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Khan SU, Khan SU, Suleman M, Khan MU, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hussain T, Ud Din MA, Saeed S. The Multifunctional TRPC6 Protein: Significance in the Field of Cardiovascular Studies. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102112. [PMID: 37774899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, medical complications, and healthcare costs. Although recent advances have been in treating cardiovascular disorders linked with a reduced ejection fraction, acutely decompensate cardiac failure remains a significant medical problem. The transient receptor potential cation channel (TRPC6) family responds to neurohormonal and mechanical stress, playing critical roles in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, TRP C6 channels have great promise as therapeutic targets. Numerous studies have investigated the roles of TRP C6 channels in pain neurons, highlighting their significance in cardiovascular research. The TRPC6 protein exhibits a broad distribution in various organs and tissues, including the brain, nerves, heart, blood vessels, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and other bodily structures. Its activation can be triggered by alterations in osmotic pressure, mechanical stimulation, and diacylglycerol. Consequently, TRPC6 plays a significant role in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diverse diseases within living organisms. A recent study has indicated a strong correlation between the disorder known as TRPC6 and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, investigations into the association between TRPC6 and cardiovascular diseases have gained significant attention in the scientific community. This review explores the most recent developments in the recognition and characterization of TRPC6. Additionally, it considers the field's prospects while examining how TRPC6 might be altered and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar Ud Din
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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Lakin R, Polidovitch N, Yang S, Parikh M, Liu X, Debi R, Gao X, Chen W, Guzman C, Yakobov S, Izaddoustdar F, Wauchop M, Lei Q, Xu W, Nedospasov SA, Christoffels VM, Backx PH. Cardiomyocyte and endothelial cells play distinct roles in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent atrial responses and increased atrial fibrillation vulnerability induced by endurance exercise training in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2607-2622. [PMID: 37713664 PMCID: PMC10730243 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endurance exercise is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We previously established that adverse atrial remodelling and AF susceptibility induced by intense exercise in mice require the mechanosensitive and pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The cellular and mechanistic basis for these TNF-mediated effects is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the impact of Tnf excision, in either atrial cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells (using Cre-recombinase expression controlled by Nppa or Tie2 promoters, respectively), on the cardiac responses to six weeks of intense swim exercise training. TNF ablation, in either cell type, had no impact on the changes in heart rate, autonomic tone, or left ventricular structure and function induced by exercise training. Tnf excision in atrial cardiomyocytes did, however, prevent atrial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration as well as conduction slowing and increased AF susceptibility arising from exercise training. In contrast, endothelial-specific excision only reduced the training-induced atrial hypertrophy. Consistent with these cell-specific effects of Tnf excision, inducing TNF loss from atrial cardiomyocytes prevented activation of p38MAPKinase, a strain-dependent downstream mediator of TNF signalling, without affecting the atrial stretch as assessed by atrial pressures induced by exercise. Despite TNF's established role in innate immune responses and inflammation, neither acute nor chronic exercise training caused measurable NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that adverse atrial remodelling and AF vulnerability induced by intense exercise require TNF in atrial cardiomyocytes whereas the impact of endothelial-derived TNF is limited to hypertrophy modulation. The implications of the cell autonomous effects of TNF and crosstalk between cells in the atria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lakin
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nazari Polidovitch
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sibao Yang
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Ryan Debi
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Wenliang Chen
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Camilo Guzman
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Simona Yakobov
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Farzad Izaddoustdar
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Marianne Wauchop
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354349, Russia
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, 354 & 357 Farquharson Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Saqib U, Munjuluri S, Sarkar S, Biswas S, Mukherjee O, Satsangi H, Baig MS, Obukhov AG, Hajela K. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 6 (TRPC6) Channel in the Pathogenesis of Diseases: A Jack of Many Trades. Inflammation 2023:10.1007/s10753-023-01808-3. [PMID: 37072606 PMCID: PMC10112830 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) subfamily comprises seven transmembrane proteins (TRPC1-7) forming cation channels in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. TRPC channels mediate Ca2+ and Na+ influx into the cells. Amongst TRPCs, TRPC6 deficiency or increased activity due to gain-of-function mutations has been associated with a multitude of diseases, such as kidney disease, pulmonary disease, and neurological disease. Indeed, the TRPC6 protein is expressed in various organs and is involved in diverse signalling pathways. The last decade saw a surge in the investigative studies concerning the physiological roles of TRPC6 and describing the development of new pharmacological tools modulating TRPC6 activity. The current review summarizes the progress achieved in those investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saqib
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Vigyan Bhawan, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, 452 001, MP, India
| | - Sreepadaarchana Munjuluri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sutripta Sarkar
- Post Graduate Department of Food and Nutrition, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, 85, Middle Road, Barrackpore, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Subir Biswas
- Ramky One Galaxia, Nallagandla, Hyderabad, 500019, Telangana, India
| | - Oyshi Mukherjee
- Post Graduate Department of Food and Nutrition, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, 85, Middle Road, Barrackpore, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Krishnan Hajela
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Vigyan Bhawan, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore, 452 001, MP, India.
