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Huo M, Yang Z, Yang L, Chen S. Can sports participation be a protective factor against suicide-related outcomes in adolescents: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1341795. [PMID: 38899127 PMCID: PMC11186485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1341795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide-related outcomes among adolescents have become a serious public health problem worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that sports participation may interact with suicide-related outcomes. The objective of this systematic review is to systematically review and summarize the association between sports participation and suicide-related outcomes among adolescents. Design A systematic review according to PRISMA Statement (International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols registration: INPLASY202330072) https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-3-0072/. Methods The literature search was conducted in three electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOhost. Results A total of 16 studies (12 cross-sectional studies, 4 prospective studies) met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Strong consistent evidence was found for the negative association between suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and sports participation among adolescents. There was insufficient evidence to support consistency in the association between sports participation and suicide plans, and no evidence regarding gender differences between sports participation and these suicide-related outcomes. Furthermore, there was heterogeneity in the measures of sports participation and suicide-related outcomes across the included studies. Conclusion Evidence suggests that more sports participations are associated with lower suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescents. However, the directionality of the observed associations should be examined based on more high-quality longitudinal studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Huo
- Department of Physical Education, Huaide College of Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Li Yang
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Centre for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Von Seggern MJ, Rogers AE, Schenkelberg MA, Kellstedt DK, Welk GJ, High R, Dzewaltowski DA. Sociodemographic influences on youth sport participation and physical activity among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural communities. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345635. [PMID: 38450148 PMCID: PMC10916700 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lack of physical activity (PA) among children living in rural communities is a documented public health problem. Although studies have examined community conditions defined by a rural-urban dichotomy, few have investigated rural community conditions with a concentration of Hispanic/Latino people. This cross-sectional study examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with youth sport (YS) participation and daily PA among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural U.S. Midwest communities. Methods During spring 2022, 97% of 3rd-6th grade children (n = 281, aged approximately 8-12 years) attending school in rural Midwestern communities (n = 2) with >50% concentration of Hispanic students participated in the Wellscapes Project, a community randomized trial. Participants completed the Youth Activity Profile and supplemental National Survey of Children's Health questions assessing PA behaviors and YS participation. Caregivers of a subsample of children (n = 215; males, n = 93; females, n = 122) consented to pair their child's survey results with school enrollment records (e.g., free/reduced lunch status and race and ethnicity). Mixed models with community as a random effect examined main and interaction effects of grade, sex, ethnoracial status, and family income on YS participation and these sociodemographic characteristics and YS participation on daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Results Approximately half of children participated in YS. Non-Hispanic White children (n = 82) were over five times more likely to participate in YS than Hispanic peers (n = 133) (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 2.64-11.61, p < 0.001). YS participants accumulated 8.3 ± 2.3 more minutes of daily MVPA than non-participants (p < 0.001). Sixth graders, females, and Hispanic children reported lower daily MVPA than comparison groups (p < 0.05). Significant interaction effects on daily MVPA between grade and ethnoracial status (F(3, 204) = 3.04, p = 0.030) were also found. Discussion Disparities in sport participation and PA outcomes based on sociodemographic characteristics exist among children living in ethnoracially diverse rural communities. Strategies to promote YS participation, including community structural changes, may help reduce PA disparities. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers, public health professionals, and community members to address YS participation barriers, not limited to cost, while considering other PA-promotion efforts to improve child population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Von Seggern
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ann E. Rogers
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michaela A. Schenkelberg
- School of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Debra K. Kellstedt
- Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Family and Community Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gregory J. Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Robin High
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - David A. Dzewaltowski
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Pate RR, Dishman RK, Dowda M, McIver KL, Pfeiffer KA, Porter DE, Saunders RP, Ward DS. A Summary of One Research Team's Contributions to Understanding Physical Activity Behavior in Children and Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14136. [PMID: 36361011 PMCID: PMC9655861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Schools are well-positioned to provide physical activity opportunities to help youth achieve the recommended 60 or more daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The Children's Physical Activity Research Group (CPARG) at the University of South Carolina has focused on understanding physical activity in school-aged youth for 30+ years. The purpose of this article was to critically review (CPARG) contributions to the field in school settings and school-age youth. We reviewed 127 published CPARG articles from six research projects conducted between 1993-2019. The review was guided by questions in five categories: measurement of physical activity and its determinants, characteristics of physical activity behavior, correlates/determinants of physical activity, physical activity interventions, and race/ethnicity and physical activity. Results were summarized by question and synthesized across categories. CPARG contributions included assessing physical activity levels, patterns, forms, and contexts; identifying and measuring physical activity correlates/determinants; and conducting school-based physical activity interventions. Identifying multiple domains of physical activity determinants enables researchers and practitioners to select/design age-appropriate, valid, and reliable instruments to assess determinants. Focusing on determinants enables them to create effective physical activity interventions, environments, programs, and policies in schools. These efforts must address race/ethnicity differences, ensuring that measurement instruments and intervention strategies are culturally appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell R. Pate
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Rod K. Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Georgia Ramsey Student Center, 330 River Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kerry L. McIver
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Karin A. Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 West Circle Drive, 27R Intramural Rec Sports-Circle, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dwayne E. Porter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Green Street, Suite 518, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ruth P. Saunders
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 212, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Dianne S. Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB # 7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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4
