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Jansson-Fröjmark M, Sunnhed R, Carney CE, Rosendahl I. Conceptual overlap of negative thought processes in insomnia: A focus on catastrophizing, worry, and rumination in a student sample. Behav Sleep Med 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38949088 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2374264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association and overlap between different forms of negative thought processes in insomnia is largely unknown. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine conceptual overlap between three insomnia-specific negative thought processes; catastrophizing, worry, and rumination, identify the underlying factors, and explore their associations with insomnia symptoms. METHODS A total of 360 students completed three insomnia-related negative thought process scales (Catastrophic Thoughts about Insomnia Scale, Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire, Daytime Insomnia Symptom Response Scale) and two insomnia symptoms measures (the Insomnia Severity Index and Sleep Condition Indicator). RESULTS The three scales and their subscales displayed acceptable reliabilities. Further, confirmatory factor analysis was supportive of the notion of catastrophizing, worry, and rumination measures as distinct. The catastrophizing and worry constructs were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms, but the rumination factor was not. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that catastrophizing, worry, and rumination might be viewed as distinct constructs. Although more research is warranted on the topic of conceptual overlap, the current results might have implications for the development of models of insomnia, clinical research, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Jansson-Fröjmark
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Sunnhed
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colleen E Carney
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ingvar Rosendahl
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden
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Broos HC, Dev AS, Llabre MM, Saab PG, Timpano KR. Trait and situation-specific intolerance of uncertainty predict affective symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:115-124. [PMID: 38350541 PMCID: PMC11167600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, a high-uncertainty situation, presents an ideal opportunity to examine how trait intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and situation-specific IU relate to each other and to mental health outcomes. The current longitudinal study examined the unique associations of trait and COVID-specific IU with general distress (anxiety and depression) and pandemic-specific concerns (pandemic stress and vaccine worry). METHODS A community sample of Florida adults (N = 2152) was surveyed online at three timepoints. They completed measures of trait IU at Wave 1 (April-May 2020) and COVID-specific IU at Wave 2 (May-June 2020). At Wave 3 (December-February 2021), they reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, pandemic stress, and vaccine worry. RESULTS We used structural equation modeling to test our overall model. Trait IU significantly predicted later COVID-specific IU, however there was no significant effect of trait IU on any outcome measure after accounting for COVID-specific IU. Notably, COVID-specific IU fully mediated the relationship between trait IU and all four symptom measures. LIMITATIONS There were several limitations of the current study, including the use of a community sample and high participant attrition. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that COVID-specific IU predicts mental health outcomes over and above trait IU, extending the existing literature. These findings indicate that uncertainty may be more aversive when it is related to specific distressing situations, providing guidance for developing more specific and individualized interventions. Idiographic treatments which target situation-specific IU may be more efficacious in reducing affective symptoms and related stress during the COVID-19 pandemic or other similar events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Broos
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States of America.
| | - Amelia S Dev
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States of America
| | - Maria M Llabre
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States of America
| | - Patrice G Saab
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States of America
| | - Kiara R Timpano
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States of America
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Meyer AE, Silva SG, Curry JF. Is everything really okay?: Using ecological momentary assessment to evaluate daily co-fluctuations in anxiety and reassurance seeking. Behav Res Ther 2023; 171:104429. [PMID: 37992481 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reassurance seeking, a behavior prominent in anxiety disorders and depression, is associated with poorer quality of interpersonal relationships and acts as a mechanism of stress generation. However, little research has elucidated momentary associations between state anxiety and reassurance seeking behaviors. METHOD In a sample of 104 university-affiliated young adults, we sought to replicate cross-sectional associations of reassurance seeking with trait anxiety (Aim 1) and intolerance of uncertainty (Aim 2). We then used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to evaluate concurrent fluctuations in daily anxiety and reassurance seeking across 14 consecutive days (Aim 3). Hierarchical multi-level models for intensive longitudinal data were used to evaluate the relationship between state anxiety and daily reassurance seeking. RESULTS In baseline analyses, trait anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty were significantly associated with greater trait reassurance seeking, controlling for depression. Analyses of the EMA data showed that daily reassurance seeking behaviors fluctuated concurrently with daily anxiety during the 14 days, while controlling for trait anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Given evidence of concurrent fluctuations between state anxiety and reassurance seeking, the behavior should be considered as a potential target in treatment for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Meyer
- Indiana University School of Medicine, United States; Duke University, United States.
