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Düken ME, Kaplan V, Almazan J. The association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health of adolescents who exposed to the worst disaster of the century: Extensive data from southeast Turkey. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12449. [PMID: 38403993 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEMS This study was conducted to examine the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and mental health status of adolescents exposed to the worst disaster of the century. METHODS This study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational. This research was conducted between March 31 and July 1, 2023. The study was conducted with earthquake survivors who migrated from Kahramanmaraş, the epicenter of the earthquake, and Adıyaman and Hatay, the other two cities where it was most effective, to Şanlıurfa. The study was conducted with a total of 947 adolescents. "Personal Information Form," "Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index," and "Symptom Distress Check List- (SCL-90)" were used to collect data. Linear regression method was used in the analysis of the research. Path analysis was performed using PATH analysis. FINDINGS The mean age of the adolescents participating in the study was 16.69 ± 1.41 years. It was found that the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the adolescents was at the pathological level with a mean of 2.36 ± 0.68. Posttraumatic stress reactions of the adolescents who experienced the earthquake was found to explain 97.2% of their mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, anger-hostility, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychotic symptoms, other problems, and GSI) (p < 0.001). It was found that the age of the adolescents, total number of losses in the earthquake, the time they stayed under the rubble, the time they waited for siblings to be pulled from under the rubble and the state of having loss due to the earthquake explained 74.4% of the posttraumatic stress reactions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, it was found that the adolescents who experienced the earthquake experienced severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. It was also found that adolescents who experienced high levels of trauma symptoms showed pathological mental symptoms. After the earthquake, adolescents should be evaluated periodically in terms of posttraumatic stress symptoms. In the evaluations to be made, it is important to determine how adolescents are affected especially mentally. In this context, interventions should be implemented for the identified mental symptoms (anxiety, depression, somatization, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Düken
- Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Health Sciences of Faculty, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Veysel Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Health Sciences of Faculty, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Joseph Almazan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Peng Y, Lu B, Wen J. Assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in elderly survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake: A cross-sectional study. J Evid Based Med 2023; 16:455-464. [PMID: 37795585 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition characterized by prolonged psychological distress following traumatic events encompassing serious health threats, domestic abuse, and natural disasters. The onset and persistence of PTSD can be attributed to advanced age. This study aimed to explore the occurrence and influencing factors of enduring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors aged 60 years and over in the main area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 10 years after the disaster. METHODS Data were collected using a multistage sampling method from individuals aged 60 years and older living in the main impacted areas of Wenchuan 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to evaluate PTSD symptoms. We evaluated participants based on their PTSD symptoms: those exhibiting and those without. The latter group was four times the size of the former and was matched based on gender and age (within ± 2 years). Conditional logistic regression was used to discern the risk factors. RESULTS Out of the total, 56 participants were recognized as having probable PTSD as per the PCL-C checklist, leading to a rate of 9.4% (56/588). The univariate conditional logistic regression values showed that playing Mahjong/poker (odds ratio (OR) = 0.394, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.171-0.911) and displacement (OR = 0.446, 95% CI = 0.220-0.907) were protective factors for the long-term mental health of survivors in the hard-hit areas, while the presence of a 2-week illness (OR = 3.605, 95% CI = 1.751-7.424), possessing insurance (OR = 0.250, 95% CI = 0.072-0.864), suffering from a chronic ailment (OR = 3.132, 95% CI = 1.2-8.174), and having an injured family member (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.136-4.496) emerged as risk factors for PTSD symptoms. Multivariate analysis indicated that the absence of insurance and prevalence of 2-week illness correlated with increased PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the prevalence of probable PTSD remained significantly high in the elderly population. The major risk factors were the absence of insurance and the occurrence of a 2-week illness. Policymakers should incorporate these findings when devising strategies for aging societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Office of the President, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Han C. Seismic activity and development of mood disorders: Findings from the 2016 Kyungju earthquake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161328. [PMID: 36603645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An earthquake with a moment magnitude of 5.8 occurred in Kyungju on 12 September 2016. Although the earthquake was the largest seismic activity in Korean history, there were no direct casualties from the event. This study evaluated whether a moderate-level earthquake is related to acute development of mood disorders in earthquake-exposed residents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The healthcare information of residents (n = 865,263) living in Kyungju and control cities (Gimpo, Jeonju, Gimhae, and Pohang) over a 10-year period (from 2010 to 2019) was gathered from the national health insurance database. Difference-in-difference analysis was used to compare the daily incidence of mood disorders (manic episode; bipolar affective disorder; depressive episode; recurrent depressive disorder) 20 weeks before (reference: -20 to -11 weeks, period 1: -10 to -1 weeks) and after (period 2: 0-9 weeks, period 3: 10-19 weeks) the earthquake. Subregional analyses based on the distance to the epicenter and stratification analyses by sex, age, and income were conducted. RESULTS The weekly average incidence rate (/100,000 persons) of mood disorders in Kyungju residents increased from 27.0 (-20 to -11 weeks) and 28.3 (-10 to -1 weeks) persons before the earthquake, to 38.1 persons (0 to 9 weeks) after the earthquake. A significant increase in the risk of developing mood disorders was observed in Kyungju residents during the 0 to 9 weeks after the earthquake when compared to the control cities [relative risk (95 % confidence intervals): vs. Gimpo, 1.40 (1.05, 1.88); vs. Jeonju, 1.45 (1.14, 1.84); vs. Gimhae, 1.48 (1.14, 1.93)]. The increase was more prominent in women, low-income individuals, and those living closer to the epicenter. CONCLUSION Moderate-level earthquakes without direct casualties may cause mood disorders in residents living in affected areas. Mental health aid programs should be provided to earthquake victims even if the earthquake has caused limited life and property loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
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Khan YS, Khan AW, Alabdulla M. The psychological impact of the Turkey-Syria earthquake on children: addressing the need for ongoing mental health support and global humanitarian response. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2249788. [PMID: 37682068 PMCID: PMC10494726 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2249788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This letter aims to explore the potential impact of the Turkey-Syria earthquake on the psychological well-being of the affected children and adolescents. It emphasises the crucial importance of prompt identification and management of emerging mental health disorders in this vulnerable population. The letter draws on existing research evidence to highlight the need for suitable mental health interventions to mitigate the anticipated suffering of many children and adolescents affected by the earthquake. A comprehensive overview of the mediating factors which may play a role in the extent of the impact of an earthquake on the mental health of children is discussed. A range of appropriate strategies and interventions are recommended and the call for continued global support is renewed. We have concluded that major earthquakes can potentially contribute to the development of mental health disorders among children and adolescents. However, by providing timely and effective support, it is possible to prevent long-term psychological consequences and facilitate early recovery. We propose the urgent implementation of effective mental health interventions in the aftermath of the Turkey-Syria earthquake to foster the recovery and resilience of the affected young population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Majid Alabdulla
