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Gupta S, Cassel SL, Sutterwala FS. Inflammasome-Independent Roles of NLR and ALR Family Members. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2696:29-45. [PMID: 37578713 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3350-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, including members of the NLR and ALR families, are essential for recognition of both pathogen- and host-derived danger signals. Several members of these families, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2, are capable of forming multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, that result in the activation of pro-inflammatory caspase-1. However, in addition to the formation of inflammasomes, a number of these family members exert inflammasome-independent functions. Here, we will discuss inflammasome-independent functions of NLRC4, NLRP12, and AIM2 and examine their roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne L Cassel
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Qin Y, Pan L, Qin T, Ruan H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Yang J, Li W. Pan-cancer analysis of AIM2 inflammasomes with potential implications for immunotherapy in human cancer: A bulk omics research and single cell sequencing validation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998266. [PMID: 36248785 PMCID: PMC9559585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome is a multi-protein platform that recognizes aberrant cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA(dsDNA) and induces cytokine maturation, release, and pyroptosis. Some studies found that the AIM2 inflammasome was a double-edged sword in many cancers. However, there have been fewer studies on AIM2 inflammasomes in pan-cancer.MethodsGene expression was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate the expression of the AIM2. We used the survival curve to explore the prognostic significance of the AIM2 inflammasomes in pan-cancer. Mutations and methylation of AIM2 inflammasome-related genes (AIM2i-RGs) were also comprehensively analyzed. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis was used to calculate the AIM2 inflammasomes score and explore the correlation of the AIM2 inflammasomes score with immune-related genes and immune infiltrations. The function of AIM2 inflammasomes in pan-cancer was analyzed at the single-cell level. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data was used to assess the activation state of the AIM2 inflammasomes in the tumor microenvironment.ResultsWe found that AIM2i-RGs were aberrantly expressed in tumors and were strongly associated with prognosis. In pan-cancer, the expression of AIM2i-RGs was positively associated with copy number variation and negatively associated with methylation. In AIM2i-RGs, missense mutations were the predominant type of single nucleotide polymorphism. Moreover, we found that the drugs dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG) and Z-LNle-CHO may be sensitive to the AIM2 inflammasomes. The AIM2 inflammasomes score was significantly and positively correlated with the tumor immunity score and the stroma score. In most tumors, the AIM2 inflammasomes score was significantly and positively correlated with CD8+ T cell abundance in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the AIM2 inflammasomes score was significantly correlated with immune checkpoint genes in pan-cancer as well as immune checkpoint therapy-related markers including tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability(MSI), and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion(TIDE). scRNA-seq analysis suggested that AIM2 inflammasomes differ significantly among different cells in the tumor microenvironment. IHC confirmed low expression of AIM2 in colorectal cancer.DiscussionAIM2 inflammasomes may be a new target for future tumor therapy It is likely involved in tumor development, and its high expression may serve as a predictor of tumor immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Liuxian Pan
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hanyi Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jianli Li
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li, ; Jianrong Yang,
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li, ; Jianrong Yang,
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3
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Wang J, Gao J, Huang C, Jeong S, Ko R, Shen X, Chen C, Zhong W, Zou Y, Yu B, Shen C. Roles of AIM2 Gene and AIM2 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Psoriasis. Front Genet 2022; 13:929162. [PMID: 36118867 PMCID: PMC9481235 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of environmental incentives, polygenic genetic control, and immune regulation. The inflammation-related gene absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) was identified as a susceptibility gene for psoriasis. AIM2 inflammasome formed from the combination of AIM2, PYD-linked apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and Caspase-1 promotes the maturation and release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, and triggers an inflammatory response. Studies showed the genetic and epigenetic associations between AIM2 gene and psoriasis. AIM2 gene has an essential role in the occurrence and development of psoriasis, and the inhibitors of AIM2 inflammasome will be new therapeutic targets for psoriasis. In this review, we summarized the roles of the AIM2 gene and AIM2 inflammasome in pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis, hopefully providing a better understanding and new insight into the roles of AIM2 gene and AIM2 inflammasome in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sohyun Jeong
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randy Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaofeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfen Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changbing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University—The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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4
