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Mazzarotto F, Monteleone P, Minelli A, Mattevi S, Cascino G, Rocca P, Rossi A, Bertolino A, Aguglia E, Altamura C, Amore M, Bellomo A, Bucci P, Collantoni E, Dell'Osso L, Di Fabio F, Fagiolini A, Giuliani L, Marchesi C, Martinotti G, Montemagni C, Pinna F, Pompili M, Rampino A, Roncone R, Siracusano A, Vita A, Zeppegno P, Galderisi S, Gennarelli M, Maj M. Genetic determinants of coping, resilience and self-esteem in schizophrenia suggest a primary role for social factors and hippocampal neurogenesis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 340:116107. [PMID: 39096746 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder, associated with a reduction in life expectancy of 15-20 years. Available treatments are at least partially effective in most affected individuals, and personal resources such as resilience (successful adaptation despite adversity) and coping abilities (strategies used to deal with stressful or threatening situations), are important determinants of disease outcomes and long-term sustained recovery. Published findings support the existence of a genetic background underlying resilience and coping, with variable heritability estimates. However, genome-wide analyses concerning the genetic determinants of these personal resources, especially in the context of schizophrenia, are lacking. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study coupled with accessory analyses to investigate potential genetic determinants of resilience, coping and self-esteem in 490 schizophrenia patients. Results revealed a complex genetic background partly overlapping with that of neuroticism, worry and schizophrenia itself and support the importance of social aspects in shapingthese psychological constructs. Hippocampal neurogenesis and lipid metabolism appear to be potentially relevant biological underpinnings, and specific miRNAs such as miR-124 and miR-137 may warrant further studies as potential biomarkers. In conclusion, this study represents an important first step in the identification of genetic and biological correlates shaping resilience, coping resources and self-esteem in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mazzarotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mattevi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giammarco Cascino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Altamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Bucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Collantoni
- Psychiatric Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Fabio
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Department of Mental Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Giuliani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristiana Montemagni
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rita Roncone
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Psychiatric Unit, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples, Italy
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Bourassa KJ, Halverson TF, Garrett ME, Hair L, Dennis M, Ashley-Koch AE, Beckham JC, Kimbrel NA. Demographic characteristics and epigenetic biological aging among post-9/11 veterans: Associations of DunedinPACE with sex, race, and age. Psychiatry Res 2024; 336:115908. [PMID: 38626626 PMCID: PMC11070289 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Measures of epigenetic aging derived from DNA methylation (DNAm) have enabled the assessment of biological aging in new populations and cohorts. In the present study, we used an epigenetic measure of aging, DunedinPACE, to examine rates of aging across demographic groups in a sample of 2,309 United States military veterans from the VISN 6 MIRECC's Post-Deployment Mental Health Study. As assessed by DunedinPACE, female veterans were aging faster than male veterans (β = 0.39, 95 % CI [0.29, 0.48], p < .001), non-Hispanic Black veterans were aging faster than non-Hispanic White veterans (β = 0.58, 95 % CI [0.50, 0.66], p < .001), and older veterans were biologically aging faster than younger veterans (β = 0.21, 95 % CI [0.18, 0.25], p < .001). In secondary analyses, these differences in rates of aging were not explained by a variety of biopsychosocial covariates. In addition, the percentage of European genetic admixture in non-Hispanic Black veterans was not associated with DunedinPACE. Our findings suggest that female and non-Hispanic Black veterans are at greater risk of accelerated aging among post-9/11 veterans. Interventions that slow aging might provide relatively greater benefit among veterans comprising these at-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Bourassa
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center.
| | - Tate F Halverson
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System
| | | | - Lauren Hair
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Michelle Dennis
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | - Jean C Beckham
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Nathan A Kimbrel
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine; VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham VA Health Care System
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Kim J, Seol S, Kim TE, Lee J, Koo JW, Kang HJ. Synaptotagmin-4 induces anhedonic responses to chronic stress via BDNF signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:329-343. [PMID: 38297157 PMCID: PMC10907712 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stressful circumstances are significant contributors to mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder. Anhedonia, defined as loss of the ability to enjoy pleasure in pleasurable situations, including rewarding activities or social contexts, is considered a key symptom of depression. Although stress-induced depression is associated with anhedonia in humans and animals, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anhedonic responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that synaptotagmin-4 (SYT4), which is involved in the release of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, is implicated in chronic stress-induced anhedonia. Employing chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), we evaluated two subpopulations of mice, susceptible (SUS, anhedonic) and resilient (RES, nonanhedonic), based on sucrose preference, which was strongly correlated with social reward. The FosTRAP (targeted recombination in active populations) system and optogenetic approach revealed that neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly associated with CUS-induced anhedonic behavioral phenotypes. By conducting weighted gene coexpression network analysis of RNA sequencing data from the mPFC of SUS and RES mice, we identified Syt4 as a hub gene in a gene network that was unique to anhedonia. We also confirmed that Syt4 overexpression in the mPFC was pro-susceptible, while Syt4 knockdown was pro-resilient; the pro-susceptible effects of SYT4 were mediated through a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the mPFC. These findings suggest that SYT4-BDNF interactions in the mPFC represent a crucial regulatory mechanism of anhedonic susceptibility to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseop Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihwan Seol
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Kimbrel NA, Garrett ME, Evans MK, Mellows C, Dennis MF, Hair LP, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE, Beckham JC. Large epigenome-wide association study identifies multiple novel differentially methylated CpG sites associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in veterans. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1145375. [PMID: 37398583 PMCID: PMC10311443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1145375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The U.S. suicide mortality rate has steadily increased during the past two decades, particularly among military veterans; however, the epigenetic basis of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) remains largely unknown. Methods To address this issue, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study of DNA methylation (DNAm) of peripheral blood samples obtained from 2,712 U.S. military veterans. Results Three DNAm probes were significantly associated with suicide attempts, surpassing the multiple testing threshold (FDR q-value <0.05), including cg13301722 on chromosome 7, which lies between the genes SLC4A2 and CDK5; cg04724646 in PDE3A; and cg04999352 in RARRES3. cg13301722 was also found to be differentially methylated in the cerebral cortex of suicide decedents in a publicly-available dataset (p = 0.03). Trait enrichment analysis revealed that the CpG sites most strongly associated with STB in the present sample were also associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, maternal smoking, and maternal alcohol consumption, whereas pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant associations with circadian rhythm, adherens junction, insulin secretion, and RAP-1 signaling, each of which was recently associated with suicide attempts in a large, independent genome-wide association study of suicide attempts of veterans. Discussion Taken together, the present findings suggest that SLC4A2, CDK5, PDE3A, and RARRES3 may play a role in STB. CDK5, a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family that is highly expressed in the brain and essential for learning and memory, appears to be a particularly promising candidate worthy of future study; however, additional work is still needed to replicate these finding in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Mariah K. Evans
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Clara Mellows
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lauren P. Hair
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Ashley-Koch AE, Kimbrel NA, Qin XJ, Lindquist JH, Garrett ME, Dennis MF, Hair LP, Huffman JE, Jacobson DA, Madduri RK, Coon H, Docherty AR, Kang J, Mullins N, Ruderfer DM, Harvey PD, McMahon BH, Oslin DW, Hauser ER, Hauser MA, Beckham JC. Genome-wide association study identifies four pan-ancestry loci for suicidal ideation in the Million Veteran Program. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010623. [PMID: 36940203 PMCID: PMC10063168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicidal ideation (SI) often precedes and predicts suicide attempt and death, is the most common suicidal phenotype and is over-represented in veterans. The genetic architecture of SI in the absence of suicide attempt (SA) is unknown, yet believed to have distinct and overlapping risk with other suicidal behaviors. We performed the first GWAS of SI without SA in the Million Veteran Program (MVP), identifying 99,814 SI cases from electronic health records without a history of SA or suicide death (SD) and 512,567 controls without SI, SA or SD. GWAS was performed separately in the four largest ancestry groups, controlling for sex, age and genetic substructure. Ancestry-specific results were combined via meta-analysis to identify pan-ancestry loci. Four genome-wide significant (GWS) loci were identified in the pan-ancestry meta-analysis with loci on chromosomes 6 and 9 associated with suicide attempt in an independent sample. Pan-ancestry gene-based analysis identified GWS associations with DRD2, DCC, FBXL19, BCL7C, CTF1, ANNK1, and EXD3. Gene-set analysis implicated synaptic and startle response pathways (q's<0.05). European ancestry (EA) analysis identified GWS loci on chromosomes 6 and 9, as well as GWS gene associations in EXD3, DRD2, and DCC. No other ancestry-specific GWS results were identified, underscoring the need to increase representation of diverse individuals. The genetic correlation of SI and SA within MVP was high (rG = 0.87; p = 1.09e-50), as well as with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; rG = 0.78; p = 1.98e-95) and major depressive disorder (MDD; rG = 0.78; p = 8.33e-83). Conditional analysis on PTSD and MDD attenuated most pan-ancestry and EA GWS signals for SI without SA to nominal significance, with the exception of EXD3 which remained GWS. Our novel findings support a polygenic and complex architecture for SI without SA which is largely shared with SA and overlaps with psychiatric conditions frequently comorbid with suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xue J. Qin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer H. Lindquist
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren P. Hair
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Jacobson
- Biosciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, NeuroNet Research Center, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ravi K. Madduri
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jooeun Kang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Niamh Mullins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Douglas M. Ruderfer
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Philip D. Harvey
- Research Service Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Benjamin H. McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - David W. Oslin
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Center of Excellence, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Impact of traumatic life events and polygenic risk scores for major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder on Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:15-19. [PMID: 36542982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic experiences and genetic heritability are among the most widely acknowledged risk factors leading to the development of psychopathology; including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The purpose of this study was to investigate if polygenic risk scores (PRS) among Veterans interacted with traumatic stress to predict PTSD and MDD. 1,389 Iraq-Afghanistan military service Veterans from the Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center dataset were analyzed. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics were utilized to generate PRS for PTSD (PRSPTSD) and PRS for MDD (PRSMDD) in order to analyze PRS-by-environment (PRSxE) with trauma exposure to predict PTSD and MDD diagnoses. Trauma exposure and PRSPTSD, were independently associated with a current PTSD diagnosis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The interaction between trauma exposure and PRSMDD to predict a current diagnosis of PTSD trended towards significance (p = 0.053). Stratifying by trauma thresholds, among those within the lowest trauma load, the association of PRSMDD with PTSD was found to be nominally significant (p = 0.03). For a MDD diagnosis, there was a significant association with trauma exposure (p < 0.001); and the association with PRSMDD was found to be nominally significant (p = 0.03). No significant PRSxE effects were found with MDD. Our findings corroborate previous research highlighting trauma exposure, and genetic heritability, as risk factors for the development of PTSD and MDD in a Veteran population. Additionally, findings suggest that genetic vulnerability may be less important as trauma exposure increases, with high levels of trauma likely to result in PTSD and MDD, regardless of genetic vulnerability.
