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Ramirez AM, Bertholim-Nasciben L, Moura S, Coombs LE, Rajabli F, DeRosa BA, Whitehead PG, Adams LD, Starks TD, Mena P, Illannes-Manrique M, Tejada SJ, Byrd GS, Caban-Holt A, Cuccaro M, McInerney K, Cornejo-Olivas M, Feliciano-Astacio B, Wang L, Robayo MC, Xu W, Jin F, Pericak-Vance MA, Griswold AJ, Dykxhoorn DM, Young JI, Vance JM. Ancestral Genomic Functional Differences in Oligodendroglia: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-5338140. [PMID: 39678342 PMCID: PMC11643296 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5338140/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
Background This study aims to elucidate ancestry-specific changes to the genomic regulatory architecture in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived oligodendroglia, focusing on their implications for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This work addresses the lack of diversity in previous iPSC studies by including ancestries that contribute to African American (European/African) and Hispanic/Latino populations (Amerindian/African/European). Methods We generated 12 iPSC lines-four African, four Amerindian, and four European- from both AD patients and non-cognitively impaired individuals, with varying APOE genotypes (APOE3/3 and APOE4/4). These lines were differentiated into neural spheroids containing oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Single-nuclei RNA sequencing and ATAC sequencing were employed to analyze transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiles, respectively. Differential gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and Hi-C analyses were conducted, followed by pathway analysis to interpret the results. Results We identified ancestry-specific differences in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. Notably, numerous AD GWAS-associated genes were differentially expressed across ancestries. The largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in European vs. Amerindian and African vs. Amerindian iPSC-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Pathway analysis of APOE4/4 carriers vs APOE3/3 carriers exhibited upregulation of a large number of disease and metabolic pathways in APOE4/4 individuals of all ancestries. Of particular interest was that APOE4/4 carriers had significantly upregulated cholesterol biosynthesis genes relative to APOE3/3 individuals across all ancestries, strongest in iOPCs. Comparison of iOPC and iOL transcriptome data with corresponding human frontal cortex data demonstrated a high correlation (R2 > 0.85). Conclusions This research emphasizes the importance of including diverse ancestries in AD research to uncover critical gene expression differences between populations and ancestries that may influence disease susceptibility and therapeutic interventions. The upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis genes in APOE4/4 carriers of all three ancestries supports the concept that APOE4 may produce disease effects early in life, which could have therapeutic implications as we move forward towards specific therapy for APOE4 carriers. These findings and the high correlation between brain and iPSC-derived OPC and OL transcriptomes support the relevance of this approach as a model for disease study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura M Ramirez
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | | | - Sofia Moura
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Lauren E Coombs
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Farid Rajabli
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Brooke A DeRosa
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Patrice G Whitehead
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Larry D Adams
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Takiyah D Starks
- Wake Forest School of Medicine: Wake Forest University School of Medicine
| | - Pedro Mena
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | | | - Sergio J Tejada
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- Wake Forest School of Medicine: Wake Forest University School of Medicine
| | - Allison Caban-Holt
- Wake Forest School of Medicine: Wake Forest University School of Medicine
| | - Michael Cuccaro
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Katalina McInerney
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Mario Cornejo-Olivas
- Universidad Científica del Sur Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud: Universidad Cientifica del Sur Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
| | | | - Liyong Wang
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Maria C Robayo
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Wanying Xu
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | - Fulai Jin
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
| | | | - Anthony J Griswold
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Juan I Young
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine: University of Miami School of Medicine
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Xia R, Jian X, Rodrigue AL, Bressler J, Boerwinkle E, Cui B, Daviglus ML, DeCarli C, Gallo LC, Glahn DC, Knowles EEM, Moon J, Mosley TH, Satizabal CL, Sofer T, Tarraf W, Testai F, Blangero J, Seshadri S, González HM, Fornage M. Admixture mapping of cognitive function in diverse Hispanic and Latino adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:6070-6081. [PMID: 38946675 PMCID: PMC11497725 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We conducted admixture mapping and fine-mapping analyses to identify ancestry-of-origin loci influencing cognitive abilities. METHODS We estimated the association of local ancestry intervals across the genome with five neurocognitive measures in 7140 diverse Hispanic and Latino adults (mean age 55 years). We prioritized genetic variants in associated loci and tested them for replication in four independent cohorts. RESULTS We identified nine local ancestry-associated regions for the five neurocognitive measures. There was strong biological support for the observed associations to cognitive function at all loci and there was statistical evidence of independent replication at 4q12, 9p22.1, and 13q12.13. DISCUSSION Our study identified multiple novel loci harboring genes implicated in cognitive functioning and dementia, and uncovered ancestry-relevant genetic variants. It adds to our understanding of the genetic architecture of cognitive function in Hispanic and Latino adults and demonstrates the power of admixture mapping to discover unique haplotypes influencing cognitive function, complementing genome-wide association studies. HIGHLIGHTS We identified nine ancestry-of-origin chromosomal regions associated with five neurocognitive traits. In each associated region, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that explained, at least in part, the admixture signal and were tested for replication in independent samples of Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic/Latino adults with the same or similar neurocognitive tests. Statistical evidence of independent replication of the prioritized SNPs was observed for three of the nine associations, at chr4q12, chr9p22.1, and chr13q12.13. At all loci, there was strong biological support for the observed associations to cognitive function and dementia, prioritizing genes such as KIT, implicated in autophagic clearance of neurotoxic proteins and on mast cell and microglial-mediated inflammation; SLC24A2, implicated in synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory; and MTMR6, implicated in phosphoinositide lipids metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Amanda L. Rodrigue