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Sharma E, Mondal S, Das S, Vrana VG. Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1052. [PMID: 37376441 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to maintain population health. However, it can only be effective if widespread acceptance is held. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines depends on their favor. When countries start to vaccinate their citizens, there is a certain level of skepticism about the effectiveness of the vaccines. The hesitancy study on vaccines has gained momentum following the pandemic. However, few studies have examined the link between the psychological and sociodemographic factors influencing the fit. This paper proposes integrating the concepts of the information systems success and stimulus-organism-response into a cognitive fit theory framework to explore the integration of psychological and sociodemographic factors in the receivers' reactions (n = 1510). This study analyses the factors that influence the hesitancy of vaccines and the public's refusal in Asia and Europe. Receivers' reactions were assessed to various stimuli and we explored the link between psychological and sociodemographic elements and the concept of fit. Two surveys were conducted following the scale development of Mackenzie. The first was to develop the fit scale, while the second was to validate the fit scale. The results of the second survey were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the scale's fit development is valid and reliable. The quality of the vaccine information, the psychological characteristics of the vaccine system, and vaccine receivers' satisfaction are also beneficial factors for emotional and cognitive fit. Maintaining the vaccines' quality and efficiency can help improve the fit between sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. It can also enhance receivers' satisfaction and encourage continued vaccine administration. This study is regarded as one of the first to examine and develop an emotional and cognitive fit scale for practitioners and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Sharma
- Symbiosis Institute of Business Management Bengaluru, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Karnataka 560100, India
| | - Subhra Mondal
- The Honors Programme, Department of Marketing, South Star Management Institute, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Subhankar Das
- The Honors Programme, Department of Marketing, South Star Management Institute, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Vasiliki G Vrana
- Department of Business Administration, School of Economics and Administration, The Campus of Serres, International Hellenic University, 62124 Serres, Greece
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5
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Ginsburg DK, Salinas DB, Cosanella TM, Wee CP, Saeed MM, Keens TG, Gold JI. High rates of anxiety detected in mothers of children with inconclusive cystic fibrosis screening results. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:420-426. [PMID: 36528525 PMCID: PMC10702610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to assess postpartum depression, anxiety, and depression in mothers of children with an inconclusive diagnosis after a positive cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening (NBS), known as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) or CF screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID). There is limited information on the prognosis and on the impact of this designation on maternal mental health. METHODS Mothers of children with CRMS/CFSPID and CF identified by NBS were recruited from two centers in California. Maternal mental health was assessed using measures of depression, anxiety, and a scripted interview. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were applied for data reporting. RESULTS A total of 109 mothers were recruited: CF: 51, CRMS/CFSPID: 58. Mothers from both groups showed higher rates of depression and anxiety symptoms than women in the general population. CRMS/CFSPID and CF mothers had no significant difference on their self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression after adjusting for potential confounders. Mothers equally reported that their child's diagnosis had a negative impact, and that genetic counseling had a positive impact on their emotional health. CONCLUSIONS CF and CRMS/CFSPID diagnoses impact maternal mental health similarly. Uncertain prognosis of CRMS/CFSPID likely contributed to the negative mental health impact. Providers should consider conducting mental health screening for every mother of a child with CRMS/CFSPID, in addition to the recommended mental health screening for mothers of children with CF. Genetic counseling has potential to mitigate emotional stress on these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella K Ginsburg
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California (USC), United States
| | - Danieli B Salinas
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California (USC), United States
| | - Taylor M Cosanella
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California (USC), United States
| | - Choo Phei Wee
- Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute (SC-CTSI), Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, United States
| | - Muhammed M Saeed
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, United States
| | - Thomas G Keens
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California (USC), United States
| | - Jeffrey I Gold
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States; Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, The Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd. MS#12, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States.