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Bao N, Liu J, Peng Z, Zhang R, Ni R, Li R, Wu J, Liu Z, Pan B. Identification of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks to explore the molecular mechanism and immune regulation of postoperative neurocognitive disorder. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8374-8393. [PMID: 36279395 PMCID: PMC9648807 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common complication in older patients. However, its pathogenesis has still remained elusive. Recent studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PND after surgery. CircRNA, as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), mainly acts as a molecular sponge for miRNA to "adsorb" microRNA (miRNA) and to reduce the inhibitory effects of miRNAs on target mRNA. The sequencing data of circRNA were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By bioinformatic methods, circAtlas, miRDB, miRTarBase and miRwalk databases were applied to construct circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks and screen differentially expressed mRNAs. To improve the accuracy of the data, we randomly divided aging mice into control (non-PND group) and PND groups, and used high-throughput sequencing to analyze their brain hippocampal tissue for analysis. Three key genes were cross-detected in the data of both groups, which were Unc13c, Tbx20 and St8sia2 (as hub genes), providing new targets for PND treatment. According to the results of the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, immune cell infiltration analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the genes that were not related to the central nervous system were removed, and finally, mmu_circ_0000331/miR-1224-3p/Unc13c and mmu_circ_0000406/miR-24-3p/St8sia2 ceRNA networks were identified. In addition, the CMap method was used to select the top 4 active compounds with the largest negative correlation absolute values, including cimaterol, Rucaparib, FG-7142, and Hydrocortisone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenyang Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rufei Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Runzuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Botao Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
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8
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Cannon-Albright LA, Romesser J, Teerlink CC, Thomas A, Meyer LJ. Evidence for excess familial clustering of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in the US Veterans Genealogy resource. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:332-337. [PMID: 34953562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A genealogy of the United States has been record-linked to National Veteran's Health Administration (VHA) patient data to allow non-identifiable analysis of familial clustering. This genealogy, including over 70 million individuals linked to over 1 million VHA patients, is the largest such combined resource reported. Analysis of familial clustering among VHA patients diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) allowed a test of the hypothesis of an inherited contribution to PTSD. PTSD is associated strongly with military service and extended familial clustering data have not previously been presented. PTSD-affected VHA patients with genealogy data were identified by presence of an ICD diagnosis code in the VHA medical record in at least 2 different years. The Genealogical Index of Familiality (GIF) method was used to compare the average relatedness of VHA patients diagnosed with PTSD with their expected average relatedness, estimated from randomly selected sets of matched linked VHA patient controls. Relative risks for PTSD were estimated in first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of PTSD patients who were also VHA patients, using sex and age-matched rates for PTSD estimated from all linked VHA patients. Significant excess pairwise relatedness, and significantly elevated risk for PTSD in first-, second-, and third-degree relatives was observed; multiple high-risk extended PTSD pedigrees were identified. The analysis provides evidence for excess familial clustering of PTSD and identified high-risk PTSD pedigrees. These results support an inherited contribution to PTSD predisposition and identify a powerful resource of high-risk PTSD pedigrees for predisposition gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Cannon-Albright
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jennifer Romesser
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Craig C Teerlink
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Alun Thomas
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Lawrence J Meyer
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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9
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Aykac A, Kalkan R. Epigenetic Approach to PTSD: In the Aspects of Rat Models. Glob Med Genet 2021; 9:7-13. [PMID: 35169777 PMCID: PMC8837403 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a stress-related mental disorder and develops after exposure to life-threatening traumatic experiences. The risk factors of PTSD included genetic factors; alterations in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis; neurotrophic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and catecholaminergic systems; and a variety of environmental factors, such as war, accident, natural disaster, pandemic, physical, or sexual abuse, that cause stress or trauma in individuals. To be able to understand the molecular background of PTSD, rodent animal models are widely used by researchers. When looking for a solution for PTSD, it is important to consider preexisting genetic risk factors and physiological, molecular, and biochemical processes caused by trauma that may cause susceptibility to this disorder. In studies, it is reported that epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the biological response affected by environmental factors, as well as the task of programming cell identity. In this article, we provided an overview of the role of epigenetic modifications in understanding the biology of PTSD. We also summarized the data from animal studies and their importance during the investigation of PTSD. This study shed light on the epigenetic background of stress and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Aykac
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Oepen AS, Catalano JL, Azanchi R, Kaun KR. The foraging gene affects alcohol sensitivity, metabolism and memory in Drosophila. J Neurogenet 2021; 35:236-248. [PMID: 34092172 PMCID: PMC9215342 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2021.1931178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is complex. Understanding how natural genetic variation contributes to alcohol phenotypes can help us identify and understand the genetic basis of AUD. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the human foraging (for) gene ortholog, Protein Kinase cGMP-Dependent 1 (PRKG1), was found to be associated with stress-induced risk for alcohol abuse. However, the mechanistic role that PRKG1 plays in AUD is not well understood. We use natural variation in the Drosophila for gene to describe how variation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activity modifies ethanol-induced phenotypes. We found that variation in for affects ethanol-induced increases in locomotion and memory of the appetitive properties of ethanol intoxication. Further, these differences may stem from the ability to metabolize ethanol. Together, this data suggests that natural variation in PKG modulates cue reactivity for alcohol, and thus could influence alcohol cravings by differentially modulating metabolic and behavioral sensitivities to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S. Oepen
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence,
RI, USA
- Masters Program in Developmental, Neuronal and Behavioral
Biology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jamie L. Catalano
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence,
RI, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Graduate Program,
Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Reza Azanchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence,
RI, USA
| | - Karla R. Kaun
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence,
RI, USA
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11
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Garrett ME, Qin XJ, Mehta D, Dennis MF, Marx CE, Grant GA, Stein MB, Kimbrel NA, Beckham JC, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE. Gene Expression Analysis in Three Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Cohorts Implicates Inflammation and Innate Immunity Pathways and Uncovers Shared Genetic Risk With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:678548. [PMID: 34393704 PMCID: PMC8358297 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.678548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that can develop following exposure to traumatic events. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium PTSD group (PGC-PTSD) has collected over 20,000 multi-ethnic PTSD cases and controls and has identified both genetic and epigenetic factors associated with PTSD risk. To further investigate biological correlates of PTSD risk, we examined three PGC-PTSD cohorts comprising 977 subjects to identify differentially expressed genes among PTSD cases and controls. Whole blood gene expression was quantified with the HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip for 726 OEF/OIF veterans from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), 155 samples from the Injury and Traumatic Stress (INTRuST) Clinical Consortium, and 96 Australian Vietnam War veterans. Differential gene expression analysis was performed in each cohort separately followed by meta-analysis. In the largest cohort, we performed co-expression analysis to identify modules of genes that are associated with PTSD and MDD. We then conducted expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and assessed the presence of eQTL interactions involving PTSD and major depressive disorder (MDD). Finally, we utilized PTSD and MDD GWAS summary statistics to identify regions that colocalize with eQTLs. Although not surpassing correction for multiple testing, the most differentially expressed genes in meta-analysis were interleukin-1 beta (IL1B), a pro-inflammatory cytokine previously associated with PTSD, and integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which is highly expressed in brain and can rescue dysregulated hippocampal neurogenesis and memory deficits. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin-1 receptor genes, which are integral to cellular innate immune response. Co-expression analysis identified four modules of genes associated with PTSD, two of which are also associated with MDD, demonstrating common biological pathways underlying the two conditions. Lastly, we identified four genes (UBA7, HLA-F, HSPA1B, and RERE) with high probability of a shared causal eQTL variant with PTSD and/or MDD GWAS variants, thereby providing a potential mechanism by which the GWAS variant contributes to disease risk. In summary, we provide additional evidence for genes and pathways previously reported and identified plausible novel candidates for PTSD. These data provide further insight into genetic factors and pathways involved in PTSD, as well as potential regions of pleiotropy between PTSD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie E Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xue Jun Qin
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Divya Mehta
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle F Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States.,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Christine E Marx
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States.,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gerald A Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nathan A Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States.,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean C Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States.,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael A Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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12
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Katrinli S, Smith AK. Immune system regulation and role of the human leukocyte antigen in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100366. [PMID: 34355049 PMCID: PMC8322450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that adversely affect mental and physical health. Recent studies have increasingly explored the role of the immune system in risk for PTSD and its related symptoms. Dysregulation of the immune system may lead to central nervous system tissue damage and impair learning and memory processes. Individuals with PTSD often have comorbid inflammatory or auto-immune disorders. Evidence shows associations between PTSD and multiple genes that are involved in immune-related or inflammatory pathways. In this review, we will summarize the evidence of immune dysregulation in PTSD, outlining the contributions of distinct cell types, genes, and biological pathways. We use the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) locus to illustrate the contribution of genetic variation to function in different tissues that contribute to PTSD etiology, severity, and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Katrinli
- Emory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Emory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Zhou YG, Shang ZL, Zhang F, Wu LL, Sun LN, Jia YP, Yu HB, Liu WZ. PTSD: Past, present and future implications for China. Chin J Traumatol 2021; 24:187-208. [PMID: 33994278 PMCID: PMC8343811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a long history since human beings began to realize the existence of post-traumatic symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a diagnostic category adopted in 1980 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Ⅲ, described typical clusters of psychiatric symptoms occurring after traumatic events. Abundant researches have helped deepen the understanding of PTSD in terms of epidemiological features, biological mechanisms, and treatment options. The prevalence of PTSD in general population ranged from 6.4% to 7.8% and was significantly higher among groups who underwent major public traumatic events. There has been a long way in the studies of animal models and genetic characteristics of PTSD. However, the high comorbidity with other stress-related psychiatric disorders and complexity in the pathogenesis of PTSD hindered the effort to find specific biological targets for PTSD. Neuroimage was widely used to elucidate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of PTSD. Functional MRI studies have showed that PTSD was linked to medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and sub-cortical structures like amygdala and hippocampus, and to explore the functional connectivity among these brain areas which might reveal the possible neurobiological mechanism related to PTSD symptoms. For now, cognitive behavior therapy-based psychotherapy, including combination with adjunctive medication, showed evident treatment effects on PTSD. The emergence of more effective PTSD pharmacotherapies awaits novel biomarkers from further fundamental research. Several natural disasters and emergencies have inevitably increased the possibility of suffering from PTSD in the last two decades, making it critical to strengthen PTSD research in China. To boost PTSD study in China, the following suggestions might be helpful: (1) establishing a national psychological trauma recover project, and (2) exploring the mechanisms of PTSD with joint effort and strengthening the indigenized treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Guang Zhou
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Shang
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lu-Na Sun
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan-Pu Jia
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Wei-Zhi Liu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Corresponding author. Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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14
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Neurophysiology and Psychopathology Underlying PTSD and Recent Insights into the PTSD Therapies-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092951. [PMID: 32932645 PMCID: PMC7565106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-known psychiatric disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Pharmacodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) have been used to treat patients with PTSD. However, it remains unclear whether there are concurrent changes in psychopathological and neurophysiological factors associated with PTSD patients. Past reports described those PTSD patients with efficient fatty acid metabolism, neurogenesis, mitochondrial energy balance could improve ability to cope against the conditioned fear responses and traumatic memories. Furthermore, cognitive, behavioral, cellular, and molecular evidence can be combined to create personalized therapies for PTSD sufferers either with or without comorbidities such as depression or memory impairment. Unfortunately, there is still evidence lacking to establish a full understanding of the underlying neurophysiological and psychopathological aspects associated with PTSD. This review has extensively discussed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of genetic factors to cause PTSD, the implications of inflammation, neurotransmitter genomics, metabolic alterations, neuroendocrine disturbance (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis), mitochondrial dynamics, neurogenesis, and premature aging related to PTSD-induced psychopathology and neurophysiology. In addition, the review delineated the importance of CBT and several pharmacodynamic therapies to mitigate symptomatology of PTSD.