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Kellstedt DK, Schenkelberg MA, Essay AM, Von Seggern MJ, Rosenkranz RR, Welk GJ, High R, Dzewaltowski DA. Youth sport participation and physical activity in rural communities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:46. [PMID: 33832548 PMCID: PMC8028731 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical activity, a high-frequency health behavior, varies by where children live, learn, and play. Children accumulate physical activity in adult-led in-school and out-of-school settings. Youth sport is a potential setting for physical activity, but there are differences in youth sport participation based on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. There is a gap in understanding demographic influences on youth sport participation and how these factors interact to influence physical activity. This study examines influences of grade, sex, and family income on youth sport participation and these factors and youth sport participation on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of children in rural communities. Methods Children (n = 418 3rd–6th graders) living in two rural communities completed the online Youth Activity Profile as part of Wellscapes, a type 3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness community randomized trial. Mixed models with community as a random effect examined main effects and interactions of grade, sex, and family income on youth sport participation and these factors and youth sport participation on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results About 80% of children engaged in youth sport, and full-pay lunch students were almost four times more likely to have youth sport participation than students with free/reduced lunch (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.95, 7.8). Females and 6th graders (p < 0.05) had lower physical activity than comparison groups. Males with higher family income had greater physical activity; females with higher family income had less physical activity. For 6th graders, high family income had less effect on physical activity than similar 3rd-5th graders (p < 0.01). Conclusions While a fairly high percentage of children participate in youth sports, there are disparities in rural communities on youth sport participation and physical activity outcomes based on age, sex, and family income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra K Kellstedt
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | | | - Ann M Essay
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mary J Von Seggern
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Gregory J Welk
- College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Robin High
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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5
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Sex-Related Differences in the Association of Fundamental Movement Skills and Health and Behavioral Outcomes in Children. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether sex moderates the association of fundamental movement skills and health and behavioral outcomes. In 170 children (10.6 ±0.3 years; 98 girls), path analysis was used to assess the associations of fundamental movement skills (Get Skilled, Get Active) with perceived sports competence (Children and Youth—Physical Self-Perception Profile), time spent in vigorous-intensity physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index z score. For boys, object control skill competence had a direct association with perceived sports competence (β = 0.39; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.21, 0.57]) and an indirect association with sedentary time, through perceived sports competence (β = −0.19; 95% CI [−0.09, −0.32]). No significant association was observed between fundamental movement skills and perceived sports competence for girls, although locomotor skills were found to predict vigorous-intensity physical activity (β = 0.18; 95% CI [0.08, 0.27]). Perceived sports competence was associated with sedentary time, with this being stronger for boys (β = −0.48; 95% CI [−0.64, −0.31]) than girls (β = −0.29; 95% CI [−0.39, −0.19]). The study supports a holistic approach to health-related interventions and highlights a key association of perceived sports competence and the time children spend sedentary.
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6
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Shull ER, Dowda M, Saunders RP, McIver K, Pate RR. Sport participation, physical activity and sedentary behavior in the transition from middle school to high school. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 23:385-389. [PMID: 31722841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations between sport participation, and objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior in youth during the transition from middle school to high school. DESIGN Longitudinal study with 2-year follow-up. METHODS Sport participation and accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed in 306 children (122 males, 184 females) when they were in 7th and 9th grades (mean age of 12.5 ± 0.5 years). RESULTS Sport participation and physical activity declined from 7th to 9th grade, but total physical activity (d = 0.38, p < 0.0001) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (d = 0.26, p = 0.0004) remained higher in sport participants compared to non-participants. In 9th grade, the full sample of sport participants compared to non-participants had higher levels of total physical activity (20.7 min/h vs. 18.5 min/h) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (1.8 min/h vs. 1.6 min/h). Sex-specific analysis revealed similar patterns in both females and males. Sedentary behavior remained lower (d = -0.37, p = <0.0001) in the full sample of sport participants compared to non-participants (39.8 min/h vs. 41.7 min/h) in 9th grade. Similar patterns were observed in both females and males. CONCLUSIONS Children's participation in sport is associated with greater levels of physical activity and lower levels of sedentary behavior during the transition from middle school to high school. Promoting children's participation in sports could be an effective public health strategy to help children meet the current physical activity guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Shull
- Department of Exercise Science, Public Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, USA.
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, Public Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Ruth P Saunders
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Public Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Kerry McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, Public Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Public Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, USA
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7
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Mathisen FKS, Kokko S, Tynjälä J, Torsheim T, Wold B. Leisure-time physical activity and participation in organized sports: Changes from 1985 to 2014 in Finland and Norway. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1232-1242. [PMID: 30963637 PMCID: PMC6850294 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Participation in organized sports is a popular and important part of the lives of children and adolescents and is associated with improved psychological and social health, as well as an increased likelihood of meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations. Changes in modern society, including increased car ownership and use of technology and electronic media, have led to an additional focus on the importance of health‐enhancing PA among children and adolescents. The aim of this article was to study the secular changes in self‐reports of participation in organized sports clubs and leisure‐time vigorous physical activity (LVPA), and whether the relationship between participation in organized sports clubs and LVPA has changed from 1985 to 2014. Questionnaire data were collected in two cross‐sectional samples of Finnish and Norwegian 11‐, 13‐ and 15‐year‐olds in 1985/1986 (n = 7137) and 2014 (n = 9218). Overall, participation in organized sports clubs and level of LVPA appears to have changed in the same direction in the two Nordic countries. The proportion of 11‐year‐olds reporting to be participants in organized sports clubs increased from 1985/1986 to 2014. There was an overall increase in self‐reported LVPA. The association between participation in sports clubs and LVPA was stronger in 2014 than in 1985/1986. The findings indicated subgroup differences, in particular with regard to a steeper increase in LVPA and participation in sports clubs among Finnish girls. We suggest that attention should be given to the role of organized sports to better understand secular changes in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida K S Mathisen
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jorma Tynjälä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Torbjørn Torsheim
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Wold
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kokko S, Martin L, Geidne S, Van Hoye A, Lane A, Meganck J, Scheerder J, Seghers J, Villberg J, Kudlacek M, Badura P, Mononen K, Blomqvist M, De Clercq B, Koski P. Does sports club participation contribute to physical activity among children and adolescents? A comparison across six European countries. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:851-858. [PMID: 29999480 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818786110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of the largest public health challenges of our time and requires a multisectoral public-health response. PA recommendations state that all children and adolescents should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) daily and carry out vigorous PA (VPA) three times weekly. While participation in sports club activities is known to enhance the probability of reaching the recommended overall PA level, less is known about the contribution of sports club participation to VPA, and few cross-national comparisons have been carried out. The purpose of this paper is to study whether participation in sports club activities is associated with meeting the overall PA and VPA recommendations among children and adolescents across six European countries, namely Belgium (Flanders), Czech Republic, Finland, France, Ireland and Sweden. Methods: Analyses were carried out on existing self-reported national data sets using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Results indicate that approximately two-thirds of children and adolescents take part in sports club activities in the given countries. Sports club participants were more likely to meet the overall PA recommendations (OR 2.4-6.4) and VPA recommendation (OR 2.8-5.0) than non-participants. Conclusions: The extent to which overall PA and/or VPA is gained through sports club participation versus other settings needs to be further studied. Nonetheless, it can be argued that sports clubs have an important position in PA promotion for younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Kokko
- Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Leena Martin
- Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | | | - Aoife Lane
- Department of Sport and Health Science, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - Jeroen Meganck
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Scheerder
- Department of Movement Sciences, Policy in Sports & Physical Activity Research Group, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Seghers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jari Villberg
- Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Michal Kudlacek
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Palacký University, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Czech Republic
| | - Kaisu Mononen
- KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Finland
| | | | - Bart De Clercq
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Pasi Koski
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Finland
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9
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Abstract
Sports team participation has myriad benefits for girls. We used the 1999-2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative survey of US high school students, to examine time trends in sports team participation. Data from 2015 alone were examined for current differences in participation by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and weight status. For both analyses, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions, with team participation as the dependent variable, were used. In 2015, 53% of US high school girls participated in team sports. Participation was higher among non-Hispanic white (60.7%) compared to Hispanic (40.7%) and Asian (35.6%) girls, and girls with normal-weight status (58.1%) compared to overweight (50.0%) and obese (36.5%) girls ( P < .01 for all comparisons). From 1999 to 2015, the rate of increase in participation was higher among non-Hispanic black girls than non-Hispanic white girls. No increase was observed for Hispanic and Asian girls. Addressing the disparities found in team participation is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Simon
- 1 Office on Women's Health, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sayeedha F G Uddin
- 1 Office on Women's Health, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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Ridley K, Zabeen S, Lunnay BK. Children's physical activity levels during organised sports practices. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:930-934. [PMID: 29452749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study measured the physical activity levels of children during practice sessions of four popular organised sports in Australia. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational design. METHODS Participants comprised children from four local organised sports clubs in suburban Adelaide, South Australia. The sports examined were Australian Rules Football (AFL), girls' netball, boys' soccer and girls' soccer. Each participant wore a waist-mounted GT3X or GT3X+Actigraph accelerometer in either one or two of the practice sessions. RESULTS Participants typically spent 40-50% of each sport practice session in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants in the boys' soccer teams spent significantly greater time in MVPA (mean=47% of practice time, 95% CI=37%, 57%) than participants in the girls' netball teams (mean=40%, 95% CI=30%, 50%), participants in the girls' soccer teams (mean=38%, 95% CI=28%, 48%) and participants in the boys' AFL teams (mean=40%, 95% CI=36%, 44%). The practice sessions contributed approximately half of the 60min of MVPA per day recommended by physical activity guidelines for children and young people. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that organised sports provide a supportive environment for physical activity accrual; however, one practice session is insufficient for children to reach the amount of MVPA recommended in daily physical activity guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Ridley
- Sport, Health and Physical Education (SHAPE) Research Centre, Flinders University, Australia.
| | - Sara Zabeen
- Flinders Human Behaviour and Health Research Unit (FHBHRU), Flinders University, Australia
| | - Belinda K Lunnay
- Sport, Health and Physical Education (SHAPE) Research Centre, Flinders University, Australia
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11
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Lee JE, Pope Z, Gao Z. The Role of Youth Sports in Promoting Children's Physical Activity and Preventing Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review. Behav Med 2018; 44:62-76. [PMID: 27337530 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2016.1193462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Youth sport participation plays an important role in promoting physical activity among children and may be a possible venue for the prevention of pediatric obesity. To design effective physical activity interventions, it is imperative to understand how different aspects of sport participation influence physical activity (PA). The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of the impact of youth sport participation on children's PA and obesity status. A total of 44 studies published up to January 2014 concerning youth sport participation, PA, and obesity status were identified. Inclusion criteria were studies comparing PA levels of sport participants to nonparticipants or those comparing PA levels in different sport types and settings. Studies with the outcome variables of obesity status (e.g., body mass index, fat percentage, waist circumference) were also included. Participation in youth sport was positively associated with children's PA levels, and youth participating in sports were more likely to persist in their PA. However, the relationship between youth sport participation and obesity status was inconclusive. Educators and sports professionals should find ways to involve children in various sports settings and policies and help obese children engage more in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Lee
- a School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota
| | - Zachary Pope
- a School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota
| | - Zan Gao
- a School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota
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12
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Lawler M, Heary C, Nixon E. Variations in adolescents' motivational characteristics across gender and physical activity patterns: A latent class analysis approach. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:661. [PMID: 28818063 PMCID: PMC5561557 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglecting to take account of the underlying context or type of physical activity (PA) that underpins overall involvement has resulted in a limited understanding of adolescents' PA participation. The purpose of the present research was to identify male and female adolescents' leisure time PA patterns and examine whether psychological processes derived from self-determination theory differ as a function of the pattern of PA undertaken. METHODS Nine hundred ninety-five students (61.2% females, 38.8% males; M age = 13.72 years, SD = 1.25) from eight secondary schools in Dublin, Ireland completed a physical activity recall 7 day diary and measures of intrinsic motivation, competence, relatedness, autonomy and autonomy support. Based on the diary five binary indicators of physical activity were derived reflecting recommended levels of MVPA on a minimum of 3 days, at least three sessions of non-organized physical activity (e.g. jog), team sport, individual sport, and organized non-sport physical activity (e.g. dance). Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of adolescents that engaged in similar patterns of physical activity. Profiles of physical activity participation were subsequently compared on motivational characteristics using Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Latent class analysis revealed six distinct classes for girls (Organized Run/Swim & Dance/Gym; Organized Dance; Leisure Active Team Sport; Active Individual Sport; Walk/Run/Outdoor games; Non-Participation) and five for boys (Leisure Active Gym; Leisure Active Individual Sport; Active Team Sport; Active Mixed Type; Non-Participation). Significant differences were found between the classes. Girls characterized by participation in team or individual sport, and boys represented by team sport participation demonstrated significantly higher self-determined motivational characteristics relative to other profiles of physical activity. CONCLUSION This research offers a nuanced insight into the underlying type of activities that constitute overall patterns of PA among adolescent boys and girls and further reveals that psychological processes vary dependent on the profile of physical activity undertaken. The findings may be useful for informing interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Heary