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6
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Intolerance of Uncertainty and Social Anxiety: An Experimental Investigation. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2022.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a cognitive bias that leads to perception and intolerance of uncertainty and has associated negative cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses. It plays a strong role in social anxiety disorder (SAD; Counsell et al., 2017). Our experimental study examined the impact of uncertainty related to a social stressor on SAD using a speech task. We examined features of SAD including anticipatory anxiety, anxiety during the task, willingness to perform the task, and avoidance of the task. Undergraduate students (N = 110, 88% female) with significant social anxiety completed a series of questionnaires, then were randomised to one of two conditions related to level of uncertainty about an impromptu speech task. The experimental condition (state IU) did not predict any of the outcome variables, while trait IU significantly predicted anxiety levels. Results indicate that increased uncertainty of a social situation does not impact acute anxiety levels in SAD and reinforce the strong role of trait IU as a transdiagnostic cognitive variable. Neither trait nor state IU predicted the willingness and avoidance variables. Results also highlighted the central role of the experience of anxiety on avoidance behaviours, above cognitive factors such as IU.
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7
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Wang T, Jiang L, Li T, Zhang X, Xiao S. The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty, coping style, resilience, and anxiety during the COVID-19 relapse in freshmen: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1136084. [PMID: 36865070 PMCID: PMC9971563 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The repeated outbreaks of COVID-19 and the rapid increase in uncertainty have had many negative effects on the public's mental health, especially on emotional aspects such as anxiety and depression. However, in previous studies, there are few studies exploring the positive factors between uncertainty and anxiety. The innovation of this study is the first to explore the mechanism of coping style and resilience as people's psychological protective factors between uncertainty and anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This study explored the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety of freshmen with coping style as mediating variable and resilience as moderating variable. A total of 1049 freshmen participated in the study and completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Results SAS score of the surveyed students (39.56 ± 10.195) was significantly higher than that of the Normal Chinese score (29.78 ± 10.07, p < 0.001). Intolerance of uncertainty was significantly positively correlated with anxiety (β = 0.493, p < 0.001). Positive coping style has a significant negative impact on anxiety (β = -0.610, p < 0.001), negative coping style has a significant positive impact on anxiety (β = 0.951, p < 0.001). Resilience moderates the second half of the influence of negative coping style on anxiety (β = 0.011, t = 3.701, p < 0.01). Conclusion The findings suggest that high levels of intolerance of uncertainty had negative effects mental burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. The knowledge of the mediating role of coping style and the moderating role of resilience may be used by health care workers when consulting freshmen with physical health complaints and psychosomatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychology of TCM and Brain Science, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingwei Jiang
- Department of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhang
- Department of Humanities, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Sanrong Xiao
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Malbec M, Hindmarsh JN, Jongerling J, Franken IH, Wieser MJ. No intolerance of errors: The effect of intolerance of uncertainty on performance monitoring revisited. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:77-88. [PMID: 35835330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Errors have been conceptualized as internal forms of threat that can cause harm in unpredictable ways. An index of error processing is the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential reflecting variability in the sensitivity to errors. Prior work has shown the relationship between psychopathology symptoms and the ERN is unclear, and may be moderated by intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a trait that captures how people react to unpredictability. IU includes two subfactors of prospective IU (active seeking of predictability) and inhibitory IU (behavioral paralysis). In the present study, 188 undergraduates performed an Eriksen flanker task designed to elicit the ERN, while brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Participants completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Short Form (IUS-12), and other measures of anxiety, depression and worry. Total IU explained 5 % of the variance in correct-response negativity (CRN), but was not associated with the ERN in our sample. In contrast to previous findings, the IU subfactors did not predict the ERN or post-error slowing (PES), nor did total IU and depression interact to predict the ERN. Exploratory analyses also showed that total IU did not moderate the relationship between trait anxiety and the ERN. Small samples may have previously exaggerated the links between self-reported IU and the ERN. As such, further high-powered replications are required to confirm if, and how, they are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Malbec
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua N Hindmarsh
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joran Jongerling
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias J Wieser
