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Kasprzak S, Schmidt CB, Burchell GL, Sikkes SAM, Scherder EJA. A Narrative Review of Physical Performance Changes in Dementia: Differences between Community and Nursing Home Setting. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2025; 26:105614. [PMID: 40315915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2025.105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2025] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in longitudinal physical performance in individuals with dementia across care settings. DESIGN Narrative review. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older adults with moderate to severe dementia residing in the community or nursing home. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Included studies were longitudinal, with observational or care-as-usual control groups, with a follow-up ≥3 months, assessing physical performance in adults aged ≥65 years with dementia (Mini Mental State Examination score ≤20), in the community or nursing home setting. Eligibility screening and risk of bias were performed by 2 authors. We categorized physical performance-based tests into upper limb strength, lower limb strength, balance, endurance, flexibility, mobility, and combined physical performance. Physical performance changes were quantified within each study as percentage of change from baseline to follow-up, and were compared between community and nursing home setting using narrative synthesis. RESULTS The search yielded 7813 studies, of which 20 were included (15 from nursing homes). Five of 20 studies were classified as having high risk of bias. In the nursing home setting, physical performance decline was observed across all domains (3- to 4-month follow-up: -6.1% to -7.7%, 5- to 7.5-month follow-up: -4.6% to -30.7%, 12- to 36-month follow-up: -27.3% to -68.2%). In the community setting, only combined physical performance declined (12-24 months: -18.6% to -33.8%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Studies assessing longitudinal physical performance in the community and nursing home setting were identified and summarized. Physical performance declined after shorter follow-up periods across all domains in the nursing home setting, whereas in the community setting only combined physical performance declined. However, diversity in study characteristics, study populations and outcome measures, along with a deficiency of longer follow-up periods in the community setting, hamper interpretation. Future research should focus on physical performance trajectories in longitudinal within-group designs of community-dwelling individuals with dementia who transition to nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Kasprzak
- Research and Innovation, Kennemerhart, Haarlem, the Netherlands; Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - George L Burchell
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sietske A M Sikkes
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik J A Scherder
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Department of Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Krier D, Le Goff M, Helmer C, Wittwer J. Mortality in Newly Admitted Nursing Home Older Adults with Dementia in France: A Post Hoc Analysis from an Observational Study in the Bordeaux Region. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:149. [PMID: 39584950 PMCID: PMC11586958 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A significant proportion of older adults with Alzheimer's disease or related disorders live in a long-term care facility. This study aimed to determine the time delay between admission and death for older adults with dementia. METHODS A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from a French observational cohort, identifying older adults with dementia who were admitted to nursing homes. This study assessed median survival times after admission to care facilities by using Kaplan-Meier models and evaluated factors potentially associated with the time until death by using Cox models. RESULTS A total of 201 individuals were included. The median survival time from admission to a nursing home to death was 39 months. Being male, an older age, and having higher cognitive impairment and comorbidities were associated with decreased survival rates. CONCLUSIONS This study provides survival results for institutionalised older adults with dementia in France and provides elements for the definition of future public policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Krier
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.L.G.); (C.H.); (J.W.)
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Boucaud-Maitre D, Simo N, Villeneuve R, Bonnet M, Dramé M, Tabué-Teguo M. Comparison of quality of life of older adults living in foster families versus nursing homes. Results from the KASA studies. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100358. [PMID: 39244789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Professional foster families for dependent older adults could be an alternative to nursing homes. Engagement in the family life and close contact with a single reference person could enhance their quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to compare the Health-Related Quality of Life (HrQOL) and subjective QOL among older adults living in foster families versus those in nursing homes. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis from twin studies conducted in foster families (the KASAF study) and nursing homes (the KASEHPAD study). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older adults (aged 60 years or older) in French Caribbean Islands living in foster families or nursing homes. MEASUREMENTS HrQOL was measured using the EuroQol-five dimensions (EQ5D-3L) and QOL was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (QOL-VAS). For older adults unable to complete these scales, proxy EQ-5D-3L assessments were conducted by paramedical staff or foster caregivers. RESULTS A total of 439 older adults, with 107 in foster families and 332 in nursing homes were included. Participants living in foster families were less often male, had less often hypertension, were more dependent or physical impaired and had lower score of cognition. In multivariate analyses, factors associated with low self-reported HRQoL (n = 240) were Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (β: -0.011; p = 0.003) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score (β: 0.014; p < 0.001). A lower QOL-VAS score (n = 150) was associated with living in a nursing home compared to living in a foster family (β: -19.48 points; p < 0.001) and with the ADL score (2.94 points; p = 0.019). In older adults with major cognitive disorders, the only factor associated with low proxy EQ-5D proxy index score (n = 136) was dependency (β: 0.167; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION HrQOL was similar between older adults living in nursing homes and foster families. Additionally, older adults reported a better subjective quality of life when residing in foster families. These findings suggest that the foster family model may meet the social and environmental needs of dependent older adults for whom nursing homes are not suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Boucaud-Maitre
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France; Equipe EPICLIV, Université des Antilles, Fort-de-France, Martinique.
| | - Nadine Simo
- Equipe EPICLIV, Université des Antilles, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Roxane Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Michel Bonnet
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Moustapha Dramé
- Equipe EPICLIV, Université des Antilles, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Maturin Tabué-Teguo
- Equipe EPICLIV, Université des Antilles, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
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Boucaud-Maitre D, Simo N, Villeneuve R, Rambhojan C, Thibault N, Joseph SP, Bonnet M, Dramé M, Vainqueur L, Rinaldo L, Letchimy L, Dartigues JF, Cesari M, Rolland Y, Vellas B, Amieva H, Tabué-Teguo M. Clinical profiles of older adults in French Caribbean nursing homes: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1428443. [PMID: 39355845 PMCID: PMC11442247 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1428443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nursing homes in the Caribbean are scarce and the characteristics of their residents have not been previously documented. This study aimed to describe the clinical profiles of residents living in nursing homes in Guadeloupe and Martinique (French West Indies). Methods This is a cross-sectional study of the baseline screening data from the KASEHPAD (Karukera Study of Ageing in nursing homes) study. Clinical characteristics and geriatric scale scores, including the Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were collected and analysed. Results A total of 332 older adults were recruited between September 2020 and November 2022. The mean age of the residents was 81.3 ± 10.1, with a male-female ratio of 1:1. Diabetes was reported in 28.3% of the residents, hypertension in 66.6% and heart disease in 18.4%. Dementia was diagnosed in 52.3% of the residents and 74.9% had a MMSE score ≤18. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease was 9.0%. Additionally, 18.4% were unable to perform any basic activities of daily living (ADL score of 0). The prevalence of physical impairment (SPPB < 8) was 90.0%. One-quarter of the residents were classified as undernourished (MNA-SF score ≤ 7). Conclusion Residents in Caribbean nursing homes are younger than in metropolitan France, whereas they present quite similar clinical profiles. Notably, a high prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases was observed. This study represents a preliminary effort to address the knowledge gap regarding the aging trajectories of older adults in the Caribbean and could guide the development of future nursing homes in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Boucaud-Maitre
- Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
- University of the French West Indies, EpiCliV Research Team, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Nadine Simo
- University of the French West Indies, EpiCliV Research Team, Fort-de-France, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Roxane Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Nathalie Thibault
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Michel Bonnet
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Moustapha Dramé
- University of the French West Indies, EpiCliV Research Team, Fort-de-France, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Larissa Vainqueur
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Leila Rinaldo
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Laurys Letchimy
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | | | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Hélène Amieva
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maturin Tabué-Teguo
- University of the French West Indies, EpiCliV Research Team, Fort-de-France, France
- Inserm U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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El Haj M, Gallouj K, Moustafa AA, Potard C, Chapelet G. Negative effects of institutionalization on the sense of self in Alzheimer's Disease. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:1-6. [PMID: 38972259 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In this longitudinal study, we investigated the effects of institutionalization on the sense-of-self in individuals with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We recruited two groups of participants: one living in care facilities (i.e., institutionalized-group) and another group living in their own home (i.e., non-institutionalized-group). In the two groups, we assessed the "Who-am-I" task on which participants were invited to provide statements beginning with the phrase "I am" that they felt were essential in defining who they are. We assessed this task, in the two groups, at a baseline (approximately one-month before-institutionalization) and at a follow-up (approximately six months after institutionalization). We analyzed whether responses on the "Who-am-I" task reflected physical-, social-, or psychological-self. Unlike at the baseline, fewer statements describing physical-, social-, and psychological-self were observed in the institutionalization than in the non-institutionalized group at the follow up. These findings demonstrate negative effects of institutionalization on the sense of self in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44093, Nantes, France.