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public HealthThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public HealthThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Biqi Cui
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health ResearchUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jee‐Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology & Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Population Health SciencesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- CardioVascular InstituteBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology & Department of Healthcare SciencesWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Fernando Testai
- Department of Neurology and RehabilitationUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity InstituteUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyBrownsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Hector M. González
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public HealthThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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Mustafin RN, Khusnutdinova EK. Involvement of transposable elements in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:228-238. [PMID: 38680184 PMCID: PMC11043511 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease affects an average of 5 % of the population with a significant increase in prevalence with age, suggesting that the same mechanisms that underlie aging may influence this pathology. Investigation of these mechanisms is promising for effective methods of treatment and prevention of the disease. Possible participants in these mechanisms are transposons, which serve as drivers of epigenetic regulation, since they form species-specific distributions of non-coding RNA genes in genomes in evolution. Study of miRNA involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is relevant, since the associations of protein-coding genes (APOE4, ABCA7, BIN1, CLU, CR1, PICALM, TREM2) with the disease revealed as a result of GWAS make it difficult to explain its complex pathogenesis. Specific expression changes of many genes were found in different brain parts of Alzheimer's patients, which may be due to global regulatory changes under the influence of transposons. Experimental and clinical studies have shown pathological activation of retroelements in Alzheimer's disease. Our analysis of scientific literature in accordance with MDTE DB revealed 28 miRNAs derived from transposons (17 from LINE, 5 from SINE, 4 from HERV, 2 from DNA transposons), the expression of which specifically changes in this disease (decreases in 17 and increases in 11 microRNA). Expression of 13 out of 28 miRNAs (miR-151a, -192, -211, -28, -31, -320c, -335, -340, -378a, -511, -576, -708, -885) also changes with aging and cancer development, which indicates the presence of possible common pathogenetic mechanisms. Most of these miRNAs originated from LINE retroelements, the pathological activation of which is associated with aging, carcinogenesis, and Alzheimer's disease, which supports the hypothesis that these three processes are based on the primary dysregulation of transposons that serve as drivers of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E K Khusnutdinova
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
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Koumoundourou A, Rannap M, De Bruyckere E, Nestel S, Reissner C, Egorov AV, Liu P, Missler M, Heimrich B, Draguhn A, Britsch S. Regulation of hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 synapse function by a Bcl11b/C1ql2/Nrxn3(25b+) pathway. eLife 2024; 12:RP89854. [PMID: 38358390 PMCID: PMC10942602 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Bcl11b has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with synaptic dysfunction. Bcl11b is highly expressed in dentate gyrus granule neurons and is required for the structural and functional integrity of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remained unclear. We show in mice that the synaptic organizer molecule C1ql2 is a direct functional target of Bcl11b that regulates synaptic vesicle recruitment and long-term potentiation at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate C1ql2 to exert its functions through direct interaction with a specific splice variant of neurexin-3, Nrxn3(25b+). Interruption of C1ql2-Nrxn3(25b+) interaction by expression of a non-binding C1ql2 mutant or by deletion of Nrxn3 in the dentate gyrus granule neurons recapitulates major parts of the Bcl11b as well as C1ql2 mutant phenotype. Together, this study identifies a novel C1ql2-Nrxn3(25b+)-dependent signaling pathway through which Bcl11b controls mossy fiber-CA3 synapse function. Thus, our findings contribute to the mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders accompanied by synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Märt Rannap
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Sigrun Nestel
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Carsten Reissner
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Alexei V Egorov
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Pengtao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell BiologyHong KongChina
| | - Markus Missler
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Britsch
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
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5