- Mental Health Service Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Abtahi Z, Zahedi L, Eizadyar Z, Fava NM. #BlueGirl: A study of collective trauma on Twitter. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:1631-1641. [PMID: 35916169 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Collective trauma is the outcome of traumatic incidents that necessitate collective self-reflection and create a need for public discourse. Access to social media allows individuals to shape event coverage beyond what is put forth by mainstream media through hashtag-based communities. The death of Sahar Khodayari, or "Blue Girl," an Iranian woman who committed suicide after being sentenced to prison for appearing in a sports stadium dressed as a man, is one such event that became a collective trauma. The current study sought to examine the collective trauma reaction among Farsi-speaking Twitter users in response to Khodayari's death as represented in public tweets. The overall pool of data consisted of 8,653 tweets containing at least one of four hashtags (i.e., #BlueGirl, #Blue_Girl,, # #), posted September 9-24, 2019, as well as 603 tweets posted on the anniversary of the event 1 year later. Using thematic analysis, we identified three main themes within these public tweets representing different responses to Khodayari's death: social justice, awareness, and process. In undemocratic countries, like Iran, where there are limited free physical spaces for public gatherings, social media provides a platform for people to come together after tragic events to express emotions and discuss thoughts and actions. The present findings demonstrate that Twitter allowed Farsi-speaking users to demand social justice, share awareness about #BlueGirl, and process their emotions and thoughts accordingly. Therefore, social media may provide a window into the collective trauma experience, and it may also serve as a new mode of studying trauma on new platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abtahi
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Leila Zahedi
- School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Nicole M Fava
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Han C. Induced Seismicity and Acute Development of Anxiety and Stress-Related Mental Disorders: Findings from the 2017 Pohang Earthquake. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:67701. [PMID: 35737513 PMCID: PMC9222753 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- KDI School of Public Policy and Management, Sejong, Korea
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Li R, Kajanoja J, Lindblom J, Korja R, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Nolvi S, Karukivi M. The role of alexithymia and perceived stress in mental health responses to COVID-19: A conditional process model. J Affect Disord 2022; 306:9-18. [PMID: 35304231 PMCID: PMC8923745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the psychological mechanisms underlying the mental health problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hypothetically, perceived stress and alexithymia may be factors involved in the mental distress response to the pandemic; however, this remains largely unstudied. This study aims to explore the moderating role of alexithymia and the moderated mediation effects of perceived stress on the mental health change due to the pandemic. METHODS The conditional process model was used to examine the moderated mediation. The sample consists of 659 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study who completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) at 6 months after delivery, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) at 2 or 4 years postpartum between 2014 and 2019; and a questionnaire for pandemic events, a brief 4-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) and the follow-up EPDS/SCL-90 in 2020 after 3 months from the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Finland. RESULTS Alexithymia moderated the perceived stress-mediated relations between the pandemic events and the changes of depressive and anxiety symptoms through enhancing the detrimental effect of perceived stress on mental health. LIMITATIONS This study was mainly limited by the causality and generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the moderated mediation effects of alexithymia and perceived stress on the psychological symptoms, which has implications for understanding how and when stressful situations translate to mental health problems, identifying vulnerable individuals, and tailoring preventive and psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jani Kajanoja
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Pori, Finland
| | - Jallu Lindblom
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Abu-El-Noor MK, Abu-El-Noor NI, Alswerki M, Naim FN, Elessi KA, Al-Asmar YZ, Afifi T. Post-traumatic stress disorder among victims of great march of return in the Gaza Strip, Palestine: A need for policy intervention. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 36:48-54. [PMID: 35094825 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the level of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) and to examine the relationship between exposure to war stress and posttraumatic symptoms among people who were injured during the Great March of Return (GMR) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. A sample of 264 adults who were injured during participation in the events of GMR completed the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). IES-R has three sub-scales; intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal. Only 27.3% of the participants had two or more injuries and 38.4% of participants reported having disability due to their injuries. The results showed that 95.4% of the participants had severe posttraumatic symptoms. Total score of IES-R ranged between 29 and 88 (mean = 61.28). The most frequent symptoms of trauma subscales was "Intrusion" (mean = 2.90), followed by "Avoidance" (mean = 2.73), and then "Hyper-arousal" (mean = 2.70). Level of PTSD was affected by working status, need for hospitalization, need for a referral for treatment outside the Gaza Strip, disability and severity of injury. Such high level of PSTD will have negative consequences on participants' physical and mental status. Therefore, a need for special counseling programs is required to help them to survive with least consequences of PTSD on their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fadel N Naim
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
| | - Khamis A Elessi
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
| | | | - Tayseer Afifi
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
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Parental Internalizing Psychopathology and PTSD in Offspring after the 2012 Earthquake in Italy. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100930. [PMID: 34682196 PMCID: PMC8535087 DOI: 10.3390/children8100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in youths after earthquakes, with parental psychopathology among the most significant predictors. This study investigated the contribution and the interactional effects of parental internalizing psychopathology, the severity of exposure to the earthquake, and past traumatic events to predict PTSD in offspring, also testing the reverse pattern. Two years after the 2012 earthquake in Italy, 843 children and adolescents (9-15 years) living in two differently affected areas were administered a questionnaire on traumatic exposure and the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index. Anxiety, depression, and somatization were assessed in 1162 parents through the SCL-90-R. General linear model showed that, for offspring in the high-impact area, predictors of PTSD were earthquake exposure, past trauma, and parental internalizing symptoms, taken individually. An interaction between earthquake exposure and parental depression or anxiety (not somatization) was also found. In the low-impact area, youth PTSD was only predicted by earthquake exposure. The reverse pattern was significant, with parental psychopathology explained by offspring PTSD. Overall, findings support the association between parental and offspring psychopathology after natural disasters, emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in this relationship. Although further research is needed, these results should be carefully considered when developing mental health interventions.
