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Lei X, Matovic D, Leung WY, Viju A, Wuthrich VM. The relationship between social media use and psychosocial outcomes in older adults: A systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 2024:1-33. [PMID: 38287785 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223004519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent in older adults and are detrimental to physical and mental health. Social media use has been shown to be effective in maintaining social connections and improving older adults' psychosocial outcomes. This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize current research on this topic. DESIGN Searches were conducted in November 2021 (and updated in October 2023) in PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria: (1) participants ≥ 65 years (mean, median, or minimum age) and (2) reported impact of social media use on psychosocial outcomes (including loneliness, depression, anxiety, social connectedness, wellbeing, life satisfaction, and quality of life). Quality appraisal tools were utilized, and results were synthesized using narrative synthesis. RESULTS Sixty-four papers met inclusion criteria, including cross-sectional (n = 38), observational longitudinal (n = 6), interventional (n = 9), mixed-methods (n = 4), and qualitative (n = 7) studies. Participant numbers ranged from 6 to 16,925. While associations between social media use and positive psychosocial outcomes were generally reported in cross-sectional studies, the impact of social media use over time from longitudinal studies was mixed and inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS While social media use is associated with positive psychosocial outcomes, casual conclusions cannot be drawn. Few longitudinal and randomized controlled trial studies existed, and these reported mixed findings. Large variations in study methodology including participants, measurement of social media use, and outcome measures contributed to the inconsistencies of findings. Addressing this heterogeneity through standardized approaches and more rigorous research may enhance understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lei
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana Matovic
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wing-Yin Leung
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abhirami Viju
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Viviana M Wuthrich
- Macquarie University Lifespan Health & Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Eliacin J, Patterson SM, Mendez DM, Burgess DJ, Traylor MH, Borden MY, Slaven JE, Matthias MS. Findings from a Peer-Facilitated, Social Isolation Intervention in the Veterans Health Administration Healthcare System: A Mixed-Methods, Pilot Feasibility Study. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:3460-3471. [PMID: 37723366 PMCID: PMC10713941 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation is a global public health threat. Veterans are particularly at risk for social isolation due to high rates of comorbid physical and mental health problems. Yet, effective interventions are limited. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of CONNECTED, a novel, transdiagnostic intervention to reduce social isolation that includes individual and group components and is delivered by peers via telehealth. Secondary objectives were to identify appropriate outcome measures and explore preliminary intervention effects. METHODS This was a two-phase study. In Phase 1, to evaluate study feasibility, we surveyed 200 veterans to assess prevalence of social isolation and their interest in social connectedness interventions. In Phase 2, we employed a mixed-methods, pre-post study design in which we piloted CONNECTED with 19 veterans through 2 successive cohorts to further assess feasibility, to evaluate acceptability, and to explore preliminary effectiveness. Quantitative analyses involved descriptive and bivariate analyses as well as multivariate modeling. Qualitative interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS For Phase 1, 39% of veterans surveyed were socially isolated. Participants who were ≤ 55 years old, caregivers, and those who experienced unmet social needs were more likely to report social isolation. Over 61% expressed interest in VA programs to reduce social isolation. For Phase 2, the pilot intervention, recruitment rate was 88% and the enrollment rate was 86%. Retention rates for the two cohorts were 80% and 50%, respectively, and satisfaction rates among intervention completers were 100%. Results also showed statistically significant improvements in social isolation (+ 5.91, SD = 4.99; p = .0028), social support (+ 0.74, SD = 1.09; p = .03), anxiety (-3.92, SD = 3.73; p = .003), and depression (-3.83, SD = 3.13; p = .001). Results for the other measures were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION CONNECTED is a feasible and acceptable intervention and is likely to be an effective tool to intervene on social isolation among veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Eliacin
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Scott M Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Diana M Mendez
- Department of Psychiatry, Orlando VA Healthcare System, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Diana J Burgess
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Morgan H Traylor
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria Y Borden
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James E Slaven
- Deparmtent of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marianne S Matthias
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Piette JD, Hampstead BM, Marinec N, Chen J, Roberts JS. A Pilot Randomized Trial of a Purposeful and Stimulating Volunteer Opportunity: Program Satisfaction and Potential Impacts on Perceived Cognitive Change in a Neurologically Mixed Sample of Older Adults. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:237-242. [PMID: 37615487 PMCID: PMC10454976 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purposeful social interactions are important for healthy aging. We conducted a pilot trial of SPEAK! (Seniors Promoting English Acquisition and Knowledge), an intervention providing older volunteers with a safe, accessible opportunity to converse via webcam with English-language learners. METHODS A neurologically mixed sample of older adults was randomized to 8 weekly, webcam conversations with English-language learners or a waitlist control. Outcomes included the Cognitive Change Index (CCI) and surveys of program satisfaction. Here, we report on session completion, intervention satisfaction, and follow-up CCI scores. Exploratory analyses of CCI intervention effects controlled for baseline CCI scores and the interaction between group and baseline CCI. RESULTS Participants (N=38) were on average 70.8 years of age, 28/38 were White, and 16/38 demonstrated possible cognitive impairment on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Pairs completed 115/136 sessions (85%) and all volunteers said they would recommend the program. Controlling for the interaction between baseline CCI and randomization group, SPEAK! volunteers had better follow-up CCI scores than controls (P=0.018). Improvements in CCI were greater among participants with fewer baseline memory problems. CONCLUSIONS SPEAK! was feasible and appreciated by older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Larger studies should confirm benefits for memory and other determinants of quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Piette
- Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research and Department of Mental Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Hampstead
- Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research and Department of Mental Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicolle Marinec
- Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research and Department of Mental Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenny Chen
- Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research and Department of Mental Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J. Scott Roberts
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Kelly RM, Xing Y, Baker S, Waycott J. Video Calls as a Replacement for Family Visits During Lockdowns in Aged Care: Interview Study with Family Members. JMIR Aging 2023. [PMID: 37191951 DOI: 10.2196/40953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lockdowns have been employed to prevent the spread of transmissible illnesses such as influenza, norovirus, and COVID-19 in care homes. However, lockdowns deny care home residents supplemental care and socioemotional enrichment that comes from seeing family members. Video calling has the potential to enable ongoing contact between residents and family members during lockdowns. Yet video calls can be considered by some as being a poor substitute for in-person visits. It is important to understand family members' experiences with video calling during lockdowns to ensure effective use of this technology in the future. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to understand how family members used video calls to communicate with relatives living in aged care during lockdowns. We focused on experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, which involved extensive lockdowns in aged care homes. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 adults who had been using video calls with relatives living in aged care during pandemic lockdowns. The interviews focused on how participants had been using video calls, what benefits they gained from video-based interactions, and what challenges they encountered when using the technology. We analysed the data using Braun & Clarke's 6-phase reflexive approach to thematic analysis. RESULTS We developed 4 themes through our analysis. Theme 1 interprets video calling as a medium for continuation of care during lockdowns. Using video calls, family members were able to provide social enrichment for residents and engaged in health monitoring to uphold residents' welfare. Theme 2 highlights how video calling extended care by supporting frequent contact, by transmitting non-verbal cues that were essential for communication, and by negating the need for face masks. Theme 3 interprets organizational issues such as lack of technology and staff time as impediments to continuation of familial care through video. Finally, theme 4 highlights the need for two-way communication, interpreting residents' unfamiliarity with video calling and their health conditions as further barriers to continuation of care. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that, during restrictions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, video calls became a medium for enabling family members to continue participating in the care of their relatives. The use of video calls to continue care illustrates their value for families during times of mandatory lockdown, and supports the use of video to complement face-to-face visits at other times. However, better support is needed for video calling in aged care homes. This study also reveals a need for video calling systems that are designed for the aged care context. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Kelly
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, AU
| | - Yushan Xing
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, AU
| | - Steven Baker
- School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane, AU
| | - Jenny Waycott
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, AU
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Cone N, Lee JE. Older adult communication types and emotional well-being outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:178. [PMID: 36973663 PMCID: PMC10042399 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rationale for the present study is a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as there are fewer opportunities available for older adults to engage in face-to-face interaction and social activities, which may result in changes in the communication methods with their social contacts. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between methods of social connectedness and emotional well-being outcomes among older adults at the start of the pandemic. METHODS Two thousand five hundred and fifty-eight older adults Medicare beneficiaries (65 + years of age) in the National Health and Aging Trends Study at wave 10 (June 2020 to January 2021) were selected for cross-sectional analysis. Participants were measured on brief questionnaires regarding forms of communication with family and friends before and during the pandemic. Emotional well-being outcomes were measured on single items of sadness/depressed and loneliness; as well as a 6-item Likert scale of anxiety during the pandemic. Paired sample t-tests were utilized to examine the forms of communication between before and during pandemic. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to assess the relationship between forms of communication and emotional well-being outcomes. RESULTS We found that there were overall decreases in communication frequency during pandemic. Findings from regression analyses indicated information communication technology (ICT) are associated with negative emotional well-being outcomes, whereas in-person social contact are associated with lower levels of negative affect. CONCLUSION These findings suggest utilizing higher levels of ICT has negative implications for older adults' emotional well-being, contrasting with the positive implication of in-person contacts. These findings highlight the role of ICT in emotional well-being among older adults during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Cone
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, 2222 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011-1084, United States of America.
