMG biofeedback control training (n = 7) and received 20 sessions of training under comparable conditions. Learning was defined as the slope of successful training runs across all transfer sessions. Whole brain analysis, region-of-interest analysis of anticipatory ventral striatal (VS) activation, and analysis of behavioral data were performed. Clinically, the NF group improved more than the EMG group. Whole brain analysis indicated increased activation in the left superior frontal gyrus in the control group only, and in medial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus (DLPFC) after treatment across all groups. Only successful learners of self-regulation (n = 8) showed increased left inferior frontal gyrus and DLPFC activation after treatment. Left VS activation was increased after treatment and showed a significant time*medication-status interaction. Specific treatment effects were found in left frontal regions for the control treatment and successful learners. Also, unmedicated participants, irrespective of treatment type or successful learning, showed treatment-induced improvement in reward processing. The results suggest no prominent specific effect of NF on reward processing. However, cautious interpretation is warranted due to the small sample.
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Chauvin RJ, Mennes M, Llera A, Buitelaar JK, Beckmann CF. Disentangling common from specific processing across tasks using task potency. Neuroimage 2019; 184:632-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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40
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Pruim RHR, Beckmann CF, Oldehinkel M, Oosterlaan J, Heslenfeld D, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ, Faraone SV, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Mennes M. An Integrated Analysis of Neural Network Correlates of Categorical and Dimensional Models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 4:472-483. [PMID: 30773473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, putatively induced by dissociable dysfunctional biobehavioral pathways. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study to parse ADHD-related heterogeneity in its underlying neurobiology by investigating functional connectivity across multiple brain networks to 1) disentangle categorical diagnosis-related effects from dimensional behavior-related effects and 2) functionally map these neural correlates to neurocognitive measures. METHODS We identified functional connectivity abnormalities related to ADHD across 14 networks within a large resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (n = 409; age = 17.5 ± 3.3 years). We tested these abnormalities for their association with the categorical ADHD diagnosis and with dimensional inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores using a novel modeling framework, creating orthogonalized models. Next, we evaluated the relationship of these findings with neurocognitive measures (working memory, response inhibition, reaction time variability, reward sensitivity). RESULTS Within the default mode network, we mainly observed categorical ADHD-related functional connectivity abnormalities, unrelated to neurocognitive measures. Clusters within the visual networks primarily related to dimensional scores of inattention and reaction time variability, while findings within the sensorimotor networks were mainly linked to hyperactivity/impulsivity and both reward sensitivity and working memory. Findings within the cerebellum network and salience network related to both categorical and dimensional ADHD measures and were linked to response inhibition and reaction time variability. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study identified ADHD-related neural correlates across multiple functional networks, showing distinct categorical and dimensional mechanisms and their links to neurocognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon H R Pruim
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Oldehinkel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Mennes
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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41
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Natsheh JY, Shiflett MW. Dopaminergic Modulation of Goal-Directed Behavior in a Rodent Model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:45. [PMID: 30344481 PMCID: PMC6182263 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from its clinical symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, patients with Attention/Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) display reward and motivational impairments. These impairments may reflect a deficit in action control, that is, an inability to flexibly adapt behavior to changing consequences. We previously showed that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an inbred rodent model of ADHD, show impairments in goal-directed action control, and instead are predominated by habits. In this study, we examined the effects of specific dopamine receptor sub-type (D1 and D2) agonists and antagonists on goal-directed behavior in SHR and the normotensive inbred control strain Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Rats acquired an instrumental response for different-flavored food rewards. A selective-satiety outcome devaluation procedure followed by a choice test in extinction revealed outcome-insensitive habitual behavior in SHR rats. Outcome-sensitive goal-directed behavior was restored in SHR rats following injection prior to the choice test of the dopamine D2 receptor agonist Quinpirole or dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390, whereas WKY rats showed habitual responding following exposure to these drugs. This novel finding indicates that the core behavioral deficit in ADHD might not be a consequence of dopamine hypofunction, but rather is due to a misbalance between activation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor pathways that govern action control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joman Y Natsheh