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15
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Morey RA, Garrett ME, Stevens JS, Clarke EK, Haswell CC, van Rooij SJ, Fani N, Lori A, Mirecc Workgroup VMA, Kimbrel NA, Dennis MF, Marx CE, Beckham JC, McCarthy G, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE. Genetic predictors of hippocampal subfield volume in PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1785994. [PMID: 33029326 PMCID: PMC7473168 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1785994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioural, structural, and functional neuroimaging have implicated the hippocampus as a critical brain region in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) pathogenesis. Recent work in a normative, primarily European, sample identified 15 unique genetic loci contributing to structural variability in six hippocampal subfield volumes. We explored the relevance of these loci in two samples (Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centre [MIRECC] and Grady; n = 290) of trauma-exposed individuals enriched for PTSD and of diverse ancestry. Four of the previous loci demonstrated nominal evidence of replication in the MIRECC dataset, primarily within non-Hispanic whites (NHW). One locus replicated in the Grady cohort, which was composed exclusively of non-Hispanic blacks (NHB). Our data supported genetic interactions with diagnosis of lifetime PTSD and genetic interactions with childhood trauma in the MIRECC sample, but not the Grady sample. Given the racial, diagnostic, and trauma-exposure differences with the original genome-wide association study (GWAS) report, we conducted a full GWAS in the MIRECC and Grady datasets. Interactions between genetic variants and lifetime PTSD or childhood trauma were interrogated for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with evidence of main effects. Genetic associations surpassed false discovery rate (FDR)-correction within hippocampal subfields in fimbria, subiculum, cornu ammonis-1 (CA1), and hippocampal amygdala transition area (HATA). One association was replicated in the Grady cohort (rs12880795 in TUNAR with left (L)-HATA volume). The most significant association in the MIRECC dataset was between rs6906714 in LINC02571 and right (R)-fimbria volume (p = 5.99×10-8, q = 0.0056). Interestingly, the effect of rs6906714 on R-fimbria volume increased with exposure to childhood trauma (gene*environment [G*E] interaction p = 0.022). These preliminary results argue for G*E interactions between genetic loci with PTSD and childhood trauma on hippocampal phenotypes. Our results underscore the need for larger neuroimaging-genetic studies in PTSD, trauma, and ancestrally diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra A. Morey
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emily K. Clarke
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney C. Haswell
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sanne J.H. van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Hauser
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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16
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Barakat AK, Scholl C, Steffens M, Brandenburg K, Ising M, Lucae S, Holsboer F, Laje G, Kalayda GV, Jaehde U, Stingl JC. Citalopram-induced pathways regulation and tentative treatment-outcome-predicting biomarkers in lymphoblastoid cell lines from depression patients. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:210. [PMID: 32612257 PMCID: PMC7329820 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant therapy is still associated with delays in symptomatic improvement and low response rates. Incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying antidepressant effects hampered the identification of objective biomarkers for antidepressant response. In this work, we studied transcriptome-wide expression followed by pathway analysis in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 17 patients documented for response to SSRI antidepressants from the Munich Antidepressant Response Signatures (MARS) study upon short-term incubation (24 and 48 h) with citalopram. Candidate transcripts were further validated with qPCR in MARS LCLs from responders (n = 33) vs. non-responders (n = 36) and afterward in an independent cohort of treatment-resistant patients (n = 20) vs. first-line responders (n = 24) from the STAR*D study. In MARS cohort we observed significant associations of GAD1 (glutamate decarboxylase 1; p = 0.045), TBC1D9 (TBC1 Domain Family Member 9; p = 0.014-0.021) and NFIB (nuclear factor I B; p = 0.015-0.025) expression with response status, remission status and improvement in depression scale, respectively. Pathway analysis of citalopram-altered gene expression indicated response-status-dependent transcriptional reactions. Whereas in clinical responders neural function pathways were primarily up- or downregulated after incubation with citalopram, deregulated pathways in non-responders LCLs mainly involved cell adhesion and immune response. Results from the STAR*D study showed a marginal association of treatment-resistant depression with NFIB (p = 0.068) but not with GAD1 (p = 0.23) and TBC1D9 (p = 0.27). Our results propose the existence of distinct pathway regulation mechanisms in responders vs. non-responders and suggest GAD1, TBC1D9, and NFIB as tentative predictors for clinical response, full remission, and improvement in depression scale, respectively, with only a weak overlap in predictors of different therapy outcome phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Karim Barakat
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Catharina Scholl
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Steffens
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brandenburg
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Lucae
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Laje
- Washington Behavioral Medicine Associates LLC, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Ganna V. Kalayda
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jaehde
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Carolin Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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17
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Logue MW, Miller MW, Wolf EJ, Huber BR, Morrison FG, Zhou Z, Zheng Y, Smith AK, Daskalakis NP, Ratanatharathorn A, Uddin M, Nievergelt CM, Ashley-Koch AE, Baker DG, Beckham JC, Garrett ME, Boks MP, Geuze E, Grant GA, Hauser MA, Kessler RC, Kimbrel NA, Maihofer AX, Marx CE, Qin XJ, Risbrough VB, Rutten BPF, Stein MB, Ursano RJ, Vermetten E, Vinkers CH, Ware EB, Stone A, Schichman SA, McGlinchey RE, Milberg WP, Hayes JP, Verfaellie M. An epigenome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans implicates several new DNA methylation loci. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:46. [PMID: 32171335 PMCID: PMC7071645 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-0820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies using candidate gene and genome-wide approaches have identified epigenetic changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS In this study, we performed an EWAS of PTSD in a cohort of Veterans (n = 378 lifetime PTSD cases and 135 controls) from the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) cohort assessed using the Illumina EPIC Methylation BeadChip which assesses DNAm at more than 850,000 sites throughout the genome. Our model included covariates for ancestry, cell heterogeneity, sex, age, and a smoking score based on DNAm at 39 smoking-associated CpGs. We also examined in EPIC-based DNAm data generated from pre-frontal cortex (PFC) tissue from the National PTSD Brain Bank (n = 72). RESULTS The analysis of blood samples yielded one genome-wide significant association with PTSD at cg19534438 in the gene G0S2 (p = 1.19 × 10-7, padj = 0.048). This association was replicated in an independent PGC-PTSD-EWAS consortium meta-analysis of military cohorts (p = 0.0024). We also observed association with the smoking-related locus cg05575921 in AHRR despite inclusion of a methylation-based smoking score covariate (p = 9.16 × 10-6), which replicates a previously observed PGC-PTSD-EWAS association (Smith et al. 2019), and yields evidence consistent with a smoking-independent effect. The top 100 EWAS loci were then examined in the PFC data. One of the blood-based PTSD loci, cg04130728 in CHST11, which was in the top 10 loci in blood, but which was not genome-wide significant, was significantly associated with PTSD in brain tissue (in blood p = 1.19 × 10-5, padj = 0.60, in brain, p = 0.00032 with the same direction of effect). Gene set enrichment analysis of the top 500 EWAS loci yielded several significant overlapping GO terms involved in pathogen response, including "Response to lipopolysaccharide" (p = 6.97 × 10-6, padj = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS The cross replication observed in independent cohorts is evidence that DNA methylation in peripheral tissue can yield consistent and replicable PTSD associations, and our results also suggest that that some PTSD associations observed in peripheral tissue may mirror associations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Logue
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222,Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mark W. Miller
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Erika J. Wolf
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Bertrand Russ Huber
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Filomene G. Morrison
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yuanchao Zheng
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.240206.20000 0000 8795 072XMcLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,Cohen Veterans Bioscience, Cambridge, MA USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Andrew Ratanatharathorn
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Monica Uddin
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XGenomics Program, University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285X,Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Program, University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Caroline M. Nievergelt
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- grid.189509.c0000000100241216Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.410332.70000 0004 0419 9846Research, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC USA ,grid.281208.10000 0004 0419 3073Genetics Research Laboratory, VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC USA
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- grid.189509.c0000000100241216Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Marco P. Boks
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Elbert Geuze
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, Utrecht Netherlands ,Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Netherlands Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Gerald A. Grant
- grid.240952.80000000087342732Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- grid.189509.c0000000100241216Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- grid.410332.70000 0004 0419 9846Research, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC USA ,grid.281208.10000 0004 0419 3073Genetics Research Laboratory, VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Adam X. Maihofer
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.189509.c0000000100241216Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Xue-Jun Qin
- grid.189509.c0000000100241216Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Victoria B. Risbrough
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Bart P. F. Rutten
- grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum, Maastricht, Limburg Netherlands
| | - Murray B. Stein
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.410371.00000 0004 0419 2708Million Veteran Program, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Robert J. Ursano
- grid.265436.00000 0001 0421 5525Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Eric Vermetten
- Arq, Psychotrauma Reseach Expert Group, Diemen, NH Netherlands ,grid.10419.3d0000000089452978Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, ZH Netherlands ,Netherlands Defense Department, Research Center, Utrecht, UT Netherlands ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Christiaan H. Vinkers
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Amsterdam, Holland Netherlands ,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Amsterdam, Holland Netherlands
| | - Erin B. Ware
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Michigan, MI USA
| | - Annjanette Stone
- grid.413916.80000 0004 0419 1545Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Steven A. Schichman
- grid.413916.80000 0004 0419 1545Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Regina E. McGlinchey
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Health Care System, Boston, MA USA
| | - William P. Milberg
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Health Care System, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jasmeet P. Hayes
- grid.410370.10000 0004 4657 1992National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Psychology and Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.475010.70000 0004 0367 5222Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