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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Bartoszek G, Ranney RM, Curanovic I, Costello SJ, Behar E. Intolerance of uncertainty and information-seeking behavior: Experimental manipulation of threat relevance. Behav Res Ther 2022; 154:104125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Nishikawa Y, Fracalanza K, Rector NA, Laposa JM. Social anxiety and negative interpretations of positive social events: What role does intolerance of uncertainty play? J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:2513-2524. [PMID: 35435997 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although previous studies have demonstrated the association between social anxiety symptom severity and the tendency to appraise positive social events negatively among individuals with social anxiety disorder, no study has examined mediators of this relationship. The current study sought to examine whether intolerance of uncertainty and its subfactors mediate the relationship between social interaction anxiety and the tendency to interpret positive social events negatively. METHOD One hundred and sixty-five individuals with social anxiety disorder completed measures of social interaction anxiety symptom severity, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative interpretations of positive social events. RESULTS Total intolerance of uncertainty and the inhibitory-intolerance of uncertainty subscale scores significantly mediated the relationship between social interaction anxiety and negative interpretations of positive events. Exploratory post-hoc analyses regarding the possible contributing role of depression demonstrated mixed results. The same mediation pattern was found in the full sample as well as those without a secondary comorbid mood disorder diagnosis. In contrast, serial mediation showed a mediating role of depressive symptom severity. CONCLUSION Inhibitory-intolerance of uncertainty plays a role in the relationship between social interaction anxiety and negative interpretations of positive social events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nishikawa
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie Fracalanza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Neil A Rector
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith M Laposa
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Di Rosa E, Mapelli D, Ronconi L, Macchia E, Gentili C, Bisiacchi P, Edelstyn N. Anxiety predicts impulsive-compulsive behaviours in Parkinson's disease: Clinical relevance and theoretical implications. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:220-229. [PMID: 35134729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often present symptoms of anxiety, depression and apathy. These negative affect manifestations have been recently associated with the presence of impulsive compulsive behaviours (ICBs). However, their relation with the use of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT), a renewed risk factor for ICBs, is still not fully understood. Elucidating the role of these different ICBs predictors in PD could inform both prevention/intervention recommendations as well as theoretical models. In the present study, we have analysed data collected in 417 PD patients, 50 patients with Parkinsonian symptoms but with scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD), and 185 healthy controls (HC). We examined each patient's clinical profile over a two-year time window, investigating the role of both negative affect and DRT on ICBs. Results confirmed the presence of higher levels of anxiety in both the clinical groups, and of higher level of ICBs in SWEDD patients, respect to both PD and HC. Mixed model analyses revealed a statistically significant association between anxiety and ICBs in the SWEDD patients who did not take any DRT. Findings suggest the independence between anxiety and DRT in ICBs development, and provide new evidence for the motivational opponency theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Di Rosa
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; School of Psychology, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
| | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Ronconi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eleonora Macchia
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Gentili
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Centro di Ateneo dei Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicky Edelstyn
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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12
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Job-Seeking Anxiety and Job Preparation Behavior of Undergraduate Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020288. [PMID: 35206902 PMCID: PMC8872297 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to examine and compare the job-seeking anxiety and job preparation behavior of undergraduate students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed; the study participants were 360 students (3rd and 4th grade), selected from K’ university in G city. Data were collected by structured self-reported questionnaires from November 2020 to February 2021. Variables included general characteristics, job-seeking anxiety and job preparation behavior and were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis by using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Of the total population, 70.8% were female in the health and social science group, the age group was 22–24 years (55.2%; 50.2%) and were fourth grade 62%; 59.1%). The level of job-seeking anxiety of students showed a higher proportion in health science (4.45 ± 0.81) than social science (3.73 ± 0.55). The level of job preparation behavior also revealed the same results in health science (4.28 ± 0.76) and social science (4.06 ± 0.81). Job anxiety showed a positive correlation with employment anxiety induction situation (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and employment anxiety induction causes (r = 0.27, p < 0.01), and social science students showed a positive correlation with employment anxiety induction situation (r = 0.24, p < 0.01) and employment anxiety induction causes (r = 0.23, p < 0.01). The factors of age, gender and desired job position are highly associated with job-seeking anxiety and job preparation behavior. The findings of this study revealed job-seeking anxiety was higher among the undergraduate students and showed a high level of job preparation behavior. There is a need to develop intervention strategies for promoting job preparation behavior and reducing job-seeking anxiety among undergraduate students by providing career planning to improve the positive attitude towards desired job selection.
