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Danto SI, Tsamandouras N, Reddy P, Gilbert SA, Mancuso JY, Page K, Beebe JS, Peeva E, Vincent MS. Exploratory pharmacodynamics and efficacy of PF-06817024 in a Phase 1 study of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and atopic dermatitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 20:46. [PMID: 39215351 PMCID: PMC11365161 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-024-00894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PF-06817024 is a humanized antibody against interleukin-33 that has the potential to inhibit type 2 inflammation. An exploratory analysis of the pharmacodynamics and clinical effects of single and repeat doses of PF-06817024 was assessed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), respectively, as part of a Phase 1, first-in-human study. Rhinosinusitis symptoms were improved, and nasal polyps were decreased in size following treatment with PF-06817024 in patients with CRSwNP. In patients with AD, PF-06817024, in aggregate, reduced disease severity and improved symptoms, as demonstrated by greater percentage decrease from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores and reduced pruritus numerical rating scores, compared with placebo. The efficacy in AD appeared to be bimodal with a sub-group of participants exhibiting high levels of improvement (EASI75 and EASI90) for a sustained period of time after dosing. In patients with CRSwNP, a consistent trend of decrease in eosinophil levels was observed in the PF-06817024 group, compared with placebo. Further research would be needed to confirm the clinical benefit and safety of PF-06817024 as a treatment for allergic diseases. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02743871. Registered 15 April 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02743871?term=NCT02743871&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Padma Reddy
- Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02151, USA
| | | | | | - Karen Page
- Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02151, USA
| | - Jean S Beebe
- Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02151, USA
| | - Elena Peeva
- Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02151, USA
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2
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Ambrosino P, Marcuccio G, Raffio G, Formisano R, Candia C, Manzo F, Guerra G, Lubrano E, Mancusi C, Maniscalco M. Endotyping Chronic Respiratory Diseases: T2 Inflammation in the United Airways Model. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:899. [PMID: 39063652 PMCID: PMC11278432 DOI: 10.3390/life14070899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, the paradigm of viewing the upper and lower airways as a unified system has progressively shifted the approach to chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). As the global prevalence of CRDs continues to increase, it becomes evident that acknowledging the presence of airway pathology as an integrated entity could profoundly impact healthcare resource allocation and guide the implementation of pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies. In the era of precision medicine, endotyping has emerged as another novel approach to CRDs, whereby pathologies are categorized into distinct subtypes based on specific molecular mechanisms. This has contributed to the growing acknowledgment of a group of conditions that, in both the upper and lower airways, share a common type 2 (T2) inflammatory signature. These diverse pathologies, ranging from allergic rhinitis to severe asthma, frequently coexist and share diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic strategies targeting common molecular pathways. Thus, T2 inflammation may serve as a unifying endotypic trait for the upper and lower airways, reinforcing the practical significance of the united airways model. This review aims to summarize the literature on the role of T2 inflammation in major CRDs, emphasizing the value of common biomarkers and integrated treatment strategies targeting shared molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Ambrosino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Scientific Directorate of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Marcuccio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Raffio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Roberto Formisano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; (R.F.); (E.L.)
| | - Claudio Candia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fabio Manzo
- Fleming Clinical Laboratory, 81020 Casapulla, Italy;
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Ennio Lubrano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; (R.F.); (E.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Ho G, Lam L, Tran T, Wei J, Hashimoto M. Innate neuroimmunity across aging and neurodegeneration: a perspective from amyloidogenic evolvability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1430593. [PMID: 39071802 PMCID: PMC11272618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1430593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's Disease (AD), amyloidogenic proteins (APs), such as β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, may act as alarmins/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to stimulate neuroinflammation and cell death. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that brain-specific type 2 immune networks may be important in modulating amyloidogenicity and brain homeostasis. Central to this, components of innate neuroimmune signaling, particularly type 2 components, assume distinctly specialized roles in regulating immune homeostasis and brain function. Whereas balanced immune surveillance stems from normal type 2 brain immune function, appropriate microglial clearance of aggregated misfolded proteins and neurotrophic and synaptotrophic signaling, aberrant pro-inflammatory activity triggered by alarmins might disrupt this normal immune homeostasis with reduced microglial amyloid clearance, synaptic loss, and ultimately neurodegeneration. Furthermore, since increased inflammation may in turn cause neurodegeneration, it is predicted that AP aggregation and neuroinflammation could synergistically promote even more damage. The reasons for maintaining such adverse biological conditions which have not been weeded out during evolution remain unclear. Here, we discuss these issues from a viewpoint of amyloidogenic evolvability, namely, aEVO, a hypothetic view of an adaptation to environmental stress by AP aggregates. Speculatively, the interaction of AP aggregation and neuroinflammation for aEVO in reproduction, which is evolutionally beneficial, might become a co-activating relationship which promotes AD pathogenesis through antagonistic pleiotropy. If validated, simultaneously suppressing both AP aggregation and specific innate neuroinflammation could greatly increase therapeutic efficacy in AD. Overall, combining a better understanding of innate neuroimmunity in aging and disease with the aEVO hypothesis may help uncover novel mechanism of pathogenesis of AD, leading to improved diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, United States