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Catherine Potard
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, UNIV Angers, Nantes Université, Maison de la recherche Germaine Tillion, 5 bis Boulevard Lavoisier
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, F44093, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
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Peng Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sha L, Dong J, He Y. Virtual reality exergames for improving physical function, cognition and depression among older nursing home residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 57:31-44. [PMID: 38503146 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) exergames on physical function, cognition and depression among older nursing home residents. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies from inception until June 1, 2023. The reviewers independently completed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the sources of between-study heterogeneity and to determine whether participant or intervention characteristics influenced effect sizes. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The overall methodological quality was relatively high, and the overall evidence grade was moderate. VR exergames had a large effect on physical function, including mobility [SMD=-0.66, P < 0.001], balance [SMD=0.95, P < 0.001], and lower limb strength [SMD=0.53, P = 0.0009]; and a moderate effect on cognition [SMD=0.48, P = 0.02] and depression [SMD=-0.72, P = 0.03]. Subgroup analyses revealed that a training frequency of 2 sessions per week and coordinating with physiotherapists yielded greater improvements in mobility (P = 0.009; P = 0.0001). VR exergames had especially beneficial effects on balance for physically fit participants (P = 0.03) and on cognition for participants with cognitive impairment (P = 0.01). Additionally, regarding the improvement of depression, commercial VR exergames were superior to self-made systems (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION VR exergames can provide a positive impact on physical function, cognition and depression among older nursing home residents. The study also demonstrated the different benefits of exergames between participants who were physically fit and those with cognitive impairment, which is considered as an innovative, cost-efficient and sustainable approach. Specifically, commercial VR exergame programs with a frequency of 2 sessions per week and coordinating with physiotherapists may be the most appropriate and effective option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Liyan Sha
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yang He
- School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
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Ysseldyk R, Morton TA, Haslam C, Haslam SA, Boger J, Giau E, Macdonald EP, Matharu A, McCoy M. You've Got E-Mail: A Pilot Study Examining the Feasibility and Impact of a Group-Based Technology-Training Intervention Among Older Adults Living in Residential Care. Can J Aging 2024; 43:45-56. [PMID: 37501571 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980823000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults living in residential care often experience challenges in sustaining meaningful social relationships, which can result in compromised health and well-being. Online social networking has the potential to mitigate this problem, but few studies have investigated its implementation and its effectiveness in maintaining or enhancing well-being. This pilot study used a cluster-randomized pre-post design to examine the feasibility of implementing a 12-week group-based technology-training intervention for older adults (n = 48) living in residential care by exploring how cognitive health, mental health, and confidence in technology were impacted. Analysis of variance revealed significant increases in life satisfaction, positive attitudes toward computer use, and self-perceived competence among participants who received the intervention, but increased depressive symptoms for the control group. These findings suggest that, despite challenges in implementing the intervention in residential care, group-based technology training may enhance confidence among older adults while maintaining or enhancing mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Ysseldyk
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - S Alexander Haslam
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - Jennifer Boger
- Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Giau
- Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Erin P Macdonald
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Matharu
- Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Madeline McCoy
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Cohn-Schwartz E, Hoffman Y, Shrira A. Reciprocal associations of posttraumatic stress symptoms and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults: The mediating role of depression. Int Psychogeriatr 2024; 36:119-129. [PMID: 35543414 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may have cognitive decline, a risk which can be particularly threatening at old age. However, it is yet unclear whether initial cognitive decline renders one more susceptible to subsequent PTSD following exposure to traumatic events, whether initial PTSD precedes cognitive decline or whether the effects are reciprocal. OBJECTIVE This study examined the bidirectional longitudinal associations between cognitive function and PTSD symptoms and whether this association is mediated by depressive symptoms. METHOD The study used data from two waves of the Israeli component of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), collected in 2013 and 2015. This study focused on adults aged 50 years and above (N = 567, mean age = 65.9 years). Each wave used three measures of cognition (recall, fluency, and numeracy) and PTSD symptoms following exposure to war-related events. Data were analyzed using mediation analysis with path analysis. RESULTS Initial PTSD symptoms predicted cognitive decline in recall and fluency two years later, while baseline cognitive function did not impact subsequent PTSD symptoms. Partial mediation showed that older adults with more PTSD symptoms had higher depressive symptoms, which in turn were linked to subsequent cognitive decline across all three measures. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that PTSD symptoms are linked with subsequent cognitive decline, supporting approaches addressing this direction. It further indicates that part of this effect can be explained by increased depressive symptoms. Thus, treatment for depressive symptoms may help reduce cognitive decline due to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cohn-Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Y Hoffman
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - A Shrira
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Naudé B, Rigaud AS, Dacunha S, Pino M. Assessment of an interactive television that supports social connectedness among older adults living at home and in geriatric institutions: Usability and task performance analysis. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2024; 11:20556683241269443. [PMID: 39253365 PMCID: PMC11382239 DOI: 10.1177/20556683241269443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increasingly, geriatric institutions are adopting video calling services to promote social interactions between residents and their loved ones. However, a gap persists between the technologies used and the needs and abilities of older users. Interactive Televisions (iTVs) could be part of the solution as they provide a familiar and accessible way to strengthen the relationship between residents and their environment (family, friends, professionals). Methods User tests were conducted to evaluate the ability of older adults (OAs) from different place of living to use iTV. A total of 32 user tests were carried out with OAs living at home, in residential facilities (RFs), and in nursing homes (NHs) between November 2022 and June 2023. Results The quantitative analysis revealed mixed opinions on the iTV's usability. OAs living at home tended to produce less errors and needed less help to successfully use video calling and messaging functionalities of the iTV than others. However, participants in NHs required more repetitions to benefit from a learning effect, unlike participants in RFs and at home. Conclusions This study proposed another approach to user testing, based on cognitive psychology methods. Based on the analysis of the critical stages, ergonomic recommendations were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérangère Naudé
- Maladie d'Alzheimer, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Broca Living Lab, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rigaud
- Maladie d'Alzheimer, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie 1&2, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
- Broca Living Lab, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Dacunha
- Maladie d'Alzheimer, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie 1&2, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
- Broca Living Lab, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Maribel Pino
- Maladie d'Alzheimer, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie 1&2, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
- Broca Living Lab, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
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Khandker RK, Chekani F, Mirchandani K, Kathe N. Diagnosis of behavioral symptoms as a predictor of institutionalization among Medicaid patients with dementia. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:807. [PMID: 38053040 PMCID: PMC10696823 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Behavioral symptoms are commonly observed in the course of dementia. This study aimed to assess the association of the diagnosis of a cluster of behavioral symptoms (e.g., agitation, aggression, psychotic symptoms, and delirium/wandering) with the likelihood of subsequent institutionalization. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of adults aged 65 and above diagnosed with dementia identified in the IBM® MarketScan® Multistate Medicaid database between October 01, 2015, and September 30, 2019, was conducted. The index date was defined as the first diagnosis date of dementia. The presence or absence of behavioral symptoms was identified in the 6 months prior to the index date (baseline). Institutionalization was evaluated 12 months (follow-up) post the index date. The association between diagnosed behavioral symptoms during the baseline period and institutionalization in the follow-up period was assessed using a multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS The study cohort included 40,714 patients with dementia. A diagnosis of behavioral symptoms was found among 2,067 (5.1%) patients during the baseline period. An increased likelihood of institutionalization was found during the follow-up among patients with agitation and aggression in baseline (OR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.18-1.92)) compared to patients without these symptoms at baseline. Patients with psychotic symptoms in baseline had significantly higher odds of getting institutionalized during the follow-up compared to patients without psychotic symptoms in baseline (OR = 1.36 (95% CI: 1.20-1.54)). Similarly, patients with symptoms of delirium and wandering in baseline had a higher likelihood of institutionalization than patients without these symptoms at baseline (OR = 1.61 (95% CI: 1.30-1.99)). CONCLUSION Several diagnosed behavioral symptoms were associated with a higher risk of institutionalization among older adults with dementia and should be considered when planning treatment strategies for the effective management of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezaul Karim Khandker
- Center of Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc, 351 North Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - Farid Chekani
- Center of Observational and Real-world Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc, 351 North Sumneytown Pike, North Wales, PA, USA.