| | - Jeong Eun Lee
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, 2222 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011-1084, United States of America
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Shioya R, Nakagomi A, Ide K, Kondo K. Video call and depression among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: The JAGES one-year longitudinal study. Soc Sci Med 2023; 321:115777. [PMID: 36841222 PMCID: PMC9933485 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of video call on preventing late-life depression during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. We examined the associations of social contact (in-person, voice call, and video call) with incidence of depressive symptoms and evaluated whether specific factors (particularly, age and change in the frequency of in-person contact) affect these associations. We used longitudinal data from the 2019 and 2020 waves of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, including 10,523 participants aged ≥65 years in 10 municipalities. Depressive symptoms were measured by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) score ≥5 in main analysis, and GDS-15 score ≥4, 10, or continuous variable in sensitivity analyses. Social contact represented frequency changes before and during the pandemic: non-contact (reference), decreased-contact, maintained-contact, and increased-contact. We employed modified Poisson regression analysis. Compared to non-contact of video call, the association of increased-contact of video call with depressive symptoms was insignificant in main analysis (GDS-15 ≥ 5: risk ratio (RR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-1.01), whereas significant in sensitivity analyses (GDS-15 ≥ 4: RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98; GDS-15 ≥ 10: RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.97; GDS-15 = continuous variable: Β = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.002). In-person contact was significantly associated with lower incidence of depressive symptoms (non-contact: reference; maintained-contact: RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99; increased-contact: RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77-0.91), whereas voice call was not. Age and change in the frequency of in-person contact did not show significant effect modifications on the associations of video call with incidence of depressive symptoms after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, this study suggests that the evidence supporting video call as a way to protect against depressive symptoms among older adults during the pandemic appears weak compared to the evidence for in-person contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Shioya
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagomi
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Ide
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan; Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-Cho, Obu-Shi, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
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Guzman AA, Brecht ML, Doering LV, Macey PM, Mentes JC. Social Media Use and Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Res Gerontol Nurs 2023; 16:97-104. [PMID: 36944173 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20230220-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Social media has become an integral part of everyday life and revolutionized how older adults communicate and interact with others. The aim of the current review was to identify and synthesize quantitative studies addressing the potential relationship between social media use and depression in older adults. Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were used to identify studies performed up to July 2020. Keywords identified were depression, social media use, and older adults. A nuanced relationship was revealed between social media use and depression in older adults. There were noted differences in the conceptualization of social media use. The reviewed studies lacked exploration of structural characteristics, examination of content, and quality of interactions in older adults' social media use. Health variables, social factors, and age cohort differences could influence the relationship between social media use and depression. Further studies are needed to enhance the understanding and explore the benefits and potential disadvantages of social media use in older adults. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16(2), 97-104.].
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Thomas LE, Emich A, Weiss E, Zisman C, Foray K, Roberts DM, Page E, Ernst M. Examination of the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on Mental Health From Three Perspectives: Global, Social, and Individual. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 18:513-526. [PMID: 36173751 PMCID: PMC10018233 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221078310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extent of the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health is recognized ubiquitously. However, these effects are subject to many modulatory factors from a plethora of domains of examination. It is important to understand the intersection of societal and individual levels for global stressors compared with local phenomena and physical-health outcomes. Here, we consider three perspectives: international/cultural, social, and individual. Both the enduring threat of COVID-19 infection and the protective measures to contain contagion have important consequences on individual mental health. These consequences, together with possible remedial interventions, are the focus of this article. We hope this work will stimulate more research and will suggest factors that need to be considered in the coordination of responses to a global threat, allowing for better preparation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Thomas
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abigail Emich
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Weiss
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Corina Zisman
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katherine Foray
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah M. Roberts
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Page
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Profiles of socially isolated community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis. Maturitas 2023; 171:1-6. [PMID: 36863186 PMCID: PMC9941310 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify different profiles of socially isolated older adults during the first wave of COVID-19 in Quebec, Canada. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional data were obtained through a telehealth socio-geriatric risk assessment tool, ESOGER, administered to adults aged 70 years or more between April and July 2020 in Montreal, Canada. MEASURES Those living alone with no social contacts in the last few days were considered socially isolated. Latent class analysis was performed to identify profiles of socially isolated older adults based on: age, sex, polypharmacy, use of home care, use of a walking aid, recall of current year/month, anxiety level (scale 0-10), and need for follow-up from a healthcare provider. RESULTS Three-hundred and eighty (380) older adults identified as socially isolated were analyzed, of whom 75.5 % were female and 56.6 % were over 85. Three classes were identified: Class 1 ("physically frail older females") had the highest proportion of polypharmacy, walking aid, and home care use. Class 2 ("anxious, relatively younger males") were predominantly males who used the least home care but had the highest anxiety levels. Class 3 ("seemingly well older females") had the highest proportion of females, lowest proportion of polypharmacy, lowest anxiety level, and none used a walking aid. Recall of current year/month was similar across the three classes. CONCLUSIONS This study found heterogeneity among socially isolated older adults during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic with varying levels of physical and mental health. Our findings may contribute to the development of targeted interventions to support this vulnerable population during and after the pandemic.