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Bone tissue, blood lipids and inflammatory profiles in adolescent male athletes from sports contrasting in mechanical load. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180357. [PMID: 28662190 PMCID: PMC5491175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the effect of non-impact and impact sports is particular relevant to understand the interaction between skeletal muscle and bone health during growth. The current study aimed to compare total and regional bone and soft-tissue composition, in parallel to measurements of blood lipid and inflammatory profiles between adolescent athletes and non-athletes. Anthropometry, biological maturity, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, training load and lipid and inflammatory profiles were assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 53 male adolescents (20 non-athletes, 15 swimmers and 18 basketball players) aged 12–19 years. Multiple comparisons between groups were performed using analysis of variance, covariance and magnitude effects (ES-r and Cohen’s d). The comparisons of controls with other groups were very large for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (d range: 2.17–2.92). The differences between sports disciplines, regarding tissue outputs obtained from DXA scan were moderate for all variables except fat tissue (d = 0.4). It was possible to determine small differences (ES-r = 0.17) between controls and swimmers for bone area at the lower limbs (13.0%). In parallel, between swimmers and basketball players, the gradient of the differences was small (ES-r range: 0.15–0.23) for bone mineral content (24.6%), bone area (11.3%) and bone mineral density (11.1%) at the lower limbs, favoring the basketball players. These observations highlight that youth male athletes presented better blood and soft tissues profiles with respect to controls. Furthermore, sport-specific differences emerged for the lower limbs, with basketball players presenting higher bone mineral content, area and density than swimmers.
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Saar M, Jürimäe T. Sports Participation outside School in Total Physical Activity of Children. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 105:559-62. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.105.2.559-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study of associations of sports participation with perceived and actual physical fitness, and total physical activity for 525 10- to 17-yr.-old boys and girls in groups of 10–11-yr. (56 boys and 64 girls), 12–13-yr. (68 boys and 68 girls), 14–15-yr. (70 boys and 71 girls), and 16–17-yr. (68 boys and 60 girls) was based on the Physical Activity Index derived from a questionnaire by Telama, Leskinen, and Young, and self-perceived endurance, strength, flexibility, and body composition. Questions about satisfaction with physical activity, participation in organized physical activity and competitions, or watching competitions were asked. Two EUROFIT tests were used, the 20-m endurance shuttle-run and sit-and-reach, plus the sum of 9 skinfold thicknesses. Children who participated in organized physical activity and in competitions had a higher Physical Activity Index. Passive watching of competitions was not related to children's physical activity or their perceived or measured motor abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeli Saar
- Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu
| | - Toivo Jürimäe
- Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu
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Eime RM, Harvey JT, Sawyer NA, Craike MJ, Symons CM, Payne WR. Changes in sport and physical activity participation for adolescent females: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:533. [PMID: 27392570 PMCID: PMC4939011 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in sport and physical activity is reported to decline during adolescence, particularly for females. However we do not have a clear understanding of changes in the context (i.e., modes and settings) of participation throughout adolescence. This study investigated longitudinal changes in physical activity participation and the specific modes and settings of physical activity, together with cross-sectional comparisons, for two age cohorts of female adolescents. METHODS Survey of 729 adolescent girls (489 recruited in Year 7 and 243 in Year 11). Participation in eight different modes/settings was reported. PA was measured using 24-h recall diary and metabolic equivalent weighted energy expenditure (MET-min) in Leisure Time Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity (LTMVPA) on the previous day was calculated. RESULTS There were no significant changes in duration or total MET-min of LTMVPA on previous day. However, there were significant changes in the modes/settings of participation across time. Participation in school physical education rose during early adolescence before decreasing significantly, and participation in competitive sport and club sport significantly decreased over time; however there were increases in non-competitive forms of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Overall levels of physical activity did not significantly decrease over adolescence, which is positive for physical health. However, the transition from structured sport to non-organised physical activity may effect social and psychological health, which needs to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle M. Eime
- />Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- />School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Jack T. Harvey
- />Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- />School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Neroli A. Sawyer
- />Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- />School of Health Sciences and Psychology, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Melinda J. Craike
- />Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline M. Symons
- />Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Warren R. Payne
- />Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Loprinzi PD, Davis RE, Fu YC. Early motor skill competence as a mediator of child and adult physical activity. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:833-8. [PMID: 26844157 PMCID: PMC4721422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to effectively promote physical activity (PA) during childhood, and across the lifespan, a better understanding of the role of early motor skill development on child and adult PA is needed. METHODS Here, we propose a conceptual model delineating the hypothesized influence of motor skill development on child and adult PA, while providing an overview of the current empirical research related to this model. RESULTS There is consistent and emerging evidence showing that adequate motor skill competence, particularly locomotor and gross motor skills, is associated with increased PA levels during the preschool, child, and adolescent years, with early motor skill development also influencing enjoyment of PA as well as long-term PA and motor skill performance. The physical education setting appears to be a well-suited environment for motor skill development. CONCLUSION Employing appropriate strategies to target motor skill development across the childhood years is of paramount interest in helping shape children's PA behavior, their experiences related to PA, as well as maintain their PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Loprinzi
- Center for Health Behavior Research, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Robert E. Davis
- Center for Health Behavior Research, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Yang-Chieh Fu
- Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
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Turner RW, Perrin EM, Coyne-Beasley T, Peterson CJ, Skinner AC. Reported Sports Participation, Race, Sex, Ethnicity, and Obesity in US Adolescents From NHANES Physical Activity (PAQ_D). Glob Pediatr Health 2015; 2:2333794X15577944. [PMID: 27335953 PMCID: PMC4784630 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x15577944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To understand the relationships between participation in different types of leisure time sport activity and adolescent obesity, and how those relationships might differ based on race, gender, and household income. Methods. Data consisted of 6667 students that took part in the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The authors used adjusted Wald tests to examine differences in the prevalence of obesity (body mass index >95th percentile for age and sex) by sport for boys and girls separately. Results. Among adolescent youth age 12 to 19 years, 16.6% of male leisure time sport participants and 15.3% of female sport participants were obese, compared with 23.6% for male nonathlete participant-in-other-activities and 17.0% obesity rate for female nonathlete/participant-in-other-activities. For both males and females, reported participation in leisure time sports decreased between middle school and high school, and this reduction was associated with higher body mass index.