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Nuytemans K, Rajabli F, Jean-Francois M, Kurup JT, Adams LD, Starks TD, Whitehead PL, Kunkle BW, Caban-Holt A, Haines JL, Cuccaro ML, Vance JM, Byrd GS, Beecham GW, Reitz C, Pericak-Vance MA. Genetic analyses in multiplex families confirms chromosome 5q35 as a risk locus for Alzheimer's Disease in individuals of African Ancestry. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:125-133. [PMID: 37952397 PMCID: PMC11131578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of genetic studies of Alzheimer Disease (AD) in individuals of African Ancestry, despite evidence suggesting increased risk of AD in the African American (AA) population. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and multipoint linkage analyses in 51 multi-generational AA AD families ascertained through the Research in African American Alzheimer Disease Initiative (REAAADI) and the National Institute on Aging Late Onset Alzheimer's disease (NIA-LOAD) Family Based Study. Variants were prioritized on minor allele frequency (<0.01), functional potential of coding and noncoding variants, co-segregation with AD and presence in multi-ancestry ADSP release 3 WGS data. We identified a significant linkage signal on chromosome 5q35 (HLOD=3.3) driven by nine families. Haplotype segregation analysis in the family with highest LOD score identified a 3'UTR variant in INSYN2B with the most functional evidence. Four other linked AA families harbor within-family shared variants located in INSYN2B's promoter or enhancer regions. This AA family-based finding shows the importance of diversifying population-level genetic data to better understand the genetic determinants of AD on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Nuytemans
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Farid Rajabli
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Melissa Jean-Francois
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jiji Thulaseedhara Kurup
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on the Aging Brain, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry D Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Takiyah D Starks
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Patrice L Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Allison Caban-Holt
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on the Aging Brain, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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6
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Reitz C, Pericak-Vance MA, Foroud T, Mayeux R. A global view of the genetic basis of Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:261-277. [PMID: 37024647 PMCID: PMC10686263 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) increases with age, family history and informative genetic variants. Sadly, there is still no cure or means of prevention. As in other complex diseases, uncovering genetic causes of AD could identify underlying pathological mechanisms and lead to potential treatments. Rare, autosomal dominant forms of AD occur in middle age as a result of highly penetrant genetic mutations, but the most common form of AD occurs later in life. Large-scale, genome-wide analyses indicate that 70 or more genes or loci contribute to AD. One of the major factors limiting progress is that most genetic data have been obtained from non-Hispanic white individuals in Europe and North America, preventing the development of personalized approaches to AD in individuals of other ethnicities. Fortunately, emerging genetic data from other regions - including Africa, Asia, India and South America - are now providing information on the disease from a broader range of ethnicities. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on AD genetics in populations across the world. We predominantly focus on replicated genetic discoveries but also include studies in ethnic groups where replication might not be feasible. We attempt to identify gaps that need to be addressed to achieve a complete picture of the genetic and molecular factors that drive AD in individuals across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Andrade-Guerrero J, Santiago-Balmaseda A, Jeronimo-Aguilar P, Vargas-Rodríguez I, Cadena-Suárez AR, Sánchez-Garibay C, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Diaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-Herrero M, Luna-Muñoz J, Soto-Rojas LO. Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Overview of Its Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043754. [PMID: 36835161 PMCID: PMC9966419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. It is classified as familial and sporadic. The dominant familial or autosomal presentation represents 1-5% of the total number of cases. It is categorized as early onset (EOAD; <65 years of age) and presents genetic mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), or the Amyloid precursor protein (APP). Sporadic AD represents 95% of the cases and is categorized as late-onset (LOAD), occurring in patients older than 65 years of age. Several risk factors have been identified in sporadic AD; aging is the main one. Nonetheless, multiple genes have been associated with the different neuropathological events involved in LOAD, such as the pathological processing of Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and Tau protein, as well as synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunctions, neurovascular alterations, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, among others. Interestingly, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) technology, many polymorphisms associated with LOAD have been identified. This review aims to analyze the new genetic findings that are closely related to the pathophysiology of AD. Likewise, it analyzes the multiple mutations identified to date through GWAS that are associated with a high or low risk of developing this neurodegeneration. Understanding genetic variability will allow for the identification of early biomarkers and opportune therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Andrade-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Paola Jeronimo-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Vargas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Ruth Cadena-Suárez
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Maria-del-Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros 51000, Dominican Republic
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad-Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuatitlan 53150, Edomex, Mexico
- National Brain Bank-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo 1423, Dominican Republic
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4, Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Red MEDICI, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edomex, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (L.O.S.-R.); Tel.: +52-55-45-23-41-20 (J.L.-M.); +52-55-39-37-94-30 (L.O.S.-R.)