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Novel preventive effect of isorhamnetin on electrical and structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1831-1849. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20220319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Isorhamnetin, a natural flavonoid, has strong antioxidant and antifibrotic effects, and a regulatory effect against Ca2+-handling. Atrial remodeling due to fibrosis and abnormal intracellular Ca2+ activities contributes to initiation and persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study investigated the effect of isorhamnetin on angiotensin II (AngII)-induced AF in mice. Wild-type male mice (C57BL/6J, 8 weeks old) were assigned to three groups: (1) control group, (2) AngII-treated group, and (3) AngII- and isorhamnetin-treated group. AngII (1000 ng/kg/min) and isorhamnetin (5 mg/kg) were administered continuously via an implantable osmotic pump for two weeks and intraperitoneally one week before initiating AngII administration, respectively. AF induction and electrophysiological studies, Ca2+ imaging with isolated atrial myocytes and HL-1 cells, and action potential duration (APD) measurements using atrial tissue and HL-1 cells were performed. AF-related molecule expression was assessed and histopathological examination was performed. Isorhamnetin decreased AF inducibility compared with the AngII group and restored AngII-induced atrial effective refractory period prolongation. Isorhamnetin eliminated abnormal diastolic intracellular Ca2+ activities induced by AngII. Isorhamnetin also abrogated AngII-induced APD prolongation and abnormal Ca2+ loading in HL-1 cells. Furthermore, isorhamnetin strongly attenuated AngII-induced left atrial enlargement and atrial fibrosis. AngII-induced elevated expression of AF-associated molecules, such as ox-CaMKII, p-RyR2, p-JNK, p-ERK, and TRPC3/6, was improved by isorhamnetin treatment. The findings of the present study suggest that isorhamnetin prevents AngII-induced AF vulnerability and arrhythmogenic atrial remodeling, highlighting its therapeutic potential as an anti-arrhythmogenic pharmaceutical or dietary supplement.
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Wang L, Liang H, Sun B, Mi J, Tong X, Wang Y, Chen M, Yu L, Pan J, Liu S, Liu YJ, Liu Y. Role of TRPC6 in periodontal tissue reconstruction mediated by appropriate stress. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:401. [PMID: 35932080 PMCID: PMC9354362 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The basis of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the reconstruction of periodontal tissue under stress. Increasing the speed of OTM has always been the focus of attention. OBJECTIVES Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are direct effector cells of mechanical force, but the mechanism by which PDLSCs sense mechanical stimuli is unclear. METHODS Human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs) were analyzed in the presence or absence of force loading with the Flexcell loading system in vitro. Then, periodontal tissues were analyzed after mechanical stimulation in vivo. In addition, cells in a confined microenvironment were analyzed to observe changes in the cytoskeleton and migration. Finally, TRPC6-/- mice were used to further verify the effect of TRPC6. After force application, the OTM distance, bone marrow density (BMD), TRPC6 and COL1 expression, and TRAP staining were evaluated in periodontal tissues. RESULTS RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and western blot analyses revealed that TRPC6 was important during mechanical force application to hPDLSCs. Appropriate mechanical force application also induced TRPC6 activation in the OTM model and the confined microenvironment. Under a slightly confined microenvironment, treatment with the TRPC6 inhibitor SKF96365 and TRPC6 knockout decreased the migration speed of hPDLSCs and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). In addition, TRPC6-/- mice showed lower OTM distances and reduced osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation. CONCLUSION In summary, TRPC6 activation in PDLSCs mediated by appropriate mechanical force application contributes to periodontal tissue reconstruction. PDLSCs modulate periodontal tissue remodeling under appropriate mechanical stimulation through TRPC6; however, under excessive stress, alveolar bone and tooth roots are readily absorbed. Under this condition, environmental factors play a leading role, and the regulatory effect of TRPC6 is not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Dental Department, Shanghai 1st People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingjing Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jing Mi
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xianqin Tong