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Intolerance of Uncertainty Relates to Anxiety and Depression Through Negative Coping and Worry: Evidence from a Repeated-Measures Study. Int J Cogn Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-021-00130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Steiner EM, Dahlquist L. Intolerance of uncertainty and protective parenting: the mediating role of maternal appraisals and the moderating role of child health status. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.2007771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Steiner
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lynnda Dahlquist
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Chen L, Zeng S. The Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Employment Anxiety of Graduates During COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Career Planning. Front Psychol 2021; 12:694785. [PMID: 34764900 PMCID: PMC8576396 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, which is characterized by uncertainty, makes the employment anxiety of college graduates in the period of career change more and more intense. How to deal with this challenge is particularly important. The present study took career planning as a moderating variable to explore the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and employment anxiety, as well as the role of career planning. In this quantitative study, the data of 563 college graduates from different schools were collected by using the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12, Vocational Selection Anxiety Questionnaire of University Graduate, and Career Planning Scale. The final effective sample size was 550 (the overall recovery rate was 97.7%). The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between IU and employment anxiety, while there was a significant negative correlation between career planning and IU, as well as the relationship between career planning and employment anxiety. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that IU significantly positively predicted the employment anxiety of graduates, and career planning moderated the relationship between IU and employment anxiety. These findings suggested that maintaining a sense of career planning can help college graduates get through smoothly in the face of uncertainty of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zeng
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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Are we still uncertain about the latent structure of intolerance of uncertainty: Results from factor mixture modeling in a Serbian sample. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:505-512. [PMID: 34330046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic risk factor for emotional disorders. Exploring the nature of IU might allow us to understand better a difference between pathological and normal worry processes. For that purpose, factor mixture modeling (FMM) can be used to test the latent structure of IU across a categorical-dimensional spectrum. METHOD In the current study, FMM was used to examine the structure of IU in a sample of 1440 (Mage = 19.71, SD = 1.14) university students in Serbia. A Serbian Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-11 was used. RESULTS Results suggest that IU has four latent classes, named as Low IU, Moderate-Low IU, Moderate-High IU and High IU. The Low IU and High IU classes significantly differed in levels of positive and negative affect (NA), symptoms of depression (D), anxiety (A), stress (A), depressive cognitive bias and anxiety sensitivity (AS). Moderate-Low IU and Moderate-High classes had higher symptoms than Low IU class, but lower than High IU class. The Moderate-Low IU and Moderate-High IU classes differed in symptoms of D, A, S, and in levels of AS and NA. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional and included only non-clinical sample. CONCLUSION The latent structure of IU tested on a Serbian sample can be described in terms of hybrid latent structure The cut-off scores of ≤ 19 and ≥ 26 can be used to detect those who are non-vulnerable or at risk for IU-related psychopathology.
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YIĞMAN F, FİDAN S. Transdiagnostik Faktör Olarak Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.827416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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O’Bryan EM, Stevens KT, Bimstein JG, Jean A, Mammo L, Tolin DF. Intolerance of Uncertainty and Anxiety Symptoms: Examining the Indirect Effect Through Anxiety Sensitivity Among Adults with Anxiety-Related Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Investigating How Intolerance of Uncertainty and Emotion Regulation Predict Experiential Avoidance in Non-Clinical Participants. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-021-00602-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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20
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Emotion Dysregulation within the CBT-E Model of Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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From Uncertainty to Anxiety: How Uncertainty Fuels Anxiety in a Process Mediated by Intolerance of Uncertainty. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8866386. [PMID: 33299402 PMCID: PMC7704173 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8866386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty about future events may lead to worry, anxiety, even inability to function. The highly related concept-intolerance of uncertainty (IU)-emerged in the early 1990s, which is further developed into a transdiagnostic risk factor in multiple forms of anxiety disorders. Interests in uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty have rapidly increased in recent years; little is known about the construct and phenomenology of uncertainty and IU and the association between them. In an attempt to reveal the nature of two concepts, we reviewed broad literature surrounding uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty (IU). We followed the process in which the whole IU theory developed and extended, including two aspects: (1) from uncertainty to intolerance of uncertainty and (2) definition of uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty, and further concluded uncertainty fuels to negative emotions, biased expectancy, and inflexible response. Secondly, this paper summarized the experimental research concerning uncertainty and IU, consisted of three parts: (1) uncertainty-based research, (2) measurements of IU, and (3) domain-specific IU. Lastly, we pointed out what remains unknown and needed to be investigated in future research. This result provides a comprehensive overview in this domain, enhancing our understanding of uncertainty and IU and contributing to further theoretical and empirical explorations.