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McKenzie TL, van der Mars H. Top 10 research questions related to assessing physical activity and its contexts using systematic observation. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2015; 86:13-29. [PMID: 25664670 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2015.991264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous methods are available to assess physical activity (PA) but systematic observation (SO) excels in being able to provide contextually rich data on the setting in which the activity occurs. As SO is particularly useful for determining how activity is influenced by the immediate physical and social environments, its use is becoming more popular. Observation tools have the advantages of flexibility, high internal validity, low inference, and low participant burden, while their disadvantages include the need for careful observer training and recalibration, inaccessibility to certain environments, and potential participant reactivity. There is a need for both scientists and practitioners to have additional information on observation techniques and systems relative to making environmental and policy decisions about PA, and in this article, we describe concepts and identify questions related to using SO in researching PA behavior. We present 10 general questions in 3 sections, including those related to: (a) ensuring data accuracy through the selection of the most appropriate methodological protocols; (b) investigating PA in school settings, including physical education, recess, and other programs; and (c) investigating PA in community settings (e.g., parks, recreation centers, youth and adult sport programs) and homes.
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Taber DR, Pratt C, Charneco EY, Dowda M, Phillips JA, Going SB. Participation in vigorous sports, not moderate sports, is positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescent girls. J Phys Act Health 2014; 11:596-603. [PMID: 23493300 PMCID: PMC4475349 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2011-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy regarding whether moderately-intense sports can improve physical fitness, which declines throughout adolescence among girls. The objective was to estimate the association between moderate and vigorous sports participation and cardiorespiratory fitness in a racially diverse sample of adolescent girls. METHODS Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a modified physical work capacity test in 1029 eighth-grade girls participating in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls. Girls reported sports in which they participated in the last year on an organized activity questionnaire. Using general linear mixed models, the study regressed absolute and relative fitness on the number of vigorous and moderate sports in which girls participated, race/ethnicity, age, treatment group, fat mass, fat-free mass, and an interaction between race and fat-free mass. RESULTS The number of vigorous sports in which girls participated was positively associated with absolute fitness (β = 10.20, P = .04) and relative fitness (β = 0.17, P = .04). Associations were reduced, but not eliminated, after controlling for MET-weighted MVPA. Participation in moderate sports was not associated with either fitness measure. CONCLUSIONS Vigorous sports participation is positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. Future longitudinal research should analyze whether promoting vigorous sports at an early age can prevent age-related declines in cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Taber
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago
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Bohr AD, Brown DD, Laurson KR, Smith PJK, Bass RW. Relationship between socioeconomic status and physical fitness in junior high school students. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2013; 83:542-547. [PMID: 23834605 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on physical fitness often regards socioeconomic status (SES) as a confounding factor. However, few studies investigate the impact of SES on fitness. This study investigated the impact of SES on physical fitness in both males and females, with an economic-based construct of SES. METHODS The sample consisted of 954 6th, 7th, and 8th graders from a public, urban, Illinois middle school. The students participated in the FITNESSGRAM battery of fitness assessments as part of physical education. Descriptive statistics were calculated for height, weight, age, and sex. Students were grouped as high or low SES depending on whether they qualified for the federal free lunch program. A multivariate analysis of variance controlled for age and stratified by sex compared the raw scores from the fitness test for low and high SES students. Odds ratios stratified by sex were calculated for the likelihood of not achieving the FITNESSGRAM Healthy Fitness Zone standards among SES groups. RESULTS Girls of the low SES group had significantly lower scores on the FITNESSGRAM assessments and were significantly less likely to achieve Healthy Fitness Zone status than the girls from the high SES groups. For boys, SES was a significant main effect for body composition but not for the other fitness tests conducted. CONCLUSION SES is related to physical fitness in girls but not in boys. A potential explanation for this is that boys are more likely to engage in vigorous leisure time activity regardless of SES than girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Bohr
- University of Colorado at Boulder, 4185 47th St., Unit C, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
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21
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Johnson KE, McMorris BJ, Kubik MY. Comparison of health-risk behaviors among students attending alternative and traditional high schools in Minnesota. J Sch Nurs 2012; 29:343-52. [PMID: 23263265 DOI: 10.1177/1059840512469409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research, over a decade old, suggests students attending alternative high schools (AHS) engage in high levels of health-risk behaviors. Data from the 2007 Minnesota Student Survey for students attending AHS (n = 2,847) and traditional high schools (THS; n = 87,468) were used for this cross-sectional analysis to compare prevalence estimates, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and free and reduced lunch, for 28 health-risk behaviors. Students attending AHS were significantly more likely than students attending THS to report engaging in all behaviors related to unintentional injury and violence, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, and sexual activity, and were significantly less likely to report participating in physical activity, including sports teams. Students attending AHS continue to engage in high levels of health-risk behaviors as compared to their peers in THS. Updated national prevalence data were needed, as well as studies examining the role of protective factors in the lives of students attending AHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Johnson
- 1School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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22
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Kalak N, Gerber M, Kirov R, Mikoteit T, Yordanova J, Pühse U, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. Daily morning running for 3 weeks improved sleep and psychological functioning in healthy adolescents compared with controls. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:615-22. [PMID: 23174473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare sleep electroencephalographic patterns and psychological functioning of healthy adolescents running regularly in the mornings with those of control subjects. Although several studies have shown that regular moderate-to-vigorous exercise is related to favorable sleep and psychological functioning in adolescents, research on the effectiveness of short interventions is more limited. METHODS Fifty-one adolescents (mean age = 18.30 years; 27 female [53%]) took part in the study; they were randomly assigned either to a running or to a control group. The running group went running every morning for 30 minutes at moderate intensity during weekdays for 3 consecutive weeks. Sleep electroencephalographic patterns and psychological functioning were assessed in both groups before and after the 3-week period. All participants also kept a sleep log for 3 weeks. RESULTS Objective sleep improved (slow-wave sleep increased; sleep onset latency decreased) in the running group compared with the control group. Subjective sleep quality, mood, and concentration during the day improved, whereas sleepiness during the day decreased. CONCLUSIONS Thirty minutes of running in the morning during weekdays for 3 consecutive weeks impacted positively on sleep and psychological functioning in healthy adolescents compared with control subjects. Running is inexpensive and easy to implement during school schedules, and as both objective and subjective improvements were observed within 3 weeks, regular physical exercise should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Kalak