| | - Linh Lam
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, United States
| | - Tony Tran
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute, Poway, CA, United States
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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4
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Papa V, Li Pomi F, Borgia F, Vaccaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Alarmins in cutaneous malignant melanoma: An updated overview of emerging evidence on their pathogenetic, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic role. J Dermatol 2024; 51:927-938. [PMID: 38775220 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Malignant cutaneous melanoma is the leading cause of death for skin cancer to date, with globally increasing incidence rates. In this epidemiological scenario, international scientific research is exerting efforts to identify new clinical strategies aimed at the prognostic amelioration of the disease. Very promising and groundbreaking in this context is the scientific interest related to alarmins and their pioneering utility in the setting of the pathogenetic understanding, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for malignant cutaneous melanoma. However, the scientific investigations on this matter should not overlook their still well-presented dual and contradictory role. The aim of our critical analysis is to provide an up-to-date overview of the emerging evidence concerning the dichotomous role of alarmins in the aforementioned clinical settings. Our literature revision was based on the extensive body of both preclinical and clinical findings published on the PubMed database over the past 5 years. In addition to this, we offer a special focus on potentially revolutionary new therapeutic frontiers, which, on the strength of their earliest successes in other clinical areas, could inaugurate a new era of personalized and precision medicine in the field of dermato-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Li Pomi
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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5
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Schuetz JP, Anderson B, Sindher SB. New biologics for food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:147-152. [PMID: 38547423 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to explore role of emerging biologics, including ligelizumab, UB-221, dupilumab, and antialarmins, in food allergy management. With a focus on recent developments, we evaluate their promise in mitigating adverse events during oral immunotherapy (OIT), reducing allergic reactions, and addressing the limitations of current therapeutic options. RECENT FINDINGS Antiimmunoglobulin E mAbs, exemplified by omalizumab, demonstrate efficacy in desensitization and safety improvement during multiallergen OIT. Next-generation antibodies like ligelizumab and UB-221 exhibit enhanced potency and unique mechanisms, holding promise for food allergy treatment. Dupilumab, targeting IL-4 receptor alpha, presents potential benefits in decreasing allergen-specific IgE and modifying the atopic march. Exploration of antialarmins, specifically anti-IL-33 (etokimab) and anti-TSLP (tezepelumab), reveals encouraging results, with etokimab showing early success in peanut allergy trials. SUMMARY Biologics hold promising potential for food allergy treatment. Tailoring therapeutic approaches based on shared decision-making becomes pivotal. While omalizumab remains a significant option, next-generation anti-IgE antibodies and agents targeting alarmins exhibit unique strengths. Dupilumab, despite limited success as monotherapy, shows promise as an adjunct for OIT. Careful consideration of treatment goals, patient preferences, and the evolving landscape of biologics will shape future clinical practice, offering allergists an expanded toolbox for personalized food allergy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson P Schuetz
- Department of Pathology, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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6
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Mahmood L, Keskin S, Jefferson AA. Precision care in the treatment of pediatric asthma. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:304-309. [PMID: 38411592 PMCID: PMC11042999 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precision medicine in pediatric asthma involves identification of asthma phenotypes, genetic markers, biomarkers, and biologics that target specific pathways. This review includes a discussion of the efficacy of currently approved biologics for pediatric asthma and most recent advances in biomarker/phenotype identification and genetic associations that affect asthma care. RECENT FINDINGS Biologics targeting type-2 mediated pathways have shown success in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in pediatric and adult patients. In comparative studies, dupilumab, an interleukin-4 (IL-4) alpha receptor inhibitor, and mepolizumab, an IL-5 inhibitor, have shown more improvement in asthma exacerbation rates and lung function compared to other biologics such as tezepelumab, omalizumab and benralizumab. Other methods used to categorize asthma treatment response have been investigated and include use of biomarkers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Genomic studies are also emerging in precision care for pediatric asthma. SUMMARY An understanding of underlying immunologic and genetic mechanisms affecting the development of asthma in pediatric patients has resulted in the production of numerous targeted therapies that have led to improvement in lung function and reduced exacerbation burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mahmood
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sevdenur Keskin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Akilah A. Jefferson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
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7
