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van Geffen C, Lange T, Kolahian S. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in influenza virus-induced asthma exacerbation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342497. [PMID: 38694499 PMCID: PMC11061804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a phenotypically heterogenous group of cells that potently suppress the immune response. A growing body of evidence supports the important role of MDSCs in a variety of lung diseases, such as asthma. However, the role of MDSCs in asthma exacerbation has so far not been investigated. Here, we studied the role of MDSCs in a murine model of influenza virus-induced asthma exacerbation. BALB/c mice were exposed to house dust mite (HDM) three times a week for a total of five weeks to induce a chronic asthmatic phenotype, which was exacerbated by additional exposure to the A/Hamburg/5/2009 hemagglutinin 1 neuraminidase 1 (H1N1) influenza virus. Induction of lung inflammatory features, production of T helper (Th) 1- and Th2- associated inflammatory cytokines in the lavage fluid and an increased airway hyper-responsiveness were observed, establishing the asthma exacerbation model. The number and activity of pulmonary M-MDSCs increased in exacerbated asthmatic mice compared to non-exacerbated asthmatic mice. Furthermore, depletion of MDSCs aggravated airway hyper-responsiveness in exacerbated asthmatic mice. These findings further denote the role of MDSCs in asthma and provide some of the first evidence supporting a potential important role of MDSCs in asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel van Geffen
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), The Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Lange
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), The Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), The Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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2
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Bruhn M, Spatz M, Kalinke U. MORITS: An improved method to predict peptides from heterologous proteins that are recognized by the same T-cell receptor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8255. [PMID: 38589549 PMCID: PMC11002005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific priming of T cells results in the activation of T cells that exert effector functions by interaction of their T-cell receptor (TCR) with the corresponding self-MHC molecule presenting a peptide on the surface of a target cell. Such antigen-specific T cells potentially can also interact with peptide-MHC complexes that contain peptides from unrelated antigens, a phenomenon that often is referred to as heterologous immunity. For example, some individuals that were pre-immunized against an allergen, could subsequently mount better anti-viral T-cell responses than non-allergic individuals. So far only few peptide pairs that experimentally have been shown to provoke heterologous immunity were identified, and available prediction tools that can identify potential candidates are imprecise. We developed the MORITS algorithm to rapidly screen large lists of peptides for sequence similarities, while giving enhanced consideration to peptide residues presented by MHC that are particularly relevant for TCR interactions. In combination with established peptide-MHC binding prediction tools, the MORITS algorithm revealed peptide similarities between the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and certain allergens. The method outperformed previously published workflows and may help to identify novel pairs of peptides that mediate heterologous immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bruhn
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Spatz
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Karagöz IK, Kaya M, Rückert R, Bozman N, Kaya V, Bayram H, Yıldırım M. A bioinformatic analysis: Previous allergen exposure may support anti- SARS-CoV-2 immune response. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 107:107961. [PMID: 37788543 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 has become a global health problem due to significant mortality rates; the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains uncertain. Articles reporting patient data are quite heterogeneous and have several limitations. Surviving patients develop a CD4 and CD8 T-cell response to the virus SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19. Interestingly, pre-existing virus-reactive T-cells have been found in patients that were not infected before, suggesting some form of cross-reactivity or immunological mimicry. To better understand this phenomenon, we performed a bioinformatic study, which was aimed to identify antigenic structures that may explain the presence of such "reactive" T-cells, which may support or modulate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Seven different common environmental allergen epitopes identical to the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein were identified that share affinity to 8 MHCI-specific epitope regions. Pollen showed the greatest similarity with the S protein epitope. In the epitope similarity analysis between the S protein and MHC-II / T helper epitopes, the highest similarity was determined for mites. When S-protein that stimulates B cells and identical epitope antigens are examined, the most common allergens were hornbeam and wheat. The high epitope similarity observed for the allergens examined and S protein epitopes suggest that these allergens may be a reason for pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 - reactive T-cells in previously non-infected subjects and such a previous exposure may affect the course of the disease in COVID-19 infection. It remains to be determined whether such a previous existence of SARS-CoV-2 reactive cells can support the clearance of the virus or if they, in contrast, may even aggravate the disease course. (Table 4, Ref 54).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isıl Kutluturk Karagöz
- Umraniye Trn. And Rch. Hospital, Division of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey; Yıldız Technical University, Bioengineering Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Nazli Bozman
- Gaziantep University Arts and Science Faculty Department of Biology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Vildan Kaya
- Medstar Antalya Hospital, Division of Radiation Oncology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Halim Bayram
- Dr. Ersin Arslan Trn. And Rch Hospital, Division of Infection Diseases, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldırım
- Sanko University, School of Medicine, Internal Diseases, Division of Oncology, Gaziantep, Turkey
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4