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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Klotho Modulates Pro-Fibrotic Activities in Human Atrial Fibroblasts through Inhibition of Phospholipase C Signaling and Suppression of Store-Operated Calcium Entry. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071574. [PMID: 35884879 PMCID: PMC9312905 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibroblasts activation causes atrial fibrosis, which is one major pathophysiological contributor to atrial fibrillation (AF) genesis. Klotho is a pleiotropic protein with remarkable cardiovascular effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. This study investigated whether Klotho can modulate the activity of human atrial fibroblasts and provides an anti-fibrotic effect. Methods: Cell migration assay and proliferation assay were used to investigate fibrogenesis activities in single human atrial fibroblasts with or without treatment of Klotho (10 and 100 pM, 48 h). Calcium fluorescence imaging, the whole-cell patch-clamp, and Western blotting were performed in human atrial fibroblasts treated with and without Klotho (100 pM, 48 h) to evaluate the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), transient receptor potential (TRP) currents, and downstream signaling. Results: High dose of Klotho (100 pM, 48 h) significantly reduced the migration of human atrial fibroblasts without alternating their proliferation; in addition, treatment of Klotho (100 pM, 48 h) also decreased SOCE and TRP currents. In the presence of BI-749327 (a selective canonical TRP 6 channel inhibitor, 1 μM, 48 h), Klotho (100 pM, 48 h) could not inhibit fibroblast migration nor suppress the TRP currents. Klotho-treated fibroblasts (100 pM, 48 h) had lower phosphorylated phospholipase C (PLC) (p-PLCβ3 Ser537) expression than the control. The PLC inhibitor, U73122 (1 μM, 48 h), reduced the migration, decreased SOCE and TRP currents, and lowered p-PLCβ3 in atrial fibroblasts, similar to Klotho. In the presence of the U73122 (1 μM, 48 h), Klotho (100 pM, 48 h) could not further modulate the migration and collagen synthesis nor suppress the TRP currents in human atrial fibroblasts. Conclusions: Klotho inhibited pro-fibrotic activities and SOCE by inhibiting the PLC signaling and suppressing the TRP currents, which may provide a novel insight into atrial fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis.
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Jacobs T, Abdinghoff J, Tschernig T. Protein detection and localization of the non-selective cation channel TRPC6 in the human heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174972. [PMID: 35483666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Due to longer lifespans in societies in industrialized countries, cardiovascular diseases are becoming increasingly important for medical research. It has already been shown that the cell membrane-bound, non-selective TRPC6 ion channel is important in the pathogenesis of heart diseases. Among other things, it is permeable to calcium ion, which plays a critical role in cardiac contraction and relaxation. The TRPC6 ion channel is a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A deeper understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological role as well as the localization of TRPC6 in human cardiac tissue is the basis for new drug development. Although the TRPC6 channel has been detected in animal studies, at the mRNA level in humans, and sparse TRPC6 protein has been detected in humans, there are no systematic studies of TRPC6 protein detection in the human heart. For the first time, TRPC6 ion channel protein was detected histologically in human heart tissue from body donors in different structures, localizations, and histological layers - particularly in cardiomyocytes and intramuscular arterioles - by immunohistochemistry, just as TRPC6 expression has already been shown in animal models of the heart by other research groups. In the sense of the translational concept, this indicates a possible transferability of research results from animal models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Jacobs
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Medical Campus, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Jan Abdinghoff
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Medical Campus, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Medical Campus, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Banerjee S, Nara R, Chakraborty S, Chowdhury D, Haldar S. Integrin Regulated Autoimmune Disorders: Understanding the Role of Mechanical Force in Autoimmunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852878. [PMID: 35372360 PMCID: PMC8971850 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is multifactorial, where immune cell migration, adhesion, and lymphocyte activation play crucial roles in its progression. These immune processes are majorly regulated by adhesion molecules at cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell–cell junctions. Integrin, a transmembrane focal adhesion protein, plays an indispensable role in these immune cell mechanisms. Notably, integrin is regulated by mechanical force and exhibit bidirectional force transmission from both the ECM and cytosol, regulating the immune processes. Recently, integrin mechanosensitivity has been reported in different immune cell processes; however, the underlying mechanics of these integrin-mediated mechanical processes in autoimmunity still remains elusive. In this review, we have discussed how integrin-mediated mechanotransduction could be a linchpin factor in the causation and progression of autoimmune disorders. We have provided an insight into how tissue stiffness exhibits a positive correlation with the autoimmune diseases’ prevalence. This provides a plausible connection between mechanical load and autoimmunity. Overall, gaining insight into the role of mechanical force in diverse immune cell processes and their dysregulation during autoimmune disorders will open a new horizon to understand this physiological anomaly.