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Rosario CS, Urrutia-Pereira M, Murrieta-Aguttes M, D’Amato G, Chong-Silva DC, Godoi RHM, Rosario Filho NA. Air pollution and rhinitis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1387525. [PMID: 38863567 PMCID: PMC11166029 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1387525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinitis arises from either allergic or non-allergic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tissue and nasal secretions, along with structural alterations in the nasal mucosa. The pathways through which air pollution affects rhinitis may diverge from those affecting asthma. This article aims to review the effects of diverse air pollutants on the nose, the correlation of climate change and pollution, and how they aggravate the symptoms of patients with rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gennaro D’Amato
- Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, High Speciality Hospital “A. Cardarelli”, Naples, Italy
- Medical School of Specialization in Respiratory Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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8
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Polverino F, Sin DD. Type 2 airway inflammation in COPD. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2400150. [PMID: 38485148 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00150-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Globally, nearly 400 million persons have COPD, and COPD is one of the leading causes of hospitalisation and mortality across the world. While it has been long-recognised that COPD is an inflammatory lung disease, dissimilar to asthma, type 2 inflammation was thought to play a minor role. However, recent studies suggest that in approximately one third of patients with COPD, type 2 inflammation may be an important driver of disease and a potential therapeutic target. Importantly, the immune cells and molecules involved in COPD-related type 2 immunity may be significantly different from those observed in severe asthma. Here, we identify the important molecules and effector immune cells involved in type 2 airway inflammation in COPD, discuss the recent therapeutic trial results of biologicals that have targeted these pathways and explore the future of therapeutic development of type 2 immune modulators in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia Division of Respiratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Połomska J, Sikorska-Szaflik H, Drabik-Chamerska A, Sozańska B, Dębińska A. Exploring TSLP and IL-33 Serum Levels and Genetic Variants: Unveiling Their Limited Potential as Biomarkers for Mild Asthma in Children. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2542. [PMID: 38731070 PMCID: PMC11084404 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As the burden of mild asthma is not well understood, the significance of expanding research in the group of patients with mild asthma is emphasized. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) are involved in the pathogenesis of atopy and the immune response to inhaled environmental insults, such as allergens, in asthmatic patients. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between specific polymorphisms within the genes encoding TSLP and IL-33, as well as the concentrations of TSLP and IL-33 in the serum, and the occurrence of pediatric mild asthma. Methods: The analysis encompassed 52 pediatric patients diagnosed with mild bronchial asthma, including both atopic and non-atopic cases, and a control group of 26 non-asthmatic children. Recruitment was conducted through a comprehensive questionnaire. Parameters such as allergic sensitization, serum levels of circulating TSLP and IL-33, and the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TSLP (rs11466750 and rs2289277) and IL-33 (rs992969 and rs1888909) were assessed for all participants. Results: Significantly lower mean serum TSLP concentrations were observed in asthmatic subjects compared to the control group, with atopic asthma patients showing even lower TSLP levels than non-atopic counterparts. No significant differences were found in mean serum IL-33 concentrations between the two groups. Considering the allele model, for both tested SNPs of IL-33, we observed that patients with asthma, atopic asthma, and atopy statistically less frequently possess the risk allele. Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that IL-33 and TSLP do not serve as ideal biomarkers for mild asthma in children. Their effectiveness as biomarkers might be more relevant for assessing disease severity rather than identifying asthma in pediatric patients. Further research focusing on the association between TSLP and IL-33 gene polymorphisms and asthma is expected to significantly advance disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Połomska
- Department and Clinic of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 2a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; (H.S.-S.); (A.D.-C.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
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10
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Canè L, Poto R, Palestra F, Iacobucci I, Pirozzi M, Parashuraman S, Ferrara AL, Illiano A, La Rocca A, Mercadante E, Pucci P, Marone G, Spadaro G, Loffredo S, Monti M, Varricchi G. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Is Cleaved by Human Mast Cell Tryptase and Chymase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4049. [PMID: 38612858 PMCID: PMC11012384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), mainly expressed by epithelial cells, plays a central role in asthma. In humans, TSLP exists in two variants: the long form TSLP (lfTSLP) and a shorter TSLP isoform (sfTSLP). Macrophages (HLMs) and mast cells (HLMCs) are in close proximity in the human lung and play key roles in asthma. We evaluated the early proteolytic effects of tryptase and chymase released by HLMCs on TSLP by mass spectrometry. We also investigated whether TSLP and its fragments generated by these enzymes induce angiogenic factor release from HLMs. Mass spectrometry (MS) allowed the identification of TSLP cleavage sites caused by tryptase and chymase. Recombinant human TSLP treated with recombinant tryptase showed the production of 1-97 and 98-132 fragments. Recombinant chymase treatment of TSLP generated two peptides, 1-36 and 37-132. lfTSLP induced the release of VEGF-A, the most potent angiogenic factor, from HLMs. By contrast, the four TSLP fragments generated by tryptase and chymase failed to activate HLMs. Long-term TSLP incubation with furin generated two peptides devoid of activating property on HLMs. These results unveil an intricate interplay between mast cell-derived proteases and TSLP. These findings have potential relevance in understanding novel aspects of asthma pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Canè
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies F. Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (P.P.)