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Balz K, Kaushik A, Cemic F, Sampath V, Heger V, Renz H, Nadeau K, Skevaki C. Cross-reactive MHC class I T cell epitopes may dictate heterologous immune responses between respiratory viruses and food allergens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14874. [PMID: 37684288 PMCID: PMC10491592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections play a major role in asthma, while there is a close correlation between asthma and food allergy. We hypothesized that T cell-mediated heterologous immunity may induce asthma symptoms among sensitized individuals and used two independent in silico pipelines for the identification of cross-reactive virus- and food allergen- derived T cell epitopes, considering individual peptide sequence similarity, MHC binding affinity and immunogenicity. We assessed the proteomes of human rhinovirus (RV1b), respiratory syncytial virus (RSVA2) and influenza-strains contained in the seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine 2019/2020 (QIV 2019/2020), as well as SARS-CoV-2 for human HLA alleles, in addition to more than 200 most common food allergen protein sequences. All resulting allergen-derived peptide candidates were subjected to an elaborate scoring system considering multiple criteria, including clinical relevance. In both bioinformatics approaches, we found that shortlisted peptide pairs that are potentially binding to MHC class II molecules scored up to 10 × lower compared to MHC class I candidate epitopes. For MHC class I food allergen epitopes, several potentially cross-reactive peptides from shrimp, kiwi, apple, soybean and chicken were identified. The shortlisted set of peptide pairs may be implicated in heterologous immune responses and translated to peptide immunization strategies with immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Balz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Abhinav Kaushik
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94040, USA
- Departmental of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Franz Cemic
- Department of Computer Science, TH Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences Gießen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94040, USA
| | - Vanessa Heger
- Department of Computer Science, TH Mittelhessen, University of Applied Sciences Gießen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Departmental of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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5
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Alashkar Alhamwe B, López JF, Zhernov Y, von Strandmann EP, Karaulov A, Kolahian S, Geßner R, Renz H. Impact of local human microbiota on the allergic diseases: Organ-organ interaction. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13976. [PMID: 37366206 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The homogeneous impact of local dysbiosis on the development of allergic diseases in the same organ has been thoroughly studied. However, much less is known about the heterogeneous influence of dysbiosis within one organ on allergic diseases in other organs. A comprehensive analysis of the current scientific literature revealed that most of the relevant publications focus on only three organs: gut, airways, and skin. Moreover, the interactions appear to be mainly unidirectional, that is, dysbiotic conditions of the gut being associated with allergic diseases of the airways and the skin. Similar to homogeneous interactions, early life appears to be not only a crucial period for the formation of the microbiota in one organ but also for the later development of allergic diseases in other organs. In particular, we were able to identify a number of specific bacterial and fungal species/genera in the intestine that were repeatedly associated in the literature with either increased or decreased allergic diseases of the skin, like atopic dermatitis, or the airways, like allergic rhinitis and asthma. The reported studies indicate that in addition to the composition of the microbiome, also the relative abundance of certain microbial species and the overall diversity are associated with allergic diseases of the corresponding organs. As anticipated for human association studies, the underlying mechanisms of the organ-organ crosstalk could not be clearly resolved yet. Thus, further work, in particular experimental animal studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms linking dysbiotic conditions of one organ to allergic diseases in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa, Syria
| | - Juan-Felipe López
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Yury Zhernov
- Department of General Hygiene, F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute of Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Geßner
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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6
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Völkel S, Tarawneh TS, Sacher L, Bhagwat AM, Karim I, Mack HID, Wiesmann T, Beutel B, Hoyer J, Keller C, Renz H, Burchert A, Neubauer A, Graumann J, Skevaki C, Mack EKM. Serum proteomics hint at an early T-cell response and modulation of SARS-CoV-2-related pathogenic pathways in COVID-19-ARDS treated with Ruxolitinib. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1176427. [PMID: 37293294 PMCID: PMC10244732 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1176427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) is triggered by hyperinflammation, thus providing a rationale for immunosuppressive treatments. The Janus kinase inhibitor Ruxolitinib (Ruxo) has shown efficacy in severe and critical COVID-19. In this study, we hypothesized that Ruxo's mode of action in this condition is reflected by changes in the peripheral blood proteome. Methods This study included 11 COVID-19 patients, who were treated at our center's Intensive Care Unit (ICU). All patients received standard-of-care treatment and n = 8 patients with ARDS received Ruxo in addition. Blood samples were collected before (day 0) and on days 1, 6, and 10 of Ruxo treatment or, respectively, ICU admission. Serum proteomes were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS) and cytometric bead array. Results Linear modeling of MS data yielded 27 significantly differentially regulated proteins on day 1, 69 on day 6 and 72 on day 10. Only five factors (IGLV10-54, PSMB1, PGLYRP1, APOA5, WARS1) were regulated both concordantly and significantly over time. Overrepresentation analysis revealed biological processes involving T-cells only on day 1, while a humoral immune response and complement activation were detected at day 6 and day 10. Pathway enrichment analysis identified the NRF2-pathway early under Ruxo treatment and Network map of SARS-CoV-2 signaling and Statin inhibition of cholesterol production at later time points. Conclusion Our results indicate that the mechanism of action of Ruxo in COVID-19-ARDS can be related to both known effects of this drug as a modulator of T-cells and the SARS-CoV-2-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Völkel