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Manohar S, Oloyede O, Kollmer Horton ME. Evaluating an intergenerational art and storytelling program with older adults and medical students. Int Rev Psychiatry 2023; 35:608-618. [PMID: 38461399 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2278717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Older adults in residential communities face loneliness and isolation, challenges exacerbated by COVID-19, leading to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Intergenerational arts and humanities programs have been successful in addressing these challenges while also enabling medical learners to better understand aging populations. Draw YOUR Story, a program at a Houston residential senior living community, connects premedical and medical student volunteers with older adults through an art and storytelling activity. To evaluate the program, we conducted a focus group with older adults and pre and post-volunteering student surveys with questions about attitudes towards older adults and an Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Student surveys (n = 18) showed increased comfort working with older adults after volunteering (p = 0.02). Students who spent less time volunteering reported a decline in their perceptions of older adult quality of life, when compared to more frequent volunteers (p = 0.02). Older adults shared that the program encouraged learning new skills, offered time for reflection, connected them to medicine, and furthered desire for community. Draw YOUR Story benefitted students and older adults, increasing student comfort with older adults, providing aging adults opportunities to learn new skills and reflect, and building intergenerational connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujal Manohar
- Student Affairs, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Oluwapelumi Oloyede
- Student Affairs, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine at the University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary E Kollmer Horton
- McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics at McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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Souza EHEE, Leão LL, de Paula AMB, Rodrigues VD, Deslandes AC, Laks J, Monteiro RS. Floor Maze Test is capable of differentiating spatial navigation between frail and pre-frail institutionalized older persons. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20220070. [PMID: 37496523 PMCID: PMC10367969 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the association between physical frailty and cognitive performance through spatial navigation is important to enable the identification of individuals with cognitive impairment and physical comorbidity. Objective To analyze the association between spatial navigation and frailty in frail and pre-frail institutionalized older adults. Methods Forty older people of both sexes, aged 60 years or over, residing in four Brazilian Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) participated in this study. The following tests were applied: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 2.44m Timed Up and Go, Floor Maze Test (FMT), and Fried's frailty criteria. For data analysis, the Mann-Whitney and independent t-tests were used to compare the groups (frail x pre-frail), principal component analysis was used to explore the main variables related to the data variance, and binary logistic regression to estimate associations. Results There was a significant difference in performance in the FMT immediate maze time (IMT) (p=0.02) and in the delayed maze time (DMT) (p=0.009) between the pre-frail and frail older adults. An association between FMT DMT performance and frailty was found, showing that older people with shorter times on the DMT (better performance) had approximately four times the chance of not being frail (odds ratio - OR=4.219, 95% confidence interval - 95%CI 1.084-16.426, p=0.038). Conclusion Frailty is associated with impaired spatial navigation ability in institutionalized older adults, regardless of gait speed performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Lemos Leão
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros MG, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Dias Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros MG, Brazil
| | - Andréa Camaz Deslandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros MG, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia/Neurociência, Niterói RJ, Brazil
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Krier D, de Boer B, Hiligsmann M, Wittwer J, Amieva H. Evaluation of Dementia-Friendly Initiatives, Small-Scale Homelike Residential Care, and Dementia Village Models: A Scoping Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1020-1027.e1. [PMID: 37121264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous initiatives are emerging to improve the care management of persons suffering from Alzheimer's disease or related disorders (ADRD). The aim of this review is to identify research evaluations of initiatives in long-term care facilities and those making society more inclusive. DESIGN Scoping review with systematic search of PubMed. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Reviewed articles focused on the impact of (1) dementia-friendly initiatives (DFIs), (2) small-scale homelike (SSHL) facilities, and (3) dementia/Alzheimer villages. The intervention targets people (or their carers) with dementia or cognitive impairment. METHODS A scoping review was performed on PubMed, including papers published up to November 2022. Further hand-searching from reference lists and the gray literature was carried out. RESULTS A total of 477 articles were identified initially, and finally 12 more specifically related to the impact of DFI (n = 4) and SSHL facilities (n = 8) were selected. They included preliminary effectiveness analyses on DFI-related training and awareness intervention and comparative studies on an SSHL model. Scarce but promising results were found on the physical functioning, social participation, and quality of life for older adults living in SSHL facilities compared to those living in conventional nursing homes. No quantitative evaluation on dementia villages was published. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The article highlights the lack of studies providing data on the efficacy of such innovative facilities on clinical, economic, and social outcomes. Such data are essential to better characterize these models and assess their potential efficiency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Krier
- Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.
| | - Bram de Boer
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Mickaël Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Wittwer
- Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
| | - Hélène Amieva
- Bordeaux Population Health, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
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Margoni F, Cho I, Gutchess A. Intent-Based Moral Judgment in Old Age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1136-1141. [PMID: 35973063 PMCID: PMC10292836 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies support the idea of an intent-to-outcome shift in moral judgments with age. We further assessed whether a reduced reliance on intentions is associated with aging in a preregistered study with 73 younger (20-41 years) and 79 older (70-84 years) adults, group-matched on education level. METHOD Participants were presented with a set of moral cases to evaluate, created by varying orthogonally the valence (neutral, negative) of the information regarding the agent's intentions and the action's outcomes. RESULTS The two age groups did not differ in the extent they relied on intentions in moral judgment. DISCUSSION These results suggest that an intent-to-outcome shift might not be found in all aging populations, challenging prevailing theories suggesting that aging is necessarily associated with a reduced reliance on intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isu Cho
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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Huang CS, Yan YJ, Lin R, Sun WQ, Ye Y, Wang NF, Li H. Effect of self-determination theory-based integrated creative art (SDTICA) program on older adults with mild cognitive impairment in nursing homes: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:238. [PMID: 37081387 PMCID: PMC10120181 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive benefits of early non-pharmacological approaches have been demonstrated in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, older adults living in nursing homes have more severe cognitive impairment problems and lower initiative and compliance to participate in complex interventions. Hence, it important to investigate more attractive and sustainable methods to prevent or delay cognitive decline. The present study adopts the self-determination theory (SDT) as a theoretical framework to innovatively develop an integrated art-based intervention for older adults with MCI in nursing homes in China and aims to evaluate its effects on cognitive function, mental health, and other health-related outcomes. METHODS The study is a nursing home-based, cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) that targets older adults (aged ≥ 60 years) with MCI in Fuzhou City, China. All nursing homes in the area covered by Fuzhou City are invited to participate. Eligible nursing homes are randomised to one of two groups: intervention group (receive a 14-week, 27-session intervention) and waitlist control group (receive the usual care). The SDT-based integrated creative art (SDTICA) program reasonably adopts the SDT as a theoretical framework to innovatively develop an integrated art-based intervention for older adults with MCI in nursing homes. The primary (global cognitive function and psychological indicator) and secondary (daily activity function, social function, and specific domains of cognitive function) outcomes will be measured at baseline, after the intervention, and during follow-up. DISCUSSION This study aims to evaluate the effects of SDTICA program on neuropsychological outcomes in older adults with MCI and provide scientific evidence for art-based non-pharmacologic interventions in nursing homes, which may reduce dementia risk in older adults with MCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was prospectively registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry with the registration number ChiCTR2200061681 on 30 June 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shan Huang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Yuan-Jiao Yan
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital & Fujian Medical University, No. 134 Dongjie Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Rong Lin
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, China
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital & Fujian Medical University, No. 134 Dongjie Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Wen-Qian Sun
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Yu Ye
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Na-Fang Wang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, China
| | - Hong Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, China.
- Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Provincial Hospital & Fujian Medical University, No. 134 Dongjie Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, China.
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Boucaud-Maitre D, Meillon C, Letenneur L, Villeneuve R, Dartigues JF, Amieva H, Tabue-Teguo M. Health trajectories of elderly living in French senior housing: a longitudinal perspective. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5471. [PMID: 37015961 PMCID: PMC10073120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Senior housing for older adults could be an alternative or a transitional care model between home care and nursing home care. Using two longitudinal cohorts of community dwellers aged 65 years or older, we compared risks of mortality and of nursing homes admission between older adults who did or did not move to senior housing over time. In the 3C study (n = 2104, 17 years of follow-up), 143 (6.8%) participants moved into a senior housing during the follow-up. This move was associated with a lower risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46-0.77) and a higher risk of nursing home admissions (HR: 1.54 (1.10-2.15)). The risks of hospitalizations (HR: 0.54 (0.40-0.73)) and falls (HR: 0.63 (0.50-0.79)) were lower. In the PAQUID study (n = 3777, 27 years of follow-up), 161 (4.3%) participants moved into a senior housing. This move was also associated with a lower mortality risk (HR: 0.72 (0.58-0.88)) and a higher risk of nursing home admissions (HR: 1.39 (1.05-1.86)). Our results showing lower risks of mortality suggest that senior housing may be a relevant model for vulnerable older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Boucaud-Maitre
- Direction de la Recherche et de l'Innovation, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France.
- Equipe EPICLIV, Université des Antilles, Fort-de-France, Martinique.
| | - Céline Meillon
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Letenneur
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roxane Villeneuve
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Center, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hélène Amieva
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, U1219 Bordeaux Population Health Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maturin Tabue-Teguo
- Equipe EPICLIV, Université des Antilles, Fort-de-France, Martinique
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
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Perrot A, Maillot P. Factors for optimizing intervention programs for cognition in older adults: the value of exergames. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36991073 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis review presents factors that could optimize the effectiveness of an intervention program on cognitive health in older adults. Combined, multi-dimensional and interactive programs appear to be relevant. On one hand, for the characteristics to be implemented in the physical dimension of a program, multimodal interventions stimulating the aerobic pathway and muscle strengthening during the solicitation of gross motor activities, seem to be interesting. On the other hand, regarding the cognitive dimension of a program, complex and variable cognitive stimuli appear to hold the greatest promise for generating cognitive benefits and the broadest transfers to untrained tasks. The field of video games also brings interesting enrichment through the gamification of situations and the feeling of immersion. However, some gray areas remain to be clarified, notably the ideal response dose, the balance between physical and cognitive solicitation and the programs’ customization.