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Baptista MN, Falcone EMDO, Viegas MP, Oliveira ER, Krieger S, Pereira LB, Alves AJDCP, Peluso ML, Silva FTD. Estrutura Interna da Escala Cognitiva de Ansiedade (ECOGA). PSICO-USF 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1413/82712020250413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo objetivou investigar evidências de validade de estrutura interna para a Escala Cognitiva de Ansiedade (ECOGA) por análise fatorial exploratória (AFE). A amostra foi formada por 874 participantes, sendo 656 da população geral, 179 de instituições de saúde e 39 de consultórios particulares com hipótese diagnóstica de transtornos de ansiedade. A maioria da amostra foi masculina (55%), solteiros (61,1%) com ensino superior incompleto (46%). A análise paralela da ECOGA, contendo inicialmente 73 itens, demonstrou a existência de até quatro fatores, a MAP com três e a Hull com um. Análises com três e quatro fatores (teoricamente aceitáveis) foram realizadas, utilizando cargas fatoriais acima de 0,40 e 0,50. O modelo teórico e psicométrico mais adequado compreendeu 31 itens e três fatores, com cargas fatoriais mínimas de 0,50. Os índices de ajuste (CFI, GFI, RMSEA) unidimensionalidade (ÚNICO e MIREAL) e confiabilidade (Orion e Cronbach) complementaram as adequadas propriedades psicométricas desta versão.
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Schwenke D, Dshemuchadse M, Rasehorn L, Klarhölter D, Scherbaum S. Improv to Improve: The Impact of Improvisational Theater on Creativity, Acceptance, and Psychological Well-Being. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2020.1754987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Dshemuchadse
- Fakultät Sozialwissenschaften, Hochschule Zittau-Görlitz, Gorlitz, Germany
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Yao N, Qian M, Jiang Y, Elhai JD. The Influence of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Chinese-speaking Samples: Structure and Validity of The Chinese Translation of The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:406-415. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1739058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyi Qian
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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Peng W, Huang X, Liu Y, Cui F. Predictability modulates the anticipation and perception of pain in both self and others. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 14:747-757. [PMID: 31236566 PMCID: PMC6778834 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictability has been suggested to modulate both the anticipation and perception of self-pain. Considering the overlapping neural circuits between self-pain and other-pain perceptions, the present study investigated how the predictability of forthcoming pain modulates the anticipation and perception of self-pain and other-pain. We used a balanced, within-participant experimental design in which a visual cue indicating the recipient, intensity and predictability of an upcoming painful electrical stimulation was presented before its delivery. Subjective ratings and electroencephalography activities to the anticipation and perception of self-pain and other-pain were recorded and compared between certain and uncertain conditions. Results showed that predictability affected the perception of self-pain and other-pain in a similar manner such that the differences in behavioral ratings and event-related potentials to high-intensity and low-intensity pain were significantly reduced when the intensity was uncertain. The strengths of predictability-induced modulation of self-pain and other-pain perceptions were positively correlated with each other. Furthermore, predictability also modulated the anticipation of both self-pain and other-pain such that pre-stimulus high-frequency α-oscillation power at sensorimotor electrodes contralateral to the stimulation side was maximally suppressed when anticipating certain high-intensity pain. These findings demonstrate that predictability-induced modulation on pain anticipation and perception was similarly applied to both self-pain and other-pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Huang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fang Cui
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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The impact of methodological and measurement factors on transdiagnostic associations with intolerance of uncertainty: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 73:101778. [PMID: 31678816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Intolerance of uncertainty is a dispositional trait associated with a range of psychological disorders, but the influence of methodological factors on theses associations remains unknown. The first aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the strengths of the association between IU and symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and eating disorders. The second aim was to assess the influence of methodological factors on these relationships, including clinical (vs. non-clinical) status, age group, sex, IU measure, and symptom measure. We extracted 181 studies (N participants = 52,402) reporting 335 independent effect sizes (Pearson's r). Overall, there was a moderate association between IU and symptoms (r = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.50-0.52), although heterogeneity was high (I2 = 83.50, p < .001). Some small but significant moderator effects emerged between and within disorders. Effect sizes were not impacted by sample size. The results indicate that IU has robust, moderate associations with a range of disorder symptoms, providing definitive evidence for the transdiagnostic nature of IU.