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Monserud MA. Leisure Activities and Depressive Symptoms among Older Men and Women in Mexico: Implications of Physical Health. J Aging Health 2023; 35:94-107. [PMID: 35698826 PMCID: PMC9747986 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221108036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether the effects of specific types of group and individual leisure activities on depressive symptoms differ for older men and women in Mexico and whether several indicators of physical health can shape the psychological benefits of these activities. METHODS This study used data from two waves (2012 and 2015) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study and employed OLS regressions. RESULTS The association between leisure activities and depressive symptoms among older Mexicans may vary by the type of activity, gender, and physical health. Physical health issues may decrease potential psychological benefits of certain leisure activities. Yet, despite deteriorating physical health, older adults may benefit from involvement in some leisure activities. DISCUSSION This study highlights the diversity of experiences related to later-life mental health and emphasizes the importance of investigating psychological implications of specific types of leisure activities among older men and women with different physical health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Monserud
- Department of Sociology, 14743University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Petersen B, Khalili-Mahani N, Murphy C, Sawchuk K, Phillips N, Li KZH, Hebblethwaite S. The association between information and communication technologies, loneliness and social connectedness: A scoping review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1063146. [PMID: 37034933 PMCID: PMC10075275 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1063146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults are at a higher risk of loneliness, compared to other demographics. The use of Internet Communication and Technologies (ICTs) among older adults is steadily increasing and given ICTs provide a means of enhancing social connectedness suggests they may have positive effects on reducing loneliness. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to examine the research that explores how ICTs may be implicated in mitigating loneliness and increasing social connectedness among older adults. After the examination of 54 articles, we identified three major themes within the literature: (1) ICTs were associated with a reduction in loneliness and increase in wellbeing. (2) ICTs promoted social connectedness by facilitating conversations. (3) Factors such as training, self-efficacy, self-esteem, autonomy, and the design/features, or affordances, of ICTs contribute toward the associations between ICT use and wellbeing. The heterogeneity of methodologies, statistical reporting, the small sample sizes of interventional and observational studies, and the diversity of the experimental contexts underline the challenges of quantitative research in this field and highlights the necessity of tailoring ICT interventions to the needs and contexts of the older users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkley Petersen
- Laboratory for Adult Development and Cognitive Aging, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Berkley Petersen,
| | - Najmeh Khalili-Mahani
- Media Health Lab, Department of Design and Computation Arts, Milieux Institute for Arts, Culture and Technology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caitlin Murphy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Lethbridge-Layton-Mackay Rehabilitation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kim Sawchuk
- Aging and Communication Technologies (ACT), Department of Communication Studies, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Phillips
- Laboratory of Cognition, Aging and Psychophysiology (CAP), Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karen Z. H. Li
- Laboratory for Adult Development and Cognitive Aging, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Virtual Grandparenting: Identifying Barriers to Supportive Video Chat between Grandparents and Grandchildren. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9454654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Many grandparents today are physically separated from their families. Given that maintaining close family relationships (with both adult children and grandchildren) is associated with increased physical, mental, and emotional health across generations, it is important to determine how families can maintain close relationships with grandparents when physically separated. Technology offers one potential support: the proliferation of video chat. Recent work suggests that the frequency of video chat and the variety of behaviors engaged in during video calls predicts family closeness and enjoyment of using this communication method, regardless of the physical distance between parties. However, the frequency of grandparent-grandchild video chat varies across families. Here, we explore how demographic, physical (e.g., distance), technological (e.g., number of devices and barriers), and social factors (e.g., children are distracted) predicted: (1) whether or not video chat was used by grandparent-grandchild dyads, and (2) the frequency of video chat in the families using the technology. This work suggests that geographical distance, having met in person, and the number of devices owned were positive predictors of grandparents and grandchildren having ever video chatted. However, the factors associated with the frequency of video chat were different in the parent and grandparent models and included grandparents’ comfort with technology and the type of device used by the parent and child. These findings not only have implications for supporting grandparent-grandchild relationships but also for all family members separated by distance, immigration, incarceration, health emergencies, and displacement.
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Hophing M, Zimmerman-Winslow KJ, Basu A, Jacob T. The Impact of COVID-19 and Quarantine on Suicidality in Geriatric Inpatients-A Case Report. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:550-554. [PMID: 34109868 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211023588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mental health burden of COVID-19 and associated quarantine can be enormous for the elderly. Being at higher risk for serious illnesses results in them being further isolated at a time of prolonged social distancing. In the following suicide-attempt cases, we examine the effects of quarantine and a global pandemic that expose the elderly to increased risk for negative mental health outcomes. Examining defense mechanisms and the effects of quarantine may help healthcare professionals better identify individuals at higher risk during times of crises that warrant isolation and quarantine, and provide appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hophing
- Department of Psychiatry, 2042Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Arnabh Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, 2042Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Theresa Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, 2042Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Labs, 2042Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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14
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Jutai JW, Tuazon JR. The role of assistive technology in addressing social isolation, loneliness and health inequities among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2022; 17:248-259. [PMID: 34978947 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2021.2021305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assistive technology (AT) is an effective tool to promote social connectedness among older adults affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, its role in reducing loneliness and health inequities is not well understood. The goal of this scoping review was to construct a model for how technologies may be deployed to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social isolation, loneliness and health inequities for older adults. METHODS PubMed, SCOPUS and PsychINFO were searched from 2010 to 2020 for the following keywords: "social isolation," "loneliness," "social support," "resilience," "technology," "pandemic" and "health inequit*." Articles selected for full analysis attempted to understand how technology alleviates social isolation and/or loneliness among older adults. RESULTS Eighteen articles met the criteria for selection and data extraction. Six were review-type studies, seven were observational, three were randomized control trials, one opinion piece and one case study. ATs have been shown to reduce loneliness and social isolation, strengthen social support, and promote resilience among older adults. AT reduces loneliness both directly and indirectly, by affecting social isolation. There is insufficient evidence to determine technology's relationship to health inequities experienced by older adults. CONCLUSIONS The model we have proposed should help advance research on the relationship between ATs and health inequities among older adults that may be aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesize that AT interventions for social support and functional competence should be sequenced to reduce health disparities.Implications for rehabilitationThe social distancing and quarantine measures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic can be linked to adverse health outcomes among older adult populations.Technology is an effective tool to promote social connectedness among older adults affected by the pandemic.Assistive technology (AT) interventions for social support and functional competence should be sequenced in order to have best effects on reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Jutai