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Davis HC, Decort R, Hart C, Beins R, Burke R, McConnell E. Adoption of the Household Model Improves Nursing Home Quality: A Case Study. J Nurs Care Qual 2023; 38:7-10. [PMID: 36126174 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugh C Davis
- Menno-Haven Retirement Communities, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania (Drs Davis, Decort, and Burke and Mr Beins); Coker University, Hartsville, South Carolina (Dr Hart); Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina (Dr McConnell); and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Durham VA Healthcare System, Durham, North Carolina (Dr McConnell)
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Andtfolk M, Nyholm L, Eide H, Fagerström L. Humanoid robots in the care of older persons: A scoping review. Assist Technol 2022; 34:518-526. [PMID: 33481675 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2021.1880493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to examine how humanoid robots have been used in the care of older persons and identify possible benefits and challenges associated with such use from older persons' points of view. The study was a scoping review based on Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. To identify peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature, a systematic search of the PubMed, Cinahl and Google Scholar electronic databases was conducted for studies published between 2013 and 2019. The PRISMA-ScR guidelines have served as a guideline. A total of 12 studies were included and resulted in four main categories related to how humanoid robots have been used in care of older persons (domain of use): Supports everyday life, Provides interaction, Facilitates cognitive training and Facilitates physical training. Potential for humanoid robots to be accepted as companions for older persons was seen, but technical issues, such as humanoid robots' slow response time or errors, emerged as key challenges. Older persons' perceived enjoyment of using a humanoid robot might also decrease over time. Validated measurements to estimate the effectiveness of using humanoid robots in the care of older persons are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Andtfolk
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Department of Caring Science, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Linda Nyholm
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Department of Caring Science, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Hilde Eide
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Science Centre Health and Technology, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Fagerström
- Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Department of Caring Science, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
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Setiyani R, Iskandar A. Cognitive impairment among older adults living in the community and in nursing home in Indonesia: a pilot study. Dement Neuropsychol 2022; 16:347-353. [PMID: 36619837 PMCID: PMC9762390 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The demographic phenomenon of population aging has brought some consequences, including a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Objective This study aimed to assess and compare cognitive impairment and its risk factors between older persons living in the community and in nursing home in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was employed among 99 older adults living in the community and 49 nursing home residents. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results Older people living in the community showed a higher score on MMSE than those living in nursing home (p=0.044). Age, marital status, education level, and literacy status were significantly related to the cognitive function of older adults living in the community (p=0.003, p=0.007, p=0.005, p=0.001, respectively), while gender, education level, and literacy status were significantly related to that of nursing home residents (p=0.012, p=0.004, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusions Older adults living in the nursing home were more likely to experience cognitive decline than their counterparts in the community. Factors associated with cognitive decline differ between community-dwelling older adults and nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Setiyani
- Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, School of Nursing, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Asep Iskandar
- Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, School of Nursing, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia
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Felício LFF, Leão LL, Souza EHEE, Machado FSM, Laks J, Deslandes AC, Paula AMBD, Monteiro-Junior RS. Cognitive abilities of institutionalized older persons with depressive symptoms. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To determine the level of association between depressive symptoms and cognitive abilities of institutionalized older adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 69 older adults, living in a long-term care facility. Investigation of depressive symptoms in all individuals was performed using the geriatric depression scale. Cognitive verbal fluency, digit span forward (DSF) and backward (DSB) tests, and two-minute stationary gait, sit-to-stand test, and six-minute walk test were performed to assess their association with depressive symptoms. Results Depressive symptoms were identified in 35 individuals. Worse cognition and physical performances were associated with the presence of depressive symptoms – Mini-Mental State Examination [t (61) = 2.36; p < 0.05] and Stationary gait test of two minutes [t (53) = 3.12; p < 0.05]. Short-term memory and working memory tests presented worse results in individuals with depressive symptoms (DSF: U = 402.00; p < 0.05 e DSB: U = 341,00; p < 0.05). Older adults with scores below normal in DSF were 5 times more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms. Conclusion The importance of physical, cognitive and social intervention strategies in long-term care facilities for the older adults is highlighted, in order to privilege autonomy. Notably, there is an association between deficits in short-term memory and the presence of depressive symptoms in older adults. Therefore, prospective studies are suggested to investigate the cause-effect relationship of this association with the institutionalization of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jerson Laks
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Preoperative Treatment of Severe Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Mitigates Healthcare Disparities and Prevents Adverse Postoperative Discharge to a Nursing Home. Ann Surg 2022; 276:e185-e191. [PMID: 35762618 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether patients of Black race are at higher risk of losing the ability to live independently after surgery, and if a higher prevalence of severe diabetes mellitus and hypertension are contributing. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA It is unclear whether a patient's race predicts adverse discharge to a nursing home after surgery, and if preexisting diseases are contributing. METHODS 368,360 adults undergoing surgery between 2007 and 2020 across two academic healthcare networks in New England were included. Patients of self-identified Black or White race were compared. The primary outcome was postoperative discharge to a nursing facility. Mediation analysis was used to examine the impact of preexisting severe diabetes mellitus and hypertension on the primary association. RESULTS 10.3% (38,010/368,360) of patients were Black and 26,434 (7.2%) patients lost the ability to live independently after surgery. Black patients were at increased risk of postoperative discharge to a nursing facility (adjusted absolute risk difference [ARDadj] 1.9%;95%CI 1.6-2.2%;P<0.001). A higher prevalence of preexisting severe diabetes mellitus and hypertension in Black patients mediated 30.2% and 15.6% of this association. Preoperative medication-based treatment adherent to guidelines in patients with severe diabetes mellitus or hypertension mitigated the primary association (p-for-interaction<0.001). The same pattern of effect mitigation by pharmacotherapy was observed for the endpoint 30-day readmission. CONCLUSIONS Black race was associated with postoperative discharge to a nursing facility compared to White race. Optimized preoperative assessment and treatment of diabetes and hypertension improves surgical outcomes and provides an opportunity to the surgeon to help eliminate healthcare disparities.
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Yap YY, Tan SH, Tan SK, Choon SW. Integrating the capability approach and technology acceptance model to explain the elderly’s use intention of online grocery shopping. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2022.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Da Silva JL, Agbangla NF, Le Page C, Ghernout W, Andrieu B. Effects of Chronic Physical Exercise or Multicomponent Exercise Programs on the Mental Health and Cognition of Older Adults Living in a Nursing Home: A Systematic Review of Studies From the Past 10 Years. Front Psychol 2022; 13:888851. [PMID: 35645927 PMCID: PMC9136454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some nursing homes for the elderly provide holistic care that integrates several interventions, including physical exercise. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the effects of physical exercise or multicomponent exercise programs on the mental health (wellbeing, anxiety and depression) and cognitive functions of older adults with/without dementia who live in a nursing home and do/do not require wheelchair assistance. To this end, PubMed, PsycInfo and Web of Science are using to identify clinical trials and randomized controlled studies conducted during the period January 2011 to December 2021 to examine the progression of research in this field over the past ten years. In total, 2597 articles are identifying and 21 are including in the systematic review. After selecting articles according to the PRISMA standards, the data extraction and methodological quality assessment of the eligible studies are performing individually by two reviewers and then pooled together. The synthesis of the studies shows that physical exercise or multicomponent exercise programs have a beneficial effect on mental health and cognitive functions. However, this effect is more common among older adults without dementia, compared to their counterparts who have dementia or use wheelchairs. The explanatory mechanisms, lack of benefits from physical exercise and the need to standardize methods are discussing in this regard. Finally, future studies must examine the effects of an innovative and adaptive physical activity program on the mental health and cognitive functions of older adults living in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Leonardo Da Silva
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris (URP 3625), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Maison de Retraite Villa Jules Janin, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Jason Leonardo Da Silva
| | - Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris (URP 3625), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratory URePSSS – SHERPAS (ULR 7369), Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille, UFR STAPS, Liévin, France
- Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla
| | - Christine Le Page
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris (URP 3625), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernard Andrieu
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris (URP 3625), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Lin LH, Wang SB, Xu WQ, Hu Q, Zhang P, Ke YF, Huang JH, Ding KR, Li XL, Hou CL, Jia FJ. Subjective cognitive decline symptoms and its association with socio-demographic characteristics and common chronic diseases in the southern Chinese older adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:127. [PMID: 35042501 PMCID: PMC8767737 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be the first symptomatic manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease, but information on its health correlates is still sparse in Chinese older adults. This study aimed to estimate SCD symptoms and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, common chronic diseases among southern Chinese older adults. Methods Participants aged 60 years and older from 7 communities and 2 nursing homes in Guangzhou were recruited and interviewed with standardized assessment tools. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to measure poor sleep quality, depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms. The SCD symptoms were measured by SCD questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) which ranged from 0 to 9 points, with a higher score indicating increased severity of the SCD. Participants were divided into low score group (SCD-Q9 score ≤ 3) and higher score group (SCD-Q9 score > 3). Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for exploring the influences of different characteristics of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors on SCD symptoms. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the association between SCD symptoms with common chronic diseases. Results A total of 688 participants were included in our analysis with a mean age of 73.79 (SD = 8.28, range: 60–101), while 62.4% of the participants were females. The mean score of the SCD-Q9 was 3.81 ± 2.42 in the whole sample. A total of 286 participants (41.6%) were defined as the low score group (≤3 points), while 402 participants (58.4%) were the high score group (> 3 points). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.35–2.93), primary or lower education level (OR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.38–4.83), nursing home (OR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.18–3.05), napping habits (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.06–2.40), urolithiasis (OR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.15–6.40), gout (OR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.14–3.93), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.38–2.71), depression symptoms (OR = 3.01, 95%CI: 1.70–5.34) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.11, 95%CI: 1.29–7.46) were independent positive related to high SCD-Q9 score. On the other hand, tea-drinking habits (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.45–0.92), current smoking (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.24–0.90) were independent negative related to high SCD-Q9 score. Conclusions Worse SCD symptoms were closely related to common chronic diseases and socio-demographic characteristics. Disease managers should pay more attention to those factors to early intervention and management for SCD symptoms among southern Chinese older adults.