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Zhang MN, Shi YD, Jiang HY. The risk of dementia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:769-775. [PMID: 35325272 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and dementia share similar pathological mechanisms, but no consensus has yet emerged on the effect that IBD and dementia are associated. To explore such a possible correlation, we summarize herein the epidemiological evidence. We subject relevant studies to meta-analysis. METHODS We comprehensively searched Pubmed and Embase for relevant articles published to Dec 2021. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the effect; we calculated the generic inverse variance using a random-effects model. RESULTS Seven studies involving 65,454 patients with dementia were included in the meta-analysis. The overall risk of dementia in IBD patients was significantly higher than that in the general population (risk ratio [RR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.68; P = 0.008). The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with the overall results. The risk of Alzheimer's disease was higher in IBD patients (RR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.1, 7.04; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that IBD may be a potential risk indicator for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Na Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
| | - Yu-Dan Shi
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Yin Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Sukumaran P, Chalela P, Aguilar RP, Despres C, McAlister A, Ramirez AG. Using Tweetchats to Build Community Awareness and Advocacy around Alzheimer's Disease for Latinos. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:281-288. [PMID: 34010112 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1927258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
U.S. Latinos are 1.5 times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) than non-Latino Whites. To raise awareness of and action around this rising public health issue, Salud America!, a national Latino health advocacy network, organized three #SaludTues tweetchats on Twitter between 2018 and 2020. For the three Alzheimer's tweetchats ─Aug. 14, 2018, June 6, 2019, and Oct. 6, 2020─Salud America! partnered with global groups that advocate for AD solutions in Latino and other communities. We analyzed the three tweetchats' #Saludtues hashtag usage, participant demographics, and other metrics using Symplur analytics software. For the first tweetchat in 2018, there were 579 tweets with a total of 3.89 million impressions; the second tweetchat in 2019 had a bigger impact with 704 tweets with 5.72 million impressions; the third tweetchat had the biggest impact with 932 tweets and 6.62 million impressions. Most tweetchat participants were from states with large Latino populations, and most tweets indicated positive sentiment related to increasing awareness of solutions to AD issues among Latinos. The three Alzheimer's-focused #SaludTues tweetchats particularly served as unique testing grounds for the fast dissemination and increasingly exposed many people to the issue of AD and the need to advocate for the Latino community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Sukumaran
- Institute for Health Promotion Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia Chalela
- Institute for Health Promotion Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rosalie P Aguilar
- Institute for Health Promotion Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Cliff Despres
- Institute for Health Promotion Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alfred McAlister
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Amelie G Ramirez
- Institute for Health Promotion Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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10
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Uechi L, Jalali M, Wilbur JD, French JL, Jumbe NL, Meaney MJ, Gluckman PD, Karnani N, Sakhanenko NA, Galas DJ, on behalf of the GUSTO study group. Complex genetic dependencies among growth and neurological phenotypes in healthy children: Towards deciphering developmental mechanisms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242684. [PMID: 33270668 PMCID: PMC7714163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms of childhood development in its many facets remain largely undeciphered. In the population of healthy infants studied in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) program, we have identified a range of dependencies among the observed phenotypes of fetal and early childhood growth, neurological development, and a number of genetic variants. We have quantified these dependencies using our information theory-based methods. The genetic variants show dependencies with single phenotypes as well as pleiotropic effects on more than one phenotype and thereby point to a large number of brain-specific and brain-expressed gene candidates. These dependencies provide a basis for connecting a range of variants with a spectrum of phenotypes (pleiotropy) as well as with each other. A broad survey of known regulatory expression characteristics, and other function-related information from the literature for these sets of candidate genes allowed us to assemble an integrated body of evidence, including a partial regulatory network, that points towards the biological basis of these general dependencies. Notable among the implicated loci are RAB11FIP4 (next to NF1), MTMR7 and PLD5, all highly expressed in the brain; DNMT1 (DNA methyl transferase), highly expressed in the placenta; and PPP1R12B and DMD (dystrophin), known to be important growth and development genes. While we cannot specify and decipher the mechanisms responsible for the phenotypes in this study, a number of connections for further investigation of fetal and early childhood growth and neurological development are indicated. These results and this approach open the door to new explorations of early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Uechi
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mahjoubeh Jalali
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jayson D. Wilbur
- Metrum Research Group, Tariffville, CT, United States of America
| | | | - N. L. Jumbe
- Pharmactuarials LLC, Mountain View, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikita A. Sakhanenko
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJG); (NAS)
| | - David J. Galas
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJG); (NAS)
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11