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States.,Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States.,Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine.,Children's Specialized Hospital Research Center, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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42
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Orbitofrontal Signaling of Future Reward is Associated with Hyperactivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6779-6786. [PMID: 29954849 PMCID: PMC6067073 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0411-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in motivated behavior are a hallmark of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a key role in controlling goal-directed behavior, but the link between OFC dysfunction and behavioral deficits in ADHD, particularly in adolescence, remains poorly understood. Here we used advanced high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human OFC in adolescents with ADHD and typically developing (TD) controls (N = 39, age 12-16, all male except for one female per group) to study reward-related OFC responses and how they relate to behavioral dysfunction in ADHD. During fMRI data acquisition, participants performed a simple decision-making task, allowing us to image expectation-related responses to small and large monetary outcomes. Across all participants, we observed significant signal increases to large versus small expected rewards in the OFC. These responses were significantly enhanced in ADHD relative to TD participants. Moreover, stronger reward-related activity was correlated with individual differences in hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in the ADHD group, whereas high cognitive ability was associated with normalized OFC responses. These results provide evidence for the importance of OFC dysfunctions in the neuropathology of ADHD, highlighting the role of OFC-dependent goal-directed control mechanisms in this disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by alterations in motivated behavior which can be understood as diminished goal-directed control. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a key role in controlling goal-directed behavior, but its potential contribution to ADHD symptomatology remains poorly understood. Using high-resolution fMRI, we show that adolescent ADHD patients display enhanced OFC signaling of future rewards and that these increased reward-related responses are correlated with the severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity. These findings suggest that an inability to adequately evaluate future outcomes may translate into maladaptive behavior in ADHD patients. They also challenge the idea that dysfunctions in dopaminergic brain areas are the sole contributor to reward-related symptoms in ADHD and point to a central contribution of goal-directed control circuits in hyperactivity.
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The relationship between responsiveness to social and monetary rewards and ADHD symptoms. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:857-868. [PMID: 29943173 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in reward processing are frequently reported in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One important factor affecting reward processing is the quality of reward as social and monetary rewards are processed by different neural networks. However, the effect of reward type on reward processing in ADHD has not been extensively studied. Hence, in the current study, an exploratory research was conducted to investigate the effect of reward type (i.e., social or monetary) on different phases of reward processing. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during a spatial attention paradigm in which cues heralded availability and type of the upcoming reward and feedbacks informed about the reward earned. Thirty-nine (19 males) healthy individuals (age range: 19-27 years) participated in the study. ADHD symptoms were assessed by using ADHD self-report scale (ASRS). Our results revealed a consistent negative correlation between the hyperactivity subscale of ASRS and almost all social-feedback related ERPs (P2, P3, and FRN). ERP amplitudes after social feedbacks were less positive for P2 and P3 and more negative for FRN for individuals with greater hyperactivity levels. Our findings suggest that hyporesponsiveness to social feedbacks may be associated with hyperactivity. However, the results have to be confirmed with clinical populations.