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas S. Tarawneh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Sacher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aditya M. Bhagwat
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ihab Karim
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hildegard I. D. Mack
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Wiesmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Diakonie-Klinikum Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
| | - Björn Beutel
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Gießen, Germany
| | - Joachim Hoyer
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Keller
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Universities of Gießen and Marburg Lung Center, Gießen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth K. M. Mack
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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7
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Alhamwe BA, Gao Z, Alhamdan F, Harb H, Pichene M, Garnier A, Andari JE, Kaufmann A, Graumann PL, Kesper D, Daviaud C, Garn H, Tost J, Potaczek DP, Blaser MJ, Renz H. Intranasal administration of Acinetobacter lwoffii in a murine model of asthma induces IL-6-mediated protection associated with cecal microbiota changes. Allergy 2023; 78:1245-1257. [PMID: 36458896 PMCID: PMC10160012 DOI: 10.1111/all.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to certain environmental bacteria including Acinetobacter lwoffii (AL) has been implicated in protection from chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma later in life. However, the underlying mechanisms at the immune-microbe interface remain largely unknown. METHODS The effects of repeated intranasal AL exposure on local and systemic innate immune responses were investigated in wild-type and Il6-/- , Il10-/- , and Il17-/- mice exposed to ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. Those investigations were expanded by microbiome analyses. To assess for AL-associated changes in gene expression, the picture arising from animal data was supplemented by in vitro experiments of macrophage and T-cell responses, yielding expression and epigenetic data. RESULTS The asthma preventive effect of AL was confirmed in the lung. Repeated intranasal AL administration triggered a proinflammatory immune response particularly characterized by elevated levels of IL-6, and consequently, IL-6 induced IL-10 production in CD4+ T-cells. Both IL-6 and IL-10, but not IL-17, were required for asthma protection. AL had a profound impact on the gene regulatory landscape of CD4+ T-cells which could be largely recapitulated by recombinant IL-6. AL administration also induced marked changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome but not in the lung microbiome. By comparing the effects on the microbiota according to mouse genotype and AL-treatment status, we have identified microbial taxa that were associated with either disease protection or activity. CONCLUSION These experiments provide a novel mechanism of Acinetobacter lwoffii-induced asthma protection operating through IL-6-mediated epigenetic activation of IL-10 production and with associated effects on the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology, and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa 15, Syria
| | - Zhan Gao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Fahd Alhamdan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthieu Pichene
- The Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine, CEA–Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Abel Garnier
- The Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine, CEA–Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jihad El Andari
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter L. Graumann
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dörthe Kesper
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Daviaud
- The Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine, CEA–Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Holger Garn
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Tost
- The Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment, Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine, CEA–Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Bioscientia MVZ Labor Mittelhessen GmbH, Gießen, Germany
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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8
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Martikainen MV, Tossavainen T, Hannukka N, Roponen M. Pollen, respiratory viruses, and climate change: Synergistic effects on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115149. [PMID: 36566960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, evidence of the synergistic effects of pollen and viruses on respiratory health has begun to accumulate. Pollen exposure is a known risk factor for the incidence and severity of respiratory viral infections. However, recent evidence suggests that pollen exposure may also inhibit or weaken viral infections. A comprehensive summary has not been made and a consensus on the synergistic health effects has not been reached. It is highly possible that climate change will increase the significance of pollen exposure as a cause of respiratory problems and, at the same time, affect the risk of infectious disease outbreaks. It is important to accurately assess how these two factors affect human health separately and concurrently. In this review article, for the first time, the data from previous studies are combined and reviewed and potential research gaps concerning the synergistic effects of pollen and viral exposure are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Viola Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tarleena Tossavainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Hannukka
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Heinemann AS, Stalp JL, Bonifacio JPP, Silva F, Willers M, Heckmann J, Fehlhaber B, Völlger L, Raafat D, Normann N, Klos A, Hansen G, Schmolke M, Viemann D. Silent neonatal influenza A virus infection primes systemic antimicrobial immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1072142. [PMID: 36761727 PMCID: PMC9902881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1072142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with influenza A viruses (IAV) cause seasonal epidemics and global pandemics. The majority of these infections remain asymptomatic, especially among children below five years of age. Importantly, this is a time, when immunological imprinting takes place. Whether early-life infections with IAV affect the development of antimicrobial immunity is unknown. Using a preclinical mouse model, we demonstrate here that silent neonatal influenza infections have a remote beneficial impact on the later control of systemic juvenile-onset and adult-onset infections with an unrelated pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, due to improved pathogen clearance and clinical resolution. Strategic vaccination with a live attenuated IAV vaccine elicited a similar protection phenotype. Mechanistically, the IAV priming effect primarily targets antimicrobial functions of the developing innate immune system including increased antimicrobial plasma activity and enhanced phagocyte functions and antigen-presenting properties at mucosal sites. Our results suggest a long-term benefit from an exposure to IAV during the neonatal phase, which might be exploited by strategic vaccination against influenza early in life to enforce the host's resistance to later bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophie Heinemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Lennart Stalp