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences and LIFE Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joshua R Tuazon
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Wu CY, Mattek N, Wild K, Miller LM, Kaye JA, Silbert LC, Dodge HH. Can changes in social contact (frequency and mode) mitigate low mood before and during the COVID-19 pandemic? The I-CONECT project. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:669-676. [PMID: 34881436 PMCID: PMC8904274 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global outbreak allowed a natural experiment to observe how older adults changed social patterns and how it affected their emotional well-being. We studied the frequency and modes of social contact and their effects on older adults' mood before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Phone-based surveys were administered weekly before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. SETTING Participants were recruited from Portland, Oregon, and Detroit, Michigan. PARTICIPANTS Older adults ≥75 years old (n = 155, age = 81.0 ± 4.5, 72.3% women) were included in a randomized controlled trial, the Internet-Based Conversational Engagement Clinical Trial (I-CONECT). MEASUREMENTS Low mood was self-reported as feeling downhearted or blue for three or more days in the past week. Social contact was self-reported by the amount of time spent in interactions, with whom (family, friends, others), and via which modes (in-person, phone/video call, text/email/letter). RESULTS A total of 5525 weeks of data were derived from 155 participants. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, average social interaction time spent in-person, on phone/video call, and via text/email/letter was 406, 141, and 68 min/week, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, time spent in-person was reduced by 135 min/week, while time spent via phone/video call and writing increased by 33 and 26 mins/week, respectively. In-person family contact was associated with less low mood regardless of the pandemic (odds ratio = 0.92, p < 0.05). There was a COVID-19 × text/email/letter with friends interaction (odds ratio = 0.77, p = 0.03), suggesting that during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase of 1 h of writing with friends per week was associated with a 23% decrease in the likelihood of experiencing low mood. CONCLUSION The lost in-person time relating to COVID-19 restrictions tended to be partially compensated for with increased calls and writing time, although overall social interaction time decreased. During the COVID-19 pandemic, at least two types of social interactions (writing to friends and in-person family time) showed promise for mitigating low mood for older adults with limited social resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nora Mattek
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katherine Wild
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lyndsey M. Miller
- Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon,School of Nursing, OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey A. Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon,Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon,Oregon Center for Aging & Technology (ORCATECH), OHSU, Portland, Oregon
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16
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Wolman L, Atack L, Khan S, Zwicker S, de la Cruz C, Roy L, Arbeid E. Older adults’ experiences of social distancing and the role of the community center during COVID-19. QUALITY IN AGEING AND OLDER ADULTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/qaoa-01-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Although very much needed from an infection control perspective, there is deep concern about the impact of social distancing during COVID-19, particularly on older adults.
Design/methodology/approach
A phenomenological design was used to gain insight into older adults’ experiences of living with social distancing during the first wave of COVID-19. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight older adults.
Findings
Six themes were identified: a smaller life, feelings of unease, resilience, connection to the community centre, technology: a boon, but one with limitations, and the way through social distancing.
Originality/value
This study captures older adults’ experiences early in COVID-19. Findings indicate that there is much we can learn from these older adults regarding social isolation that could apply to other older adults and potentially other age groups during the time of pandemic and beyond.
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17
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Keen S, Lomeli-Rodriguez M, Joffe H. From Challenge to Opportunity: Virtual Qualitative Research During COVID-19 and Beyond. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE METHODS 2022; 21:16094069221105075. [PMID: 35692956 PMCID: PMC9167989 DOI: 10.1177/16094069221105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has required researchers to adapt methodologies for remote data collection. While virtual interviewing has traditionally received limited attention in the qualitative literature, recent adaptations to the pandemic have prompted increased discussion and adoption. Yet, current discussion has focussed on practical and ethical concerns and retained a tone of compromise, of coping in a crisis. This paper extends the nascent conversations begun prior to the pandemic to consider the wider methodological implications of video-call interviews. Beyond the short-term, practical challenges of the pandemic, these adaptations demonstrate scope for longer-term, beneficial digitalisation of both traditional and emergent interview methods. Updating traditional interview methods digitally has demonstrated how conversion to video interviewing proves beneficial in its own right. Virtual focus-group-based research during COVID-19, for example, accessed marginalised populations and elicited notable rapport and rich data, uniting people in synchronous conversation across many environments. Moreover, emergent interview methods such as the Grid Elaboration Method (a specialised free-associative method) demonstrated further digitalised enhancements, including effective online recruitment with flexible scheduling, virtual interactions with significant rapport, and valuable recording and transcription functions. This paper looks beyond the pandemic to future research contexts where such forms of virtual interviewing may confer unique advantages: supporting researcher and participant populations with mobility challenges; enhancing international research where researcher presence or travel may be problematic. When opportunities for traditional face-to-face methods return, the opportunity for virtual innovation should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Keen
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London
| | - Martha Lomeli-Rodriguez
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London
| | - Helene Joffe
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London
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18
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Hajek A, König H. Frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet and psychosocial factors in middle-aged and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from the German Ageing Survey. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37:10.1002/gps.5623. [PMID: 34505322 PMCID: PMC8646763 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have examined the association between frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet and psychosocial factors (in terms of loneliness, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms). However, far less is known about such a link during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly based on nationally representative samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine this association among middle-aged/older adults. METHODS/DESIGN Data were taken from the short survey of the German Ageing Survey (June/July 2020, 3134 individuals in the analytical sample). The De Jong Gierveld scale was used to quantify loneliness, the Satisfaction with Life Scale was used to quantify life satisfaction and the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression was used to quantify depressive symptoms. RESULTS Regressions showed that-compared to daily users-less frequent users of the internet for contact with friends and relatives reported increased loneliness, lower life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms. With regard to covariates, better psychosocial factors were associated with medium education (compared to low education), living with partner in the same household (compared to singles), better self-rated health, and favourable COVID-19 factors (in terms of decreased feeling that the Corona crisis is a threat for oneself, not having an infection with the coronavirus and an increased feeling that you can influence an infection with the coronavirus yourself). CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that individuals with a high frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet reported better psychosocial factors. Future research in other cultural settings are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services ResearchUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health EconomicsHamburgGermany