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Neuner SM, Tcw J, Goate AM. Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104976. [PMID: 32565066 PMCID: PMC7409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in genetic and genomic technologies over the last thirty years have greatly enhanced our knowledge concerning the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several genes including APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE have been shown to exhibit large effects on disease susceptibility, with the remaining risk loci having much smaller effects on AD risk. Notably, common genetic variants impacting AD are not randomly distributed across the genome. Instead, these variants are enriched within regulatory elements active in human myeloid cells, and to a lesser extent liver cells, implicating these cell and tissue types as critical to disease etiology. Integrative approaches are emerging as highly effective for identifying the specific target genes through which AD risk variants act and will likely yield important insights related to potential therapeutic targets in the coming years. In the future, additional consideration of sex- and ethnicity-specific contributions to risk as well as the contribution of complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions will likely be necessary to further improve our understanding of AD genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Neuner
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Nash Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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12
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Naj AC, Lin H, Vardarajan BN, White S, Lancour D, Ma Y, Schmidt M, Sun F, Butkiewicz M, Bush WS, Kunkle BW, Malamon J, Amin N, Choi SH, Hamilton-Nelson KL, van der Lee SJ, Gupta N, Koboldt DC, Saad M, Wang B, Nato AQ, Sohi HK, Kuzma A, Wang LS, Cupples LA, van Duijn C, Seshadri S, Schellenberg GD, Boerwinkle E, Bis JC, Dupuis J, Salerno WJ, Wijsman EM, Martin ER, DeStefano AL. Quality control and integration of genotypes from two calling pipelines for whole genome sequence data in the Alzheimer's disease sequencing project. Genomics 2019; 111:808-818. [PMID: 29857119 PMCID: PMC6397097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 584 subjects from 111 multiplex families at three sequencing centers. Genotype calling of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion-deletion variants (indels) was performed centrally using GATK-HaplotypeCaller and Atlas V2. The ADSP Quality Control (QC) Working Group applied QC protocols to project-level variant call format files (VCFs) from each pipeline, and developed and implemented a novel protocol, termed "consensus calling," to combine genotype calls from both pipelines into a single high-quality set. QC was applied to autosomal bi-allelic SNVs and indels, and included pipeline-recommended QC filters, variant-level QC, and sample-level QC. Low-quality variants or genotypes were excluded, and sample outliers were noted. Quality was assessed by examining Mendelian inconsistencies (MIs) among 67 parent-offspring pairs, and MIs were used to establish additional genotype-specific filters for GATK calls. After QC, 578 subjects remained. Pipeline-specific QC excluded ~12.0% of GATK and 14.5% of Atlas SNVs. Between pipelines, ~91% of SNV genotypes across all QCed variants were concordant; 4.23% and 4.56% of genotypes were exclusive to Atlas or GATK, respectively; the remaining ~0.01% of discordant genotypes were excluded. For indels, variant-level QC excluded ~36.8% of GATK and 35.3% of Atlas indels. Between pipelines, ~55.6% of indel genotypes were concordant; while 10.3% and 28.3% were exclusive to Atlas or GATK, respectively; and ~0.29% of discordant genotypes were. The final WGS consensus dataset contains 27,896,774 SNVs and 3,133,926 indels and is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon White
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Lancour
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Schmidt
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fangui Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariusz Butkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Malamon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kara L Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Namrata Gupta
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mohamad Saad
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alejandro Q Nato
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harkirat K Sohi
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda Kuzma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - William J Salerno
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ellen M Wijsman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Beecham GW, Vardarajan B, Blue E, Bush W, Jaworski J, Barral S, DeStefano A, Hamilton-Nelson K, Kunkle B, Martin ER, Naj A, Rajabli F, Reitz C, Thornton T, van Duijn C, Goate A, Seshadri S, Farrer LA, Boerwinkle E, Schellenberg G, Haines JL, Wijsman E, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA. Rare genetic variation implicated in non-Hispanic white families with Alzheimer disease. Neurol Genet 2018; 4:e286. [PMID: 30569016 PMCID: PMC6278241 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variation influencing late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD), we used a large data set of non-Hispanic white (NHW) extended families multiply-affected by LOAD by performing whole genome sequencing (WGS). METHODS As part of the Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project, WGS data were generated for 197 NHW participants from 42 families (affected individuals and unaffected, elderly relatives). A two-pronged approach was taken. First, variants were prioritized using heterogeneity logarithm of the odds (HLOD) and family-specific LOD scores as well as annotations based on function, frequency, and segregation with disease. Second, known Alzheimer disease (AD) candidate genes were assessed for rare variation using a family-based association test. RESULTS We identified 41 rare, predicted-damaging variants that segregated with disease in the families that contributed to the HLOD or family-specific LOD regions. These included a variant in nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein that segregates with disease in a family with 7 individuals with AD, as well as variants in RP11-433J8, ABCA1, and FISP2. Rare-variant association identified 2 LOAD candidate genes associated with disease in these families: FERMT2 (p-values = 0.001) and SLC24A4 (p-value = 0.009). These genes still showed association while controlling for common index variants, indicating the rare-variant signal is distinct from common variation that initially identified the genes as candidates. CONCLUSIONS We identified multiple genes with putative damaging rare variants that segregate with disease in multiplex AD families and showed that rare variation may influence AD risk at AD candidate genes. These results identify novel AD candidate genes and show a role for rare variation in LOAD etiology, even at genes previously identified by common variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Elizabeth Blue