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Filo Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maike Willers
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Heckmann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Fehlhaber
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Völlger
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dina Raafat
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nicole Normann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Translational Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Infection Research, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Kelly MS, Bunyavanich S, Phipatanakul W, Lai PS. The Environmental Microbiome, Allergic Disease, and Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2206-2217.e1. [PMID: 35750322 PMCID: PMC9704440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The environmental microbiome represents the entirety of the microbes and their metabolites that we encounter in our environments. A growing body of evidence supports the role of the environmental microbiome in risk for and severity of allergic diseases and asthma. The environmental microbiome represents a ubiquitous, lifelong exposure to non-self antigens. During the critical window between birth and 1 year of life, interactions between our early immune system and the environmental microbiome have 2 consequences: our individual microbiome is populated by environmental microbes, and our immune system is trained regarding which antigens to tolerate. During this time, a diversity of exposures appears largely protective, dramatically decreasing the risk of developing allergic diseases and asthma. As we grow older, our interactions with the environmental microbiome change. While it continues to exert influence over the composition of the human microbiome, the environmental microbiome becomes increasingly a source for antigenic stimulation and infection. The same microbial exposure protective against disease development may exacerbate disease severity. Although much has been learned about the importance of the environmental microbiome in allergic disease, much more remains to be understood about these complicated interactions between our environment, our microbiome, our immune system, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Peggy S Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
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11
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Hartwell M, Greiner BH, Nicks S. Examination of Homologies between COVID-19 Vaccines and Common Allergens: The Potential for T Cell-mediated Responses for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. INFECTIOUS DISEASES & IMMUNITY 2022. [PMID: 37520897 PMCID: PMC9612419 DOI: 10.1097/id9.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As the SARS-CoV-2 virus shares relatively large protein sequences homologous to grass pollens, dust mites, and molds, our objective was to assess the potential overlap between the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNtech and Moderna and known allergens. We found 7 common allergens with potential for cross-reactivity with the Pfizer vaccine and 19 with the Moderna vaccine, including common grasses, molds, and dust mites. T-cell mediated antigen cross-reactivity between viruses and allergens is a relatively new area of study in clinical immunology; a discipline that may be particularly useful regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the allergic response in humans. These results suggest that vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNtech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines may contribute to T-cell cross-reactivity with allergens that impact allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Further research should assess the clinical implications of COVID-19 vaccination on the severity and symptomatology of the allergic disease, in addition to natural viral infection.
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12
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Gao YD, Agache I, Akdis M, Nadeau K, Klimek L, Jutel M, Akdis CA. The effect of allergy and asthma as a comorbidity on the susceptibility and outcomes of COVID-19. Int Immunol 2021; 34:177-188. [PMID: 34788827 PMCID: PMC8689956 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes an overwhelming number of hospitalization and deaths with a significant socioeconomic impact. The vast majority of studies indicate that asthma and allergic diseases do not represent a risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility nor cause a more severe course of disease. This raises the opportunity to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the interaction between an allergic background and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The majority of patients with asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergies and drug allergies exhibit an over-expression of type 2 immune and inflammatory pathways with the contribution of epithelial cells, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, T cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and the type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-31. The potential impact of type 2 inflammation-related allergic diseases on susceptibility to COVID-19 and severity of its course have been reported. In this review, the prevalence of asthma and other common allergic diseases in COVID-19 patients is addressed. Moreover, the impact of allergic and non-allergic asthma with different severity and control status, currently available asthma treatments such as inhaled and oral corticosteroids, short- and long-acting β2 agonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists and biologicals on the outcome of COVID-19 patients is reviewed. In addition, possible protective mechanisms of asthma and type 2 inflammation on COVID-19 infection, such as the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors, antiviral activity of eosinophils and cross-reactive T-cell epitopes, are discussed. Potential interactions of other allergic diseases with COVID-19 are postulated, including recommendations for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Gao
- Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, An den Quellen, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University.,All-MED Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Herman-Burchard Strasse, Davos, Switzerland
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13
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Li KH, Leong PY, Tseng CF, Wang YH, Wei JCC. Influenza Vaccination Is Associated With Lower Incidental Asthma Risk in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729501. [PMID: 34721391 PMCID: PMC8548273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic march refers to the natural history of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy followed by subsequent allergic rhinitis and asthma in later life. Respiratory viruses interact with allergic sensitization to promote recurrent wheezing and the development of asthma. We aimed to evaluate whether influenza vaccination reduces asthma risk in people with AD. Methods This cohort study was conducted retrospectively from 2000 to 2013 by the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Patients with newly diagnosed AD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 691) were enrolled as the AD cohort. We matched each vaccinated patient with one non-vaccinated patient according to age and sex. We observed each participant until their first asthma event, or the end of the study on December 31, 2013, whichever came first. Results Our analyses included 4,414 people with a mean age of 53 years. Of these, 43.8 were male. The incidence density of asthma was 12.6 per 1,000 person-years for vaccinated patients, and 15.1 per 1000 person-years for non-vaccinated patients. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of asthma in the vaccinated cohort relative to the non-vaccinated cohort was 0.69 (95% CI = 0.55–0.87). Vaccinated patients had a lower cumulative incidence of asthma than unvaccinated patients. Vaccinated participants in all age and sex groups trended toward a lower risk of asthma. People will reduce more asthma risk when taking shots every year. Conclusion Influenza vaccination was associated with lower asthma risk in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hong Li
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pui-Ying Leong
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Fang Tseng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Korb E, Drinić M, Wagner A, Geissler N, Inic-Kanada A, Peschke R, Joachim A, Wiedermann U, Schabussova I. Reduction of Allergic Lung Disease by Mucosal Application of Toxoplasma gondii-Derived Molecules: Possible Role of Carbohydrates. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612766. [PMID: 33776987 PMCID: PMC7988086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hygiene hypothesis suggests a link between parasitic infections and immune disorders, such as allergic diseases. We previously showed that infection with Toxoplasma gondii or systemic application of T. gondii tachyzoites lysate antigen (TLA) in a prophylactic, but not therapeutic protocol, prevented allergic airway inflammation in mice. Here we tested the effect of prophylactic and therapeutic application of TLA via the mucosal route. Methods Mice were intranasally treated with TLA either i) prior to sensitization, ii) during sensitization and challenge, or iii) after sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung, cytokine levels in restimulated lung and spleen cell cultures as well as levels of OVA-specific antibodies in serum were measured. In parallel, the effect of native TLA, heat-inactivated (hiTLA) or deglycosylated TLA (dgTLA) on sensitized splenocytes was evaluated ex vivo. Results When applied together with OVA i) during systemic sensitization and local challenge or ii) exclusively during local challenge, TLA reduced infiltration of eosinophils into the lung, OVA-specific type 2 cytokines in restimulated lung cell cultures, and partially, type 2 cytokines in restimulated spleen cell cultures in comparison to allergic controls. No beneficial effect was observed when TLA was applied prior to the start of sensitization. Analysis of epitope sugars on TLA indicated a high abundance of mannose, fucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine. Deglycosylation of TLA, but not heat-inactivation, abolished the potential of TLA to reduce type 2 responses ex vivo, suggesting a significant role of carbohydrates in immunomodulation. Conclusion We showed that mucosal application of TLA reduced the development of experimental allergy in mice. The beneficial effects depended on the timing of the application in relation to the time point of sensitization. Not only co-application, but also therapy in sensitized/allergic animals with native TLA reduced local allergic responses. Furthermore, we show that TLA is highly glycosylated and glycoconjugates seem to play a role in anti-allergic effects. In summary, given the powerful modulatory effect that TLA exhibits, understanding its exact mechanisms of action may lead to the development of novel immunomodulators in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Korb
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjana Drinić
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Wagner
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Geissler
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Peschke
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Joachim
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Homologies between SARS-CoV-2 and allergen proteins may direct T cell-mediated heterologous immune responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4792. [PMID: 33637823 PMCID: PMC7910599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency. Asthma does not represent a risk factor for COVID-19 in several published cohorts. We hypothesized that the SARS-CoV-2 proteome contains T cell epitopes, which are potentially cross-reactive to allergen epitopes. We aimed at identifying homologous peptide sequences by means of two distinct complementary bioinformatics approaches. Pipeline 1 included prediction of MHC Class I and Class II epitopes contained in the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and allergens along with alignment and elaborate ranking approaches. Pipeline 2 involved alignment of SARS-CoV-2 overlapping peptides with known allergen-derived T cell epitopes. Our results indicate a large number of MHC Class I epitope pairs including known as well as de novo predicted allergen T cell epitopes with high probability for cross-reactivity. Allergen sources, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Phleum pratense and Dermatophagoides species are of particular interest due to their association with multiple cross-reactive candidate peptides, independently of the applied bioinformatic approach. In contrast, peptides derived from food allergens, as well as MHC class II epitopes did not achieve high in silico ranking and were therefore not further investigated. Our findings warrant further experimental confirmation along with examination of the functional importance of such cross-reactive responses.