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Palestra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies F. Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (P.P.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Seetharaman Parashuraman
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Illiano
- Thoracic Surgery Unit—Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Antonello La Rocca
- Thoracic Surgery Unit—Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Edoardo Mercadante
- Thoracic Surgery Unit—Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Piero Pucci
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies F. Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (P.P.)
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies F. Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.I.); (P.P.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.P.); (A.L.F.); (G.M.); (G.S.); (S.L.)
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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Lyons-Cohen MR, Shamskhou EA, Gerner MY. Site-specific regulation of Th2 differentiation within lymph node microenvironments. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231282. [PMID: 38442268 PMCID: PMC10912907 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T helper 2 (Th2) responses protect against pathogens while also driving allergic inflammation, yet how large-scale Th2 responses are generated in tissue context remains unclear. Here, we used quantitative imaging to investigate early Th2 differentiation within lymph nodes (LNs) following cutaneous allergen administration. Contrary to current models, we observed extensive activation and "macro-clustering" of early Th2 cells with migratory type-2 dendritic cells (cDC2s), generating specialized Th2-promoting microenvironments. Macro-clustering was integrin-mediated and promoted localized cytokine exchange among T cells to reinforce differentiation, which contrasted the behavior during Th1 responses. Unexpectedly, formation of Th2 macro-clusters was dependent on the site of skin sensitization. Differences between sites were driven by divergent activation states of migratory cDC2 from different dermal tissues, with enhanced costimulatory molecule expression by cDC2 in Th2-generating LNs promoting prolonged T cell activation, macro-clustering, and cytokine sensing. Thus, the generation of dedicated Th2 priming microenvironments through enhanced costimulatory molecule signaling initiates Th2 responses in vivo and occurs in a skin site-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R. Lyons-Cohen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elya A. Shamskhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Y. Gerner
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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He PY, Wu MY, Zheng LY, Duan Y, Fan Q, Zhu XM, Yao YM. Interleukin-33/serum stimulation-2 pathway: Regulatory mechanisms and emerging implications in immune and inflammatory diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:112-126. [PMID: 38155038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)- 33, a nuclear factor and pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-1 family, is gaining attention owing to its important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review extends our knowledge of the effects exerted by IL-33 on target cells by binding to its specific receptor serum stimulation-2 (ST2). Depending on the tissue context, IL-33 performs multiple functions encompassing host defence, immune response, initiation and amplification of inflammation, tissue repair, and homeostasis. The levels and activity of IL-33 in the body are controlled by complex IL-33-targeting regulatory pathways. The unique temporal and spatial expression patterns of IL-33 are associated with host homeostasis and the development of immune and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, understanding the origin, function, and processes of IL-33 under various conditions is crucial. This review summarises the regulatory mechanisms underlying the IL-33/ST2 signalling axis and its potential role and clinical significance in immune and inflammatory diseases, and discusses the current complex and conflicting findings related to IL-33 in host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yi He
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng-Yao Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li-Yu Zheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Emergency Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhu
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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13