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AKÇA TAŞÇI G, ÖZSOY F. Deprem travmasının erken dönem psikolojik etkileri ve olası risk faktörleri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.841197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Hyseni Duraku Z, Uka F, Cërmjani D, Ramadani F, Bajgora S. An early assessment of presence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated risk factors in a cohort of survivors of the 2019 Albania earthquake. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Challenges and Problems Facing 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake Survivors: A Qualitative Study. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:340-348. [PMID: 32488660 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that earthquake poses many challenges to human life. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to explore challenges and problems facing the 2017 Kermanshah earthquake survivors. The present qualitative study was conducted using conventional qualitative content analysis in Kermanshah Province, Iran, in 2018. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 28 earthquake-stricken individuals, aged over 18 years, selected through purposive sampling method. The Graneheim and Lundman method was also used to analyze the data, and then Lincoln and Guba criteria were employed to provide robustness and transferability of the research. The results of data analysis were classified into 4 main categories and 11 sub-categories. Accordingly, the main categories were: (1) health problems and issues, (2) economic problems and issues, (3) improper management of human and non-human resources, and (4) incomplete social services. According to the results, earthquake victims face many challenges. Therefore, fundamental steps can be taken to reduce survivors' problems by considering all aspects of their health, improving equal distribution of social assistance and services provided, and using local social capital in a better way.
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Gómez G, Basagoitia A, Burrone MS, Rivas M, Solís-Soto MT, Dy Juanco S, Alley H. Child-Focused Mental Health Interventions for Disasters Recovery: A Rapid Review of Experiences to Inform Return-to-School Strategies After COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:713407. [PMID: 34675824 PMCID: PMC8524184 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.713407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a worldwide need for mental health interventions to address the mental health needs of children under 12 who are returning to school in the post-COVID-19 environment. The basic characteristics of child-focused, post-crisis interventions are currently unknown, but they are essential for developing high-quality, expedient RTC programs. We conducted a rapid systematic review, via established PICO methodology, to appraise the characteristics of such interventions. We queried databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, ERIC) for English and Spanish publications describing mental health interventions to reduce mental health symptoms and sequelae among children exposed to disasters and other community crises. We described the following characteristics: type of intervention, length, number of sessions, number of staff delivering the intervention, and other characteristics. A total of 18 original articles met the inclusion criteria: 11 correspond to a controlled trial type of study and 15 addressed PTSD after disaster or crisis situations. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was the most common intervention type, school-based/related interventions were the most common method, and five articles described an important role of teachers as mediators of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gómez
- Institute of Educational Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | | | | | - Marlene Rivas
- Institute of Educational Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | | | - Sean Dy Juanco
- School of Public Health, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Hugh Alley
- School of Public Health, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, United States
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Cénat JM, Smith K, Morse C, Derivois D. Sexual victimization, PTSD, depression, and social support among women survivors of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: a moderated moderation model. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2587-2598. [PMID: 31583984 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010, an important earthquake devastated Haiti and caused thousands of deaths. In a social context where women are particularly vulnerable, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between sexual assaults experienced by women before the earthquake, the earthquake exposure, the traumatic consequences, and their satisfaction of social support received. METHODS A total of 660 women aged 18 to 86 completed questionnaires assessing exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault victimization, peritraumatic distress, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and social support. A moderated moderation model was computed to examine associations between exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault, social support, and traumatic consequences. RESULTS Results showed that 31.06% of women were victims of sexual assault before the earthquake. They presented higher prevalence of peritraumatic distress, PTSD, and depression symptoms, compared to non-victims. The moderated-moderation model showed that sexual assault and exposure to the earthquake were positively associated with traumatic consequences (respectively, B = 0.560, p < 0.001; B = 0.196, p < 0.001), while social support was negatively associated with them (B = -0.095, p < 0.05). Results showed a triple interaction: women victim of sexual assault who were satisfied with received social support are less likely to develop traumatic consequences after being exposed to the earthquake(B = -0.141, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS By demonstrating the role of sexual assault in the development of mental health problems after the Haitian earthquake, this study shows the importance for clinicians to investigate interpersonal trauma experienced before or following natural disasters among survivors. Results also indicate the key role of family and communities to help survivors build resilience and coping strategies with their social support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Smith
- Department of psychology, UQAM, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Derivois
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Psy-DREPI (EA 7458), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Cénat JM, McIntee SE, Blais-Rochette C. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and other mental health problems following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:55-85. [PMID: 32421623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2010 earthquake in Haiti caused significant human and material damages, thousands of deaths and injuries, and 1.5 million homeless. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize research on the prevalence and factors associated with PTSD, depression, anxiety symptoms, and other mental health problems among survivors. METHODS We searched six databases and retained 50 articles for the systematic review, 28 of which were included in three random effects meta-analyses on the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms in survivors. RESULTS Following the earthquake, more than one out of four individuals (28.44%,CI 95%,17.68%-42.37%; k = 24) reported severe symptoms of PTSD, one out of three reported severe symptoms of depression (32.16%,CI 95%,23.60%-42.11%; K=14), and one out of five reported severe symptoms of anxiety (20.49%,CI 95%,15.74%-26.24%;k=5). Studies revealed important rates of other mental health problems (including psychological distress and disturbance, suicidal ideations, and increased alcohol consumption) in survivors. Females were 41.38% more likely than males to experience severe symptoms of PTSD (OR = 1.41,CI 95%,1.22-1.64). Time was a moderator for depression and anxiety but not for PTSD, while the average age of participants only moderated depression. LIMITATIONS The studies included are observational and most used self-reported measures. CONCLUSIONS In a global context where natural disasters tripled since 1980, this first systematic review showed that human and material damages associated with the earthquake were sufficiently traumatic to induce severe symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems. Clinical and research implications are discussed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018115430.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Tang W, Hu T, Yang L, Xu J. The role of alexithymia in the mental health problems of home-quarantined university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 165:110131. [PMID: 32518435 PMCID: PMC7273169 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective While it is well known that mental health problems are common consequences of deadly pandemics, the association with alexithymia is less clear. This study examined this association in an evaluation of home-quarantined university students during the 2019/2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods In total, 2501 home-quarantined students from six southwest Chinese universities completed the following questionnaires: the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL—C), and the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), after which structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analyses were employed to extract and evaluate the possible associations. Results It was found that participants with probable depression or PTSD also reported more severe alexithymia features, such as difficulties in identifying feelings (DIF) or describing feelings (DDF). Alexithymia was also found to partially mediate the effect of number of exposures on mental health problems. Conclusion These results suggested that implementing strategies to assist young people identify and deal with their own emotions and those of others could prevent or mitigate the mental health problems associated with deadly pandemic events. However, future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the specific involvement of DIF or DDF in people with mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road Wuhou District, 610065 Chengdu, China.,Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Psychology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road Wuhou District, 610065 Chengdu, China