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18
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Maul S, Giegling I, Fabbri C, Corponi F, Serretti A, Rujescu D. Genetics of resilience: Implications from genome-wide association studies and candidate genes of the stress response system in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:77-94. [PMID: 31583809 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is the ability to cope with critical situations through the use of personal and socially mediated resources. Since a lack of resilience increases the risk of developing stress-related psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), a better understanding of the biological background is of great value to provide better prevention and treatment options. Resilience is undeniably influenced by genetic factors, but very little is known about the exact underlying mechanisms. A recently published genome-wide association study (GWAS) on resilience has identified three new susceptibility loci, DCLK2, KLHL36, and SLC15A5. Further interesting results can be found in association analyses of gene variants of the stress response system, which is closely related to resilience, and PTSD and MDD. Several promising genes, such as the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene, the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) suggest gene × environment interaction between genetic variants, childhood adversity, and the occurrence of PTSD and MDD, indicating an impact of these genes on resilience. GWAS on PTSD and MDD provide another approach to identifying new disease-associated loci and, although the functional significance for disease development for most of these risk genes is still unknown, they are potential candidates due to the overlap of stress-related psychiatric disorders and resilience. In the future, it will be important for genetic studies to focus more on resilience than on pathological phenotypes, to develop reasonable concepts for measuring resilience, and to establish international cooperations to generate sufficiently large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Maul
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Corponi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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19
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Conrad D, Wilker S, Schneider A, Karabatsiakis A, Pfeiffer A, Kolassa S, Freytag V, Vukojevic V, Vogler C, Milnik A, Papassotiropoulos A, J.‐F. de Quervain D, Elbert T, Kolassa I. Integrated genetic, epigenetic, and gene set enrichment analyses identify NOTCH as a potential mediator for PTSD risk after trauma: Results from two independent African cohorts. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13288. [PMID: 30328613 PMCID: PMC7379258 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases with the number of traumatic event types experienced (trauma load) in interaction with other psychobiological risk factors. The NOTCH (neurogenic locus notch homolog proteins) signaling pathway, consisting of four different trans-membrane receptor proteins (NOTCH1-4), constitutes an evolutionarily well-conserved intercellular communication pathway (involved, e.g., in cell-cell interaction, inflammatory signaling, and learning processes). Its association with fear memory consolidation makes it an interesting candidate for PTSD research. We tested for significant associations of common genetic variants of NOTCH1-4 (investigated by microarray) and genomic methylation of saliva-derived DNA with lifetime PTSD risk in independent cohorts from Northern Uganda (N1 = 924) and Rwanda (N2 = 371), and investigated whether NOTCH-related gene sets were enriched for associations with lifetime PTSD risk. We found associations of lifetime PTSD risk with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2074621 (NOTCH3) (puncorrected = 0.04) in both cohorts, and with methylation of CpG site cg17519949 (NOTCH3) (puncorrected = 0.05) in Rwandans. Yet, none of the (epi-)genetic associations survived multiple testing correction. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed enrichment for associations of two NOTCH pathways with lifetime PTSD risk in Ugandans: NOTCH binding (pcorrected = 0.003) and NOTCH receptor processing (pcorrected = 0.01). The environmental factor trauma load was significant in all analyses (all p < 0.001). Our integrated methodological approach suggests NOTCH as a possible mediator of PTSD risk after trauma. The results require replication, and the precise underlying pathophysiological mechanisms should be illuminated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Conrad
- Clinical Psychology and NeuropsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Sarah Wilker
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Anna Schneider
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Anett Pfeiffer
- Clinical Psychology and NeuropsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | | | - Virginie Freytag
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Vanja Vukojevic
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training FacilityUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christian Vogler
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Annette Milnik
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training FacilityUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Dominique J.‐F. de Quervain
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Division of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Elbert
- Clinical Psychology and NeuropsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Iris‐Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
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20
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Howie H, Rijal CM, Ressler KJ. A review of epigenetic contributions
to post-traumatic stress disorder
. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 21:417-428. [PMID: 31949409 PMCID: PMC6952751 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2019.21.4/kressler] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome which serves as a classic example of psychiatric disorders that result from the intersection of nature and nurture, or gene and environment. By definition, PTSD requires the experience of a traumatic exposure, and yet data suggest that the risk for PTSD in the aftermath of trauma also has a heritable (genetic) component. Thus, PTSD appears to require both a biological (genetic) predisposition that differentially alters how the individual responds to or recovers from trauma exposure. Epigenetics is defined as the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself, and more recently it has come to refer to direct alteration of DNA regulation, but without altering the primary sequence of DNA, or the genetic code. With regards to PTSD, epigenetics provides one way for environmental exposure to be "written" upon the genome, as a direct result of gene and environment (trauma) interactions. This review provides an overview of the main currently understood types of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone regulation of chromatin, and noncoding RNA regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, we examine recent literature related to how these methods of epigenetic regulation may be involved in differential risk and resilience for PTSD in the aftermath of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Howie
- Aartners Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts, US; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, US
| | - Chuda M Rijal
- Partners Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts, US; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, US
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Partners Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts, US; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US
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21
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Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster foraging (for) gene is a well-established example of a gene with major effects on behavior and natural variation. This gene is best known for underlying the behavioral strategies of rover and sitter foraging larvae, having been mapped and named for this phenotype. Nevertheless, in the last three decades an extensive array of studies describing for's role as a modifier of behavior in a wide range of phenotypes, in both Drosophila and other organisms, has emerged. Furthermore, recent work reveals new insights into the genetic and molecular underpinnings of how for affects these phenotypes. In this article, we discuss the history of the for gene and its role in natural variation in behavior, plasticity, and behavioral pleiotropy, with special attention to recent findings on the molecular structure and transcriptional regulation of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Anreiter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada;
| | - Marla B Sokolowski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada;
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22
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Meier SM, Trontti K, Purves KL, Als TD, Grove J, Laine M, Pedersen MG, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bækved-Hansen M, Sokolowska E, Mortensen PB, Hougaard DM, Werge T, Nordentoft M, Breen G, Børglum AD, Eley TC, Hovatta I, Mattheisen M, Mors O. Genetic Variants Associated With Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders: A Genome-Wide Association Study and Mouse-Model Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:924-932. [PMID: 31116379 PMCID: PMC6537792 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Anxiety and stress-related disorders are among the most common mental disorders. Although family and twin studies indicate that both genetic and environmental factors play an important role underlying their etiology, the genetic underpinnings of anxiety and stress-related disorders are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To estimate the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability of anxiety and stress-related disorders; to identify novel genetic risk variants, genes, or biological pathways; to test for pleiotropic associations with other psychiatric traits; and to evaluate the association of psychiatric comorbidities with genetic findings. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS This genome-wide association study included individuals with various anxiety and stress-related diagnoses and controls derived from the population-based Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) study. Lifetime diagnoses of anxiety and stress-related disorders were obtained through the national Danish registers. Genes of interest were further evaluated in mice exposed to chronic social defeat. The study was conducted between June 2016 and November 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Diagnoses of a relatively broad diagnostic spectrum of anxiety and stress-related disorders. RESULTS The study sample included 12 655 individuals with various anxiety and stress-related diagnoses and 19 225 controls. Overall, 17 740 study participants (55.6%) were women. A total of 7308 participants (22.9%) were born between 1981-1985, 8840 (27.7%) between 1986-1990, 8157 (25.6%) between 1991-1995, 5918 (18.6%) between 1996-2000, and 1657 (5.2%) between 2001-2005. Standard association analysis revealed variants in PDE4B to be associated with anxiety and stress-related disorder (rs7528604; P = 5.39 × 10-11; odds ratio = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.86-0.92). A framework of sensitivity analyses adjusting for mental comorbidity supported this result showing consistent association of PDE4B variants with anxiety and stress-related disorder across analytical scenarios. In mouse models, alterations in Pde4b expression were observed in those mice displaying anxiety-like behavior after exposure to chronic stress in the prefrontal cortex (P = .002; t = -3.33) and the hippocampus (P = .001; t = -3.72). We also found a single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability of 28% (standard error = 0.027) and that the genetic signature of anxiety and stress-related overlapped with psychiatric traits, educational outcomes, obesity-related phenotypes, smoking, and reproductive success. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study highlights anxiety and stress-related disorders as complex heritable phenotypes with intriguing genetic correlations not only with psychiatric traits, but also with educational outcomes and multiple obesity-related phenotypes. Furthermore, we highlight the candidate gene PDE4B as a robust risk locus pointing to the potential of PDE4B inhibitors in treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Meier
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,now with the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kalevi Trontti
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, and SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirstin L. Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Damm Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikaela Laine
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, and SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækved-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sokolowska