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Hellman S, Martin F, Tydén E, Sellin ME, Norman A, Hjertner B, Svedberg P, Fossum C. Equine enteroid-derived monolayers recapitulate key features of parasitic intestinal nematode infection. Vet Res 2024; 55:25. [PMID: 38414039 PMCID: PMC10900620 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived organoid cultures have emerged as attractive experimental models for infection biology research regarding various types of gastro-intestinal pathogens and host species. However, the large size of infectious nematode larvae and the closed structure of 3-dimensional organoids often hinder studies of the natural route of infection. To enable easy administration to the apical surface of the epithelium, organoids from the equine small intestine, i.e. enteroids, were used in the present study to establish epithelial monolayer cultures. These monolayers were functionally tested by stimulation with IL-4 and IL-13, and/or exposure to infectious stage larvae of the equine nematodes Parascaris univalens, cyathostominae and/or Strongylus vulgaris. Effects were recorded using transcriptional analysis combined with histochemistry, immunofluorescence-, live-cell- and scanning electron microscopy. These analyses revealed heterogeneous monolayers containing both immature and differentiated cells including tuft cells and mucus-producing goblet cells. Stimulation with IL-4/IL-13 increased tuft- and goblet cell differentiation as demonstrated by the expression of DCLK1 and MUC2. In these cytokine-primed monolayers, the expression of MUC2 was further promoted by co-culture with P. univalens. Moreover, live-cell imaging revealed morphological alterations of the epithelial cells following exposure to larvae even in the absence of cytokine stimulation. Thus, the present work describes the design, characterization and usability of an experimental model representing the equine nematode-infected small intestinal epithelium. The presence of tuft cells and goblet cells whose mucus production is affected by Th2 cytokines and/or the presence of larvae opens up for mechanistic studies of the physical interactions between nematodes and the equine intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Hellman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Frida Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Tydén
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albin Norman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bernt Hjertner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Vidilab AB, P.O. Box 33, 745 21, Enköping, Sweden
| | - Caroline Fossum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, P.O. Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Dobrican-Băruța CT, Deleanu DM, Muntean IA, Nedelea I, Bălan RG, Filip GA, Procopciuc LM. The Alarmin Triad-IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP-Serum Levels and Their Clinical Implications in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2026. [PMID: 38396704 PMCID: PMC10889490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the critical role of alarmins in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), focusing on their impact on disease severity and the quality of life (QoL) of patients. We investigated the alterations in alarmin levels in CSU patients and their correlations with the Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). We analyzed serum levels of interleukin-25 (IL-25), interleukin-33 (IL-33), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in 50 CSU patients, comparing these to 38 healthy controls. The study examined the relationship between alarmin levels and clinical outcomes, including disease severity and QoL. Elevated levels of IL-33 and TSLP in CSU patients (p < 0.0001) highlight their potential role in CSU pathogenesis. Although IL-25 showed higher levels in CSU patients, this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0823). Crucially, IL-33's correlation with both UAS7 and DLQI scores underscores its potential as a biomarker for CSU diagnosis and severity assessment. Of the alarmins analyzed, IL-33 emerges as particularly significant for further exploration as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CSU. Its substantial correlation with disease severity and impact on QoL makes it a compelling candidate for future research, potentially serving as a target for therapeutic interventions. Given these findings, IL-33 deserves additional investigation to confirm its role and effectiveness as a biomarker and therapeutic target in CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Teodora Dobrican-Băruța
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.-T.D.-B.)
- Allergology Department, “Octavian Fodor” Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Mihaela Deleanu
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.-T.D.-B.)
- Allergology Department, “Octavian Fodor” Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Adriana Muntean
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.-T.D.-B.)
- Allergology Department, “Octavian Fodor” Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Irena Nedelea
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.-T.D.-B.)
- Allergology Department, “Octavian Fodor” Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu-Gheorghe Bălan
- Department of Allergology and Immunology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (C.-T.D.-B.)