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - William Bush
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - James Jaworski
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Sandra Barral
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Anita DeStefano
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Kara Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Brian Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Adam Naj
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Farid Rajabli
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Christiane Reitz
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Timothy Thornton
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Allison Goate
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Ellen Wijsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Richard Mayeux
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., J.J., K.H.-N., B.K., E.R.M., F.R., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University; The Gertrude H. Segievsky Center (B.V., S.B., C.R., R.M.), Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital; Division of Medical Genetics (E. Blue, E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Institute for Computational Biology (W.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine; Department of Biostatistics (A.D., S.S., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; School of Medicine (A.N., G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Biostatistics (T.T., E.W.), University of Washington, Seattle; Erasmus Medical University (C.D.), Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.G.), New York, NY; Department of Medicine (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and University of Texas (E. Boerwinkle), Houston
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Cheng R, Tang M, Martinez I, Ayodele T, Baez P, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Lantigua R, Medrano M, Jimenez-Velazquez I, Lee JH, Beecham GW, Reitz C. Linkage analysis of multiplex Caribbean Hispanic families loaded for unexplained early-onset cases identifies novel Alzheimer's disease loci. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING 2018; 10:554-562. [PMID: 30406174 PMCID: PMC6215058 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Less than 10% of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is explained by known mutations. Methods We conducted genetic linkage analysis of 68 well-phenotyped Caribbean Hispanic families without clear inheritance patterns or mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 and with two or more individuals with EOAD. Results We identified 16 (logarithm of odds > 3.6) linked regions, including eight novel loci for EOAD (2p15, 5q14.1, 11p15.1, 13q21.22, 13q33.1, 16p12.1, 20p12.1, and 20q11.21) and eight regions previously associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The strongest signal was observed at 16p12.1 (25 cM, 33 Mb; heterogeneity logarithm of odds = 5.3), ∼3 Mb upstream of the ceroid lipofuscinosis 3 (CLN3) gene associated with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), which functions in retromer trafficking and has been reported to alter intracellular processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Discussion This study supports the notion that the genetic architectures of unexplained EOAD and late-onset AD overlap partially, but not fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cheng
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Tang
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Izri Martinez
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Temitope Ayodele
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Penelope Baez
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafael Lantigua
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Medrano
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | - Ivonne Jimenez-Velazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Joseph H Lee
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Genetic Complexity of Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72938-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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16
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Tang M, Reitz C. Genetics of Alzheimer's disease: an update. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is clear that late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in western societies, has a significant genetic component. The recent technological advances in high-throughput genome technologies have enabled the identification of more than 20 novel susceptibility loci. These findings have significantly advanced the understanding of the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying AD etiology, and have therefore provided valuable information for the development of targets for genetic testing, prevention and treatment. This article reviews these recent findings in AD genomics and discusses their implications for understanding the molecular underpinnings of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- The Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, NY 10032, USA
- The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- The Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
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17
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Beecham GW, Bis JC, Martin ER, Choi SH, DeStefano AL, van Duijn CM, Fornage M, Gabriel SB, Koboldt DC, Larson DE, Naj AC, Psaty BM, Salerno W, Bush WS, Foroud TM, Wijsman E, Farrer LA, Goate A, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Boerwinkle E, Mayeux R, Seshadri S, Schellenberg G. The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project: Study design and sample selection. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2017; 3:e194. [PMID: 29184913 PMCID: PMC5646177 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - J C Bis
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - E R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - S-H Choi
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - A L DeStefano
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - C M van Duijn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - M Fornage
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - S B Gabriel
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - D C Koboldt
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - D E Larson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - A C Naj
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - B M Psaty