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Bon RS, Wright DJ, Beech DJ, Sukumar P. Pharmacology of TRPC Channels and Its Potential in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:427-446. [PMID: 34499525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030121-122314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins assemble to form homo- or heterotetrameric, nonselective cation channels permeable to K+, Na+, and Ca2+. TRPC channels are thought to act as complex integrators of physical and chemical environmental stimuli. Although the understanding of essential physiological roles of TRPC channels is incomplete, their implication in various pathological mechanisms and conditions of the nervous system, kidneys, and cardiovascular system in combination with the lack of major adverse effects of TRPC knockout or TRPC channel inhibition is driving the search of TRPC channel modulators as potential therapeutics. Here, we review the most promising small-molecule TRPC channel modulators, the understanding of their mode of action, and their potential in the study and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Bon
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David J Wright
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - David J Beech
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
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Siri-Angkul N, Dadfar B, Jaleel R, Naushad J, Parambathazhath J, Doye AA, Xie LH, Gwathmey JK. Calcium and Heart Failure: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147392. [PMID: 34299010 PMCID: PMC8306046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and prevalence of heart failure remain high in the United States as well as globally. One person dies every 30 s from heart disease. Recognizing the importance of heart failure, clinicians and scientists have sought better therapeutic strategies and even cures for end-stage heart failure. This exploration has resulted in many failed clinical trials testing novel classes of pharmaceutical drugs and even gene therapy. As a result, along the way, there have been paradigm shifts toward and away from differing therapeutic approaches. The continued prevalence of death from heart failure, however, clearly demonstrates that the heart is not simply a pump and instead forces us to consider the complexity of simplicity in the pathophysiology of heart failure and reinforces the need to discover new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Behzad Dadfar
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 1471655836, Iran
| | - Riya Jaleel
- School of International Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jazna Naushad
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha P. O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | | | | | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Judith K. Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +973-972-2411; Fax: +973-972-7489
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Momin A, Bahrampour S, Min HK, Chen X, Wang X, Sun Y, Huang X. Channeling Force in the Brain: Mechanosensitive Ion Channels Choreograph Mechanics and Malignancies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:367-384. [PMID: 33752907 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Force is everywhere. Through cell-intrinsic activities and interactions with the microenvironment, cells generate, transmit, and sense mechanical forces, such as compression, tension, and shear stress. These forces shape the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. Akin to how balanced biochemical signaling safeguards physiological processes, a mechanical optimum is required for homeostasis. The brain constructs a mechanical optimum from its cellular and extracellular constituents. However, in brain cancer, the mechanical properties are disrupted: tumor and nontumoral cells experience dysregulated solid and fluid stress, while tumor tissue develops altered stiffness. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels perceive mechanical cues to govern ion flux and cellular signaling. In this review, we describe the mechanical properties of the brain in healthy and cancer states and illustrate MS ion channels as sensors of mechanical cues to regulate malignant growth. Targeting MS ion channels offers disease insights at the interface of cancer, neuroscience, and mechanobiology to reveal therapeutic opportunities in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Momin
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 3E1, Canada.
| | - Shahrzad Bahrampour
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Hyun-Kee Min
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Xian Wang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 3E1, Canada.