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Tang W, Xu D, Xu J. The mediating role of alexithymia between earthquake exposure and psychopathology among adolescents 8.5 years after the wenchuan earthquake. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Blanc J, Rahill G, Spruill T, Jean-Louis G, Mouchenik Y. Association between prenatal exposure to the Haiti 2010 earthquake, consequent maternal PTSD and autistic symptoms in offspring. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Legha RK, Gerbasi ME, Smith Fawzi MC, Eustache E, Therosme T, Fils-Aime JR, Raviola GJ, Affricot E, Pierre EL, Alcindor Y, Severe J, Boyd KA, Grelotti DJ, Darghouth S, Rasmussen A, Becker AE. A validation study of the Zanmi Lasante Depression Symptom Inventory (ZLDSI) in a school-based study population of transitional age youth in Haiti. Confl Health 2020; 14:13. [PMID: 32140176 PMCID: PMC7048134 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-020-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Zanmi Lasante Depression Symptom Inventory (ZLDSI) is a screening tool for major depression used in 12 primary care clinics in Haiti's Central Plateau. Although previously validated in a clinic-based sample, the present study is the first to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of the ZLDSI for depression screening in a school-based population in central Haiti. Methods We assessed depressive symptoms in a school-based sample of transitional age youth (18-22 years; n = 120) with the ZLDSI. Other mental health-related assessments included a modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID) for current Major Depressive Episode, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and selected items adapted from the Global School-Based Health Survey mental health module. Diagnostic assignments of major depressive episode (MDE) were based on modified SCID interviews. Results The ZLDSI demonstrated good overall accuracy in identifying current MDE (Area under the Curve = .92, 95% CI = .86, .98, p < .001). We ascertained ≥12 as the optimal cut-off point to screen for depression with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73.9%. In addition, the ZLDSI was associated with other measures of depressive symptoms, suggesting that it demonstrates construct validity. Conclusions Study findings support that the ZLDSI has clinical utility for screening for depression among school-going transitional age youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder K Legha
- 1Center for Health Services and Society, University of California, 10920 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA
| | - Margaret E Gerbasi
- 2Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Mary C Smith Fawzi
- 2Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Eddy Eustache
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Tatiana Therosme
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - J Reginald Fils-Aime
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Giuseppe J Raviola
- 2Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,4Partners In Health, 800 Boylston Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02199 USA
| | - Emmeline Affricot
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Ermaze Louis Pierre
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Yoldie Alcindor
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Services Program, Zanmi Lasante, Santo 18A, Crois-des-Bouquets, Haiti
| | - Jennifer Severe
- 5Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, University School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Katherine A Boyd
- 6Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place B119, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - David J Grelotti
- 7Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Sarah Darghouth
- 8Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Andrew Rasmussen
- 9Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Dealy Hall 334, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
| | - Anne E Becker
- 2Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA.,8Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents 2 years after the 2012 earthquake in Italy: an epidemiological cross-sectional study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:227-238. [PMID: 31302773 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the occurrence of several earthquakes, only a few studies were conducted in Italy on the psychological impact in children and adolescents, with data mostly collected within one year after the disaster. This cross-sectional study aimed at exploring the prevalence of both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotional/behavioral difficulties, as well as at identifying their main predictors, among youths 2 years after the earthquake that hit Northern Italy in 2012. 682 children and adolescents (9-14 years) living in two districts (earthquake zone vs control zone) were administered an exposure questionnaire, the UCLA PTSD-Index for DSM-IV, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and 1162 parents were assessed through the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The prevalence of a likely PTSD in the earthquake zone was 1.9% (4.4% near the epicenter) and the total PTSD score in the affected area was significantly higher than in the control zone. 14.9% of youths living in the earthquake zone had a borderline/abnormal SDQ total difficulties score and 87.5% of youth with a likely PTSD also had a SDQ total score in the borderline/abnormal range. Regression analysis showed that the number of lifetime traumatic events (e.g., death of a relative) was the best predictor of children/adolescents psychological difficulties 2 years after the earthquake, followed by severity of exposure (personal injuries and losses) and parental psychopathology. Despite some limitations, this study highlights that youths may exhibit PTSD symptoms years after disasters, often in comorbidity with behavioral/emotional difficulties, stressing the need for long-term surveillance and interventions in exposed populations.
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Récits post-traumatiques dans le contexte post-séisme 2010 en Haïti. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Derivois D, Cénat JM, Karray A, Charpillat-Richard E. Determinants of Resilience in Haitian Street Children Four Years After the January 2010 Earthquake. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2019.1648017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Derivois
- Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Laboratory Psy-Drepi EA7458, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amira Karray
- Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Laboratory of Clinical Psychology, Psychopathology and Psychoanalysis LPCPP EA3278, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Charpillat-Richard
- Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Laboratory Psy-Drepi EA7458, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews recent research on the depression in young people following exposure to catastrophic stresses such as disasters, terrorism and political violence. RECENT FINDINGS Depression is one of the commonest outcomes following mass trauma, for all ages including children and adolescents. Recent articles continue to report high prevalence of depression which often continues for years. It is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, especially PTSD. Post-traumatic depression in children and adolescence affects purpose of life, impairs scholastic achievements, increases suicidality and has extensive comorbidity. Besides the trauma, individual constructs, personality factors, social support, exposure to other traumatic events are some of the predicting factors. Biological and genetic basis of post-traumatic depression has been reported. Studies suggest some benefit to psychotherapeutic interventions such as trauma-focussed cognitive behavioural therapy and web-based therapy. A considerable proportion of youths develop depression following mass traumatic events. More research is required regarding the effectiveness of interventions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilamadhab Kar
- Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Steps to Health, Showell Circus, Low Hill, Wolverhampton, WV10 9TH, UK.