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16
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Sarate PJ, Srutkova D, Geissler N, Schwarzer M, Schabussova I, Inic-Kanada A, Kozakova H, Wiedermann U. Pre- and Neonatal Imprinting on Immunological Homeostasis and Epithelial Barrier Integrity by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Prevents Allergic Poly-Sensitization in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612775. [PMID: 33679699 PMCID: PMC7927790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A steady rise in the number of poly-sensitized patients has increased the demand for effective prophylactic strategies against multi-sensitivities. Probiotic bacteria have been successfully used in clinics and experimental models to prevent allergic mono-sensitization. In the present study, we have investigated whether probiotic bacteria could prevent poly-sensitization by imprinting on the immune system early in life. We used two recombinant variants of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN): i) EcN expressing birch and grass pollen, poly-allergen chimera construct (EcN-Chim), and ii) an “empty” EcN without allergen expression (EcN-Ctrl). Conventional mice (CV) were treated with either EcN-Chim or EcN-Ctrl in the last week of the gestation and lactation period. Gnotobiotic mice received one oral dose of either EcN-Chim or EcN-Ctrl before mating. The offspring from both models underwent systemic allergic poly-sensitization and intranasal challenge with recombinant birch and grass pollen allergens (rBet v 1, rPhl p 1, and rPhl p 5). In the CV setting, the colonization of offspring via treatment of mothers reduced allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in offspring compared to poly-sensitized controls. Similarly, in a gnotobiotic model, AAI was reduced in EcN-Chim and EcN-Ctrl mono-colonized offspring. However, allergy prevention was more pronounced in the EcN-Ctrl mono-colonized offspring as compared to EcN-Chim. Mono-colonization with EcN-Ctrl was associated with a shift toward mixed Th1/Treg immune responses, increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the lung, and maintained levels of zonulin-1 in lung epithelial cells as compared to GF poly-sensitized and EcN-Chim mono-colonized mice. This study is the first one to establish the model of allergic poly-sensitization in gnotobiotic mice. Using two different settings, gnotobiotic and conventional mice, we demonstrated that an early life intervention with the EcN without expressing an allergen is a powerful strategy to prevent poly-sensitization later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya J Sarate
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Nora Geissler
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Irma Schabussova
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czechia
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Skevaki C, Karsonova A, Karaulov A, Xie M, Renz H. Asthma-associated risk for COVID-19 development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1295-1301. [PMID: 33002516 PMCID: PMC7834224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The newly described severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for a pandemic (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]). It is now well established that certain comorbidities define high-risk patients. They include hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. In contrast, the context with bronchial asthma is controversial and shows marked regional differences. Because asthma is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory lung disease worldwide and SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the upper and lower airways leading to marked inflammation, the question arises about the possible clinical and pathophysiological association between asthma and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Here, we analyze the global epidemiology of asthma among patients with COVID-19 and propose the concept that patients suffering from different asthma endotypes (type 2 asthma vs non-type 2 asthma) present with a different risk profile in terms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, development of COVID-19, and progression to severe COVID-19 outcomes. This concept may have important implications for future COVID-19 diagnostics and immune-based therapy developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps Universität Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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18
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Wu Q, Jorde I, Kershaw O, Jeron A, Bruder D, Schreiber J, Stegemann-Koniszewski S. Resolved Influenza A Virus Infection Has Extended Effects on Lung Homeostasis and Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121878. [PMID: 33260910 PMCID: PMC7761027 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation (AAI) involves T helper cell type 2 (Th2) and pro-inflammatory responses to aeroallergens and many predisposing factors remain elusive. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major human pathogen that causes acute respiratory infections and induces specific immune responses essential for viral clearance and resolution of the infection. Beyond acute infection, IAV has been shown to persistently affect lung homeostasis and respiratory immunity. Here we asked how resolved IAV infection affects subsequently induced AAI. Mice infected with a sublethal dose of IAV were sensitized and challenged in an ovalbumin mediated mouse model for AAI after resolution of the acute viral infection. Histological changes, respiratory leukocytes, cytokines and airway hyperreactivity were analyzed in resolved IAV infection alone and in AAI with and without previous IAV infection. More than five weeks after infection, we detected persistent pneumonia with increased activated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes as well as dendritic cells and MHCII expressing macrophages in the lung. Resolved IAV infection significantly affected subsequently induced AAI on different levels including morphological changes, respiratory leukocytes and lymphocytes as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, which was clearly diminished. We conclude that IAV has exceptional persisting effects on respiratory immunity with substantial consequences for subsequently induced AAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wu
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Q.W.); (I.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Ilka Jorde
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Q.W.); (I.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Jeron
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.J.); (D.B.)
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (A.J.); (D.B.)
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Q.W.); (I.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (Q.W.); (I.J.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Sidney J, Peters B, Sette A. Epitope prediction and identification- adaptive T cell responses in humans. Semin Immunol 2020; 50:101418. [PMID: 33131981 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epitopes, in the context of T cell recognition, are short peptides typically derived by antigen processing, and presented on the cell surface bound to MHC molecules (HLA molecules in humans) for TCR scrutiny. The identification of epitopes is a context-dependent process, with consideration given to, for example, the source pathogen and protein, the host organism, and state of the immune reaction (e.g., following natural infection, vaccination, etc.). In the following review, we consider the various approaches used to define T cell epitopes, including both bioinformatic and experimental approaches, and discuss the concepts of immunodominance and immunoprevalence. We also discuss HLA polymorphism and epitope restriction, and the resulting impact on the identification of, and potential population coverage afforded by, epitopes or epitope-based vaccines. Finally, some examples of the practical application of T cell epitope identification are provided, showing how epitopes have been valuable for deriving novel immunological insights in the context of the immune response to various pathogens and allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Scheffold A, Bacher P, LeibundGut-Landmann S. T cell immunity to commensal fungi. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 58:116-123. [PMID: 33120172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are an important part of the microbiota in healthy barrier tissues. Fungal dysbiosis in turn is associated with local and distal inflammatory diseases. Recent advances have shed light on the antigen-specific IL-17-dependent mechanisms that regulate fungal commensalism and prevent fungal overgrowth during homeostasis. Progress in our understanding of species-specific differences in fungus-host interactions provides new hypotheses of why Candida albicans-targeting T cells exceed those directed against other fungal species in the human T cell repertoire. Importantly, C. albicans-specific Th17 cells can also contribute to immune pathology in distant organs such as the lung via cross-reaction with heterologous antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Early life microbial exposures and allergy risks: opportunities for prevention. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 21:177-191. [PMID: 32918062 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergies, including asthma, food allergy and atopic dermatitis, are increasing in prevalence, particularly in westernized countries. Although a detailed mechanistic explanation for this increase is lacking, recent evidence indicates that, in addition to genetic predisposition, lifestyle changes owing to modernization have an important role. Such changes include increased rates of birth by caesarean delivery, increased early use of antibiotics, a westernized diet and the associated development of obesity, and changes in indoor and outdoor lifestyle and activity patterns. Most of these factors directly and indirectly impact the formation of a diverse microbiota, which includes bacterial, viral and fungal components; the microbiota has a leading role in shaping (early) immune responses. This default programme is markedly disturbed under the influence of environmental and lifestyle risk factors. Here, we review the most important allergy risk factors associated with changes in our exposure to the microbial world and the application of this knowledge to allergy prevention strategies.