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Rohr CS, Vinette SA, Parsons KAL, Cho IYK, Dimond D, Benischek A, Lebel C, Dewey D, Bray S. Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal Attention Network Predicts Selective Attention in 4-7 year-old Girls. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4350-4360. [PMID: 27522072 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood is a period of profound neural development and remodeling during which attention skills undergo rapid maturation. Attention networks have been extensively studied in the adult brain, yet relatively little is known about changes in early childhood, and their relation to cognitive development. We investigated the association between age and functional connectivity (FC) within the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the association between FC and attention skills in early childhood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected during passive viewing in 44 typically developing female children between 4 and 7 years whose sustained, selective, and executive attention skills were assessed. FC of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the frontal eye fields (FEF) was computed across the entire brain and regressed against age. Age was positively associated with FC between core nodes of the DAN, the IPS and the FEF, and negatively associated with FC between the DAN and regions of the default-mode network. Further, controlling for age, FC between the IPS and FEF was significantly associated with selective attention. These findings add to our understanding of early childhood development of attention networks and suggest that greater FC within the DAN is associated with better selective attention skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Rohr
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8
| | - Sarah A Vinette
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Kari A L Parsons
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Ivy Y K Cho
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Dennis Dimond
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8.,Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Alina Benischek
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.,Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8.,Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Rohr CS, Arora A, Cho IYK, Katlariwala P, Dimond D, Dewey D, Bray S. Functional network integration and attention skills in young children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:200-211. [PMID: 29587178 PMCID: PMC6969078 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Children acquire attention skills rapidly during early childhood as their brains undergo vast neural development. Attention is well studied in the adult brain, yet due to the challenges associated with scanning young children, investigations in early childhood are sparse. Here, we examined the relationship between age, attention and functional connectivity (FC) during passive viewing in multiple intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) in 60 typically developing girls between 4 and 7 years whose sustained, selective and executive attention skills were assessed. Visual, auditory, sensorimotor, default mode (DMN), dorsal attention (DAN), ventral attention (VAN), salience, and frontoparietal ICNs were identified via Independent Component Analysis and subjected to a dual regression. Individual spatial maps were regressed against age and attention skills, controlling for age. All ICNs except the VAN showed regions of increasing FC with age. Attention skills were associated with FC in distinct networks after controlling for age: selective attention positively related to FC in the DAN; sustained attention positively related to FC in visual and auditory ICNs; and executive attention positively related to FC in the DMN and visual ICN. These findings suggest distributed network integration across this age range and highlight how multiple ICNs contribute to attention skills in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane S Rohr
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Anish Arora
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ivy Y K Cho
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Prayash Katlariwala
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennis Dimond
- Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Norman LJ, Carlisi CO, Christakou A, Murphy CM, Chantiluke K, Giampietro V, Simmons A, Brammer M, Mataix-Cols D, Rubia K. Frontostriatal Dysfunction During Decision Making in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:694-703. [PMID: 29706587 PMCID: PMC6278892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the current paper is to provide the first comparison of computational mechanisms and neurofunctional substrates in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during decision making under ambiguity. Methods Sixteen boys with ADHD, 20 boys with OCD, and 20 matched control subjects (12–18 years of age) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging version of the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain activation was compared between groups using three-way analysis of covariance. Hierarchical Bayesian analysis was used to compare computational modeling parameters between groups. Results Patient groups shared reduced choice consistency and relied less on reinforcement learning during decision making relative to control subjects, while adolescents with ADHD alone demonstrated increased reward sensitivity. During advantageous choices, both disorders shared underactivation in ventral striatum, while OCD patients showed disorder-specific underactivation in the ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex. During outcome evaluation, shared underactivation to losses in patients relative to control subjects was found in the medial prefrontal cortex and shared underactivation to wins was found in the left putamen/caudate. ADHD boys showed disorder-specific dysfunction in the right putamen/caudate, which was activated more to losses in patients with ADHD but more to wins in control subjects. Conclusions The findings suggest shared deficits in using learned reward expectancies to guide decision making, as well as shared dysfunction in medio-fronto-striato-limbic brain regions. However, findings of unique dysfunction in the ventromedial orbitofrontal cortex in OCD and in the right putamen in ADHD indicate additional, disorder-specific abnormalities and extend similar findings from inhibitory control tasks in the disorders to the domain of decision making under ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Christina O Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Education and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Clodagh M Murphy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaylita Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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Chauvin RJ, Mennes M, Buitelaar JK, Beckmann CF. Assessing age-dependent multi-task functional co-activation changes using measures of task-potency. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 33:5-16. [PMID: 29223425 PMCID: PMC6206256 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is being hypothesised that the developing adolescent brain is increasingly enlisting long-range connectivity, allowing improved communication between spatially distant brain regions. The developmental trajectories of such maturational changes remain elusive. Here, we aim to study how the brain engages in multiple tasks (working memory, reward processing, and inhibition) at the network-level and evaluate how effects of age across these tasks are related to each other. We characterise how the brain departs from its functional baseline architecture towards task-induced functional connectivity modulations using a novel measure called task potency, allowing direct comparison between tasks by defining sensitivity to one or multiple tasks. By applying this method in a sample of healthy participants (N = 218) aged 8-30 years, we demonstrate maturational changes in task-dependent functional co-activation over and above baseline connectivity maturation. Our results provide evidence for task-specific maturational windows with different cognitive systems probed by different tasks displaying specific age-range dependencies of strongest developmental change. Our results highlight the use of task potency for modelling developmental trajectories and the impact of differential maturation across tasks. This enables better characterisation of cognitive processes disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders and may explain the increased level of heterogeneity observed in adolescent population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselyne J Chauvin
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Mennes
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Chronaki G, Soltesz F, Benikos N, Sonuga-Barke EJS. An electrophysiological investigation of reinforcement effects in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Dissociating cue sensitivity from down-stream effects on target engagement and performance. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 28:12-20. [PMID: 29080475 PMCID: PMC6987869 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Neural hypo-sensitivity to cues predicting positive reinforcement has been observed in ADHD using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. Here we report the first study using an electrophysiological analogue of this task to distinguish between (i) cue related anticipation of reinforcement and downstream effects on (ii) target engagement and (iii) performance in a clinical sample of adolescents with ADHD and controls. Methods Thirty-one controls and 32 adolescents with ADHD aged 10–16 years performed the electrophysiological (e)-MID task − in which preparatory cues signal whether a response to an upcoming target will be reinforced or not − under three conditions; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement (response cost) and no consequence (neutral). We extracted values for both cue-related potentials known to be, both, associated with response preparation and modulated by reinforcement (Cue P3 and Cue CNV) and target-related potentials (target P3) and compared these between ADHD and controls. Results ADHD and controls did not differ on cue-related components on neutral trials. Against expectation, adolescents with ADHD displayed Cue P3 and Cue CNV reinforcement-related enhancement (versus neutral trials) compared to controls. ADHD individuals displayed smaller target P3 amplitudes and slower and more variable performance − but effects were not modulated by reinforcement contingencies. When age, IQ and conduct problems were controlled effects were marginally significant but the pattern of results did not change. Discussion ADHD was associated with hypersensitivity to positive (and marginally negative) reinforcement reflected on components often thought to be associated with response preparation − however these did not translate into improved attention to targets. In the case of ADHD, upregulated CNV may be a specific marker of hyper-arousal rather than an enhancement of anticipatory attention to upcoming targets. Future studies should examine the effects of age, IQ and conduct problems on reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Chronaki
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (DCN) Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, UK; Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK; Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fruzsina Soltesz
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas Benikos
- Department of Cognitive Science Australian Hearing Hub 16 University Avenue Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, UK
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Klein M, Onnink M, van Donkelaar M, Wolfers T, Harich B, Shi Y, Dammers J, Arias-Vásquez A, Hoogman M, Franke B. Brain imaging genetics in ADHD and beyond - Mapping pathways from gene to disorder at different levels of complexity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:115-155. [PMID: 28159610 PMCID: PMC6947924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and often persistent neurodevelopmental disorder. Beyond gene-finding, neurobiological parameters, such as brain structure, connectivity, and function, have been used to link genetic variation to ADHD symptomatology. We performed a systematic review of brain imaging genetics studies involving 62 ADHD candidate genes in childhood and adult ADHD cohorts. Fifty-one eligible research articles described studies of 13 ADHD candidate genes. Almost exclusively, single genetic variants were studied, mostly focussing on dopamine-related genes. While promising results have been reported, imaging genetics studies are thus far hampered by methodological differences in study design and analysis methodology, as well as limited sample sizes. Beyond reviewing imaging genetics studies, we also discuss the need for complementary approaches at multiple levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating findings across levels for a better understanding of biological pathways from gene to disease. These may include multi-modal imaging genetics studies, bioinformatic analyses, and functional analyses of cell and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Onnink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Harich
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Dammers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vásquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Lin G, Roth RM. The Status of Structural and Functional MRI in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-017-9296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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