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Ethnicity differences in pedometer-based physical activity levels among adolescent girls. J Exerc Sci Fit 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nelson TF, Stovitz SD, Thomas M, LaVoi NM, Bauer KW, Neumark-Sztainer D. Do youth sports prevent pediatric obesity? A systematic review and commentary. Curr Sports Med Rep 2011; 10:360-70. [PMID: 22071397 PMCID: PMC4444042 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0b013e318237bf74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sport is a promising setting for obesity prevention among youth, but little is known about whether it prevents obesity. We reviewed research comparing sport participants with nonparticipants on weight status, physical activity, and diet. Among 19 studies, we found no clear pattern of association between body weight and sport participation. Among 17 studies, we found that sport participants are more physically active than those who do not participate. We found seven studies that compared the diet of sport participants with non-participants. These studies reported that youth involved in sport were more likely to consume fruits, vegetables, and milk, and also more likely to eat fast food and drink sugar-sweetened beverages and consume more calories overall. It is unclear from these results whether sports programs, as currently offered, protect youth from becoming overweight or obese. Additional research may foster understanding about how sport, and youth sport settings, can help promote energy balance and healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toben F. Nelson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Steven D. Stovitz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Suite 420, Minneapolis, MN 55414
| | - Megan Thomas
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Nicole M. LaVoi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 203 Cooke Hall, 1900 University Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Katherine W. Bauer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454
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Basch CE. Physical activity and the achievement gap among urban minority youth. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2011; 81:626-634. [PMID: 21923875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To outline the prevalence and disparities of physical activity among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which low levels of physical activity and fitness adversely affects academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools to increase physical activity and physical fitness among youth. METHODS Literature review. RESULTS A large proportion of youth is insufficiently physically active. Estimates of population-wide levels of physical activity indicate that Black and Hispanic youth are less physically active than White youth, with disparities particularly evident for females. The population segments of youth with lowest levels of physical activity and fitness also have least access to school-based physical activity opportunities and resources. Physical activity affects metabolism and all major body systems, exerting powerful positive influences on the brain and spinal cord and, consequently, on emotional stability, physical health, and motivation and ability to learn. The cornerstone of school-based physical activity programs should be a high-quality physical education program based on national standards. Such programs are strongly recommended by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services as a way to increase physical activity and physical fitness among youth. CONCLUSIONS Physical inactivity is highly and disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, has a negative impact on academic achievement through its effects on cognition, and effective practices are available for schools to address this problem. Increasing students' physical activity and physical fitness can best be achieved through a comprehensive approach that includes physical education, wise use of recess and after-school times, co-curricular physical activity opportunities, and bicycling or walking to and from school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Basch
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Johnson KE, Taliaferro LA. Relationships between physical activity and depressive symptoms among middle and older adolescents: a review of the research literature. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2011; 16:235-51. [PMID: 21951351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the review was to describe current knowledge regarding relationships between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Inverse relationships were found between PA, particularly sports participation, and depressive symptoms. Limitations of the current research are discussed, including measurement issues. A major gap exists regarding research with youth at high risk for depressive symptoms and low levels of PA, including older, low-income, minority females. Future research should focus on high-risk populations such as youth attending alternative high schools. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses should consider promoting PA among middle and older adolescents as a way to prevent depressive symptoms and consider integrating PA into care plans for those experiencing depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Johnson
- Center for Adolescent Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Siegel SR, Malina RM, Reyes MEP, Barahona EEC, Cumming SP. Correlates of physical activity and inactivity in urban Mexican youth. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:686-92. [PMID: 21688338 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate correlates of physical activity in Mexico City school youth. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,004 school youth (490 males and 514 females), 9-18 years of age resident in Mexico City. Age, height, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), time viewing television and playing video games (physical inactivity), and perceived sport/physical activity status of mother and father were evaluated as potential correlates of physical activity [Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ)]. Multiple linear regression analyses (backward elimination) by age group and sex were used. RESULTS Physical activity declined in older adolescents, while differences between the two younger age groups were minimal. Television time showed a similar tendency. Overall, fathers were perceived as being active in sport/physical activity more frequently than mothers. Significant predictors of activity differed by age group and sex. For the total sample, age (negative) and perceived sport/activity status of the mother (positive) were significant predictors of the PAQ in boys, and age and the BMI (negative) and height and perceived sport/activity status of both parents (positive) were significant predictors for girls. Age (negative) was the main predictor for inactivity in both males and females. CONCLUSIONS Potential correlates of physical activity and inactivity considered in this analysis were limited and accounted for relatively little of the variance in physical activity. The role of perceived sport/activity of the parents, especially among younger boys and girls, is particularly of interest and merits more detailed study. Nevertheless, many other variables also need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Siegel
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA.