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Scheffold A, Bacher P. Anti-fungal T cell responses in the lung and modulation by the gut-lung axis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 56:67-73. [PMID: 32679448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung is a central organ for immune-environmental interactions ranging from tolerance against harmless substances to protection against pathogens, which are particularly sensitive to regulation by the intestinal microbiota. Airborne fungi, can cause variety of diseases, including allergies and inflammatory disorders, as well as life-threatening invasive infections. Remarkable differences exist between ubiquitous fungal species with regard to protective immune mechanisms. Recent data have surprisingly identified Aspergillus-specific regulatory T cells as an essential tolerance checkpoint and provided mechanistic insight for the loss of tolerance in the course of immune pathologies. Furthermore, pathogenic Th17 cells in Aspergillus-associated inflammatory disease seem to be induced by cross-reactivity to the intestinal commensal Candida albicans. Here we review and discuss what is known about fungus-specific T cell responses in the lung how they are modulated by the gut-lung axis and in particular discussing the modulation of adaptive immune responses by cross-reactivity to the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Germany
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23
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Balz K, Trassl L, Härtel V, Nelson PP, Skevaki C. Virus-Induced T Cell-Mediated Heterologous Immunity and Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:513. [PMID: 32296430 PMCID: PMC7137989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous immunity (H.I.) is a consequence of an encounter with a specific antigen, which can alter the subsequent immune response to a different antigen. This can happen at the innate immune system level—often called trained immunity or innate immune memory—and/or at the adaptive immune system level involving T memory cells and antibodies. Viruses may also induce T cell-mediated H.I., which can confer protection or drive immunopathology against other virus subtypes, related or unrelated viruses, other pathogens, auto- or allo-antigens. It is important to understand the underlying mechanisms for the development of antiviral “universal” vaccines and broader T cell responses rather than just subtype-specific antibody responses as in the case of influenza. Furthermore, knowledge about determinants of vaccine-mediated H.I. may inform public health policies and provide suggestions for repurposing existing vaccines. Here, we introduce H.I. and provide an overview of evidence on virus- and antiviral vaccine-induced T cell-mediated cross-reactive responses. We also discuss the factors influencing final clinical outcome of virus-mediated H.I. as well as non-specific beneficial effects of live attenuated antiviral vaccines such as measles and vaccinia. Available epidemiological and mechanistic data have implications both for the development of new vaccines and for personalized vaccinology, which are presented. Finally, we formulate future research priorities and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Balz
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lilith Trassl
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Härtel
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp P Nelson
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Farahnak S, Chronopoulos J, Martin JG. Nucleic Acid Sensing in Allergic Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:1-33. [PMID: 30904191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances indicate that there is crosstalk between allergic disorders and nucleic acid sensing. Triggers that activate inflammatory mechanisms via nucleic acid sensors affect both allergic phenotypes and anti-viral responses, depending on the timing and the order of exposure. Viral respiratory infections, such as those caused by the rhinovirus, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus, are the most frequent cause of significant asthma exacerbations through effects mediated predominantly by TLR3. However, agonists of other nucleic acid sensors, such as TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists, may inhibit allergic inflammation and reduce clinical manifestations of disease. The allergic state can predispose the immune system to both exaggerated responses to viral infections or protection from anti-viral inflammatory responses. TH2 cytokines appear to alter the epithelium, leading to defective viral clearance or exaggerated responses to viral infections. However, a TH2 skewed allergic response may be protective against a TH1-dependent inflammatory anti-viral response. This review briefly introduces the receptors involved in nucleic acid sensing, addresses mechanisms by which nucleic acid sensing and allergic responses can counteract one another, and discusses the strategies in experimental settings, both in animal and human studies, to harness the nucleic acid sensing machinery for the intervention of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Farahnak
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Chronopoulos
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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25
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Microbiota epitope similarity either dampens or enhances the immunogenicity of disease-associated antigenic epitopes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196551. [PMID: 29734356 PMCID: PMC5937769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome influences adaptive immunity and molecular mimicry influences T cell reactivity. Here, we evaluated whether the sequence similarity of various antigens to the microbiota dampens or increases immunogenicity of T cell epitopes. Sets of epitopes and control sequences derived from 38 antigenic categories (infectious pathogens, allergens, autoantigens) were retrieved from the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB). Their similarity to microbiome sequences was calculated using the BLOSUM62 matrix. We found that sequence similarity was associated with either dampened (tolerogenic; e.g. most allergens) or increased (inflammatory; e.g. Dengue and West Nile viruses) likelihood of a peptide being immunogenic as a function of epitope source category. Ten-fold cross-validation and validation using