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, and SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Preben B. Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Centre for integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David M. Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Danish Centre for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Medicum, and SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark,The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Wu P, Wang K, Yang Q, Zhou J, Chen D, Liu Y, Ma J, Tang Q, Jin L, Xiao W, Lou P, Jiang A, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Li M, Li X, Tang G. Whole-genome re-sequencing association study for direct genetic effects and social genetic effects of six growth traits in Large White pigs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9667. [PMID: 31273229 PMCID: PMC6609718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Socially affected traits are affected by direct genetic effects (DGE) and social genetic effects (SGE). DGE and SGE of an individual directly quantify the genetic influence of its own phenotypes and the phenotypes of other individuals, respectively. In the current study, a total of 3,276 Large White pigs from different pens were used, and each pen contained 10 piglets. DGE and SGE were estimated for six socially affected traits, and then a GWAS was conducted to identify SNPs associated with DGE and SGE. Based on the whole-genome re-sequencing, 40 Large White pigs were genotyped and 10,501,384 high quality SNPs were retained for single-locus and multi-locus GWAS. For single-locus GWAS, a total of 54 SNPs associated with DGE and 33 SNPs with SGE exceeded the threshold (P < 5.00E-07) were detected for six growth traits. Of these, 22 SNPs with pleiotropic effects were shared by DGE and SGE. For multi-locus GWAS, a total of 72 and 110 putative QTNs were detected for DGE and SGE, respectively. Of these, 5 SNPs with pleiotropic effects were shared by DGE and SGE. It is noteworthy that 2 SNPs (SSC8: 16438396 for DGE and SSC17: 9697454 for SGE) were detected in single-locus and multi-locus GWAS. Furthermore, 15 positional candidate genes shared by SGE and DGE were identified because of their roles in behaviour, health and disease. Identification of genetic variants and candidate genes for DGE and SGE for socially affected traits will provide a new insight to understand the genetic architecture of socially affected traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxian Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dejuan Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihui Liu
- Sichuan Animal Husbandry Station, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihang Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pinger Lou
- Zhejiang Tianpeng Group Co., Ltd., Jiangshan, 324111, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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24
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Tanaka M, Li H, Zhang X, Singh J, Dalgard CL, Wilkerson M, Zhang Y. Region- and time-dependent gene regulation in the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex of a PTSD-like mouse model. Mol Brain 2019; 12:25. [PMID: 30922409 PMCID: PMC6438009 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder is developed by exposure to a threatening and/or a horrifying event and characterized by the presence of anxiety, hyperarousal, avoidance, and sleep abnormality for a prolonged period of time. To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms, we constructed a mouse model by electric foot shock followed by situational reminders and performed transcriptome analysis in brain tissues. The stressed mice acquired anxiety-like behavior after 2 weeks and exaggerated startle response after 4 weeks. Avoidance latency and freezing behavior were sustained up to 5 weeks post stress and abnormal static behavior was observed during the sleep period. RNA sequencing was performed in two of the emotional regulatory regions, anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala, at 2 and 5 weeks post stress. More than 1000 differentially expressed genes were identified at 2 weeks in both regions. The number of the regulated genes remained constant in amygdala at 5 weeks post stress, whereas those in anterior cingulate cortex were plummeted. Although synaptic remodeling and endocrine system were the most enriched signaling pathways in both anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala, the individual gene expression profile was regulated in a region- and time-dependent manner. In addition, several genes associated with PTSD involved in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis were differentially regulated. These findings suggested that global gene expression profile was dynamically regulated in accordance with the disease development stage, and therefore targeting the distinct signaling molecules in different region and development stage might be critical for effective treatment to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiei Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Hongyun Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Matthew Wilkerson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP), Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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25
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Sharma S, Ressler KJ. Genomic updates in understanding PTSD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 90:197-203. [PMID: 30452941 PMCID: PMC6431237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies as well as more recent genetics-based heritability analyses demonstrate that up to 40 to 50% of the variance in predicting PTSD following trauma is heritable. However, most of the specific gene pathways and mechanism that mediate risk vs. resilience for PTSD following trauma exposure have yet to be elucidated. This review will examine the latest results from large scale Genome-wide association studies as well as other approaches aimed at understanding mechanisms of development of and recovery from PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Sharma
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; McLean Hospital, Division of Depression and Anxiety, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- McLean Hospital, Division of Depression and Anxiety, Belmont, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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26
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Radhakrishnan K, Aslan M, Harrington KM, Pietrzak RH, Huang G, Muralidhar S, Cho K, Quaden R, Gagnon D, Pyarajan S, Sun N, Zhao H, Gaziano M, Concato J, Stein MB, Gelernter J. Genomics of posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans: Methods and rationale for Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #575B. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2019; 28:e1767. [PMID: 30767326 PMCID: PMC6877159 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heritability in the risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been established, but most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of PTSD involve relatively small sample sizes and limited identification of associated genetic loci. This report describes the methodology of a Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program GWAS of PTSD among combat-exposed U.S. veterans. METHODS Probable cases (with PTSD) and probable controls (without PTSD) were identified from among veterans enrolled in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) with an algorithm developed using questionnaire responses and electronic health record information. This algorithm, based on a statistical model, relied on medical chart reviews as a reference standard and was refined using telephone interviews. Subsequently, to evaluate the impact of probabilistic phenotyping on statistical power, the threshold probability for case-control selection was varied in simulations. RESULTS As of September 2018, >695,000 veterans have enrolled in MVP. For current analyses, genotyping data were available for >353,000 participants, including >83,000 combat-exposed veterans. A threshold probability of 0.7 for case and control designation yielded an interim >16,000 cases and >33,000 controls. CONCLUSIONS A formal methodological approach was used to identify cases and controls for subsequent GWAS analyses to identify genetic risk loci for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Radhakrishnan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC)VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
- College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Mihaela Aslan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC)VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
- School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Kelly M. Harrington
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC)VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
- School of MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC)VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences DivisionVA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Grant Huang
- Office of Research and DevelopmentVeterans Health AdministrationWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Sumitra Muralidhar
- Office of Research and DevelopmentVeterans Health AdministrationWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC)VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rachel Quaden
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC)VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David Gagnon
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC)VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
- School of Public HealthBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC)VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ning Sun
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC)VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
- School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC)VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
- School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC)VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John Concato
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC)VA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
- School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- School of MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Psychiatry ServiceVA Connecticut Healthcare SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
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27
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Concordance of genetic variation that increases risk for anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorders and that influences their underlying neurocircuitry. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:885-896. [PMID: 30699873 PMCID: PMC6519055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been considerable recent advances in understanding the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as the underlying neurocircuitry of these disorders. However, there is little work on the concordance of genetic variations that increase risk for these conditions, and that influence subcortical brain structures. We undertook a genome-wide investigation of the overlap between the genetic influences from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on volumes of subcortical brain structures and genetic risk for anxiety disorders and PTSD. METHOD We obtained summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of anxiety disorders (Ncases = 7016, Ncontrols = 14,745), PTSD (European sample; Ncases = 2424, Ncontrols = 7113) and of subcortical brain structures (N = 13,171). SNP Effect Concordance Analysis (SECA) and Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) Score Regression were used to examine genetic pleiotropy, concordance, and genome-wide correlations respectively. SECAs conditional false discovery was used to identify specific risk variants associated with anxiety disorders or PTSD when conditioning on brain related traits. RESULTS For anxiety disorders, we found evidence of significant concordance between increased anxiety risk variants and variants associated with smaller amygdala volume. Further, by conditioning on brain volume GWAS, we identified novel variants that associate with smaller brain volumes and increase risk for disorders: rs56242606 was found to increase risk for anxiety disorders, while two variants (rs6470292 and rs683250) increase risk for PTSD, when conditioning on the GWAS of putamen volume. LIMITATIONS Despite using the largest available GWAS summary statistics, the analyses were limited by sample size. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data indicate that there is genome wide concordance between genetic risk factors for anxiety disorders and those for smaller amygdala volume, which is consistent with research that supports the involvement of the amygdala in anxiety disorders. It is notable that a genetic variant that contributes to both reduced putamen volume and PTSD plays a key role in the glutamatergic system. Further work with GWAS summary statistics from larger samples, and a more extensive look at the genetics underlying brain circuits, is needed to fully delineate the genetic architecture of these disorders and their underlying neurocircuitry.