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - W Salerno
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - W S Bush
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - T M Foroud
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - E Wijsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - L A Farrer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - A Goate
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - J L Haines
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - E Boerwinkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - R Mayeux
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - S Seshadri
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - G Schellenberg
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.) and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (G.W.B., E.R.M., M.A.P.-V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (B.M.P.), Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, Department of Biostatistics (E.W.), and Division of Medical Genetics (E.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Biostatistics (S.-H.C., A.D., L.A.F.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (A.D., S.S.), MA; Department of Neurology (A.D., L.A.F., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Human Genetics Center (M.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B.G.), Cambridge; Harvard University (S.B.G.), Cambridge, MA; The McDonnell Genome Institute (D.C.K., D.E.L.) and Department of Genetics (D.E.L.), Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.C.N.) and Perelman School of Medicine (G.S.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (B.M.P.), Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Human Genome Sequencing Center (W.S., E.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S.B., J.L.H.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) (L.A.F.), Department of Ophthalmology (L.A.F.), and Department of Epidemiology (L.A.F.), Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, MA; Department of Neuroscience (A.G.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Human Genetics Center (E.B.), UT Health School of Public Health, Houston, TX; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.M.), Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY; and Department of Epidemiology (R.M.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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18
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Cukier HN, Kunkle BK, Hamilton KL, Rolati S, Kohli MA, Whitehead PL, Jaworski J, Vance JM, Cuccaro ML, Carney RM, Gilbert JR, Farrer LA, Martin ER, Beecham GW, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA. Exome Sequencing of Extended Families with Alzheimer's Disease Identifies Novel Genes Implicated in Cell Immunity and Neuronal Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7. [PMID: 29177109 PMCID: PMC5698805 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460.1000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which more than 20 genetic loci have been implicated to date. However, studies demonstrate not all genetic factors have been identified. Therefore, in this study we seek to identify additional rare variants and novel genes potentially contributing to AD. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed on 23 multi-generational families with an average of eight affected subjects. Exome sequencing was filtered for rare, nonsynonymous and loss-of-function variants. Alterations predicted to have a functional consequence and located within either a previously reported AD gene, a linkage peak (LOD>2), or clustering in the same gene across multiple families, were prioritized. Results Rare variants were found in known AD risk genes including AKAP9, CD33, CR1, EPHA1, INPP5D, NME8, PSEN1, SORL1, TREM2 and UNC5C. Three families had five variants of interest in linkage regions with LOD>2. Genes with segregating alterations in these peaks include CD163L1 and CLECL1, two genes that have both been implicated in immunity, CTNNA1, which encodes a catenin in the cerebral cortex and MIEF1, a gene that may induce mitochondrial dysfunction and has the potential to damage neurons. Four genes were identified with alterations in more than one family include PLEKHG5, a gene that causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and THBS2, which promotes synaptogenesis. Conclusion Utilizing large families with a heavy burden of disease allowed for the identification of rare variants co-segregating with disease. Variants were identified in both known AD risk genes and in novel genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Cukier
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - B K Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K L Hamilton
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - S Rolati
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M A Kohli
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - P L Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Jaworski
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R M Carney
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences Service, Miami Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - L A Farrer
- Departments of Medicine, Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Genomics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - G W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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19
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Simino J, Wang Z, Bressler J, Chouraki V, Yang Q, Younkin SG, Seshadri S, Fornage M, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH. Whole exome sequence-based association analyses of plasma amyloid-β in African and European Americans; the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities-Neurocognitive Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180046. [PMID: 28704393 PMCID: PMC5509141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We performed single-variant and gene-based association analyses of plasma amyloid-β (aβ) concentrations using whole exome sequence from 1,414 African and European Americans. Our goal was to identify genes that influence plasma aβ42 concentrations and aβ42:aβ40 ratios in late middle age (mean = 59 years), old age (mean = 77 years), or change over time (mean = 18 years). Methods Plasma aβ measures were linearly regressed onto age, gender, APOE ε4 carrier status, and time elapsed between visits (fold-changes only) separately by race. Following inverse normal transformation of the residuals, seqMeta was used to conduct race-specific single-variant and gene-based association tests while adjusting for population structure. Linear regression models were fit on autosomal variants with minor allele frequencies (MAF)≥1%. T5 burden and Sequence