| | - Hans‐Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services ResearchUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health EconomicsHamburgGermany
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19
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Zhang K, Kim K, Silverstein NM, Song Q, Burr JA. Social Media Communication and Loneliness Among Older Adults: The Mediating Roles of Social Support and Social Contact. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:888-896. [PMID: 33284972 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Social media communication offers a medium for helping older people stay socially and emotionally connected with others. This study investigated the association between social media communication with close social ties and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults. The study also examined the mediating roles of social support and social contact. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (2010/2012 and 2014/2016) were used to address the research questions (N = 7,524). A path model was estimated to examine the association between social media communication and older adults' loneliness. We also examined whether the association between social media communication and loneliness was mediated by perceived social support from close social ties (children, other family members, and friends) and frequency of contact with social network members (phone, in-person contact, and writing letters/e-mail). RESULTS The results showed that frequent social media communication was associated with lower levels of loneliness, adjusting for previous levels of loneliness. The relationship between social media communication and loneliness was mediated by perceived social support and social contact. Thus, social media communication was associated with higher levels of perceived social support and social contact, which were related to lower levels of loneliness among older adults. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggested that social media communication may be considered an intervention to reduce loneliness among older people by increasing levels of social support and social contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
| | | | - Qian Song
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Burr
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
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20
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Kluck JP, Stoyanova F, Krämer NC. Putting the social back into physical distancing: The role of digital connections in a pandemic crisis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 56:594-606. [PMID: 33615476 PMCID: PMC8013576 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing is necessary to reduce the spread of the coronavirus. To compensate for the lack of social encounters, people have been advised to connect with others via digital communication channels. Drawing on a psychological framework combined with assumptions from communication science, we therefore investigated whether technology-mediated communication can actually meet individuals' social needs to foster compliance with distancing measures and whether there are differences between distinct communication channels. Based on an online survey (N = 301) during the first national lockdown in Germany, we found that the impact of audio-visual communication is limited. Instead, the data showed that text-based communication indirectly fostered willingness to adhere to physical distancing through the pathway of increased feelings of social support and life satisfaction. Three follow-up surveys (N = 180) revealed that while feelings of social support increased, people's technology-based communication and willingness to adhere to distancing measures decreased. Our results challenge the assumption that audio-visual communication compensates for lack of physical contact more effectively than text-based communication. This study highlights the potential of text-based communication to increase feelings of social support, which may be particularly important during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Kluck
- University of Duisburg‐EssenSocial Psychology: Media and CommunicationDuisburgGermany
| | - Filipa Stoyanova
- University of Duisburg‐EssenSocial Psychology: Media and CommunicationDuisburgGermany
| | - Nicole C. Krämer
- University of Duisburg‐EssenSocial Psychology: Media and CommunicationDuisburgGermany
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21
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Chu CH, Ronquillo C, Khan S, Hung L, Boscart V. Technology Recommendations to Support Person-Centered Care in Long-Term Care Homes during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. J Aging Soc Policy 2021; 33:539-554. [PMID: 34278980 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2021.1927620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed persistent inequities in the long-term care sector and brought strict social/physical distancing distancing and public health quarantine guidelines that inadvertently put long-term care residents at risk for social isolation and loneliness. Virtual communication and technologies have come to the forefront as the primary mode for residents to maintain connections with their loved ones and the outside world; yet, many long-term care homes do not have the technological capabilities to support modern day technologies. There is an urgent need to replace antiquated technological infrastructures to enable person-centered care and prevent potentially irreversible cognitive and psychological declines by ensuring residents are able to maintain important relationships with their family and friends. To this end, we provide five technological recommendations to support the ethos of person-centered care in residential long-term care homes during the pandemic and in a post-COVID-19 pandemic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene H Chu
- Assistant Professor, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Assistant Professor (cross-appointed), Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Affiliate Scientist, KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institution, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlene Ronquillo
- Scientist, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Shehroz Khan
- Affiliate Scientist, KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institution, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian Hung
- Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of British of Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Veronique Boscart
- Affiliate Scientist, KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institution, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Executive Dean, School of Health & Life Sciences, Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Abstract
Abstract
Affect and cognition have both been associated with communication across one's social network during ageing. Thus, it is important to consider how communication varies by different aspects of one's social network, and by communication mode, including phone, email and social media. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between technology-mediated communication, depression and an executive function-related fluid-reasoning measure among older adults. Data were drawn from the Health and Retirement dataset's 2016 wave. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the link between communication modes (phone, email and social media) with children, family and friends with a fluid-reasoning cognition measure and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, controlling for demographic covariates, among 3,798 older American adults. Phone and email communication, but not social media, were significantly related to depression and cognition. The model fit was considerably stronger for the analyses with cognition than depression. Curvilinear associations were found for communication via phone and email with cognition, suggesting moderate amounts of communication by phone and email across social groups were most closely linked with higher scores on fluid reasoning. For depression, curvilinear relationships were found for talking on the phone with family and friends, and emailing for children and family, indicating that moderate communication levels revealed the lowest depression levels. Implications for how older adults’ social support may contribute to depression and cognition status are discussed.