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28
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Blacker CJ, Frye MA, Morava E, Kozicz T, Veldic M. A Review of Epigenetics of PTSD in Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020140. [PMID: 30781888 PMCID: PMC6410143 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an acquired psychiatric disorder with functionally impairing physiological and psychological symptoms following a traumatic exposure. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors act together to determine both an individual's susceptibility to PTSD and its clinical phenotype. In this literature review, we briefly review the candidate genes that have been implicated in the development and severity of the PTSD phenotype. We discuss the importance of the epigenetic regulation of these candidate genes. We review the general epigenetic mechanisms that are currently understood, with examples of each in the PTSD phenotype. Our focus then turns to studies that have examined PTSD in the context of comorbid psychiatric disorders or associated social and behavioral stressors. We examine the epigenetic variation in cases or models of PTSD with comorbid depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders. We reviewed the literature that has explored epigenetic regulation in PTSD in adverse childhood experiences and suicide phenotypes. Finally, we review some of the information available from studies of the transgenerational transmission of epigenetic variation in maternal cases of PTSD. We discuss areas pertinent for future study to further elucidate the complex interactions between epigenetic modifications and this complex psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren J Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Eva Morava
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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29
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Nedic Erjavec G, Svob Strac D, Tudor L, Konjevod M, Sagud M, Pivac N. Genetic Markers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:53-93. [PMID: 31705490 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders such as addiction (substance use and addictive disorders), depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are severe, complex, multifactorial mental disorders that carry a high social impact, enormous public health costs, and various comorbidities as well as premature morbidity. Their neurobiological foundation is still not clear. Therefore, it is difficult to uncover new set of genes and possible genetic markers of these disorders since the understanding of the molecular imbalance leading to these disorders is not complete. The integrative approach is needed which will combine genomics and epigenomics; evaluate epigenetic influence on genes and their influence on neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and hormones; examine gene × gene and gene × environment interplay; and identify abnormalities contributing to development of these disorders. Therefore, novel genetic approaches based on systems biology focused on improvement of the identification of the biological underpinnings might offer genetic markers of addiction, depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and PTSD. These markers might be used for early prediction, detection of the risk to develop these disorders, novel subtypes of the diseases and tailored, personalized approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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30
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Mehta D, Czamara D. GWAS of Behavioral Traits. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 42:1-34. [PMID: 31407241 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have evolved into a powerful tool to investigate genetic risk factors for human diseases via a hypothesis-free scan of the genome. The success of GWAS for psychiatric disorders and behavioral traits have been somewhat mixed, partly owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of these traits. Significant progress has been made in the last few years in the development and implementation of complex statistical methods and algorithms incorporating GWAS. Such advanced statistical methods applied to GWAS hits in combination with incorporation of different layers of genomics data have catapulted the search for novel genes for behavioral traits and improved our understanding of the complex polygenic architecture of these traits.This chapter will give a brief overview on GWAS and statistical methods currently used in GWAS. The chapter will focus on reviewing the current literature and highlight some of the most important GWAS on psychiatric and other behavioral traits and will conclude with a discussion on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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31
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Wilker S, Schneider A, Conrad D, Pfeiffer A, Boeck C, Lingenfelder B, Freytag V, Vukojevic V, Vogler C, Milnik A, Papassotiropoulos A, J.-F. de Quervain D, Elbert T, Kolassa S, Kolassa IT. Genetic variation is associated with PTSD risk and aversive memory: Evidence from two trauma-Exposed African samples and one healthy European sample. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:251. [PMID: 30467376 PMCID: PMC6250662 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The probability to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by vivid, intrusive emotional memories of the encountered traumatic events, depends - among other factors - on the number of previous traumatic experiences (traumatic load) and individual genetic vulnerability. So far, our knowledge regarding the biological underpinnings of PTSD is relatively sparse. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) followed by independent replication might help to discover novel, so far unknown biological mechanisms associated with the development of traumatic memories. Here, a GWAS was conducted in N = 924 Northern Ugandan rebel war survivors and identified seven suggestively significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; p ≤ 1 × 10-5) for lifetime PTSD risk. Of these seven SNPs, the association of rs3852144 on chromosome 5 was replicated in an independent sample of Rwandan genocide survivors (N = 370, p < .01). While PTSD risk increased with accumulating traumatic experiences, the vulnerability was reduced in carriers of the minor G-allele in an additive manner. Correspondingly, memory for aversive pictures decreased with higher number of the minor G-allele in a sample of N = 2698 healthy Swiss individuals. Finally, investigations on N = 90 PTSD patients treated with Narrative Exposure Therapy indicated an additive effect of genotype on PTSD symptom change from pre-treatment to four months after treatment, but not between pre-treatment and the 10-months follow-up. In conclusion, emotional memory formation seems to decline with increasing number of rs3852144 G-alleles, rendering individuals more resilient to PTSD development. However, the impact on therapy outcome remains preliminary and further research is needed to determine how this intronic marker may affect memory processes in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilker
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anna Schneider
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Daniela Conrad
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. .,Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Anett Pfeiffer
- 0000 0001 0658 7699grid.9811.1Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christina Boeck
- 0000 0004 1936 9748grid.6582.9Clinical & Biological Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birke Lingenfelder
- 0000 0001 0658 7699grid.9811.1Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Virginie Freytag
- 0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanja Vukojevic
- 0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Vogler
- 0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annette Milnik
- 0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- 0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J.-F. de Quervain
- 0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ,0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Elbert
- 0000 0001 0658 7699grid.9811.1Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Kimbrel NA, Garrett ME, Dennis MF, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE, Beckham JC. A genome-wide association study of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in U.S. military veterans. Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:64-69. [PMID: 30145303 PMCID: PMC6207450 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Death by suicide and suicidal behavior are major concerns among U.S. military veterans; however, no genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies of suicidal behavior have been conducted among U.S. military veterans to date, despite the elevated rate of suicidal behavior observed within this population. Accordingly, the primary objective of the present research was to conduct the first GWAS of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in a large and well-characterized sample of U.S. military veterans. The gene most significantly associated (p = 9.28 × 10-7) with suicide attempts was the Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily M Regulatory Beta Subunit 2 (KCNMB2) gene, which plays a key role in neuronal excitability. In addition, replication analyses provided additional support for the potential role of the ABI Family Member 3 Binding Protein (ABI3BP) gene in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior, as numerous nominal associations were found between this gene and both suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. Additional work aimed at replicating and extending these findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to: Dr. Nathan A. Kimbrel, VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 3022 Croasdaile Drive, Durham, NC, 27705,
| | | | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Fenster RJ, Lebois LAM, Ressler KJ, Suh J. Brain circuit dysfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder: from mouse to man. Nat Rev Neurosci 2018; 19:535-551. [PMID: 30054570 PMCID: PMC6148363 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, debilitating and sometimes deadly consequence of exposure to severe psychological trauma. Although effective treatments exist for some individuals, they are limited. New approaches to intervention, treatment and prevention are therefore much needed. In the past few years, the field has rapidly developed a greater understanding of the dysfunctional brain circuits underlying PTSD, a shift in understanding that has been made possible by technological revolutions that have allowed the observation and perturbation of the macrocircuits and microcircuits thought to underlie PTSD-related symptoms. These advances have allowed us to gain a more translational knowledge of PTSD, have provided further insights into the mechanisms of risk and resilience and offer promising avenues for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Fenster
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Junghyup Suh
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
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Wolf EJ, Maniates H, Nugent N, Maihofer AX, Armstrong D, Ratanatharathorn A, Ashley-Koch AE, Garrett M, Kimbrel NA, Lori A, Aiello AE, Baker DG, Beckham JC, Boks MP, Galea S, Geuze E, Hauser MA, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, Miller MW, Ressler KJ, Risbrough V, Rutten BP, Stein MB, Ursano RJ, Vermetten E, Vinkers CH, Uddin M, Smith AK, Nievergelt CM, Logue MW. Traumatic stress and accelerated DNA methylation age: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 92:123-134. [PMID: 29452766 PMCID: PMC5924645 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies examining the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and accelerated aging, as defined by DNA methylation-based estimates of cellular age that exceed chronological age, have yielded mixed results. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of trauma exposure and PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity in association with accelerated DNA methylation age using data from 9 cohorts contributing to the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium PTSD Epigenetics Workgroup (combined N = 2186). Associations between demographic and cellular variables and accelerated DNA methylation age were also examined, as was the moderating influence of demographic variables. RESULTS Meta-analysis of regression coefficients from contributing cohorts revealed that childhood trauma exposure (when measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and lifetime PTSD severity evidenced significant, albeit small, meta-analytic associations with accelerated DNA methylation age (ps = 0.028 and 0.016, respectively). Sex, CD4T cell proportions, and natural killer cell proportions were also significantly associated with accelerated DNA methylation age (all ps < 0.02). PTSD diagnosis and lifetime trauma exposure were not associated with advanced DNA methylation age. There was no evidence of moderation of the trauma or PTSD variables by demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that traumatic stress is associated with advanced epigenetic age and raise the possibility that cells integral to immune system maintenance and responsivity play a role in this. This study highlights the need for additional research into the biological mechanisms linking traumatic stress to accelerated DNA methylation age and the importance of furthering our understanding of the neurobiological and health consequences of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J. Wolf
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | | | - Nicole Nugent
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Pediatrics, Brown Medical School
| | | | - Don Armstrong
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
| | | | | | - Melanie Garrett
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center,VA Mid-Atlantic, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center,Durham VA Medical Center
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | | | - Allison E. Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center,VA Mid-Atlantic, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center,Durham VA Medical Center
| | - Marco P. Boks
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | - Elbert Geuze
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht the Netherlands,Ministry of Defence, Military Mental Healthcare, Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology,Massachusetts General Hospital, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, and Department of Psychiatry
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Risbrough
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health
| | - Bart P.F. Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience and the European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Murray B. Stein
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,University of California San Diego, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health
| | - Robert J. Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Eric Vermetten
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht the Netherlands,Ministry of Defence, Military Mental Healthcare, Utrecht the Netherlands,Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group
| | - Christiaan H. Vinkers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Monica Uddin
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology,University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University
| | - Caroline M. Nievergelt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System,Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health
| | - Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine,Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine
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Nievergelt CM, Ashley-Koch AE, Dalvie S, Hauser MA, Morey RA, Smith AK, Uddin M. Genomic Approaches to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Psychiatric Genomic Consortium Initiative. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:831-839. [PMID: 29555185 PMCID: PMC5915904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to a traumatic event is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder. Heritability estimates from twin studies as well as from recent molecular data (single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability) indicate moderate to high heritability, yet robust genetic variants for PTSD have not yet been identified and the genetic architecture of this polygenic disorder remains largely unknown. To date, fewer than 10 large-scale genome-wide association studies of PTSD have been published, with findings that highlight the unique challenges for PTSD genomics, including a complex diagnostic entity with contingency of PTSD diagnosis on trauma exposure and the large genetic diversity of the study populations. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium PTSD group has brought together more than 200 scientists with the goal to increase sample size for genome-wide association studies and other genomic analyses to sufficient numbers where robust discoveries of molecular signatures can be achieved. The sample currently includes more than 32,000 PTSD cases and 100,000 trauma-exposed control subjects, and collection is ongoing. The first results found a significant shared genetic risk of PTSD with other psychiatric disorders and sex-biased heritability estimates with higher heritability in female individuals compared with male individuals. This review describes the scope and current focus of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium PTSD group and its expansion from the initial genome-wide association study group to nine working groups, including epigenetics, gene expression, imaging, and integrative systems biology. We further briefly outline recent findings and future directions of "omics"-based studies of PTSD, with the ultimate goal of elucidating the molecular architecture of this complex disorder to improve prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Nievergelt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health
| | | | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC 27710, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Emory University, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,Emory University, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
| | - Monica Uddin
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology,University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Following a life-threatening traumatic exposure, about 10% of those exposed are at considerable risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a severe and disabling syndrome characterized by uncontrollable intrusive memories, nightmares, avoidance behaviors, and hyperarousal in addition to impaired cognition and negative emotion symptoms. This review will explore recent genetic and epigenetic approaches to PTSD that explain some of the differential risk following trauma exposure. RECENT FINDINGS A substantial portion of the variance explaining differential risk responses to trauma exposure may be explained by differential inherited and acquired genetic and epigenetic risk. This biological risk is complemented by alterations in the functional regulation of genes via environmentally induced epigenetic changes, including prior childhood and adult trauma exposure. This review will cover recent findings from large-scale genome-wide association studies as well as newer epigenome-wide studies. We will also discuss future "phenome-wide" studies utilizing electronic medical records as well as targeted genetic studies focusing on mechanistic ways in which specific genetic or epigenetic alterations regulate the biological risk for PTSD.