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Anatomy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucia Maria Procopciuc
- Department of Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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15
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Breloer M, Linnemann L. Strongyloides ratti infection in mice: immune response and immune modulation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220440. [PMID: 38008111 PMCID: PMC10676808 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides ratti is a natural parasite of wild rats and most laboratory mouse strains are also fully permissive. The infection can be divided into three distinct phases: the tissue migration of the infective third stage larvae during the first two days, the early intestinal establishment of S. ratti parasites molting to adults on days three to six and the later intestinal parasitic phase until the end of infection. Immunocompetent mice terminate the S. ratti infection after one month and are semi-resistant to a second infection. Employing the powerful tools of mouse immunology has facilitated a detailed analysis of the initiation, execution and regulation of the immune response to S. ratti. Here we review the information collected to date on the protective immune response to migrating S. ratti larvae in tissues and to adult parasites in the intestine. We show that depending on the phase of infection, a site-specific portfolio of immune effector mechanisms is required for infection control. In addition, we summarize the strategies employed by S. ratti to evade the immune system and survive long enough in its host to replicate despite an effective immune response. Selected murine studies using the closely related Strongyloides venezuelensis will be discussed. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Strongyloides: omics to worm-free populations'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minka Breloer
- Section of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg 20359, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20156, Germany
| | - Lara Linnemann
- Section of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg 20359, Germany
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16
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Yu J, Song P, Bai Y, Dang E, Luo Y, Chen J, Fu M, Zhang J, Qiao P, Guo W, Wang G, Shao S. CD36-SREBP1 Axis Mediates TSLP Production in Obesity-Exacerbated Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2153-2162.e12. [PMID: 37209865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) and may accelerate its development. Keratinocyte dysfunction has been observed in obesity-related skin diseases, including psoriasis and acanthosis nigricans, but is not fully understood in AD. In this study, we found that high-fat diet-induced obesity exacerbated AD-like dermatitis in mice, with elevated inflammatory molecules and increased CD36-SREBP1-related fatty acid accumulation in the lesional skin. Blocking CD36 or SREBP1 with chemical inhibitors effectively alleviated AD-like inflammation, decreased fatty acid accumulation, and downregulated TSLP expression in obese calcipotriol (MC903)-treated mice. Moreover, palmitic acid treatment induced TSLP overexpression in keratinocytes through the activation of the CD36-SREBP1 signaling pathway. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further revealed increased binding of SREBP1 to the TSLP promoter region. Our findings provide compelling evidence that obesity triggers the activation of the CD36-SREBP1-TSLP axis in keratinocytes, leading to epidermal lipid disorders and the aggravation of AD-like inflammation. By targeting CD36 or SREBP1, future combination therapies or modified treatment strategies could be developed to help manage patients with both obesity and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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17
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Wasilewski T, Wasilewska J, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Mroczko B. Subfertility as Overlapping of Nutritional, Endocrine, Immune, and Cardiometabolic Dysregulations-A Study Focused on Biochemical Endophenotypes of Subfertile Couples. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6094. [PMID: 37763034 PMCID: PMC10531916 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Subfertility is a global health issue, and as many as 30% of cases are attributed to unexplained reasons. A hypercaloric, high-fat diet stimulates the expansion of pro-inflammatory gut microbiota with a consequent rise in circulating lipopolysaccharides. Adverse gut microbiota remodeling can exacerbate insulin resistance, while sex and thyroid hormones may influence the variability in gut microbiota. This cross-sectional study included 150 participants and was designed to determine a biochemical, nutritional-related pattern that may distinguish subfertile from fertile individuals and couples. A panel of 28 biomarkers was assessed. Four biochemical phenotypes of unexplained subfertility were found, including two metabolic and two immune, when assessed using binary logistic regression models. Two phenotypes were distinguished in women: cardio-metabolic with atherogenic dyslipidemia (LowHDL-cholesterol: OR = 10.9; p < 0.05) and autoimmune thyroid disorder (Highanti-thyroid-peroxidase: OR = 5.5; p < 0.05) and two in men: hepato-metabolic with elevated liver injury enzymes (HighHOMA-IR: OR = 6.1; p < 0.05) and immune type-2 response (HighIgE: OR = 6.4; p < 0.05). The chances of a couple's subfertility rose with the number of laboratory components of metabolic syndrome in the couple (OR = 1.7; p < 0.05) and if at least one partner had an elevated total IgE level (>100 kU/L) (OR = 6.5; p < 0.05). This study found that unexplained subfertility may be accompanied by mutually overlapping immune and metabolic dysregulations in individuals and couples. We propose one-time laboratory diagnostics taking into account the lipid profile, insulin resistance, anti-thyroid-peroxidase, and total IgE in both males and females with unexplained subfertility. This may allow for a one-time assessment of targeted medical and nutritional interventions and help optimize patients' health. The gut-organ axes related to subfertility are discussed in the context of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Wasilewski
- Centre for Restorative Procreative Medicine, Napromedica, 15-741 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Wasilewska
- Centre for Paediatrics, Allergology, Psychodietetics, and Treatment of Children Diagnosed with Autism, IPM, 15-404 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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18