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23
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Gugliucci MR, Weaver SA, Lin A. Vet to Vet Maine: A Pilot Study Measuring Effectiveness of a Veteran Companion Program in Reducing Social Isolation and Loneliness. JOURNAL OF VETERANS STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.21061/jvs.v7i1.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
As the number of older adults is expected to increase exponentially within the next few decades, loneliness, social isolation, and depression among seniors are growing public health concerns. Although formal treatment options, such as therapy and medication, can be helpful for depression, they can also be expensive and sometimes ineffective. It is therefore important to consider other potential treatment options and social interventions. Alternative methods for addressing mental health issues are especially important for older adults, as they may encounter barriers associated with aging such as limited mobility and decreased social networks. In these circumstances, online social networking may offer a potential "social cure" to alleviate loneliness, social isolation, and depression. The purpose of this scoping review was to gather and summarize the current literature on associations between online social networking and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, life satisfaction, loneliness) among older adults. An initial search of 3,699 articles resulted in 52 articles that met criteria for inclusion. Five common themes were identified: (1) enhanced communication with family and friends, (2) greater independence and self-efficacy, (3) creation of online communities, (4) positive associations with well-being and life satisfaction, and (5) decreased depressive symptoms. Implications for older adults' mental health, social connectedness, programs and policies are discussed.
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25
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Boucher EM, McNaughton EC, Harake N, Stafford JL, Parks AC. The Impact of a Digital Intervention (Happify) on Loneliness During COVID-19: Qualitative Focus Group. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e26617. [PMID: 33498011 PMCID: PMC7872202 DOI: 10.2196/26617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a growing area of concern, attracting attention as a public health concern due to its association with a variety of psychological and physical health problems. However, interventions targeting loneliness are less common than interventions for other mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, and existing interventions focus primarily on building social skills and increasing opportunities for social interaction despite research suggesting these techniques are not the most effective. Furthermore, although there is an increasing need for scalable and convenient interventions, digital interventions for loneliness are even less common. OBJECTIVE Using a qualitative approach, we explore how adults (18-64 years of age) who express wanting to be more connected to others experience loneliness and react to a digital mental health intervention targeting loneliness. METHODS A total of 11 participants were recruited from a pilot randomized controlled trial exploring the impact of a digital mental health intervention, Happify Health, on loneliness among adults aged 18-64 years who indicated wanting to feel more connected to others when signing up for the platform. Participants were invited to participate in a 3-day asynchronous focus group about their experiences with loneliness, with Happify Health, and with social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. All 11 participants completed the focus group in May 2020. RESULTS Participants' responses were coded using thematic analysis, which led to identifying five themes, each with separate subthemes, that could be applied across the 3-day focus group: loneliness, relationships, social distancing, skill acquisition, and coping. Overall, we observed variability across participants in terms of the source of their loneliness, their perceptions of their social connections, and their motivation to reduce feelings of loneliness; however, participants commonly referred to negative self-perceptions as a cause or consequence of loneliness. Participants also varied in the extent to which they felt social distancing increased or decreased feelings of loneliness. In regard to the intervention, participants showed evidence of adopting skills they used to address their loneliness, particularly mindfulness and gratitude, and then using these skills to shift toward more active coping strategies following the intervention, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity in participants' experiences with loneliness described during this focus group emphasizes the subjective and complex nature of loneliness. This highlights the importance of developing loneliness interventions that use a variety of strategies, including both direct and indirect strategies for reducing loneliness. However, based on our data, a key component to loneliness interventions is incorporating strategies for addressing underlying negative self-perceptions that stem from, but also contribute to, loneliness. This data also provides preliminary evidence that digital platforms may be an effective tool for disseminating loneliness interventions while providing the added benefit of offering a productive distraction when feeling lonely.