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Brand S, Angst J, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Hatzinger M, Pühse U, Holsboer-Trachsler E. Is the increase of hypomanic stages during adolescence related to gender and developmental tasks? World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 11:129-40. [PMID: 20073548 DOI: 10.3109/15622970903522501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To detach themselves from their family of origin, adolescents need to develop proactive behaviour which includes increased risk-taking and novelty seeking. These behaviours may be attributable both to developmental issues and to hypomanic-like stages. Since there is a lack of research focusing on hypomania in adolescents, the aim of the study was to compare hypomania scores of adolescents with those of adult outpatients suffering from bipolar II disorders, and to investigate possible gender-related differences. METHODS One hundred and seven adolescents (mean age: 18 years) took part in the study; 60 of them indicated that they experienced intense romantic love; 47 were controls. Participants completed the Hypomania Check List, and data were compared with those of adult outpatients suffering from bipolar II disorders. RESULTS Scores of adolescents in early-stage intense romantic love differed from those of adolescent controls, but not from those of outpatients suffering from a bipolar II disorder. Factor analyses revealed that both groups of adolescents displayed higher scores for the factor "irritable/risk-taking" hypomania. A gender-related pattern was found, with increased scores for female adolescents. CONCLUSION Adolescents' developmental tasks surrounding experiences in social, psychosexual and substance use-related engagement may lead to temporary and gender-related hypomanic-like stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brand
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Depression Research Unit, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland.
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Brand S, Gerber M, Beck J, Hatzinger M, Pühse U, Holsboer-Trachsler E. High exercise levels are related to favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescents: a comparison of athletes and controls. J Adolesc Health 2010; 46:133-41. [PMID: 20113919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether chronic vigorous exercising is related to improved sleep and psychological functioning, and whether this association varies with gender. Both lay and scientific opinions hold that physical activity is an efficient remedy and preventative measure for poor sleep. However, empirical evidence on adolescents is very limited. METHODS A total of 434 adolescents (258 athletes, 176 controls; mean age 17.2 years) took part in the study. Weekly hours spent exercising were 17.69 hours and 4.69 hours, respectively. To assess sleep patterns and psychological functioning, participants completed a sleep log for 7 consecutive days and several self-rating questionnaires. RESULTS Compared with controls, athletes reported better sleep patterns including higher sleep quality, shortened sleep onset latency, and fewer awakenings after sleep onset, as well as less tiredness and increased concentration during the day. Athletes reported significantly lower anxiety and fewer depressive symptoms. Compared with males, females reported fewer variations in sleep. Male controls had particularly unfavorable scores related to sleep and psychological functioning. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that chronic vigorous exercising is positively related to adolescents' sleep and psychological functioning. Results also indicate that males with low exercise levels are at risk for increased sleep complaints and poorer psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brand
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Depression and Sleep Research Unit, 4025 Basel, Switzerland.
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Ridgway CL, Ong KK, Tammelin TH, Sharp S, Ekelund U, Jarvelin MR. Infant motor development predicts sports participation at age 14 years: northern Finland birth cohort of 1966. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6837. [PMID: 19718258 PMCID: PMC2729394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motor proficiency is positively associated with physical activity levels. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between the timing of infant motor development and subsequent sports participation during adolescence. Methods Prospective observational study. The study population consisted of 9,009 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Motor development was assessed by parental report at age 1 year, using age at walking with support and age at standing unaided. At follow up aged 14 years, data were collected on the school grade awarded for physical education (PE). Self report was used to collect information on the frequency of sports participation and number of different sports reported. Principal Findings Earlier infant motor development was associated with improved school PE grade, for age at walking supported (p<0.001) and standing unaided (p = <0.001). Earlier infant motor development, in terms of age at walking supported, was positively associated with the number of different sports reported (p = 0.003) and with a greater frequency of sports participation (p = 0.043). These associations were independent of gestational age and birth weight, as well as father's social class and body mass index at age 14 years. Conclusions Earlier infant motor development may predict higher levels of physical activity as indicated by higher school PE grade, participation in a greater number of different types of sports and increased frequency of sports participation. Identification of young children with slower motor development may allow early targeted interventions to improve motor skills and thereby increase physical activity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Ridgway
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Greenleaf C, Boyer EM, Petrie TA. High School Sport Participation and Subsequent Psychological Well-Being and Physical Activity: The Mediating Influences of Body Image, Physical Competence, and Instrumentality. SEX ROLES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-009-9671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Past-year sports participation, current physical activity, and fitness in urban adolescent girls. J Phys Act Health 2009; 6:105-11. [PMID: 19211964 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.6.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined associations between sports participation, physical activity, fitness level, and body mass index in ninth-grade girls. METHODS Data were analyzed for 221 participants who completed sports participation and physical activity recall questionnaires, an aerobic step test, and height and weight measurement. RESULTS On average, participants had low physical activity levels, and many were overweight or obese (47%). About half participated in at least one organized sport in the previous year. Sports participants had higher current estimated energy expenditure compared with non-sports participants (P=.0007). Those who participated on at least two teams were more likely to complete the three-stage step test without reaching their target heart rate than those who did not participate on any teams (P<.03). Past sports participation was positively associated with current physical activity and fitness levels. CONCLUSION Urban adolescent girls who participate in sports have increased energy expenditure and higher fitness levels, indicating sports as a potential strategy to improve physical activity and health in this population.