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12
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Boycott HE, Nguyen MN, Vrellaku B, Gehmlich K, Robinson P. Nitric Oxide and Mechano-Electrical Transduction in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606740. [PMID: 33384614 PMCID: PMC7770138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability§ of the heart to adapt to changes in the mechanical environment is critical for normal cardiac physiology. The role of nitric oxide is increasingly recognized as a mediator of mechanical signaling. Produced in the heart by nitric oxide synthases, nitric oxide affects almost all mechano-transduction pathways within the cardiomyocyte, with roles mediating mechano-sensing, mechano-electric feedback (via modulation of ion channel activity), and calcium handling. As more precise experimental techniques for applying mechanical stresses to cells are developed, the role of these forces in cardiomyocyte function can be further understood. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of different nitric oxide synthase isoforms are now available to elucidate the role of these enzymes in mediating mechano-electrical signaling. Understanding of the links between nitric oxide production and mechano-electrical signaling is incomplete, particularly whether mechanically sensitive ion channels are regulated by nitric oxide, and how this affects the cardiac action potential. This is of particular relevance to conditions such as atrial fibrillation and heart failure, in which nitric oxide production is reduced. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide/mechano-electrical signaling pathways are likely to be a feature of cardiac pathology (e.g., atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure) and a better understanding of the importance of nitric oxide signaling and its links to mechanical regulation of heart function may advance our understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Boycott
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - My-Nhan Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Besarte Vrellaku
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Arrhythmia Mechanisms in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 77:300-316. [PMID: 33323698 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite major efforts by clinicians and researchers, cardiac arrhythmia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Experimental work has relied on combining high-throughput strategies with standard molecular and electrophysiological studies, which are, to a great extent, based on the use of animal models. Because this poses major challenges for translation, the progress in the development of novel antiarrhythmic agents and clinical care has been mostly disappointing. Recently, the advent of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes has opened new avenues for both basic cardiac research and drug discovery; now, there is an unlimited source of cardiomyocytes of human origin, both from healthy individuals and patients with cardiac diseases. Understanding arrhythmic mechanisms is one of the main use cases of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, in addition to pharmacological cardiotoxicity and efficacy testing, in vitro disease modeling, developing patient-specific models and personalized drugs, and regenerative medicine. Here, we review the advances that the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived-based modeling systems have brought so far regarding the understanding of both arrhythmogenic triggers and substrates, while also briefly speculating about the possibilities in the future.
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14
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Cox CD, Bavi N, Martinac B. Biophysical Principles of Ion-Channel-Mediated Mechanosensory Transduction. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1-12. [PMID: 31577940 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent rapid progress in the field of mechanobiology has been driven by novel emerging tools and methodologies and growing interest from different scientific disciplines. Specific progress has been made toward understanding how cell mechanics is linked to intracellular signaling and the regulation of gene expression in response to a variety of mechanical stimuli. There is a direct link between the mechanoreceptors at the cell surface and intracellular biochemical signaling, which in turn controls downstream effector molecules. Among the mechanoreceptors in the cell membrane, mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are essential for the ultra-rapid (millisecond) transduction of mechanical stimuli into biologically relevant signals. The three decades of research on mechanosensitive channels resulted in the formulation of two basic principles of mechanosensitive channel gating: force-from-lipids and force-from-filament. In this review, we revisit the biophysical principles that underlie the innate force-sensing ability of mechanosensitive channels as contributors to the force-dependent evolution of life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
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15
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Su Y, Chen Q, Ju Y, Li W, Li W. Palmitate induces human glomerular mesangial cells fibrosis through CD36-mediated transient receptor potential canonical channel 6/nuclear factor of activated T cell 2 activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158793. [PMID: 32800850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study suggested that palmitate (PA) induces human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs) fibrosis. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. Recent studies suggested that transient receptor potential canonical channel 6 (TRPC6)/nuclear factor of activated T cell 2 (NFAT2) played an important role in renal fibrosis. Moreover, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) regulated the synthesis of TPRC6 agonist diglyceride. In the present study, we investigated whether PA induced HMCs fibrosis via TRPC6/NFAT2 mediated by CD36. METHODS A type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) model was established in Sprague Dawley rats, and HMCs were stimulated with PA. Lipid accumulation and free fatty acid (FFA) uptake were measured. The expression levels of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, FN, TRPC6, NFAT2 and CD36 were evaluated. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was assessed. RESULTS FFA were elevated in type 2 DN rats with kidney fibrosis in addition to NFAT2 and CD36 expression. In vitro, PA induced HMCs fibrosis, [Ca2+]i elevation and NFAT2 activation. SKF96365 or TRPC6-siRNA could attenuate PA-induced HMCs damage. By contrast, the TRPC6 activator showed the opposite effect. Moreover, NFAT2-siRNA also suppressed PA-induced HMCs fibrosis. CD36 knockdown inhibited the PA-induced [Ca2+]i elevation and NFAT2 expression. In addition, long-term treatment with PA decreased TRPC6 expression in HMCs. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that PA could induce the activation of the [Ca2+]i/NFAT2 signaling pathway through TRPC6, which led to HMCs fibrosis. Although activation of TRPC6 attributed to CD36-mediated lipid deposition, long-term stimulation of PA may lead to negative feedback on the expression of TPRC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yinghui Ju
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Ion Medical Center, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing 246052, Anhui, China.