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Borkent JW, van Hout HPJ, Feskens EJM, Naumann E, de van der Schueren MAE. Behavioral and Cognitive Problems as Determinants of Malnutrition in Long-Term Care Facilities, a Cross-Sectional and Prospective Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:749-759. [PMID: 35934819 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between behavior and cognitive problems and malnutrition in long-term care facilities (LTCF). DESIGN Cross-sectional and prospective routine care cohort study. SETTING 6874 Residents in Dutch LTCFs (period 2005-2020). PARTICIPANTS Data were obtained from the InterRAI-LTCF instrument. Cross-sectional analyses on prevalence of malnutrition at admission included 3722 residents. Prospective analyses studied incident malnutrition during stay (total follow-up time 7104 years) and included data of 1826 residents with first measurement on admission ('newly-admitted') and n=3152 with first measurement on average ~1 year after admission ('existing'). MEASUREMENTS InterRAI scales for communication problems (CS), aggressive behavior (ABS), social engagement (RISE), depressive symptoms (DRS), cognitive performance (CPS) and the total number of behavior and cognitive problems were investigated as independent variables and malnutrition (ESPEN 2015 definition) as dependent variable in regression analyses. Results were stratified for gender and group 'newly-admitted' vs. 'existing'. RESULTS On admission, 9.5% of residents was malnourished. In men, low social engagement was associated with prevalence of malnutrition. In women, all behavior and cognitive problems except depression were associated with malnutrition in the unadjusted analyses, but this attenuated in the full model taking all problems into account. The incidence of malnutrition during stay amounted to 8.9%. No significant associations of behavior and cognitive problems with malnutrition incidence were seen in 'newly-admitted' male residents while in 'existing' male residents all determinants were significantly associated. In 'newly-admitted' female residents CS, ABS and CPS, and in 'existing' female residents CS, RISE, ABS and CPS were significantly associated with incident malnutrition. All associations slightly attenuated after adjustment. Malnutrition incidence increased with increasing number of combined behavior and cognitive problems. CONCLUSION Residents with behavior and cognitive problems are at an increased risk of being malnourished at admission, or becoming malnourished during stay in a LTCF, especially residents with multiple behavior and cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Borkent
- Jos W. Borkent, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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Fagundes DF, Costa MT, Alves BBDS, Carneiro LSF, Nascimento OJM, Leão LL, Guimarães ALS, Paula AMBD, Monteiro-Junior RS. Dementia among older adults living in long-term care facilities: an epidemiological study. Dement Neuropsychol 2021; 15:464-469. [PMID: 35509803 PMCID: PMC9018080 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-040007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Institutionalization has been associated with social isolation, psychological and cognitive changes, and decreased levels of physical activity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferreira Fagundes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurologia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lara Souza Fernandes Carneiro
- Departamento de Ciências da Educação Física e Desporto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurologia, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Brazil
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Fillit H, Aigbogun MS, Gagnon‐Sanschagrin P, Cloutier M, Davidson M, Serra E, Guérin A, Baker RA, Houle CR, Grossberg G. Impact of agitation in long-term care residents with dementia in the United States. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1959-1969. [PMID: 34286877 PMCID: PMC9291552 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe characteristics and compare clinical outcomes including falls, fractures, infections, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among long-term care residents with dementia with and without agitation. METHODS A cross-sectional secondary analysis of administrative healthcare data was conducted whereby residents with dementia residing in a long-term care facility for ≥12 months were identified from the AnalytiCare LLC database (10/2010-06/2014) and were classified into mutually exclusive cohorts (Agitation Cohort or No-Agitation Cohort) based on available agitation-related symptoms. Entropy balancing was used to balance demographic and clinical characteristics between the two cohorts. The impact of agitation on clinical outcomes was compared between balanced cohorts using weighted logistic regression models. RESULTS The study included 6,265 long-term care residents with dementia among whom, 3,313 were included in the Agitation Cohort and 2,952 in the No-Agitation Cohort. Prior to balancing, residents in the Agitation Cohort had greater dementia-related cognitive impairment and clinical manifestations compared to the No-Agitation Cohort. After balancing, residents with and without agitation, respectively, received a median of five and four distinct types of medications (including antipsychotics). Further, compared to residents without agitation, those with agitation were significantly more likely to have a recorded fall (OR = 1.58), fracture (OR = 1.29), infection (OR = 1.18), and other NPS (OR = 2.11). CONCLUSIONS Agitation in long-term care residents with dementia was associated with numerically higher medication use and an increased likelihood of experiencing falls, fractures, infections, and additional NPS compared to residents without agitation, highlighting the unmet need for effective management of agitation symptoms in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Fillit
- Geriatric Medicine, Palliative Care and NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Myrlene S. Aigbogun
- Health Economics and Outcomes ResearchOtsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc.PrincetonNJUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ross A. Baker
- Health Economics and Outcomes ResearchOtsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization Inc.PrincetonNJUSA
| | - Christy R. Houle
- Health Economics and Outcomes ResearchLundbeck PharmaceuticalsDeerfieldILUSA
| | - George Grossberg
- Geriatric PsychiatrySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
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Exergame training-induced neuroplasticity and cognitive improvement in institutionalized older adults: A preliminary investigation. Physiol Behav 2021; 241:113589. [PMID: 34509470 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has reported cognitive improvements in elderly individuals when mental and physical exercise are practiced simultaneously, as in exergaming. However, the molecular mechanisms driving this beneficial response remain unclear. Moreover, there is robust evidence that regular exercise increases neurotrophic factors and promotes neuroplasticity, contributing to cognitive improvement. This research aimed to assess the impact of a 6-week Xbox 360 Kinect exergame protocol on cognitive function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in institutionalized older individuals. METHODS Participants living in a long-term care facility were included. The intervention (Xbox 360 Kinect exergame protocol) was conducted individually and consisted of two sessions per week (40 min each) over 6 weeks. Participants' cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) was evaluated before and after the intervention. Blood samples (15 ml) were collected at the same time to measure BDNF levels. RESULTS Although there were no changes in total MoCA scores, exergame training improved the "language" domain and demonstrated a tendency toward an improvement in the "abstraction" and "memory/delayed recall" domains. Furthermore, BDNF levels were significantly increased after the intervention. CONCLUSION BDNF enhancement might mediate, at least in part, the cognitive changes induced by a 6-week Xbox 360 Kinect exergame protocol in institutionalized older adults.
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Saredakis D, Keage HA, Corlis M, Ghezzi ES, Loffler H, Loetscher T. The Effect of Reminiscence Therapy Using Virtual Reality on Apathy in Residential Aged Care: Multisite Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e29210. [PMID: 34542418 PMCID: PMC8491119 DOI: 10.2196/29210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apathy is a frequent and underrecognized neurological disorder symptom. Reduced goal-directed behavior caused by apathy is associated with poor outcomes for older adults in residential aged care. Recommended nonpharmacological treatments include person-centered therapy using information and communication technology. Virtual reality (VR) in the form of head-mounted displays (HMDs) is a fully immersive technology that provides access to a wide range of freely available content. The use of VR as a therapy tool has demonstrated promise in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety. In addition, VR has been used to improve conditions including depression, anxiety, cognitive function, and balance in older adults with memory deficits, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. Research using VR for the symptoms of apathy in older adults living in residential aged care facilities is limited. Objective This study aims to examine whether using HMDs as a tool for reminiscence therapy improves the symptoms of apathy compared with using a laptop computer and physical items with older adults living in residential aged care. Methods In this multisite trial, 43 participants were allocated to one of three groups: reminiscence therapy intervention using VR in the form of HMDs, reminiscence therapy using a laptop computer supplemented by physical items if required (active control), and a usual care (passive control) group. The primary outcome was apathy, and the secondary outcomes included cognition and depression. The side effects of using HMDs were also measured in the VR group. Results Mixed model analyses revealed no significant group interaction over time in outcomes between the VR and laptop groups (estimate=−2.24, SE 1.89; t40=−1.18; P=.24). Pooled apathy scores in the two intervention groups compared with the passive control group also revealed no significant group interaction over time (estimate=−0.26, SE 1.66; t40=−0.16; P=.88). There were no significant secondary outcomes. Most participants in the VR group stated that they would prefer to watch content in VR than on a flat screen (Χ22=11.2; P=.004), side effects from HMD use were negligible to minimal according to the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire cutoff scores. Conclusions Although there were no significant results in outcome measures, this study found that participants engaged in the research and enjoyed the process of reminiscing using both forms of technology. It was found that VR can be implemented in an aged care setting with correct protocols in place. Providing residents in aged care with a choice of technology may assist in increasing participation in activities. We cannot dismiss the importance of immediate effects while the therapy was in progress, and this is an avenue for future research. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001510134; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378564. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046030
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Saredakis
- UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Ad Keage
- UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Megan Corlis
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erica S Ghezzi
- UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Loffler
- Helping Hand Aged Care, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tobias Loetscher
- UniSA Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Interventions against Social Isolation of Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Existing Literature and Interventions. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6030082. [PMID: 34449636 PMCID: PMC8395923 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation is widespread among older adults, especially those confined to living in nursing homes and long-term care facilities. We completed a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of 20 interventions used to combat social isolation in older adults. A scoring mechanism based on the Joanna Briggs Appraisal Checklist was utilized to determine the quality of the studies. Searches were conducted in "MedLine", "PubMed", "PsycINFO" and "Aging and Mental Health". Studies completed on group and person-centered interventions against social isolation were the highest quality as the social isolation experienced by older adults decreased after the intervention, and this effect continued in follow-up studies. Other interventions such as volunteering-based interventions also alleviated isolation; however, follow-up studies were not completed to determine long-term efficacy. Given the increase in social isolation faced by older persons during the pandemic, our review can be utilized to create effective interventions to reduce social isolation.