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Bélanger M, Gray-Donald K, O'Loughlin J, Paradis G, Hutcheon J, Maximova K, Hanley J. Participation in organised sports does not slow declines in physical activity during adolescence. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009; 6:22. [PMID: 19335892 PMCID: PMC2670258 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among youth, participation in extracurricular physical activities at school and organised physical activities in the community is associated with higher physical activity levels. The objective was to determine if participation in organised physical activities during early adolescence protects against declines in physical activity levels during adolescence. Methods Every 3 months for 5 years, students initially in grade 7 (aged 12–13 years) completed a 7-day physical activity recall and provided data on the number and type of (extracurricular) physical activities organised at school and in the community in which they took part. To study rates of decline in physical activity, only adolescents who reported an average of ≥5 moderate-vigorous physical activity sessions per week in grade 7 (n = 1028) were retained for analyses. They were categorised as to whether or not they were involved in organised physical activities in grade 7. We used generalized estimating equation Poisson regression to compare the rate of decline in number of moderate-vigorous physical activity sessions per week during adolescence between initially physically active students who participated in organised physical activity in grade 7 and those who did not. Results In grade 7, about 87% of physically active adolescents reported taking part in at least one organised physical activity. Compared to active adolescents not involved in organised physical activities, baseline involvement in physical activity was 42% (95% CI 26–59%) higher among those involved in organised physical activity (mean number of moderate-vigorous physical activity sessions per week = 14.6 ± 13.1 vs 10.4 ± 9.0). Physical activity declined by 8% per year in both groups. Results were similar in analyses that examined the effect of school or community-based physical activities separately. Conclusion Although participation in organised physical activities during early adolescence is associated with more physical activity throughout secondary school, participation in such activities does not protect against declines in physical activity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bélanger
- Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Université de Moncton and Université de Sherbrooke, Moncton, Canada.
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Walters S, Barr-Anderson DJ, Wall M, Neumark-Sztainer D. Does participation in organized sports predict future physical activity for adolescents from diverse economic backgrounds? J Adolesc Health 2009; 44:268-74. [PMID: 19237113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between socioeconomic status (SES), gender, sports participation and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adolescents. METHODS Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), a population-based longitudinal study followed a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 1709 adolescents in 1998-1999 (Time 1) and 2003-2004 (Time 2). Mixed model regression analyses were used to examine longitudinal trends in MVPA as a function of SES and previous sports involvement. RESULTS For both genders, participation in organized sports and weekly hours of MVPA were positively associated with SES. On average, MVPA decreased between high school and young adulthood for both genders. Adolescents who participated in sports during high school showed a steeper decline in weekly hours of MVPA than their non-sports-participating counterparts. SES had a significant moderating effect on the change in MVPA over time for boys who participated in organized sports, with low SES boys showing a steeper decline in MVPA between time periods than higher SES boys. Although on average, a statistically significant difference in MVPA between previous sports participants and nonparticipants remained at Time 2, for all SES groups and both genders, the gap between hours of MVPA was either overcome or significantly narrowed by young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Increased dependence on organized sports for MVPA may be insufficient to meet the needs of youth following high school, especially for low SES youth. Designing physical activity promotions that reach and address the unique needs of lower SES youth and families is a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Walters
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA.
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Malina RM. Children and Adolescents in the Sport Culture: The Overwhelming Majority to the Select Few. J Exerc Sci Fit 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1728-869x(09)60017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Alricsson M, Domalewski D, Romild U, Asplund R. Physical activity, health, body mass index, sleeping habits and body complaints in Australian senior high school students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2008; 20:501-512. [PMID: 19230450 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh.2008.20.4.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adolescents in the industrial world are becoming less physically active and are increasingly adopting a sedentary life-style in front of computers and television screens. OBJECTIVE to determine self-related health, physical activity, sleeping habits, prevalence of overweight, and body complaints in Australian senior high school students. METHODS Participants were 466 high school students aged 15-17 years enrolled in academic and vocational programs. A questionnaire was completed at two senior high schools with questions about weight and height, health, physical activity, type of physical activity/sport, intensity, sleeping habits, and possible injuries or complaints during the last three months. RESULTS Seventy seven percent of the high school students participated in sports on a regular basis. Compared with vocational programs, more males and females in academic programs participated in sports (71% and 80% respectively) (p = .036). Males reported significantly better health than females (p < .0001). 65% of the study group reported body complaints during the last 3 months. A higher number of females than males reported complaints about the back (p = .007) and the hip (p = .05). Good sleep was reported in 82.1% of males and in 76.6% of females. In males, 44.3% were often sleepy in the daytime (females 56.6%, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Underweight, physical activity and good sleep are factors with significant positive effect on good health, whereas overweight is a negative factor. Proper sleep habits and higher physical activity levels should be promoted among high school students, and TV viewing time and video game use restricted. Additionally, schools should provide opportunities for young people to participate in a wider range of physical activities that address their individual needs while promoting the health benefits of engaging in regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Alricsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden.
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Mattocks C, Ness A, Deere K, Tilling K, Leary S, Blair SN, Riddoch C. Early life determinants of physical activity in 11 to 12 year olds: cohort study. BMJ 2008; 336:26-9. [PMID: 18037616 PMCID: PMC2174780 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39385.443565.be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors in early life (up to age 5 years) that are associated with objectively measured physical activity in 11-12 year olds. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 11-12 years from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Physical activity levels in counts per minute (cpm) and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity for seven days measured with a uniaxial actigraph accelerometer. RESULTS Valid actigraph data, defined as at least three days of physical activity for at least 10 hours a day, were collected from 5451 children. Several factors were associated with physical activity at ages 11-12 years. Regression coefficients are compared with the baseline of "none" for categorical variables: maternal brisk walking during pregnancy (regression coefficient 5.0, 95% confidence interval -8.5 to 18.5; cpm for <1 h/wk and > or =2 h/wk of physical activity 17.7, 5.3 to 30.1), maternal swimming during pregnancy (21.5, 10.9 to 32.1 and cpm for <1 h/wk and > or =2 h/wk of physical activity 24.2, 7.8 to 40.7), parents' physical activity when the child was aged 21 months (28.5, 15.2 to 41.8 and cpm of physical activity for either parent active and both parents active 33.5, 17.8 to 49.3), and parity assessed during pregnancy (2.9, -7.6 to 13.4 and cpm of physical activity for 1 and > or =2 parity 21.2, 7.1 to 35.3). CONCLUSIONS Few factors in early life predicted later physical activity in 11-12 year olds. Parents' physical activity during pregnancy and early in the child's life showed a modest association with physical activity of the child at age 11-12 years, suggesting that active parents tend to raise active children. Helping parents to increase their physical activity therefore may promote children's activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Mattocks
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ.
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SAAR MEELI. SPORTS PARTICIPATION OUTSIDE SCHOOL IN TOTAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN. Percept Mot Skills 2007. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.105.6.559-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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