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Maron E, Lan CC, Nutt D. Imaging and Genetic Approaches to Inform Biomarkers for Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, and PSTD. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2018; 40:219-292. [PMID: 29796838 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2018_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem in the world and also claim the highest health care cost among various neuropsychiatric disorders. Anxiety disorders have a chronic and recurrent course and cause significantly negative impacts on patients' social, personal, and occupational functioning as well as quality of life. Despite their high prevalence rates, anxiety disorders have often been under-diagnosed or misdiagnosed, and consequently under-treated. Even with the correct diagnosis, anxiety disorders are known to be difficult to treat successfully. In order to implement better strategies in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment decision, and early prevention for anxiety disorders, tremendous efforts have been put into studies using genetic and neuroimaging techniques to advance our understandings of the underlying biological mechanisms. In addition to anxiety disorders including panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobias, social anxiety disorders (SAD), due to overlapping symptom dimensions, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (which were removed from the anxiety disorder category in DSM-5 to become separate categories) are also included for review of relevant genetic and neuroimaging findings. Although the number of genetic or neuroimaging studies focusing on anxiety disorders is relatively small compare to other psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders or mood disorders, various structural abnormalities in the grey or white matter, functional alterations of activity during resting-state or task conditions, molecular changes of neurotransmitter receptors or transporters, and genetic associations have all been reported. With continuing effort, further genetic and neuroimaging research may potentially lead to clinically useful biomarkers for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Maron
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Department of Psychiatry, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Chen-Chia Lan
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - David Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Academic Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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A genome-wide gene-by-trauma interaction study of alcohol misuse in two independent cohorts identifies PRKG1 as a risk locus. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:154-160. [PMID: 28265120 PMCID: PMC5589475 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic life experiences are associated with alcohol use problems, an association that is likely to be moderated by genetic predisposition. To understand these interactions, we conducted a gene-by-environment genome-wide interaction study (GEWIS) of alcohol use problems in two independent samples, the Army STARRS (STARRS, N=16 361) and the Yale-Penn (N=8084) cohorts. Because the two cohorts were assessed using different instruments, we derived separate dimensional alcohol misuse scales and applied a proxy-phenotype study design. In African-American subjects, we identified an interaction of PRKG1 rs1729578 with trauma exposure in the STARRS cohort and replicated its interaction with trauma exposure in the Yale-Penn cohort (discovery-replication meta-analysis: z=5.64, P=1.69 × 10-8). PRKG1 encodes cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase 1, which is involved in learning, memory and circadian rhythm regulation. Considering the loci identified in stage-1 that showed same effect directions in stage-2, the gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed several significant results, including calcium-activated potassium channels (GO:0016286; P=2.30 × 10-5), cognition (GO:0050890; P=1.90 × 10-6), locomotion (GO:0040011; P=6.70 × 10-5) and Stat3 protein regulation (GO:0042517; P=6.4 × 10-5). To our knowledge, this is the largest GEWIS performed in psychiatric genetics, and the first GEWIS examining risk for alcohol misuse. Our results add to a growing body of literature highlighting the dynamic impact of experience on individual genetic risk.
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An overview of posttraumatic stress disorder genetic studies by analyzing and integrating genetic data into genetic database PTSDgene. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:647-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Stein MB, Ware EB, Mitchell C, Chen C, Borja S, Cai T, Dempsey CL, Fullerton CS, Gelernter J, Heeringa SG, Jain S, Kessler RC, Naifeh JA, Nock MK, Ripke S, Sun X, Beckham JC, Kimbrel NA, Ursano RJ, Smoller JW. Genomewide association studies of suicide attempts in US soldiers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:786-797. [PMID: 28902444 PMCID: PMC5685938 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a global public health problem with particular resonance for the US military. Genetic risk factors for suicidality are of interest as indicators of susceptibility and potential targets for intervention. We utilized population-based nonclinical cohorts of US military personnel (discovery: N = 473 cases and N = 9778 control subjects; replication: N = 135 cases and N = 6879 control subjects) and a clinical case-control sample of recent suicide attempters (N = 51 cases and N = 112 control subjects) to conduct GWAS of suicide attempts (SA). Genomewide association was evaluated within each ancestral group (European-, African-, Latino-American) and study using logistic regression models. Meta-analysis of the European ancestry discovery samples revealed a genomewide significant locus in association with SA near MRAP2 (melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2) and CEP162 (centrosomal protein 162); 12 genomewide significant SNPs in the region; peak SNP rs12524136-T, OR = 2.88, p = 5.24E-10. These findings were not replicated in the European ancestry subsamples of the replication or suicide attempters samples. However, the association of the peak SNP remained significant in a meta-analysis of all studies and ancestral subgroups (OR = 2.18, 95%CI 1.70, 2.80). Polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses showed some association of SA with bipolar disorder. The association with SNPs encompassing MRAP2, a gene expressed in brain and adrenal cortex and involved in neural control of energy homeostasis, points to this locus as a plausible susceptibility gene for suicidality that should be further studied. Larger sample sizes will be needed to confirm and extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray B. Stein
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San Diego and VA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaCalifornia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Erin B. Ware
- Institute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Institute for Social ResearchUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Chia‐Yen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Susan Borja
- National Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMaryland
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | | | | | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and NeurobiologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut
| | | | - Sonia Jain
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - James A. Naifeh
- Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of PsychologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Duke University Health SystemDurhamNorth Carolina
- VA MIRECCDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Duke University Health SystemDurhamNorth Carolina
- VA MIRECCDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMaryland
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMassachusetts
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Morey RA, Davis SL, Garrett ME, Haswell CC, Marx CE, Beckham JC, McCarthy G, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE. Genome-wide association study of subcortical brain volume in PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1265. [PMID: 29187748 PMCID: PMC5802459 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the traumatic event, a significant fraction of trauma survivors subsequently develop PTSD. The additional variability in PTSD risk is expected to arise from genetic susceptibility. Unfortunately, several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have failed to identify a consistent genetic marker for PTSD. The heritability of intermediate phenotypes such as regional brain volumes is often 80% or higher. We conducted a GWAS of subcortical brain volumes in a sample of recent military veteran trauma survivors (n = 157), grouped into PTSD (n = 66) and non-PTSD controls (n = 91). Covariates included PTSD diagnosis, sex, intracranial volume, ancestry, childhood trauma, SNP×PTSD diagnosis, and SNP×childhood trauma. We identified several genetic markers in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs9373240 (p = 2.0 × 10-7, FDR q = 0.0375) that were associated with caudate volume. We also observed a significant interaction between rs9373240 and childhood trauma (p-values = 0.0007-0.002), whereby increased trauma exposure produced a stronger association between SNPs and increased caudate volume. We identified several SNPs in high LD with rs34043524, which is downstream of the TRAM1L1 gene that were associated with right lateral ventricular volume (p = 1.73 × 10-7; FDR q = 0.032) and were also associated with lifetime alcohol abuse or dependence (p = 2.49 × 10-7; FDR q = 0.0375). Finally, we identified several SNPs in high LD with rs13140180 (p = 2.58 × 10-7; FDR q = .0016), an intergenic region on chromosome 4, and several SNPs in the TMPRSS15 associated with right nucleus accumbens volume (p = 2.58 × 10-7; FDR q = 0.017). Both TRAM1L1 and TMPRSS15 have been previously implicated in neuronal function. Key results survived genome-wide multiple-testing correction in our sample. Leveraging neuroimaging phenotypes may offer a shortcut, relative to clinical phenotypes, in mapping the genetic architecture and neurobiological pathways of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra A Morey
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Sarah L Davis
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney C Haswell
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine E Marx
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean C Beckham
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Michael A Hauser
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VAMC, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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Mehta D, Bruenig D, Carrillo-Roa T, Lawford B, Harvey W, Morris CP, Smith AK, Binder EB, Young RM, Voisey J. Genomewide DNA methylation analysis in combat veterans reveals a novel locus for PTSD. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:493-505. [PMID: 28795405 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation may play a key role in the aetiology and serve as biomarkers for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We performed a genomewide analysis to identify genes whose DNA methylation levels are associated with PTSD. METHOD A total of 211 individuals comprising Australian male Vietnam War veterans (n = 96) and males from a general population belonging to the Grady Trauma Project (n = 115) were included. Genomewide DNA methylation was performed from peripheral blood using the Illumina arrays. Data analysis was performed using generalized linear regression models. RESULTS Differential DNA methylation of 17 previously reported PTSD candidate genes was associated with PTSD symptom severity. Genomewide analyses revealed CpG sites spanning BRSK1, LCN8, NFG and DOCK2 genes were associated with PTSD symptom severity. We replicated the findings of DOCK2 in an independent cohort. Pathway analysis revealed that among the associated genes, genes within actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion molecular pathways were enriched. CONCLUSION These data highlight the role of DNA methylation as biomarkers of PTSD. The results support the role of previous candidates and uncover novel genes associated with PTSD, such as DOCK2. This study contributes to our understanding of the biological underpinnings of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mehta
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - D Bruenig
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
| | - T Carrillo-Roa
- Department of Translational Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - B Lawford
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - W Harvey
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
| | - C P Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - A K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E B Binder
- Department of Translational Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R McD Young