sets of manually curated epitopes and non-epitopes derived from allergens were used to confirm these initial observations. Furthermore, the genus from which the microbiome homologous sequences were derived influenced whether a tolerogenic versus inflammatory modulatory effect was observed, with Fusobacterium most associated with inflammatory influences and Bacteroides most associated with tolerogenic influences. We validated these effects using PBMCs stimulated with various sets of microbiome peptides. "Tolerogenic" microbiome peptides elicited IL-10 production, "inflammatory" peptides elicited mixed IL-10/IFNγ production, while microbiome epitopes homologous to self were completely unreactive for both cytokines. We also tested the sequence similarity of cockroach epitopes to specific microbiome sequences derived from households of cockroach allergic individuals and non-allergic controls. Microbiomes from cockroach allergic households were less likely to contain sequences homologous to previously defined cockroach allergens. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that microbiome sequences may contribute to the tolerization of T cells for allergen epitopes, and lack of these sequences might conversely be associated with increased likelihood of T cell reactivity against the cockroach epitopes. Taken together this study suggests that microbiome sequence similarity influences immune reactivity to homologous epitopes encoded by pathogens, allergens and auto-antigens.
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26
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Pusch E, Renz H, Skevaki C. Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution? ALLERGO JOURNAL 2018; 27:28-45. [PMID: 32300267 PMCID: PMC7149200 DOI: 10.1007/s15007-018-1580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To provide current knowledge on respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity (HI) with a focus on humoral and cellular cross-reactivity. Adaptive heterologous immune responses have broad implications on infection, autoimmunity, allergy and transplant immunology. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved might ultimately open up possibilities for disease prevention, for example by vaccination. Methods A structured literature search was performed using Medline and PubMed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on respiratory-virus induced adaptive HI. Results In HI the immune response towards one antigen results in an alteration of the immune response towards a second antigen. We provide an overview of respiratory virus-induced HI, including viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), coronavirus (CoV) and influenza virus (IV). We discuss T cell receptor (TCR) and humoral cross-reactivity as mechanisms of HI involving those respiratory viruses. Topics covered include HI between respiratory viruses as well as between respiratory viruses and other pathogens. Newly developed vaccines, which have the potential to provide protection against multiple virus strains are also discussed. Furthermore, respiratory viruses have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as narcolepsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, type 1 diabetes or myocarditis. Finally, we discuss the role of respiratory viruses in asthma and the hygiene hypothesis, and review our recent findings on HI between IV and allergens, which leads to protection from experimental asthma. Conclusion Respiratory-virus induced HI may have protective but also detrimental effects on the host. Respiratory viral infections contribute to asthma or autoimmune disease development, but on the other hand, a lack of microbial encounter is associated with an increasing number of allergic as well as autoimmune diseases. Future research might help identify the elements which determine a protective or detrimental outcome in HI-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Pusch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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27
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Pusch E, Renz H, Skevaki C. Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:79-96. [PMID: 32226720 PMCID: PMC7100437 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-018-0056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To provide current knowledge on respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity (HI) with a focus on humoral and cellular cross-reactivity. Adaptive heterologous immune responses have broad implications on infection, autoimmunity, allergy and transplant immunology. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved might ultimately open up possibilities for disease prevention, for example by vaccination. Methods A structured literature search was performed using Medline and PubMed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on respiratory-virus induced adaptive HI. Results In HI the immune response towards one antigen results in an alteration of the immune response towards a second antigen. We provide an overview of respiratory virus-induced HI, including viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), coronavirus (CoV) and influenza virus (IV). We discuss T cell receptor (TCR) and humoral cross-reactivity as mechanisms of HI involving those respiratory viruses. Topics covered include HI between respiratory viruses as well as between respiratory viruses and other pathogens. Newly developed vaccines which have the potential to provide protection against multiple virus strains are also discussed. Furthermore, respiratory viruses have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as narcolepsy, Guillain–Barré syndrome, type 1 diabetes or myocarditis. Finally, we discuss the role of respiratory viruses in asthma and the hygiene hypothesis, and review our recent findings on HI between IV and allergens, which leads to protection from experimental asthma. Conclusion Respiratory-virus induced HI may have protective but also detrimental effects on the host. Respiratory viral infections contribute to asthma or autoimmune disease development, but on the other hand, a lack of microbial encounter is associated with an increasing number of allergic as well as autoimmune diseases. Future research might help identify the elements which determine a protective or detrimental outcome in HI-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Pusch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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