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26
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Hajek A, König HH. Social Isolation and Loneliness of Older Adults in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Use of Online Social Media Sites and Video Chats Assist in Mitigating Social Isolation and Loneliness? Gerontology 2020; 67:121-124. [PMID: 33264778 PMCID: PMC7801987 DOI: 10.1159/000512793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global burden. Epidemiological data suggest that the severity of COVID-19, in particular its case fatality rate, rises strongly with age. It is possible that neither a vaccine nor an effective treatment will be available for >1 year. Thus, it may be necessary for older adults to protect themselves by avoiding direct social contact and practicing social distancing for a rather long period of time. This may result in loneliness and social isolation because, for example, grandchildren cannot visit their grandparents. In turn, both loneliness and social isolation can have serious deleterious consequences (e.g., in terms of morbidity and mortality). Thus, the question arises: are there ways to mitigate loneliness and social isolation? One way to stay in contact is to use online social media such as Facebook or using video calling software such as Skype. However, there are very few studies examining whether the use of online social media or video chats are associated with loneliness and social isolation in older adults. We sum up some preliminary findings and make a call for further research on the link between online social media use/video chat and loneliness, as well as social isolation, in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Tan LF, Tee LYS, Seetharaman SK. Virtual Intergenerational Therapy: New Platforms for Engagement of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Crisis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:1330-1331. [PMID: 33011070 PMCID: PMC7501518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng Tan
- Division of Healthy Aging, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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28
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Meisner BA, Boscart V, Gaudreau P, Stolee P, Ebert P, Heyer M, Kadowaki L, Kelly C, Levasseur M, Massie AS, Menec V, Middleton L, Sheiban Taucar L, Thornton WL, Tong C, van den Hoonaard DK, Wilson K. Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approaches Needed to Determine Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults and Aging: CAG/ACG and CJA/ RCV Joint Statement. Can J Aging 2020; 39:333-343. [PMID: 32408910 PMCID: PMC7287299 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980820000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent state of public emergency have significantly affected older adults in Canada and worldwide. It is imperative that the gerontological response be efficient and effective. In this statement, the board members of the Canadian Association on Gerontology/L'Association canadienne de gérontologie (CAG/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of CAG/ACG members and CJA/RCV readers. We also profile the complex ways that COVID-19 is affecting older adults, from individual to population levels, and advocate for the adoption of multidisciplinary collaborative teams to bring together different perspectives, areas of expertise, and methods of evaluation in the COVID-19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A. Meisner
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University
| | - Veronique Boscart
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Health & Life Sciences/Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, Conestoga College
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal
| | - Paul Stolee
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo
| | - Patricia Ebert
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Seniors Health Services, Alberta Health Services/Department of Psychology, University of Calgary
| | - Michelle Heyer
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- School of Health & Life Sciences/Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, Conestoga College
| | - Laura Kadowaki
- Student Connection, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University
| | - Christine Kelly
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke
| | - Ariane S. Massie
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University
- Student Connection, Canadian Association on Gerontology
| | - Verena Menec
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Laura Middleton
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo
| | - Linda Sheiban Taucar
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- School of Health & Life Sciences/Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, Conestoga College
| | - Wendy Loken Thornton
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University
| | - Catherine Tong
- Editorial Board, Canadian Journal on Aging
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo
| | | | - Kimberley Wilson
- Board of Directors, Canadian Association on Gerontology
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph
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La nécessité des approches interdisciplinaires et collaboratives pour évaluer l'impact de la COVID-19 sur les personnes âgées et le vieillissement: déclaration conjointe de l'ACG / CAG et de la RCV / CJA. Can J Aging 2020; 39:487-499. [PMID: 32782031 PMCID: PMC7653488 DOI: 10.1017/s071498082000032x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
La pandémie de la COVID-19 et l’état d’urgence publique qui en a découlé ont eu des répercussions significatives sur les personnes âgées au Canada et à travers le monde. Il est impératif que le domaine de la gérontologie réponde efficacement à cette situation. Dans la présente déclaration, les membres du conseil d’administration de l’Association canadienne de gérontologie/Canadian Association on Gerontology (ACG/CAG) et ceux du comité de rédaction de La Revue canadienne du vieillissement/Canadian Journal on Aging (RCV/CJA) reconnaissent la contribution des membres de l’ACG/CAG et des lecteurs de la RCV/CJA. Les auteurs exposent les voies complexes par lesquelles la COVID-19 affecte les personnes âgées, allant du niveau individuel au niveau populationnel. Ils préconisent une approche impliquant des équipes collaboratives pluridisciplinaires, regroupant divers champs de compétences, et différentes perspectives et méthodes d’évaluation de l’impact de la COVID-19.
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Kim J, Lee HY, Won CR, Barr T, Merighi JR. Older adults' technology use and its association with health and depressive symptoms: Findings from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Nurs Outlook 2020; 68:560-572. [PMID: 32527596 PMCID: PMC7205676 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Information and communication technology (ICT) provides older adults with access to information and resources that benefit their health. Purpose To explore ICT use among older adults and examine the influence of information technology (IT), communication technology (CT), or ICT use on older adults' self-rated health status and depressive symptoms. Method A sample of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older in the United States (N = 4,976) from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Findings Older adults who embraced ICT and used this technology for a variety of purposes were more likely to report better health status, and were less likely to experience major depressive symptoms than nonusers. Discussion In accordance with the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, nursing professional can play an important role by responding to older adults' diverse technology preferences and effectively incorporating them into nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehoon Kim
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID.
| | - Hee Yun Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Cho Rong Won
- School of Social Work, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Tina Barr
- Department of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC
| | - Joseph R Merighi
- School of Social Work, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN
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Banskota S, Healy M, Goldberg EM. 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic. West J Emerg Med 2020; 21:514-525. [PMID: 32302279 PMCID: PMC7234684 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of well-being, healthcare, and social connection is crucial for older adults (OA) and has become a topic of debate as much of the world faces lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OAs have been advised to isolate themselves because they are at higher risk for developing serious complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Additionally, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities across the country have closed their doors to visitors to protect their residents. Mobile technology such as applications (apps) could provide a valuable tool to help families stay connected, and to help OAs maintain mobility and link them to resources that encourage physical and mental well-being. Apps could address cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments. Our objective was to narratively summarize 15 apps that address physical and cognitive limitations and have the potential to improve OAs' quality of life, especially during social distancing or self-quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swechya Banskota
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Elizabeth M Goldberg
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Health Services, Practice and Policy, Providence, Rhode Island
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32
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Stop bashing the suburbs: Mobility limitations of older residents are less relevant as connectivity options expand. J Aging Stud 2019; 50:100793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2019.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Technology, Communication, Mood, and Aging: An Emerging Picture. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 27:263-265. [PMID: 30642649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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