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J Voisey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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Carvalho CM, Coimbra BM, Ota VK, Mello MF, Belangero SI. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:671-682. [PMID: 28686326 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric disorder. The etiology of PTSD is multifactorial, depending on many environmental and genetic risk factors, and the exposure to life or physical integrity-threatening events. Several studies have shown significant correlations of many neurobiological findings with PTSD. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction is strongly correlated with this disorder. One hypothesis is that HPA axis dysfunction may precede the traumatic event, suggesting that genes expressed in the HPA axis may be involved in the development of PTSD. This article reviews molecular genetic studies related to PTSD collected through a literature search performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The results of these studies suggest that several polymorphisms in the HPA axis genes, including FKBP5, NR3C1, CRHR1, and CRHR2, may be risk factors for PTSD development or may be associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,LINC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Coimbra
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa K Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,LINC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,LINC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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44
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Brancu M, Wagner HR, Morey RA, Beckham JC, Calhoun PS, Tupler LA, Marx CE, Taber KH, Hurley RA, Rowland J, McDonald SD, Hoerle JM, Moore SD, Kudler HS, Weiner RD, Fairbank JA. The Post-Deployment Mental Health (PDMH) study and repository: A multi-site study of US Afghanistan and Iraq era veterans. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2017; 26:e1570. [PMID: 28656593 PMCID: PMC6492939 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Post-Deployment Mental Health (PDMH) multi-site study examines post-deployment mental health in US military Afghanistan/Iraq-era veterans. The study includes the comprehensive behavioral health characterization of over 3600 study participants and the genetic, metabolomic, neurocognitive, and neuroimaging data for many of the participants. The study design also incorporates an infrastructure for a data repository to re-contact participants for follow-up studies. The overwhelming majority (94%) of participants consented to be re-contacted for future studies, and our recently completed feasibility study indicates that 73-83% of these participants could be reached successfully for enrollment into longitudinal follow-up investigations. Longitudinal concurrent cohort follow-up studies will be conducted (5-10+ years post-baseline) to examine predictors of illness chronicity, resilience, recovery, functional outcome, and other variables, and will include neuroimaging, genetic/epigenetic, serum biomarker, and neurocognitive studies, among others. To date, the PDMH study has generated more than 35 publications from the baseline data and the repository has been leveraged in over 20 publications from follow-up studies drawing from this cohort. Limitations that may affect data collection for a longitudinal follow-up study are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Brancu
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - H. Ryan Wagner
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Larry A. Tupler
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Katherine H. Taber
- W.G. Hefner VA Medical CenterSalisburyNorth CarolinaUSA
- Division of Biomedical SciencesEdward Via College of Osteopathic MedicineBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Robin A. Hurley
- W.G. Hefner VA Medical CenterSalisburyNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of RadiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jared Rowland
- W.G. Hefner VA Medical CenterSalisburyNorth CarolinaUSA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Neurobiology and AnatomyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Scott D. McDonald
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Departments of Psychology and Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Scott D. Moore
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Harold S. Kudler
- Mental Health ServicesUS Department of Veterans AffairsWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Richard D. Weiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - John A. Fairbank
- Durham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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Need AC, Goldstein DB. Neuropsychiatric genomics in precision medicine: diagnostics, gene discovery, and translation. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 27757059 PMCID: PMC5067142 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2016.18.3/aneed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Only a few years after its development, next-generation sequencing is rapidly becoming an essential part of clinical care for patients with serious neurological conditions, especially in the diagnosis of early-onset and severe presentations. Beyond this diagnostic role, there has been an explosion in definitive gene discovery in a range of neuropsychiatric diseases. This is providing new pointers to underlying disease biology and is beginning to outline a new framework for genetic stratification of neuropsychiatric disease, with clear relevance to both individual treatment optimization and clinical trial design. Here, we outline these developments and chart the expected impact on the treatment of neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Kimbrel NA, Newins AR, Dedert EA, Van Voorhees EE, Elbogen EB, Naylor JC, Wagner HR, Brancu M, Beckham JC, Calhoun PS. Cannabis use disorder and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 89:1-5. [PMID: 28129565 PMCID: PMC5374045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to examine the association between lifetime cannabis use disorder (CUD), current suicidal ideation, and lifetime history of suicide attempts in a large and diverse sample of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans (N = 3233) using a battery of well-validated instruments. As expected, CUD was associated with both current suicidal ideation (OR = 1.683, p = 0.008) and lifetime suicide attempts (OR = 2.306, p < 0.0001), even after accounting for the effects of sex, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, alcohol use disorder, non-cannabis drug use disorder, history of childhood sexual abuse, and combat exposure. Thus, the findings from the present study suggest that CUD may be a unique predictor of suicide attempts among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans; however, a significant limitation of the present study was its cross-sectional design. Prospective research aimed at understanding the complex relationship between CUD, mental health problems, and suicidal behavior among veterans is clearly needed at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to: Dr. Nathan A. Kimbrel, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705. Phone: (919) 286-0411, ext. 6759.
| | | | - Eric A. Dedert
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Van Voorhees
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric B. Elbogen
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Naylor
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H. Ryan Wagner
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mira Brancu
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center; Durham, NC, USA,Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,VA Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham, NC, USA
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47
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Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Survivors of the 1998 Dongting Lake Flood in China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4569698. [PMID: 28589140 PMCID: PMC5446855 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4569698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study mainly aimed to explore the association between brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among flood survivors in China. METHODS Individuals who experienced the 1998 Dongting Lake flood in Southeast Huarong, China, were enrolled in this study. Qualified health personnel carried out face-to-face interviews with participants. PTSD was identified using PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C). Blood samples were collected from the participants to extract DNA for genotyping. RESULTS A total of 175 participants were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of PTSD among flood survivors at 17-year follow-up was 16.0% (28/175). Individuals with PTSD were more likely to be female, experience at least three flood-related stressors, experience at least three postflood stressors, and carry the Met than those without PTSD. Compared with Val/Val homozygotes, Met carriers had higher scores of PCL-C (mean ± standard error: 23.60 ± 7.23 versus 27.19 ± 9.48, P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that Met carriers (aOR = 4.76, 95% CI = 1.02-22.15, P < 0.05) were more likely to develop PTSD than Val/Val homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS Met carriers for BDNF rs6265 are at higher risk of developing PTSD and also exhibit more severe PTSD symptoms than Val/Val homozygotes among flood survivors in China.
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48
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Heck A, Milnik A, Vukojevic V, Petrovska J, Egli T, Singer J, Escobar P, Sengstag T, Coynel D, Freytag V, Fastenrath M, Demougin P, Loos E, Hartmann F, Schicktanz N, Delarue Bizzini B, Vogler C, Kolassa IT, Wilker S, Elbert T, Schwede T, Beisel C, Beerenwinkel N, de Quervain DJF, Papassotiropoulos A. Exome sequencing of healthy phenotypic extremes links TROVE2 to emotional memory and PTSD. Nat Hum Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Genome-Wide Association Study of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Two High-Risk Populations. Twin Res Hum Genet 2017; 20:197-207. [PMID: 28262088 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mexican Americans (MAs) and American Indians (AIs) constitute conspicuously understudied groups with respect to risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially in light of findings showing racial/ethnic differences in trauma exposure and risk for PTSD. The purpose of this study was to examine genetic influences on PTSD in two minority cohorts. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) with sum PTSD symptoms for trauma-exposed subjects was run in each cohort. Six highly correlated variants in olfactory receptor family 11 subfamily L member 1 (OR11L1) were suggestively associated with PTSD in the MA cohort. These associations remained suggestively significant after permutation testing. A signal in a nearby olfactory receptor on chromosome 1, olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily L member 13 (OR2L13), tagged by rs151319968, was nominally associated with PTSD in the AI sample. Although no variants were significantly associated after correction for multiple testing in a meta-analysis of the two cohorts, pathway analysis of the top hits showed an enrichment cluster of terms related to sensory transduction, olfactory receptor activity, G-protein coupled receptors, and membrane. As previous studies have proposed a role for olfaction in PTSD, our results indicate this influence may be partially driven by genetic variation in the olfactory system.
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50
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Young G. PTSD in Court II: Risk factors, endophenotypes, and biological underpinnings in PTSD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2017; 51:1-21. [PMID: 28262266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The second article in the series of three for the journal on "PTSD in Court" especially concerns the biological bases that have been found to be associated with PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder). The cohering concepts in this section relate to risk factors; candidate genes; polygenetics; "gene×environment" interactions; epigenetics; endophenotypes; biomarkers; and connective networks both structurally and functionally (in terms of intrinsic connectivity networks, ICNs, including the DMN, SN, and CEN; that is, default mode, salience, and central executive networks, respectively). Risk factors related to PTSD include pre-event, event- and post-event ones. Some of the genes related to PTSD include: FKBP5, 5-HTTLPR, and COMT (which are, respectively, FK506-binding protein 5 gene, serotonin-transporter linked polymorphic region, catechol-O-methyl-transferase). These genetic findings give an estimate of 30% for the genetic influence on PTSD. The typical brain regions involved in PTSD include the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, along with the insula. Causal models of behavior are multifactorial and biopsychosocial, and these types of models apply to PTSD, as well. The paper presents a multilevel systems model of psychopathology, including PTSD, which involves three levels - a top-down psychological construct one, a bottom-up symptom connection one, and a middle one involving symptom appraisal. Legally, causality refers to the event at issue needing to meet the bar of being materially contributory to the outcome. Finally, this section of the article reviews empirically-supported therapies for PTSD and the dangers of not receiving treatment for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Young
- Glendon Campus, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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