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Marthoenis M, Ilyas A, Sofyan H, Schouler-Ocak M. Prevalence, comorbidity and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in adolescents following an earthquake. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 43:154-159. [PMID: 31163313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to assess prevalence rate, comorbidity and predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety among adolescents affected by the 2016 Aceh Earthquake. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted six months after the earthquake. The multi-stage random sampling method was applied to a selection of respondents from district schools. A total of 321 students participated in the study. In addition to generating demographic data, a brief PTSD inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire and the Disaster Impact Questionnaire (DIQ) were administered. RESULTS Approximately 58.3%, 16.8% and 32.1% of adolescents reported the clinical symptoms of PTSD, depression and anxiety, respectively. The associations and comorbidity between PTSD, depression, and anxiety were statistically significant (p = 0.001). Gender, depression, having directly seen someone injured or trapped, the injury or hospitalization of a member of the nuclear family and being afraid to stay inside a building since the earthquake were demonstrated to be the significant predictors for PTSD. The injury and hospitalization of a member of the nuclear family and feeling stressed after the earthquake were significant predictors for depression. Having been injured, having one's house destroyed; being afraid to stay inside a building and gender were significant predictors for generalized anxiety disorder. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PTSD in the current study population is relatively high and the fact that a significant number of adolescents were afraid to stay inside a building following the earthquake calls for further investigation and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthoenis Marthoenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Adnani Ilyas
- Master Program of Disaster Management, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hizir Sofyan
- Department of Statistics, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- University Psychiatric Clinic of Charité at St. Hedwig's Hospital Berlin, Germany
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Yrondi A, DerKasbarian R, Gallini A, Max V, Pauron C, Joubin A, Laguerre J, Virenque C, Birmes P. Symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress in a group of lightning strike victims. J Psychosom Res 2019; 120:90-95. [PMID: 30929714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lightning strike victims often suffer repercussions. Although a lightning strike constitutes a severe traumatic event, there is a lack of data about potential psychological sequelae. This is precisely the context in which we assessed the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in a group of lightning strike victims. METHODS The symptoms of peritraumatic dissociation were evaluated on the basis of the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ) whilst the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) was used to assess symptoms of distress. PTSD and MDE diagnoses were evaluated using the MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Symptom intensity was assessed using the self-report PTSD Checklist-Specific (PCLS) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II), respectively. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. As regards symptoms of depression, 28 patients (57.1%) reported a major depressive episode (MINI) including 10 (20.4%) of moderate intensity and 5 (10.2%) of severe intensity (BDI). In terms of PTSD symptoms, 13 patients (26.5%) reported probable PTSD (MINI) with a PCL-S score ≥ 45. A significant correlation was established between PDEQ and BDI II (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.36, p = .012). A significant correlation was also found between PDI and PCLS (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.43, p = .002). A further significant correlation was noted between PDEQ and PCLS (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.31, p = .028). DISCUSSION This study highlights the need for a multidisciplinary evaluation of lightning strike victims. Indeed, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as PTSD and MDE appears to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Yrondi
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale de l'adulte, (Department of Adult Psychiatry and Medical Psychology), Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental (Expert Anti-Depression Centre), CHRU de Toulouse (Regional University Hospital Centre), Hôpital Purpan, ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Centre, Université de Toulouse (Toulouse University), Inserm, UPS, France.
| | - Raphael DerKasbarian
- Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale de l'adulte (Department of Adult Psychiatry and Medical Psychology), CHU Toulouse-Purpan (University Hospital Centre), Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Gallini
- UMR1027, INSERM University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse (University Hospital Centre), Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Max
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse (University Hospital Centre), Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Pauron
- Service médecine d'urgence (Emergency Medicine Department), CHU-Toulouse (University Hospital Centre), Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Joubin
- Centre Hospitalier de Mamoudzou (Hospital Centre), Mayotte, France
| | - Jacky Laguerre
- Service des grands brulés, pôle d'anesthésie-réanimation (Major Burns Unit, ICU Unit), CHU Toulouse-Rangueil (University Hospital Centre), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Birmes
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Centre, Université de Toulouse (Toulouse University), Inserm, UPS, France
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Tang W, Xu D, Li B, Lu Y, Xu J. The relationship between the frequency of suicidal ideation and sleep disturbance factors among adolescent earthquake victims in China. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2018; 55:90-97. [PMID: 30448743 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the frequency of suicidal ideation (SI) and identify exposure variables, mental health, and sleep-related risk factors of SI among adolescents following the 2013 Ya'an earthquake. METHODS Participants consisted of 5563 adolescent students selected through random sampling from 11 primary and high schools in the counties most severely affected by the earthquake. They were asked to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders. Multinomial logistic analysis was used to identify possible relationships between SI and psychopathology, sleep problems, earthquake exposures or demographic characteristics. The mediation analysis was used to identify direct and indirect effects among sleep problems, psychopathology, earthquake exposures and SI. RESULTS Our findings suggest that 29.5% of the sample experienced SI during the past year (12.9% once, 11.9% twice, 2.6% on 3-4 occasions and 2.1% on at least 5 occasions). Multiple sleeping problems, including trouble falling asleep, shorter sleep duration, and daytime dysfunction, showed independent associations with SI. The mediation analysis suggested that depression and anxiety mainly mediated the association of sleep with SI. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional and did not include controls. No baseline data were collected prior to the earthquake. CONCLUSION SI can be a serious problem among adolescents following a major earthquake, especially those who are older, who live in one-child households, or who are female. Years after a disaster, we found that exposure severity, psychopathology and sleep impairment all contributed to SI, and that earthquake exposure may have disrupted sleep and worsened mood, which in turn may have impacted SI. By enhancing teenagers' sleep management and shaping their activities, post-disaster intervention programs may help prevent SI among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dun Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Mental Health Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Grelotti DJ, Gerbasi ME, Eustache E, Reginald Fils-Aimé J, Thérosmé T, Severe J, Raviola GJ, Darghouth S, Legha R, Pierre EL, Affricot E, Alcindor Y, Boyd K, Becker AE, Fawzi MCS. Prevalence of stressful life events and their association with post-traumatic stress disorder among youth attending secondary school in Haiti. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:369-375. [PMID: 30173043 PMCID: PMC7050197 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between earthquakes and youth post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well described, but little is known about the relationship between other stressful life events (SLEs) and PTSD among earthquake-affected youth. This study examines a variety of SLEs, including earthquake, and their association with PTSD among school-going Haitian youth following a major earthquake in 2010. In 2013, we assessed 120 students ages 18-22 for PTSD and other SLEs using a modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)-based interview and the Stressful Life Events Checklist (SLE Checklist). Only 51.7% of participants on the SLE Checklist and 31.7% in the interview endorsed being affected by the earthquake or another disaster. Sexual assault showed the strongest association with PTSD in multivariable logistic regression. Contrary to our hypothesis, exposure to earthquake or another disaster was not significantly associated with current PTSD. In this population, exposure to interpersonal violence may have had a greater impact on PTSD risk than exposure to natural disaster. These data underscore the need to examine and reduce both acute and chronic stressors among disaster-affected youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Grelotti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Correspondence to David J. Grelotti, MD, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093.