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Madison AA, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. The gut microbiota and nervous system: Age-defined and age-defying. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:98-107. [PMID: 33422403 PMCID: PMC8257779 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even healthy older adults experience gastrointestinal (GI) and neurological changes. In fact, the aging process of these two systems are interrelated due the extensive, multifaceted communication network connecting them, termed the gut-brain axis. Age-related modification of the GI environment can influence the bacterial species that survive and thrive there. Additionally, the lifestyle common to older adults in the West, including sedentariness, polypharmacy, and a poor diet, can compound the effect of aging on the GI tract, gut microbiota, and nervous system. Emerging animal and human findings suggest that GI organisms play a major role in gut-brain communication, ultimately shaping neurological aging trajectories by either helping to maintain nervous system function into late life or promoting pathology. Aging and age-related behaviors help to define the gut microbiota's composition and function, but, conversely, the gut microbiota may help to determine late-life functionality and may be harnessed to limit the prevalence of steep neurological decline and diseases. Focusing primarily on clinical research, this review first defines the gut-brain axis, then details age-related GI and nervous system changes, and discusses the impact of age-related lifestyle factors on the GI and nervous systems. The remainder of this review describes cutting-edge research that positions the gut microbiota as an arbiter of age-related neurological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Madison
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
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Healthcare Professionals' Perceptions of Function-Focused Care Education for Nursing Home Practitioners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147587. [PMID: 34300036 PMCID: PMC8304022 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A nursing home (NH) care environment necessitates a shared cognition-based education model that maintains effective function-focused care (FFC). This study’s aim was to explore healthcare professionals’ perceptions of function-focused care education for the development of an education model using a shared mental model (SMM) in NHs. Semi-structured interviews with 30 interdisciplinary practitioners from four different professions (nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and social workers) and focus group interviews with 12 experts were conducted. Data were analyzed using content analysis, and the education model development was guided by the shared mental models for data interpretation and formation. Our FFC interdisciplinary educational model incorporates four key learning components: learning contents, educational activities, educational goals/outcome, and environment, and four types of SMMs: team, task, team interaction, and equipment. As for educational contents, a team’s competencies with FFC were found to be team knowledge (physical and psychosocial functional care), team skills to perform FFC successfully (motivation, coaching and supporting, managing discomfort), and team attitude (possessing philosophy perceptions regarding FFC). As for learning outcomes, the shared cognition-based education model suggests not only the evaluation of practitioners, but also the assessment of residents’ aspects.
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Behera CK, Condell J, Dora S, Gibson DS, Leavey G. State-of-the-Art Sensors for Remote Care of People with Dementia during a Pandemic: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4688. [PMID: 34300428 PMCID: PMC8309480 DOI: 10.3390/s21144688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of people diagnosed with dementia. With diminishing public health and social care resources, there is substantial need for assistive technology-based devices that support independent living. However, existing devices may not fully meet these needs due to fears and uncertainties about their use, educational support, and finances. Further challenges have been created by COVID-19 and the need for improved safety and security. We have performed a systematic review by exploring several databases describing assistive technologies for dementia and identifying relevant publications for this review. We found there is significant need for appropriate user testing of such devices and have highlighted certifying bodies for this purpose. Given the safety measures imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this review identifies the benefits and challenges of existing assistive technologies for people living with dementia and their caregivers. It also provides suggestions for future research in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Behera
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, University of Ulster, Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK; (C.K.B.); (S.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Joan Condell
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, University of Ulster, Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK; (C.K.B.); (S.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Shirin Dora
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, University of Ulster, Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK; (C.K.B.); (S.D.); (G.L.)
| | - David S. Gibson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine (NICSM), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, C-TRIC Building, Glenshane Road, Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK;
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, University of Ulster, Northland Road, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK; (C.K.B.); (S.D.); (G.L.)
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Pérez-Rodríguez P, Díaz de Bustamante M, Aparicio Mollá S, Arenas MC, Jiménez-Armero S, Lacosta Esclapez P, González-Espinoza L, Bermejo Boixareu C. Functional, cognitive, and nutritional decline in 435 elderly nursing home residents after the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Geriatr Med 2021; 12:1137-1145. [PMID: 34165775 PMCID: PMC8222945 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-021-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim To compare functional, cognitive, and nutritional status before and after COVID-19 pandemic among institutionalized older adults. Findings High frequencies of functional, cognitive, emotional, and nutritional decline were found after the first wave of COVID19 pandemic independently of the infection. Message Health workers and managers should take measures to prevent this decline in institutionalized elderly and its potential adverse effects. Purpose Many institutionalized older people have died during the first wave of COVID-19. Other related consequences have not yet been described objectively. The aim of this study was to compare functional, cognitive, and nutritional status before and after the first wave among nursing home residents, in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Methods Older adults institutionalized in four nursing homes were assessed from May to June 2020, by a geriatric multidisciplinary team in collaboration with the nursing homes staff. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed including functional, cognitive, and nutritional variables before and after the first wave of the pandemic. Data from residents with positive results for microbiological testing for SARS-CoV-2 were compared with those who did not. Results 435 nursing home residents were included. The median age was 86.77 ± 8.5 years, 78.4% were women. 190 (43.9%) tested positive for coronavirus. Functional decline after the first wave was detected in 20.2% according to the Barthel Index and in 18.5% according to functional ambulation categories, p < 0.001. Cognitive status worsened by 22 and 25.9% according to the global deterioration scale (p < 0.001) and Lobo’s Mini-Examen Cognoscitivo (p 0.01), respectively. Onset of depressive symptoms was found in 48% (p < 0.001). The prevalence of malnutrition increased by 36.8 and 38.4% lost weight. When comparing the functional, cognitive, and nutritional decline between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients no clinical or statistically significant differences were found except for the presence of prior malnutrition, higher in the COVID-19 group. Conclusion We observed a significative functional, cognitive, and nutritional decline in institutionalized elderly after the first wave of COVID-19. These results may be caused by the lockdown itself, since no differences have been found between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. According to these results, interventions are necessary during social isolation or confinement to prevent systemic decline in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pérez-Rodríguez
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Macarena Díaz de Bustamante
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Aparicio Mollá
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Caridad Arenas
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Armero
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Bermejo Boixareu
- Geriatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, C/ Joaquín Rodrigo, 2, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
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Monteiro-Junior RS, Oliveira TR, Leão LL, Baldo MP, de Paula AM, Laks J. Poor physical fitness is associated with impaired memory, executive function, and depression in institutionalized older adults: a cross-sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 44:41-45. [PMID: 33886947 PMCID: PMC8827364 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the association between physical fitness, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms among older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Methods: Seventy-six institutionalized male and female elderly individuals (65 years and older) living in LTCFs participated of this study. Physical fitness (aerobic capacity and strength), cognitive functions (global cognition, short-term and working and semantic memories, and executive function), and depressive symptoms were assessed. Linear regression and contingency analyses were performed. Significance was accepted at p-values ≤ 0.05. Results: Aerobic capacity predicted 32% of variance in global cognition (p < 0.01) and 25% of variance in semantic fluency/executive function (p < 0.01). Low levels of upper limb strength, lower limb strength, and aerobic capacity were associated with semantic fluency/executive function (OR = 1.38, p = 0.01, OR = 1.26, p = 0.03, and OR = 1.07, p = 0.01, respectively) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.06, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Poor physical fitness is associated with cognition and depressive symptoms in institutionalized older adults. Low levels of strength and aerobic fitness increase the odds of presenting with impaired semantic fluency and executive function, possibly denoting an increased risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato S Monteiro-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Tayrine R Oliveira
- Instituto de Neurociência do Exercício, Hospital Aroldo Tourinho, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Luana L Leão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Baldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Alfredo M de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Vizitiu C, Bîră C, Dinculescu A, Nistorescu A, Marin M. Exhaustive Description of the System Architecture and Prototype Implementation of an IoT-Based eHealth Biometric Monitoring System for Elders in Independent Living. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051837. [PMID: 33800728 PMCID: PMC7961703 DOI: 10.3390/s21051837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an exhaustive description of an extensible e-Health Internet-connected embedded system, which allows the measurement of three biometric parameters: pulse rate, oxygen saturation and temperature, via several wired and wireless sensors residing to the realm of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and cognitive assessment through Choice Reaction Time (CRT) analysis. The hardware used is based on ATMEGA AVR + MySignals Hardware printed circuit board (Hardware PCB), but with multiple upgrades (including porting from ATMEGA328P to ATMEGA2560). Multiple software improvements were made (by writing high-level device drivers, text-mode and graphic-mode display driver) for increasing functionality, portability, speed, and latency. A top-level embedded application was developed and benchmarked. A custom wireless AT command firmware was developed, based on ESP8266 firmware to allow AP-mode configuration and single-command JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data-packet pushing towards the cloud platform. All software is available in a git repository, including the measurement results. The proposed eHealth system provides with specific NCDs and cognitive views fostering the potential to exploit correlations between physiological and cognitive data and to generate predictive analysis in the field of eldercare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vizitiu
- Space Applications for Human Health and Safety Department, Institute of Space Science, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.N.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Călin Bîră
- Space Applications for Human Health and Safety Department, Institute of Space Science, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.N.); (M.M.)