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Lyons-Cohen MR, Shamskhou EA, Gerner MY. Prolonged T cell - DC macro-clustering within lymph node microenvironments initiates Th2 cell differentiation in a site-specific manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.547554. [PMID: 37461439 PMCID: PMC10350056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.547554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Formation of T helper 2 (Th2) responses has been attributed to low-grade T cell stimulation, yet how large-scale polyclonal Th2 responses are generated in vivo remains unclear. Here, we used quantitative imaging to investigate early Th2 differentiation within lymph nodes (LNs) following cutaneous allergen administration. Contrary to current models, Th2 differentiation was associated with enhanced T cell activation and extensive integrin-dependent 'macro-clustering' at the T-B border, which also contrasted clustering behavior seen during Th1 differentiation. Unexpectedly, formation of Th2 macro-clusters within LNs was highly dependent on the site of skin sensitization. Differences between sites were driven by divergent activation states of migratory cDC2 from different dermal tissues, with enhanced costimulatory molecule expression by cDC2 in Th2-generating LNs promoting T cell macro-clustering and cytokine sensing. Thus, generation of dedicated priming micro-environments through enhanced costimulatory molecule signaling initiates the generation of Th2 responses in vivo and occurs in a skin site-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elya A. Shamskhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Y. Gerner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Schwab AD, Poole JA. Mechanistic and Therapeutic Approaches to Occupational Exposure-Associated Allergic and Non-Allergic Asthmatic Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:313-324. [PMID: 37154874 PMCID: PMC10896074 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Occupational lung disease, including asthma, is a significant cause of disability worldwide. The dose, exposure frequency, and nature of the causal agent influence the inflammatory pathomechanisms that inform asthma disease phenotype and progression. While surveillance, systems engineering, and exposure mitigation strategies are essential preventative considerations, no targeted medical therapies are currently available to ameliorate lung injury post-exposure and prevent chronic airway disease development. RECENT FINDINGS This article reviews contemporary understanding of allergic and non-allergic occupational asthma mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the available therapeutic options, patient-specific susceptibility and prevention measures, and recent scientific advances in post-exposure treatment conception. The course of occupational lung disease that follows exposure is informed by individual predisposition, immunobiologic response, agent identity, overall environmental risk, and preventative workplace practices. When protective strategies fail, knowledge of underlying disease mechanisms is necessary to inform targeted therapy development to lessen occupational asthma disease severity and occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Schwab
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Jill A Poole
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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20
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity mediates protective responses to helminths and pathological responses to allergens, but it also has broad roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity, including wound repair. Type 2 cytokines are known to promote fibrosis, an overzealous repair response, but their contribution to healthy wound repair is less well understood. This review discusses the evidence that the canonical type 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are integral to the tissue repair process through two main pathways. First, essential for the progression of effective tissue repair, IL-4 and IL-13 suppress the initial inflammatory response to injury. Second, these cytokines regulate how the extracellular matrix is modified, broken down, and rebuilt for effective repair. IL-4 and/or IL-13 amplifies multiple aspects of the tissue repair response, but many of these pathways are highly redundant and can be induced by other signals. Therefore, the exact contribution of IL-4Rα signaling remains difficult to unravel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation and Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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21
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Kopp EB, Agaronyan K, Licona-Limón I, Nish SA, Medzhitov R. Modes of type 2 immune response initiation. Immunity 2023; 56:687-694. [PMID: 37044059 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity defends against macro-parasites and can cause allergic diseases. Our understanding of the mechanisms governing the initiation of type 2 immunity is limited, whereas we know more about type 1 immune responses. Type 2 immunity can be triggered by a wide array of inducers that do not share common features and via diverse pathways and mechanisms. To address the complexity of the type 2 initiation pathways, we suggest a framework that conceptualizes different modes of induction of type 2 immunity. We discuss categories of type 2 inducers and their immunogenicity, types of tissue perturbations that are caused by these inducers, sensing strategies for the initiation of Th2 immune responses, and categorization of the signals that are produced in response to type 2 challenges. We describe tissue-specific examples of functional disruption that could lead to type 2 inflammation and propose that different sensing strategies that operate at the tissue level converge on the initiation of type 2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Kopp
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Karen Agaronyan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ileana Licona-Limón
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Simone A Nish
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Tananbaum Center for Theoretical and Analytical Human Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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22