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16
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How TRPC Channels Modulate Hippocampal Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113915. [PMID: 32486187 PMCID: PMC7312571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins constitute a group of receptor-operated calcium-permeable nonselective cationic membrane channels of the TRP superfamily. They are largely expressed in the hippocampus and are able to modulate neuronal functions. Accordingly, they have been involved in different hippocampal functions such as learning processes and different types of memories, as well as hippocampal dysfunctions such as seizures. This review covers the mechanisms of activation of these channels, how these channels can modulate neuronal excitability, in particular the after-burst hyperpolarization, and in the persistent activity, how they control synaptic plasticity including pre- and postsynaptic processes and how they can interfere with cell survival and neurogenesis.
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17
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Wen H, Gwathmey JK, Xie LH. Role of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Channels in Heart Physiology and Pathophysiology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:24. [PMID: 32158769 PMCID: PMC7052113 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are involved in the regulation of cardiac function under (patho)physiological conditions and are closely associated with the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and the regulatory pathway/locus of TRPC channels in related heart diseases will provide potential new concepts for designing novel drugs targeting TRPC channels. We will present the properties and regulation of TRPC channels and their roles in the development of various forms of heart disease. This article provides a brief review on the role of TRPC channels in the regulation of myocardial function as well as how TRPC channels may serve as a therapeutic target in heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairuo Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory, National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Judith K Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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18
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Nikolaev YA, Cox CD, Ridone P, Rohde PR, Cordero-Morales JF, Vásquez V, Laver DR, Martinac B. Mammalian TRP ion channels are insensitive to membrane stretch. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs238360. [PMID: 31722978 PMCID: PMC6918743 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
TRP channels of the transient receptor potential ion channel superfamily are involved in a wide variety of mechanosensory processes, including touch sensation, pain, blood pressure regulation, bone loading and detection of cerebrospinal fluid flow. However, in many instances it is unclear whether TRP channels are the primary transducers of mechanical force in these processes. In this study, we tested stretch activation of eleven TRP channels from six mammalian subfamilies. We found that these TRP channels were insensitive to short membrane stretches in cellular systems. Furthermore, we purified TRPC6 and demonstrated its insensitivity to stretch in liposomes, an artificial bilayer system free from cellular components. Additionally, we demonstrated that, when expressed in C. elegans neurons, mouse TRPC6 restores the mechanoresponse of a touch insensitive mutant but requires diacylglycerol for activation. These results strongly suggest that the mammalian members of the TRP ion channel family are insensitive to tension induced by cell membrane stretching and, thus, are more likely to be activated by cytoplasmic tethers or downstream components and to act as amplifiers of cellular mechanosensory signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Nikolaev
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Pietro Ridone
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Paul R Rohde
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Julio F Cordero-Morales
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Valeria Vásquez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, USA
| | - Derek R Laver
- Human Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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19
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Talbot BE, Vandorpe DH, Stotter BR, Alper SL, Schlondorff JS. Transmembrane insertases and N-glycosylation critically determine synthesis, trafficking, and activity of the nonselective cation channel TRPC6. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12655-12669. [PMID: 31266804 PMCID: PMC6709635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6) is a widely expressed ion channel. Gain-of-function mutations in the human TRPC6 channel cause autosomal-dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, but the molecular components involved in disease development remain unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of gain-of-function TRPC6 channel variants is cytotoxic in cultured cells. Exploiting this phenotype in a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas screen for genes whose inactivation rescues cells from TRPC6-associated cytotoxicity, we identified several proteins essential for TRPC6 protein expression, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex transmembrane insertase. We also identified transmembrane protein 208 (TMEM208), a putative component of a signal recognition particle-independent (SND) ER protein-targeting pathway, as being necessary for expression of TRPC6 and several other