- Devices, Circuits, Electronic Architectures, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Dinculescu
- Space Applications for Human Health and Safety Department, Institute of Space Science, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.N.); (M.M.)
- Image Processing and Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexandru Nistorescu
- Space Applications for Human Health and Safety Department, Institute of Space Science, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.N.); (M.M.)
- Faculty of Science Physical Education and Informatics, University of Pitesti, 110040 Pitesti, Romania
| | - Mihaela Marin
- Space Applications for Human Health and Safety Department, Institute of Space Science, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (C.B.); (A.N.); (M.M.)
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Fagundes DF, Costa MT, Alves BBDS, Benício MMS, Vieira LP, Carneiro LSF, Nascimento OJM, Monteiro Junior RS. Prevalence of dementia in long-term care institutions: a meta-analysis. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: This study comprises a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia in long-term care institutions (LTCIs). Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Original transversal and longitudinal articles published until July 2020 were eligible in this review. Databases PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect were searched. Overall prevalence and confidence intervals were estimated. Heterogeneity was calculated according to the index of heterogeneity (I2). Results: One hundred seventy-five studies were found in all databases and 19 studies were meta-analyses, resulting in an overall prevalence of 53% (CI 46-59%; p < 0.01) of demented older adults living in LTCIs. Conclusion: Prevalence of dementia is higher in older adults living in LTCIs than those living in general communities. This data shows a worrying reality that needs to be changed. There is a need for a better understanding of the elements that cause this increase in dementia in LTCFs to direct actions to improve the quality of life and health of institutionalized elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lara S. F. Carneiro
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Educativas do Douro, Portugal; Instituto Universitário da Maia, Portugal; Desporto e Desenvolvimento Humano, Portugal
| | | | - Renato Sobral Monteiro Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Brasil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil; Instituto de Neurociência do Exercício, Brasil
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McGraw C, Pekarek J, Redmond D, Vogel R, Tanner A, Bar-Or D. Is preexisting mental illness associated with lower patient satisfaction for older trauma patients? A cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:67. [PMID: 33516194 PMCID: PMC7847564 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine if satisfaction with care differs among older trauma patients with and without preexisting mental illness (PMI+/PMI-). METHODS Data from two level I trauma centers were examined from 11/2016 through 12/2017. Trauma patients ≥55 years were included and satisfaction of those who had a diagnosis of mental illness prior to the trauma admission (PMI+) to those without a diagnosis (PMI-) (n = 299; 62 PMI+ and 237 PMI-) were compared. Enrolled patients completed the Family Satisfaction with Advanced Care Cancer Scale Patient Survey (FAMCARE-P13) prior to discharge. Associations between mental illness status and patient baseline characteristics, overall mean satisfaction, and mean satisfaction by question were compared. Generalized linear models adjusted for differences in patient satisfaction by mental illness status. Analyses were stratified by hospital to account for the interaction between hospital and mental illness status. RESULTS Compared to PMI- patients, PMI+ patients were more likely to be younger, female, have multiple comorbidities, and to report lower overall satisfaction with care. Among PMI+ patients, the most common diagnoses were depression and anxiety. After adjustment, PMI+ was associated with lower patient satisfaction at hospital 1; after examining individual questions lower satisfaction was associated with information provided on procedures and questions surrounding "Physical care." Conversely, PMI+ did not affect satisfaction at hospital 2 after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS At hospital 1, room for improvement was identified in providing information about prognosis and procedures, symptom management, and continuity of care. Reexamining practices for older PMI+ trauma patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance McGraw
- Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, CO, Lakewood, USA
- Trauma Research Department, Penrose-St. Francis Health Services, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Pekarek
- Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, CO, Lakewood, USA
| | - Diane Redmond
- Trauma Research Department, Penrose-St. Francis Health Services, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca Vogel
- Trauma Services Department, St. Anthony Hospital, Lakewood, CO, USA
| | - Allen Tanner
- Trauma Services Department, Penrose St.-Francis Health Services, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - David Bar-Or
- Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, CO, Lakewood, USA.
- Trauma Research Department, Penrose-St. Francis Health Services, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
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Oliveira LM, Evangelista E Souza EH, Alves MR, Carneiro LSF, Fagundes DF, de Paula AMB, Engedal K, Nascimento OJM, Monteiro-Junior RS. 2D Virtual Reality-Based Exercise Improves Spatial Navigation in Institutionalized Non-robust Older Persons: A Preliminary Data Report of a Single-Blind, Randomized, and Controlled Study. Front Neurol 2021; 11:609988. [PMID: 33584510 PMCID: PMC7874171 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.609988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spatial navigation is a prodromal dementia marker. Exercise used alongside virtual reality improves many cognitive functions, but effects on spatial navigation are still unclear. Objective: To investigate the effect of virtual reality-based physical exercise with 2D exergames on spatial navigation in institutionalized non-robust older persons. Method: A total of 14 older persons (aged ≧ 60) were randomly allocated to the exergame (EG) and active control (ACG) groups. EG performed exercises with 2D exergames, while the ACG used the same movements as the EG, but without the use of virtual reality. Spatial navigation was assessed through the Floor Maze Test, where the immediate maze time (IMT) and delayed maze time (DMT) were recorded. Results: Spatial navigation was enhanced in EG participants compared to ACG individuals. A significant (p = 0.01) IMT reduction between groups was observed, while DMT time without prior planning was significantly different at the significance threshold (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Virtual reality-based exercise improves the spatial navigation of institutionalized non-robust older persons. This study should be replicated to confirm the findings reported herein. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (Protocol RBR-8dv3kg - https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8dv3kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mendes Oliveira
- Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neurosciences), Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Rocha Alves
- Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neurosciences), Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Ferreira Fagundes
- Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neurosciences), Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian Advisory Unit for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Osvaldo J M Nascimento
- Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neurosciences), Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Graduate Program of Medicine (Neurology/Neurosciences), Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil.,Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Montes Claros State University, Montes Claros, Brazil
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Fonseca LM, Mattar GP, Haddad GG, Burduli E, McPherson SM, Guilhoto LMDFF, Yassuda MS, Busatto GF, Bottino CMDC, Hoexter MQ, Chaytor NS. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome and Its Impact on Caregiver Distress. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:137-154. [PMID: 33749644 PMCID: PMC9789481 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are non-cognitive manifestations common to dementia and other medical conditions, with important consequences for the patient, caregivers, and society. Studies investigating NPS in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and dementia are scarce. OBJECTIVE Characterize NPS and caregiver distress among adults with DS using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). METHODS We evaluated 92 individuals with DS (≥30 years of age), divided by clinical diagnosis: stable cognition, prodromal dementia, and AD. Diagnosis was determined by a psychiatrist using the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down's Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS). NPS and caregiver distress were evaluated by an independent psychiatrist using the NPI, and participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment with Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG-DS). RESULTS Symptom severity differed between-groups for delusion, agitation, apathy, aberrant motor behavior, nighttime behavior disturbance, and total NPI scores, with NPS total score being found to be a predictor of AD in comparison to stable cognition (OR for one-point increase in the NPI = 1.342, p = 0.012). Agitation, apathy, nighttime behavior disturbances, and total NPI were associated with CAMCOG-DS, and 62% of caregivers of individuals with AD reported severe distress related to NPS. Caregiver distress was most impacted by symptoms of apathy followed by nighttime behavior, appetite/eating abnormalities, anxiety, irritability, disinhibition, and depression (R2 = 0.627, F(15,76) = 8.510, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION NPS are frequent and severe in individuals with DS and AD, contributing to caregiver distress. NPS in DS must be considered of critical relevance demanding management and treatment. Further studies are warranted to understand the biological underpinnings of such symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mascarenhas Fonseca
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Science, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Programa Terceira Idade PROTER, Old Age Research Group, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Prado Mattar
- Programa Terceira Idade PROTER, Old Age Research Group, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glenda Guerra Haddad
- Programa Terceira Idade PROTER, Old Age Research Group, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sterling M. McPherson
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Science, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Geraldo Filho Busatto
- Programa Terceira Idade PROTER, Old Age Research Group, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM21, Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassio Machado de Campos Bottino
- Programa Terceira Idade PROTER, Old Age Research Group, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter
- Projeto Transtornos do Espectro Obsessivo-Compulsivo PROTOC, Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Sage Chaytor