Kernel Association (SKAT) gene-based tests assessed functional variants with MAF≤5%. Cross-race fixed effects meta-analyses were Bonferroni-corrected for the number of variants or genes tested. Results Seven genes were associated with aβ in late middle age or change over time; no associations were identified in old age. Single variants in KLKB1 (rs3733402; p = 4.33x10-10) and F12 (rs1801020; p = 3.89x10-8) were significantly associated with midlife aβ42 levels through cross-race meta-analysis; the KLKB1 variant replicated internally using 1,014 additional participants with exome chip. ITPRIP, PLIN2, and TSPAN18 were associated with the midlife aβ42:aβ40 ratio via the T5 test; TSPAN18 was significant via the cross-race meta-analysis, whereas ITPRIP and PLIN2 were European American-specific. NCOA1 and NT5C3B were associated with the midlife aβ42:aβ40 ratio and the fold-change in aβ42, respectively, via SKAT in African Americans. No associations replicated externally (N = 725). Conclusion We discovered age-dependent genetic effects, established associations between vascular-related genes (KLKB1, F12, PLIN2) and midlife plasma aβ levels, and identified a plausible Alzheimer’s Disease candidate gene (ITPRIP) influencing cell death. Plasma aβ concentrations may have dynamic biological determinants across the lifespan; plasma aβ study designs or analyses must consider age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Simino
- Gertrude C. Ford MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Data Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases; Lille, France
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- Gertrude C. Ford MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Massachusetts, United States of America
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20
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Lennon MJ, Jones SP, Lovelace MD, Guillemin GJ, Brew BJ. Bcl11b-A Critical Neurodevelopmental Transcription Factor-Roles in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:89. [PMID: 28424591 PMCID: PMC5372781 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell leukemia 11b (Bcl11b) is a zinc finger protein transcription factor with a multiplicity of functions. It works as both a genetic suppressor and activator, acting directly, attaching to promoter regions, as well as indirectly, attaching to promoter-bound transcription factors. Bcl11b is a fundamental transcription factor in fetal development, with important roles for the differentiation and development of various neuronal subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been used as a specific marker of layer V subcerebral projection neurons as well as striatal interneurons. Bcl11b also has critical developmental functions in the immune, integumentary and cardiac systems, to the extent that Bcl11b knockout mice are incompatible with extra-uterine life. Bcl11b has been implicated in a number of disease states including Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, HIV and T-Cell malignancy, amongst others. Bcl11b is a fascinating protein whose critical roles in the CNS and other parts of the body are yet to be fully explicated. This review summarizes the current literature on Bcl11b and its functions in development, health, and disease as well as future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lennon
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon P Jones
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael D Lovelace
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia.,Departments of Neurology and Immunology, St. Vincent's HospitalSydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Naj AC, Schellenberg GD. Genomic variants, genes, and pathways of Alzheimer's disease: An overview. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:5-26. [PMID: 27943641 PMCID: PMC6179157 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) (MIM: 104300) is a highly heritable disease with great complexity in its genetic contributors, and represents the most common form of dementia. With the gradual aging of the world's population, leading to increased prevalence of AD, and the substantial cost of care for those afflicted, identifying the genetic causes of disease represents a critical effort in identifying therapeutic targets. Here we provide a comprehensive review of genomic studies of AD, from the earliest linkage studies identifying monogenic contributors to early-onset forms of AD to the genome-wide and rare variant association studies of recent years that are being used to characterize the mosaic of genetic contributors to late-onset AD (LOAD), and which have identified approximately ∼20 genes with common variants contributing to LOAD risk. In addition, we explore studies employing alternative approaches to identify genetic contributors to AD, including studies of AD-related phenotypes and multi-variant association studies such as pathway analyses. Finally, we introduce studies of next-generation sequencing, which have recently helped identify multiple low-frequency and rare variant contributors to AD, and discuss on-going efforts with next-generation sequencing studies to develop statistically well- powered and comprehensive genomic studies of AD. Through this review, we help uncover the many insights the genetics of AD have provided into the pathways and pathophysiology of AD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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22
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Tosto G, Reitz C. Genomics of Alzheimer's disease: Value of high-throughput genomic technologies to dissect its etiology. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:397-403. [PMID: 27618776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder in western countries, is clinically defined by progressive worsening in cognitive functions along with function and behavioral impairment. This ultimately results in complete incapacity and death. AD is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease, and this is reflected by the numerous genetic findings that point to several diverse molecular mechanisms and pathways. Linkage, genome-wide association and next-generation sequencing studies have led to the identification of more than 20 novel susceptibility loci for AD. While these observations have significantly increased the knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets, a large part of the genetic component underlying AD is still unexplained. This review will summarize and discuss the major genetic findings and their potential impact on AD diagnosis and prediction of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tosto
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Dept. of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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