| | - Margaret E. Gerbasi
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eddy Eustache
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | | | - Tatiana Thérosmé
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Jennifer Severe
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe J. Raviola
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Darghouth
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rupinder Legha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ermaze L. Pierre
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Emmeline Affricot
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Yoldie Alcindor
- Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | | | - Anne E. Becker
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary C. Smith Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tang W, Lu Y, Yang Y, Xu J. An epidemiologic study of self-reported sleep problems in a large sample of adolescent earthquake survivors: The effects of age, gender, exposure, and psychopathology. J Psychosom Res 2018; 113:22-29. [PMID: 30190044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence of sleep problems and their associated risk factors in child and adolescent survivors three years after the 2013 Ya'an earthquake. METHODS A total of 6132 adolescent survivors aged 9-18 years were invited to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders. Logistic analysis was used to identify possible relationships of sleep disturbance scores with earthquake exposures, mental health and demographic characteristics. RESULTS More than a quarter of the sample showed sleep problems of some kind, with 23.1% sleeping fewer than 7 h per night, 32.5% having difficulty falling asleep, 24.2% having difficulty remaining asleep, 25.3% having poor sleep quality, 17.4% having nightmares and 44.6% having difficulty functioning during daytime hours. Older participants were at a significantly higher risk of sleep issues than younger children (OR 2.89), and the subjects had significantly elevated risks of probable anxiety (OR 3.47), probable depression (OR 2.45), and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (OR 1.89). Other risk factors for sleep problems were earthquake exposure variables, including being injured (OR 1.42), having a parent injured (OR 1.27), witnessing death (OR 1.32) or feeling extremely scared (OR 1.22) in the Ya'an earthquake. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances are common in adolescent earthquake survivors, and they are associated with age, gender, psychiatric symptoms and factors related to earthquake exposure. These results highlight the importance of development- and gender-specific interventions to prevent sleep disturbances after a major earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Cénat JM, Derivois D, Hébert M, Amédée LM, Karray A. Multiple traumas and resilience among street children in Haiti: Psychopathology of survival. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 79:85-97. [PMID: 29428880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In Haiti, as in several developing countries, the phenomenon of street children has become a major public health issue. These children are often victims of traumas and adverse life events. This article aimed to investigate traumas experienced by street children and their coping and resilience strategies used to deal with adversities in a logic of survival, relying on a mixed method approach. A group of 176 street children, aged 7-18 (n = 21 girls), recruited in Port-au-Prince, completed measures assessing PTSD, social support and resilience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to document traumatic experiences, factors related to resilience and coping strategies. After performing statistical analyses to evaluate prevalence and predictors associated with PTSD, and level of social support satisfaction and resilience, qualitative analysis using a grounded theory approach was conducted. Results showed that street children experienced multiple traumas such as neglect, maltreatment, psychological, physical and sexual abuse. However, they also showed self-efficacy to face their traumatic experiences and few of them (less than 15%) obtained scores reaching clinical rates of PTSD, while a large majority presented a level of resilience between moderate to very high. A socio-ecological model of multiple traumas and a model of coping, survival and resilience strategies are conceptualized. Data provide a better understanding of the traumas experienced by street children, their coping and resilience strategies. Results underscore ways to develop practices to offer psychological support, social and vocational integration based on the real needs of these children, in a perspective of social justice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Psychologie Psy-Drepi, EA 7458, France
| | - Martine Hébert
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Amira Karray
- Aix-Marseille Université, LPCPP, EA 3278, France
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Vance MC, Kovachy B, Dong M, Bui E. Peritraumatic distress: A review and synthesis of 15 years of research. J Clin Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29543336 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the subjective trauma exposure criterion was removed from the DSM-5 criteria set for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emerging literature suggests that peritraumatic distress may be useful in predicting outcomes after exposure to a stressful event. METHOD We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature examining the association between peritraumatic distress and PTSD and other psychiatric outcomes. The 57 studies herein varied in both experimental design and target populations. RESULTS Forty-eight studies found associations between peritraumatic distress and PTSD outcome measures, 23 found associations between peritraumatic distress and other psychiatric outcomes, and three found associations between peritraumatic distress and PTSD-related symptoms or other psychiatric outcomes after non-Criterion A stressful events by DSM-5 criteria. CONCLUSION Peritraumatic distress is associated with PTSD symptom severity, other psychiatric symptoms, and severity of PTSD-related symptoms after exposure to non-Criterion A events, suggesting that peritraumatic distress is a risk factor for various psychiatric outcomes and furthering our understanding of the impact of subjective experience on trauma psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Vance
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan
| | | | | | - Eric Bui
- Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts General Hospital
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Lai BS, Osborne MC, Piscitello J, Self-Brown S, Kelley ML. The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018; 9:1450042. [PMID: 29696072 PMCID: PMC5912434 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1450042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children are a vulnerable population following a natural disaster, due to their age and dependence on adults. The primary presenting problem children report after disasters is posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Prior research suggests that PTSS is inversely related to social support, which is often disrupted after a disaster. Objective: This study examined the relationship between social support (from parents, teachers, and peers) and PTSS in children affected by Hurricane Katrina. The research contributes to the literature by examining the mechanisms that drive this relationship over time. Methods: In this study, 426 children were followed over four timepoints, beginning 3-7 months after Hurricane Katrina and concluding 25-27 months post-hurricane. Three path models analysed the relationship between social support (from parents, teachers, and peers, measured by the Social Support Scale for Children) and PTSS (measured by the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index). Covariates included child age, minority status, gender, perceived life threat, and actual life threat. Nonsignificant paths were trimmed from the final models. Global fit indices were examined to determine model fit. Results: In the parent and peer social support models, PTSS exhibited statistically significant effects on social support from one wave to the next. In the teacher model, this was only true between Waves 2 and 3. Social support showed a statistically significant effect on PTSS between Wave 2 and Wave 3 in the peer model (standardized estimate = -0.26, p < .0001). No paths from social support to PTSS were significant in the parent and teacher models. Conclusion: Findings support a social selection model in which PTSS undermine social support, particularly in the first two years post-disaster. If these findings are replicated, this suggests that, in cases of limited funding, PTSS should be prioritized, given their cascading effects on social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty S Lai
