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Rizzo AD, Sanz M, Roffe G, Sajaroff EO, Prado DA, Prieto E, Goris V, Rossi JG, Bernasconi AR. CD62-L down-regulation after L18-MDP stimulation as a complementary flow cytometry functional assay for the diagnosis of XIAP deficiency. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2024. [PMID: 38770762 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficiency is an infrequent inborn error of immunity caused by mutations in XIAP gene. Most cases present with absence of XIAP protein which can be detected by flow cytometry (FC), representing a rapid diagnostic method. However, since some genetic defects may not preclude protein expression, it is important to include a complementary functional test in the laboratory workup of these patients. L-selectin (CD62-L) is a molecule that is cleaved from the surface membrane of leukocytes upon stimulation of different receptors such as toll like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), including NOD2. Considering that XIAP deficiency impairs NOD2 signaling, we decided to assess CD62-L down-regulation by FC post-stimulation of neutrophils and monocytes with L18-muramyl Di-Peptide (L18-MDP), a NOD2 specific agonist, in order to develop a novel assay for the functional evaluation of patients with suspicion of XIAP defects. Whole blood samples from 20 healthy controls (HC) and four patients with confirmed molecular diagnosis of XIAP deficiency were stimulated with 200 ng/mL of L18-MDP for 2 h. Stimulation with 100 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was carried out in parallel as a positive control of CD62-L shedding. CD62-L expression was evaluated by FC using an anti CD62-L- antibody and down-regulation was assessed by calculating the difference in CD62-L expression before and after stimulation, both in terms of percentage of CD62-L expressing cells (Δ%CD62-L) and median fluorescence intensity (ΔMFI%). Neutrophils and monocytes from XIAP deficient patients displayed a significantly diminished response to L18-MDP stimulation compared with HC (p < 0.0001), indicating a severely altered mechanism of CD62-L down-regulation following activation of NOD2-XIAP axis. On the other hand, the response to LPS stimulation was comparable between patients and heathy controls, suggesting preserved CD62-L shedding with a different stimulus. FC detection of CD62-L down-regulation in monocytes and neutrophils after whole blood stimulation with L18-MDP results in an effective and rapid functional test for the identification of XIAP deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín D Rizzo
- Laboratory Division, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Sanz
- Laboratory Division, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Roffe
- Laboratory Division, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elisa O Sajaroff
- Laboratory Division, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damian A Prado
- Laboratory Division, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emma Prieto
- Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Goris
- Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge G Rossi
- Laboratory Division, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea R Bernasconi
- Laboratory Division, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pojero F, Gervasi F, Fiore SD, Aiello A, Bonacci S, Caldarella R, Attanzio A, Candore G, Caruso C, Ligotti ME, Procopio A, Restivo I, Tesoriere L, Allegra M, Accardi G. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nutritionally Relevant Concentrations of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: An Age-Related Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11029. [PMID: 37446206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence and inflammaging facilitate the insurgence of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet is a non-invasive intervention to improve the chronic low-grade inflammatory status associated with aging. Olive oil oleuropein (OLE) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) demonstrated a controversial modulatory action on inflammation in vitro when tested at concentrations exceeding those detectable in human plasma. We studied the potential anti-inflammatory effects of OLE and HT at nutritionally relevant concentrations on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as regards cell viability, frequency of leukocyte subsets, and cytokine release, performing an age-focused analysis on two groups of subjects: Adult (age 18-64 years) and Senior (age ≥ 65 years). OLE and HT were used alone or as a pre-treatment before challenging PBMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both polyphenols had no effect on cell viability irrespective of LPS, but 5 µM HT had an LPS-like effect on monocytes, reducing the intermediate subset in Adult subjects. OLE and HT had no effect on LPS-triggered release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, but 5 µM HT reduced IL-10 secretion by PBMCs from Adult vs. Senior group. In summary, nutritionally relevant concentrations of OLE and HT elicit no anti-inflammatory effect and influence the frequency of immune cell subsets with age-related different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Gervasi
- Specialistic Oncology Laboratory Unit, ARNAS Hospitals Civico Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Davide Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ignazio Restivo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Seth N, Tuano KS, Chinen J. Inborn errors of immunity: Recent progress. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1442-1450. [PMID: 34688776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) have been wide in scope, including progress in mechanisms of disease, diagnosis, and management. New gene defects affecting the immune response continue to be reported, as many as 26 in the year 2020. It was noted that the presentation of IEIs might not include recurrent infections in 9% of cases, and that current diagnostic methods can identify molecular causes in 92% of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency. Progress in immunopathogenesis explained mechanisms leading to symptoms of autosomal-recessive hyper-IgE syndrome. There was an emphasis on research in primary antibody deficiencies. The benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce the frequency of infections was demonstrated in these patients. The regimen of rituximab and azathioprine or mycophenolate was proven effective for chronic granulocytic interstitial pneumonia. The efficacy and adverse events of hematopoietic stem cell transplant in different IEI conditions were reported, as well as different strategies to improve outcomes, supporting its use in immunodeficiency and immunodysregulatory syndromes. The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 affected patients with IEIs, in particular those with deficiency in the interferon-mediated activation of the immune response. Initial data suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines might elicit anti-coronavirus disease 2019-neutralizing antibody responses in some patients with IEI conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Seth
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, The Woodlands, Tex
| | - Karen S Tuano
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, The Woodlands, Tex
| | - Javier Chinen
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, The Woodlands, Tex.
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Craig-Mueller N, Hammad R, Elling R, Alzubi J, Timm B, Kolter J, Knelangen N, Bednarski C, Gläser B, Ammann S, Ivics Z, Fischer J, Speckmann C, Schwarz K, Lachmann N, Ehl S, Moritz T, Henneke P, Cathomen T. Modeling MyD88 Deficiency In Vitro Provides New Insights in Its Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608802. [PMID: 33424861 PMCID: PMC7786022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited defects in MyD88 and IRAK4, two regulators in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, are clinically highly relevant, but still incompletely understood. MyD88- and IRAK4-deficient patients are exceedingly susceptible to a narrow spectrum of pathogens, with ∼50% lethality in the first years of life. To better understand the underlying molecular and cellular characteristics that determine disease progression, we aimed at modeling the cellular response to pathogens in vitro. To this end, we determined the immunophenotype of monocytes and macrophages derived from MyD88- and IRAK4-deficient patients. We recognized that macrophages derived from both patients were particularly poorly activated by streptococci, indicating that both signaling intermediates are essential for the immune response to facultative pathogens. To characterize this defect in more detail, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of fibroblasts derived from an MyD88-deficient patient. The underlying genetic defect was corrected using Sleeping Beauty transposon vectors encoding either the long (L) or the short (S) MYD88 isoform, respectively. Macrophages derived from these iPSC lines (iMacs) expressed typical macrophage markers, stably produced either MyD88 isoform, and showed robust phagocytic activity. Notably, iMacs expressing MyD88-L, but not MyD88-S, exhibited similar responses to external stimuli, including cytokine release patterns, as compared to genetically normal iMacs. Thus, the two MyD88 isoforms assume distinct functions in signaling. In conclusion, iPSC technology, in combination with efficient myeloid differentiation protocols, provides a valuable and inexhaustible source of macrophages, which can be used for disease modeling. Moreover, iPSC-derived macrophages may eventually aid in stabilizing MyD88-deficient patients during pyogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Craig-Mueller
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,MD Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruba Hammad
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,PhD Program, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jamal Alzubi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Timm
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kolter
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nele Knelangen
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christien Bednarski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgitta Gläser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Ammann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Judith Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster for Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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