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Topczewska PM, Rompe ZA, Jakob MO, Stamm A, Leclère PS, Preußer A, Duerr CU, Thole LML, Kotsch K, Artis D, Klose CSN. ILC2 require cell-intrinsic ST2 signals to promote type 2 immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130933. [PMID: 37063913 PMCID: PMC10104602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation of type 2 immune responses at mucosal barriers is regulated by rapidly secreted cytokines called alarmins. The alarmins IL-33, IL-25 and TSLP are mainly secreted by stromal and epithelial cells in tissues and were linked to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as allergic lung inflammation, or to resistance against worm infections. Receptors for alarmins are expressed by a variety of immune cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), an early source of the type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13, which have been linked to atopic diseases and anti-worm immunity as well. However, the precise contribution of the IL-33 receptor signals for ILC2 activation still needs to be completed due to limitations in targeting genes in ILC2. Using the newly established Nmur1 iCre-eGFP mouse model, we obtained specific conditional genetic ablation of the IL-33 receptor subunit ST2 in ILC2s. ST2-deficient ILC2s were unresponsive to IL-33 but not to stimulation with the alarmin IL-25. As a result of defective ST2 signals, ILC2s produced limited amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 and failed to support eosinophil homeostasis. Further, ST2-deficient ILC2s were unable to expand and promote the recruitment of eosinophils during allergic lung inflammation provoked by papain administration. During infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, ILC2-intrinsic ST2 signals were required to mount an effective type 2 immune response against the parasite leading to higher susceptibility against worm infection in conditional knockout mice. Therefore, this study argues for a non-redundant role of cell-intrinsic ST2 signals triggering proper activation of ILC2 for initiation of type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja M. Topczewska
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoe A. Rompe
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel O. Jakob
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Stamm
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre S. Leclère
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Preußer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia U. Duerr
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Marie Laura Thole
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christoph S. N. Klose
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Petrellis G, Piedfort O, Katsandegwaza B, Dewals BG. Parasitic worms affect virus coinfection: a mechanistic overview. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:358-372. [PMID: 36935340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are parasitic worms that coevolve with their host, usually resulting in long-term persistence through modulating host immunity. The multifarious mechanisms altering the immune system induced by helminths have significant implications on the control of coinfecting pathogens such as viruses. Here, we explore the recent literature to highlight the main immune alterations and mechanisms that affect the control of viral coinfection. Insights from these mechanisms are valuable in the understanding of clinical observations in helminth-prevalent areas and in the design of new therapeutic and vaccination strategies to control viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Petrellis
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ophélie Piedfort
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brunette Katsandegwaza
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Laboratory of Parasitology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, FARAH, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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24
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Chiang S, Lee SE. New Concepts in Barrier Dysfunction in CRSwNP and Emerging Roles of Tezepelumab and Dupilumab. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023; 37:193-197. [PMID: 36848281 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231154061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial barrier disturbances in CRSwNP patients play an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to chronic inflammation, olfactory dysfunction, and impairments in quality of life. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of the sinonasal epithelium in disease and health, review the pathophysiology of epithelial barrier dysfunction in CRSwNP, and the immunologic targets for treatment. METHODS Literature review. RESULTS Blockade of cytokines such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-4, and IL-13 have shown promise in barrier restoration and IL-13, specifically may be central to olfactory dysfunction. CONCLUSION The sinonasal epithelium plays a crucial role in the health and function of the mucosa and immune response. Increased understanding of the local immunologic dysfunction has led to several therapeutics that can potentially restore epithelial barrier function and olfaction. Real world and comparative effectiveness studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chiang
- Department of Surgery, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stella E Lee
- Department of Surgery, 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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25
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Deng Y, Shi S, Luo J, Zhang Y, Dong H, Wang X, Zhou J, Wei Z, Li J, Xu C, Xu S, Sun Y, Ni B, Wu Y, Yang D, Han C, Tian Y. Regulation of mRNA stability contributes to the function of innate lymphoid cells in various diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118483. [PMID: 36776864 PMCID: PMC9909350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important subsets of innate immune cells that regulate mucosal immunity. ILCs include natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells-1 (ILC1s), ILC2s, and ILC3s, which have extremely important roles in the immune system. In this review, we summarize the regulation of mRNA stability mediated through various factors in ILCs (e.g., cytokines, RNA-binding proteins, non-coding RNAs) and their roles in mediating functions in different ILC subsets. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic targets for diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis by regulation of mRNA stability in ILCs, which may provide novel directions for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Saiyu Shi
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yi Tian, ; Di Yang, ; Chao Han,
| | - Chao Han
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yi Tian, ; Di Yang, ; Chao Han,
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yi Tian, ; Di Yang, ; Chao Han,
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