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mary Lou Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Haiti remains the poorest country in the Americas and one of the poorest in the world. Children in Haiti face many health concerns, some of which were exacerbated by the 2010 earthquake. This systematic review summarizes published research conducted since the 2010 earthquake, focusing on health outcomes for children in Haiti, including physical, psychological, and socioeconomic well-being. METHODS A literature search was conducted identifying articles published from January 2010 through May 2016 related to pediatric health outcomes in Haiti. Two reviewers screened articles independently. Included research articles described at least one physical health, psychological health, or socioeconomic outcome among children less than 18 years of age in Haiti since the January 2010 earthquake. RESULTS Fifty-eight full-length research articles were reviewed, covering infectious diseases (non-cholera [N=12] and cholera [N=7]), nutrition (N=11), traumatic injuries (N=11), mental health (N=9), anemia (N=4), abuse and violence (N=5), and other topics (N=3). Many children were injured in the 2010 earthquake, and care of their injuries is described in the literature. Infectious diseases were a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children following the earthquake, with cholera being one of the most important etiologies. The literature also revealed that large numbers of children in Haiti have significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), peri-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety, and that food insecurity and malnutrition continue to be important issues. CONCLUSIONS Future health programs in Haiti should focus on provision of clean water, sanitation, and other measures to prevent infectious diseases. Mental health programming and services for children also appear to be greatly needed, and food insecurity/malnutrition must be addressed if children are to lead healthy, productive lives. Given the burden of injury after the 2010 earthquake, further research on long-term disabilities among children in Haiti is needed. Dube A , Moffatt M , Davison C , Bartels S . Health outcomes for children in Haiti since the 2010 earthquake: a systematic review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):77-88.
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Cadichon JM, Lignier B, Cénat JM, Derivois D. Symptoms of PTSD Among Adolescents and Young Adult Survivors Six Years after the 2010 Haiti Earthquake. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2017.1360585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Baptiste Lignier
- Laboratoire Psy-DREPI, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jude-Mary Cénat
- Department of Sexology, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Derivois
- Laboratoire Psy-DREPI, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Farooqui M, Quadri SA, Suriya SS, Khan MA, Ovais M, Sohail Z, Shoaib S, Tohid H, Hassan M. Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017; 39:135-143. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters. They can cause massive destruction and loss of life and survivors may suffer psychological symptoms of severe intensity. Our goal in this article is to review studies published in the last 20 years to compile what is known about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurring after earthquakes. The review also describes other psychiatric complications that can be associated with earthquakes, to provide readers with better overall understanding, and discusses several sociodemographic factors that can be associated with post-earthquake PTSD Method A search for literature was conducted on major databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and in neurology and psychiatry journals, and many other medical journals. Terms used for electronic searches included, but were not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, major depressive disorder, earthquake, and natural disaster. The relevant information was then utilized to determine the relationships between earthquakes and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results It was found that PTSD is the most commonly occurring mental health condition among earthquake survivors. Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, and specific phobias were also listed. Conclusion The PTSD prevalence rate varied widely. It was dependent on multiple risk factors in target populations and also on the interval of time that had elapsed between the exposure to the deadly incident and measurement. Females seemed to be the most widely-affected group, while elderly people and young children exhibit considerable psychosocial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samra Shoaib
- California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, USA
| | - Hassaan Tohid
- California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, USA; University of California, USA
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Eustache E, Gerbasi ME, Smith Fawzi MC, Fils-Aimé JR, Severe J, Raviola GJ, Legha R, Darghouth S, Grelotti DJ, Thérosmé T, Pierre EL, Affricot E, Alcindor Y, Becker AE. High burden of mental illness and low utilization of care among school-going youth in Central Haiti: A window into the youth mental health treatment gap in a low-income country. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:261-274. [PMID: 28367719 PMCID: PMC5967385 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017700174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health treatment gap for youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is substantial; strategies for redress are urgently needed to mitigate the serious health and social consequences of untreated mental illness in youth. AIMS To estimate the burden of major depressive episode (MDE) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as utilization of care among Haitian youth in order to describe the mental health treatment gap in a LMIC setting. METHODS We estimated the point prevalence of MDE, PTSD, and subthreshold variants in a school-based sample of youth ( n = 120, ages 18-22 years) using a modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID)-based interview and examined treatment utilization among those receiving one of these diagnoses. We assessed additional psychopathology with self-report measures to examine validity of study diagnostic assignments. RESULTS The combined prevalence of full-syndrome or subthreshold MDE or PTSD was high (36.7%). A large majority of affected individuals (88.6%) had accessed no mental health services in the health sector, and 36.4% had accessed no care of any kind in either the health or folk sectors in the past year. CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate a high mental health burden among Haiti's youth and that many youth with MDE and PTSD are not accessing mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Eustache
- 1 Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Margaret E Gerbasi
- 2 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary C Smith Fawzi
- 2 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Severe
- 2 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, Baystate Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe J Raviola
- 2 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 4 Partners In Health, Boston, MA, USA
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rupinder Legha
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Darghouth
- 7 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Grelotti
- 8 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana Thérosmé
- 1 Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Ermaze L Pierre
- 1 Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Emmeline Affricot
- 1 Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Yoldie Alcindor
- 1 Mental Health and Psychosocial Services, Zanmi Lasante, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Anne E Becker
- 2 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- 7 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Derivois D, Cénat JM, Joseph NE, Karray A, Chahraoui K. Prevalence and determinants of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression symptoms in street children survivors of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, four years after. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 67:174-181. [PMID: 28279864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Working with street children and adolescents who lived through the 2010 earthquake in Port-au-Prince, this paper aims to assess the prevalence of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression in relation to peritraumatic distress, and age, and to explore other risk factors and socio-demographic characteristics, four years after the events. Between March and June 2014, with a sample of 128 children and adolescents (120 boys and 8 girls) aged between 7 and 18, of an average age of 13.88 (SD=2.15), all living on the streets of Port-au-Prince, we used the following scales: the Trauma Exposure (TE), the Life Events Subscale of the CAPS; the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI); the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) and the Children Depression Inventory (CDI); (BAI). Our study reveals a high prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety among street children. It also demonstrates that this prevalence is lower than that of several other groups of children who were also victims of the 2010 earthquake in Port-au-Prince. Children living in the streets for economic reasons presented a lower prevalence of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression than those who were on the streets as a result of psychological or physical abuse within their own families, in adoptive families or in children's homes. This study demonstrates the importance of care provision for these children in terms of helping them develop coping and resilience strategies. It also stresses the importance of providing them with nonviolent living environments and opportunities to facilitate their return to normality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Derivois
- Department of Psychology, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France.