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Zhu H, Zhao M, Chang C, Chan V, Lu Q, Wu H. The complex role of AIM2 in autoimmune diseases and cancers. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:649-665. [PMID: 34014039 PMCID: PMC8342223 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a novel member of interferon (IFN)-inducible PYHIN proteins. In innate immune cells, AIM2 servers as a cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA sensor, playing a crucial role in the initiation of the innate immune response as a component of the inflammasome. AIM2 expression is increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, and primary Sjogren's syndrome, indicating that AIM2 might be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Meanwhile, AIM2 also plays an antitumorigenesis role in an inflammasome independent-manner. In melanoma, AIM2 is initially identified as a tumor suppressor factor. However, AIM2 is also found to contribute to lung tumorigenesis via the inflammasome-dependent release of interleukin 1β and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Additionally, AIM2 reciprocally dampening the cGAS-STING pathway causes immunosuppression of macrophages and evasion of antitumor immunity during antibody treatment. To summarize the complicated effect and role of AIM2 in autoimmune diseases and cancers, herein, we provide an overview of the emerging research progress on the function and regulatory pathway of AIM2 in innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as tumor cells, and discuss its pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases, such as SLE, psoriasis, primary Sjogren's syndrome, and cancers, such as melanomas, non-small-cell lung cancer, colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal carcinoma, and so on, hopefully providing potential therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of California at Davis School of MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vera Chan
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingChina
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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5
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Wang Y, Li Z, Teng M, Liu J. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits activation of the AIM2 inflammasome pathway and NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway by inducing autophagy in A431 human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2705-2715. [PMID: 34104103 PMCID: PMC8176175 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.57167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has been previously demonstrated; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study sought to verify the therapeutic effect of DHA against cSCC and explore its underlying mechanism in A431 cSCC cells. This study reported that DHA inhibited A431 cells proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and promoted A431 cells apoptosis. Moreover, DHA inhibited the invasion and migration of A431 cells. Mechanistically, DHA promoted autophagy and inhibited activation of the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome pathway and NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Treatment of A431 cells with the mTOR inhibitor, and autophagy promoter, rapamycin also inhibited these two pathways. In conclusion, DHA inhibited activation of the AIM2 inflammasome pathway and NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway by promoting autophagy in A431 cells, thus accounting for its therapeutic effect. Induction of autophagy by DHA may be mediated by inhibiting the mTOR pathway and promoting reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518101, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Muzhou Teng
- Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Infectious Diseases, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, China
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6
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Heiniö C, Havunen R, Santos J, de Lint K, Cervera-Carrascon V, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. TNFa and IL2 Encoding Oncolytic Adenovirus Activates Pathogen and Danger-Associated Immunological Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040798. [PMID: 32225009 PMCID: PMC7225950 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to break tumor resistance towards traditional treatments, we investigate the response of tumor and immune cells to a novel, cytokine-armed oncolytic adenovirus: Ad5/3-d24-E2F-hTNFa-IRES-hIL2 (also known as TILT-123 and OAd.TNFa-IL2). There are several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that might mediate adenovirus-infection recognition. However, the role and specific effects of each PRR on the tumor microenvironment and treatment outcome remain unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OAd.TNFa-IL2 infection on PRR-mediated danger- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (DAMP and PAMP, respectively) signaling. In addition, we wanted to see which PRRs mediate an antitumor response and are therefore relevant for optimizing this virotherapy. We determined that OAd.TNFa-IL2 induced DAMP and PAMP release and consequent tumor microenvironment modulation. We show that the AIM2 inflammasome is activated during OAd.TNFa-IL2 virotherapy, thus creating an immunostimulatory antitumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
| | - Riikka Havunen
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Joao Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Klaas de Lint
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Paciuksenkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
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7
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Emran AA, Tseng HY, Coleman MC, Tiffen J, Cook S, McGuire HM, Gallagher S, Feng C, Hersey P. Do innate killing mechanisms activated by inflammasomes have a role in treating melanoma? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:660-670. [PMID: 32027447 PMCID: PMC7497247 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma, as for many other cancers, undergoes a selection process during progression that limits many innate and adaptive tumor control mechanisms. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade overcomes one of the escape mechanisms but if the tumor is not eliminated other escape mechanisms evolve that require new approaches for tumor control. Some of the innate mechanisms that have evolved against infections with microorganisms and viruses are proving to be active against cancer cells but require better understanding of how they are activated and what inhibitory mechanisms may need to be targeted. This is particularly so for inflammasomes which have evolved against many different organisms and which recruit a number of cytotoxic mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Equally important is understanding of where these mechanisms will fit into existing treatment strategies and whether existing strategies already involve the innate killing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Emran