ion channels and transporters. TRPC6 expression was also diminished by loss of the previously uncharacterized WD repeat domain 83 opposite strand (WDR83OS), which interacted with both TRPC6 and TMEM208. Additionally enriched among the screen hits were genes involved in N-linked protein glycosylation. Deletion of the mannosyl (α-1,3-)-glycoprotein β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT1), necessary for the generation of complex N-linked glycans, abrogated TRPC6 gain-of-function variant-mediated Ca2+ influx and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in HEK cells, but failed to diminish cytotoxicity in cultured podocytes. However, mutating the two TRPC6 N-glycosylation sites abrogated the cytotoxicity of mutant TRPC6 and reduced its surface expression. These results expand the targets of TMEM208-mediated ER translocation to include multipass transmembrane proteins and suggest that TRPC6 N-glycosylation plays multiple roles in modulating channel trafficking and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E Talbot
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - David H Vandorpe
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Brian R Stotter
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Johannes S Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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20
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Ezeani M. TRP Channels Mediated Pathological Ca 2+-Handling and Spontaneous Ectopy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:83. [PMID: 31281820 PMCID: PMC6595228 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channel biology offers great opportunity in identifying and learning about cardiac pathophysiology mechanisms. The discovery of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is an add-on to the opportunity. Interacting with numerous signaling pathways, being activated multimodally, and having prescribed signatures underlining acute hemodynamic control and cardiac remodeling, TRP channels regulate cardiac pathophysiology. Impaired Ca2+-handling cause contractile abnormality. Modulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a major part of Ca2+-handling processes in cardiac pathophysiology. TRP channels including TRPM4 regulate [Ca2+]i, Ca2+-handling and cardiac contractility. The channels modulate flux of divalent cations, such as Ca2+ during Ca2+-handling and cardiac contractility. Seminal works implicate TRPM4 and TRPC families in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Defective Ca2+-homeostasis through TRP channels interaction with Ca2+-dependent regulatory proteins such as sodium calcium exchanger (NCX) results in abnormal Ca2+ handling, contractile dysfunction and in spontaneous ectopy. This review provides insight into TRP channels mediated pathological Ca2+-handling and spontaneous ectopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ezeani
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Friedrich O, Merten AL, Schneidereit D, Guo Y, Schürmann S, Martinac B. Stretch in Focus: 2D Inplane Cell Stretch Systems for Studies of Cardiac Mechano-Signaling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:55. [PMID: 30972334 PMCID: PMC6445849 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary research field, involving biophysics, molecular and cell biology, biomedical engineering, and medicine. Rapid progress has been possible due to emerging devices and tools engineered for studies of the effect of mechanical forces, such as stretch or shear force, impacting on biological cells and tissues. In response to such mechanical stimuli, cells possess various mechanosensors among which mechanosensitive ion channels are molecular transducers designed to convert mechanical stimuli into electrical and/or biochemical intracellular signals on millisecond time scales. To study their role in cellular signaling pathways, devices have been engineered that enable application of different strain protocols to cells allowing for determination of the stress-strain relationship or other, preferably optical, readouts. Frequently, these devices are mounted on fluorescence microscopes, allowing simultaneous investigation of cellular mechanotransduction processes combined with live-cell imaging. Mechanical stress in organs/tissues can be complex and multiaxial, e.g., in hollow organs, like lung alveoli, bladder, or the heart. Therefore, biomedical engineers have, in recent years, developed devices based on elastomeric membranes for application of biaxial or multiaxial stretch to 2D substrate-adhered or even 3D-embedded cells. Here, we review application of stretch technologies to cellular mechanotransduction with a focus on cardiovascular systems. We also present new results obtained by our IsoStretcher device to examine mechanosensitivity of adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. We show that sudden isotropic stretch of cardiomyocytes can already trigger arrhythmic Ca2+ transients on the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Merten
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Muscle Research Center Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yang Guo
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Boris Martinac
- Mechanosensory Biophysics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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22
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Adding dimension to cellular mechanotransduction: Advances in biomedical engineering of multiaxial cell-stretch systems and their application to cardiovascular biomechanics and mechano-signaling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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