| | - Jude Mary Cénat
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Amira Karray
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Aix-Marseille Université, France
| | - Khadija Chahraoui
- Department of Psychology, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
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Cénat JM, Derivois D, Karray A. Psychopathologie de la mort et de la survivance en Haïti. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3917/psys.171.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Tang W, Zhao J, Lu Y, Yan T, Wang L, Zhang J, Xu J. Mental health problems among children and adolescents experiencing two major earthquakes in remote mountainous regions: A longitudinal study. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 72:66-73. [PMID: 27744270 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Millions of children were exposed to major earthquake in China, with serious psychological and developmental consequences. To obtain accurate rate of post-disaster related disorder and identify predictors may help inform post-disaster rescue and rehabilitation efforts. The present longitudinal study explored correlations of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of juvenile survivors of the Ya'an and Wenchuan earthquakes in China with their trajectories of post-disaster related disorder. METHODS A total of 435 Chinese children and adolescents who survived the 2013 Ya'an earthquake were recruited from six primary, secondary and high schools in Baoxing County. All survivors were assessed at 12months after the disaster, when a trained psychiatrist assessed mental health problems in a face-to-face structured interview, and 153 survivors were followed up at 30months after the earthquake via telephone. RESULTS The 12-month assessment indicated a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence of 43.9% as well as depression (20.9%) or the criteria for both PTSD and depression (18.2%) and the other disorder (0.9%). The 30-month assessment indicated that 15.7% of subjects met the criteria for PTSD, 21.6% met the criteria for depression. No subjects met the criteria for other affective or anxiety disorders. Significant predictors of PTSD and depression were death in the family, previous earthquake experience, a poor parent-child relationship and economic pressure or poverty. LIMITATIONS Clinical interview face to face is quite different from via telephone and the attrition rate in the longitudinal cohort is high, which would directly affect our results of the assessment. CONCLUSIONS PTSD and depression may be as prevalent and persistent in disaster victims in China as elsewhere, and high co-comorbidities remain poorly understood. Although many adolescents recover over time, some exhibit chronic, delayed-onset PTSD and depression, especially those with poor relationships with their parents or those living in precarious economic conditions. Family-based therapy may be needed to support child and adolescent trauma survivors in order to prevent mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingdong Zhao
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Post-disaster Reconstruction and Management, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People' Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Augusterfer EF, Mollica RF, Lavelle J. A review of telemental health in international and post-disaster settings. Int Rev Psychiatry 2016; 27:540-6. [PMID: 26576720 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2015.1082985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Telemental health (TMH) is an important component in meeting critical mental health needs of the global population. Mental health is an issue of global importance; an estimated 450 million people worldwide have mental or behavioural disorders, accounting for 12% of the World Health Organization's (WHO) global burden of disease. However, it is reported that 75% of people suffering from mental disorders in the Developing World receive no treatment or care. In this paper, the authors review global mental health needs with a focus on the use of TMH to meet mental health needs in international and post-disaster settings. Telemedicine and TMH have the capacity to bring evidence-based best practices in medicine and mental health to the under-served and difficult to reach areas of the world, including post-disaster settings. The authors will also report on the mental health impact of the Haiti 2010 earthquake and on the limited use of telemedicine in post-disaster Haiti. The paper will underscore the point that published papers on the use of TMH in post-disaster settings are lacking. Finally, the paper will review considerations before working in TMH in international and post-disaster settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard F Mollica
- a Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA , and.,b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA
| | - James Lavelle
- a Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma , Cambridge, Massachusetts , USA , and
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Wu Z, Xu J, Sui Y. Posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth coexistence and the risk factors in Wenchuan earthquake survivors. Psychiatry Res 2016; 237:49-54. [PMID: 26921051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have assessed the negative and/or positive changes in the aftermath of traumatic events. Yet few of these have addressed the factors associated with the coexistence of both negative and positive changes after a devastating earthquake. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the negative and positive changes and elucidate the risk factors of such changes one year after Wenchuan earthquake. A total of 2080 survivors from 19 counties participated in a self-report questionnaire survey which included the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Check list-Civilian, the posttraumatic growth PTG Inventory (PTGI). The prevalence of PTSD and moderate PTG was found to be 40.1% (95% CI [37.9% 42.3%]) and 51.1% (95% CI [48.9% 53.3%]). The PTSD and moderate PTG coexistence was 19.6% (95% CI [17.8% 21.4%]). PTSD symptom severity was significantly positively associated with the PTG score. Middle aged groups (31-40 and 41-50 years old, OR=2.323, 95% CI [1.059, 5.095] and OR=2.410, 95% CI [1.090, 5.329] respectively), those with lower income levels (OR=8.019, 95% CI [2.421, 26.558]), those living in temporary house (OR=1.946, 95% CI [1.280, 2.956]), and those who had had less social support (OR=1.109, 95% CI [1.076, 1.143]) had a significantly higher possibility for the presence of PTSD and moderate PTG coexistence. The results indicated the widespread positive changes in earthquake survivors. Better income levels and living conditions and higher social support were suggested to promote PTG in those with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wu
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yan Sui
- School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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