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Science, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Suh M. [Influences of Autonomic Function, Salivary Cortisol and Physical Activity on Cognitive Functions in Institutionalized Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Based on Neurovisceral Integration Model]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2021; 51:294-304. [PMID: 34215708 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.20282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate objectively measured physical activity (PA) in institutionalized older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to elucidate the influence of autonomic nervous function, salivary cortisol, and PA on cognitive functions based on neurovisceral integration model. METHODS Overall cognitive function was evaluated using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and executive function was evaluated using semantic verbal fluency test and clock drawing test. Actigraph for PA, HRV and sAA for autonomous function, and the geriatric depression scale for depression were used. Saliva specimens were collected in the morning for sAA and cortisol. RESULTS Ninety-eight older adults from four regional geriatric hospitals participated in the study. They took 4,499 steps per day on average. They spent 753.93 minutes and 23.12 minutes on average in sedentary and moderate-to-vigorous activity, respectively. In the multiple regression analysis, lower salivary cortisol level (β = - .33, p = .041) and greater step counts (β = .37, p = .029) significantly improved MMSE score. Greater step count (β = .27, p = .016) also exerted a significant influence on verbal fluency, and greater sAA (β = .35, p = .026) was significantly associated with a better clock drawing test result. CONCLUSION Salivary cortisol, sAA and physical activity were significantly associated with cognitive functions. To prevent older adults from developing dementia, strategies are needed to increase their overall PA amount by decreasing sedentary time and to decrease salivary cortisol for cognitive function, and to maintain their sympathetic nervous activity for executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Suh
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
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Mamalaki E, Balomenos V, Scarmeas N, Yannakoulia M. Type 2 Diabetes and Mediterranean Diet in Older Adults: a Brief Review of the Evidence. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-020-00340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Age-Related Changes in the Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia in Older Men and Women. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2020; 36:E139-E146. [PMID: 33201033 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate age-related changes in the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and dementia in older men and women separately. SETTING A total of 243 general practices in the UK. PARTICIPANTS This study included 4760 patients who received a first TBI diagnosis between 1995 and 2010 (index date), and 4760 patients without TBI who were matched to those with TBI by age, sex, index year, Charlson Comorbidity Index, alcohol dependence, and physician (index date: a randomly selected visit date). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. MAIN MEASURES Incidence of dementia in the decade following index date. RESULTS Within 10 years of index date, 8.8% of men with TBI and 4.8% of those without TBI were diagnosed with dementia, while the respective figures were 9.0% and 6.7% in women (P values < .01). There was a significant association between TBI and dementia in men (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-3.19) and in women (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07-1.64). Furthermore, the association between TBI and dementia was significant in men aged 60 to 70 (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.27-4.96) and 71 to 80 years (HR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.82-4.93), whereas the relationship was only significant and potentially unreliable in women aged 81 to 90 years (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03-2.14). CONCLUSIONS The age-related relationship between TBI and dementia differed between men and women. More research of a prospective nature and including behavioral data is needed to better understand these differences.
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Bezerra CB, Saintrain MVDL, Nobre MA, Sandrin RLESP, Galera SC, Bruno ZV. Major depression and associated factors in institutionalized older adults. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 25:909-916. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1710543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zenilda Vieira Bruno
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Lu P, Kong D, Shelley M. Making the Decision to Move to a Nursing Home: Longitudinal Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study. J Appl Gerontol 2020; 40:1197-1205. [PMID: 32795112 DOI: 10.1177/0733464820949042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study applied the theory of planned behavior to examine predictors of U.S. older adults' (65+ years) intention and behavior of moving to a nursing home. Two waves of Health and Retirement Study data were used (N = 9,969). Moving intention was measured by respondents' self-reported probability to move in the next 5 years in Wave 1. Moving behavior was measured by whether they actually moved in Wave 2. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships of demographic and health predictors with moving intention and behavior. For both genders, advanced age, poorer health, having fewer children, and long-term care insurance were associated with higher levels of moving intention and behavior. Men's intention was a significant predictor of subsequent moving behavior. However, women's intention was not associated with moving behavior, probably due to inadequate resources to support their preference. The findings provide meaningful personhood-centered insights into nursing home entry decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Lu
- Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Dexia Kong
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Nutritional Status Plays More Important Role in Determining Functional State in Older People Living in the Community than in Nursing Home Residents. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072042. [PMID: 32660012 PMCID: PMC7400166 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify whether the relationship between nutritional and functional status differs between seniors in the community and those in long-term care institutions. One hundred nursing home (NH) residents aged 60 years and above and 100 sex- and age-matched community-dwelling (CD) older adults were examined. Functional status was assessed using the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) and nutritional status using anthropometric measures, the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire (MNA) and bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Significant environmental interactions were observed with resting metabolic rate (RMR), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) ratio, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), skeletal muscle index (SMI) and impedance (Z) and resistance (R) to the results of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The two groups demonstrated different relationships between Z and R and handgrip strength and between Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score and fat free mass (FFM), body density, total body water (TBW) and phase angle (PhA). Nutritional status seems to be more important for functional state in CD older people than in NH residents. Therefore, to ensure the functional independence of seniors living in the community, it is crucial to maintain the correct nutritional parameters. Further studies are necessary to account for the fact that this relationship is less significant among NH residents and to identify other factors that may contribute to these discrepancies between community and institutional environments.
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Ni Y, Tein JY, Zhang M, Zhen F, Huang F, Huang Y, Yao Y, Mei J. The need to belong: A parallel process latent growth curve model of late life negative affect and cognitive function. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Almeida CABD, Figueiredo LFDS, Plácido J, Silva FDO, Maciel-Pinheiro PDT, Monteiro-Junior RS, Deslandes AC, Laks J. Floor Maze Test as a predictor of cognitive decline in older adults living in nursing homes. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective Long-term care facilities (LTCF) are associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and impairment in spatial navigation abilities. Recent studies have demonstrated that spatial navigation as a complex skill, involving cognitive and motor functions, emerging as a new marker for the progression of dementia. The present study aims to compare spatial navigation in healthy, institutionalized, and AD elderly subjects. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 78 elderly individuals (healthy = 37, AD = 22, institutionalized = 19) using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Floor Maze Test (FMT) and 8-foot-up-and-gotest (8UG) to assess global cognitive function, spatial navigation and motor function, respectively. Results In the FMT, the immediate maze time (IMT) and delay maze time (DMT) were significantly shorter in the healthy group than those of the institutionalized and AD groups ( X 2 = 31.23; p < 0.01) and ( X 2 = 41.21; p < 0.01), while there were no significant differences between the AD and institutionalized groups in terms of the DMT and MMSE results. However, the institutionalized group showed worse results in terms of IMT (p < 0.01) and 8UG (p < 0.01) than those in the dementia group. Conclusion Our results indicate that both institutionalized older people and patients with Dementia have a deficit in the spatial navigation ability, cognitive functions and motor skills. We should consider that there might be a possibility of underdiagnosis in institutionalized older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerson Laks
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; University Center UniCBE, Brazil
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50
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Malhotra C, Vishwanath P, Yong JR, Østbye T, Seow D, Yap P, Tan LL, Tham WY, Vaingankar J, Foo J, Tan BY, Tong K, Ng WC, Allen Jr JC, Malhotra R, Tan WM, Wee SL, Ng LL, Goveas R, Mok V, Sim A, Ng WF, Wong HK, Balasundaram B, Tan RQ, Ong PS, Cheong CY, Yee Chung Pheng A, Tiong C, Hum A, Lee A, Finkelstein EA. A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Caregivers of Community Dwelling Persons with Severe Dementia (PISCES): Study Protocol. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:403-416. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Malhotra
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Jing Rong Yong
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Truls Østbye
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dennis Seow
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Phillip Yap
- Geriatric Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lay Ling Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jason Foo
- Alzheimer’s Disease Association, Singapore
| | | | - Kamun Tong
- Post-acute & Continuing Care, Jurong Community Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wai Chong Ng
- Hua Mei Centre for Successful Ageing, Tsao Foundation, Singapore
| | | | - Rahul Malhotra
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Centre for Ageing Research and Education (CARE), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Shiou Liang Wee
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Alexandra Health Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Li Ling Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Richard Goveas
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Mok
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Alisson Sim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei Fern Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hon Khuan Wong
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Rui Qi Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Pui Sim Ong
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Angel Lee
- St. Andrew’s Community Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eric A. Finkelstein
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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