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mikaela C Coleman
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Cook
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart Gallagher
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl Feng
- Immunology and Host Defence Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Group, The Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Chen Y, Hei N, Zhao J, Peng S, Yang K, Chen H, Cui Z, Jin L, Sun R, Guo J. A two‐CpG‐based prognostic signature for oral squamous cell carcinoma overall survival. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9082-9090. [PMID: 30548666 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Chen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Naiheng Hei
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Zhao
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Peng
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Yang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - He Chen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Cui
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Jin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Sun
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Guo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
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Farshchian M, Nissinen L, Siljamäki E, Riihilä P, Piipponen M, Kivisaari A, Kallajoki M, Grénman R, Peltonen J, Peltonen S, Quint KD, Bavinck JNB, Kähäri VM. Tumor cell-specific AIM2 regulates growth and invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45825-45836. [PMID: 28526809 PMCID: PMC5542230 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer. Inflammation is a typical feature in cSCC progression. Analysis of the expression of inflammasome components in cSCC cell lines and normal human epidermal keratinocytes revealed upregulation of the expression of AIM2 mRNA and protein in cSCC cells. Elevated levels of AIM2 mRNA were noted in cSCCs in vivo compared with normal skin. Strong and moderate tumor cell specific expression of AIM2 was detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in sporadic human cSCCs in vivo, whereas expression of AIM2 was moderate in cSCC in situ (cSCCIS) and low or absent in actinic keratosis (AK) and normal skin. IHC of cSCCs, cSCCIS and AKs from organ transplant recipients also revealed strong and moderate tumor cell specific expression of AIM2 in cSCCs. Knockdown of AIM2 resulted in reduction in viability of cSCC cells and onset of apoptosis. RNA-seq and pathway analysis after knockdown of AIM2 in cSCC cells revealed downregulation of the biofunction category Cell cycle and upregulation of the biofunction category Cell Death and Survival. Knockdown of AIM2 also resulted in reduction in invasion of cSCC cells and downregulation in production of invasion proteinases MMP1 and MMP13. Knockdown of AIM2 resulted in suppression of growth and vascularization of cSCC xenografts in vivo. These results provide evidence for the role of AIM2 in the progression of cSCC and identify AIM2 inflammasome function as a potential therapeutic target in these invasive and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Siljamäki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Atte Kivisaari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Peltonen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirkku Peltonen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Koen D Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Chen SL, Liu LL, Lu SX, Luo RZ, Wang CH, Wang H, Cai SH, Yang X, Xie D, Zhang CZ, Yun JP. HBx-mediated decrease of AIM2 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1225-1240. [PMID: 28580773 PMCID: PMC5579341 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is responsible for the high mortality rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been implicated in inflammation and carcinogenesis, although its role in HCC metastasis remains unknown. In the present study, we show that AIM2 protein expression was noticeably reduced in HCC cell lines and clinical samples. A reduction in AIM2 was closely associated with higher serum AFP levels, vascular invasion, poor tumor differentiation, an incomplete tumor capsule and unfavorable postsurgical survival odds. In vitro studies demonstrated that AIM2 expression was modulated by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) at transcriptional and post-translational levels. HBx overexpression markedly blocked the expression of AIM2 at mRNA and protein levels by enhancing the stability of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Furthermore, HBx interacted with AIM2, resulting in an increase of AIM2 degradation via ubiquitination induction. Functionally, knockdown of AIM2 enhanced cell migration, formation of cell pseudopodium, wound healing and tumor metastasis, whereas reintroduction of AIM2 attenuated these functions. The loss of AIM2 induced the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fibronectin 1 (FN1) was found to be a downstream effector of AIM2, with its expression reversely modulated by AIM2. Silencing of FN1 significantly halted cell migration induced by AIM2 depletion. These data demonstrate that HBx-induced loss of AIM2 is associated with poor outcomes and facilitates HCC metastasis by triggering the EMT process. The results of the present study therefore suggest that AIM2 is a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatitis B virus-related HCC, as well as a possible therapeutic target for tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lu Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Xun Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hang Cai
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chris Zhiyi Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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