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Chen S, Yao N, Qian M. The influence of uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty on anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 61:60-65. [PMID: 29909250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although the influence of uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) on anxiety pathologies has been well-established, only a few studies examined the interaction between uncertainty and IU in producing anxiety. Meanwhile, there is a lack of research utilizing experimental methods to manipulate the situational uncertainty. Therefore, the current study aimed to more systematically investigate whether and how trait IU interacted with uncertainty in the production of anxiety. METHODS the current study examined the influence of threat-related uncertainty and IU on anxiety in a lab setting. A variant of the threat-of-shock paradigm was employed to manipulate the uncertainty level. State anxiety and worry were measured immediately before and after this manipulation. Hierarchical linear modeling was used for data analysis. RESULTS Results showed that trait IU contributed to elevated state anxiety and worry. Meanwhile, when under imminent threat, uncertainty provoked increased worry but exerted limited influence on state anxiety. The interaction effect of uncertainty and IU on anxiety was not evident in this study. LIMITATIONS Results were based on a non-clinical sample rather than individuals with clinical diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Uncertainty could be regarded as a trigger of worrying thoughts, while IU is an important cognitive vulnerability factor of anxiety and related symptoms. The possible reasons for these findings and their implications were discussed in light of theoretical models of anxiety, worry, and IU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Nisha Yao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingyi Qian
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Rosser BA. Intolerance of Uncertainty as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism of Psychological Difficulties: A Systematic Review of Evidence Pertaining to Causality and Temporal Precedence. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-018-9964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Pain anxiety differentially mediates the association of pain intensity with function depending on level of intolerance of uncertainty. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 97:30-37. [PMID: 29175295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty about symptom duration, cause, prognosis and treatment is common in patients who seek medical care, yet individual ability to manage this uncertainty varies. Intolerance of uncertainty is considered an important factor in the etiology and persistence of negative emotions- in particular, depression and anxiety. We explored the contribution of intolerance of uncertainty to anxiety due to pain and physical function in patients seeking care at an orthopedic medical practice. Participants (N = 105, mean age of 51 ± 17, 63% male) were administered PROMIS Physical Function v1.2 Upper Extremity CAT, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-short form (PASS-20), and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-short version (IUS-12). Results showed that the mediating role of pain anxiety is contingent upon the level of intolerance of uncertainty. Specifically, a minimum level of intolerance of uncertainty is required for the development of pain anxiety and its effect on function, and as intolerance of uncertainty rises from low to medium to high levels, the effect of pain on function goes from being independent of the anxiety to being more and more carried by and through anxiety about pain. These findings support the contention that intolerance of uncertainty plays a crucial role in the relationship between pain, pain anxiety, and physical function. Intolerance of uncertainty appears to be a trans-diagnostic target for coping skills training.
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MacNamara A. In the mind's eye: The late positive potential to negative and neutral mental imagery and intolerance of uncertainty. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13024. [PMID: 29072319 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are many advantages to human beings' ability to generate and sustain mental imagery in the absence of exteroceptive stimuli; however, this ability may also underlie emotional disorders characterized by worry, rumination, or excessive concern about the future. For instance, fear-based disorders may be characterized by heightened ERPs to negative imagery. On the other hand, distress disorders may be characterized by attempts to avoid engaging with negative mental imagery, and therefore reduced electrocortical response. Prior ERP work has used negative and neutral pictorial stimuli to establish the parameters of response in healthy individuals, before taking these paradigms to clinical samples to assess aberrant emotion processing. Yet despite its clinical relevance, no study to date has elicited a late positive potential (LPP), a robust measure of emotion processing, to standardized negative imagined scenes. Here, participants listened to audio descriptions of negative and neutral scenes, and were asked to imagine these scenes as vividly as possible. Results showed that negative imagined scenes elicited an increased LPP, lasting approximately 10 s after audio description offset, as well as heightened ratings of arousal and unpleasantness. Moreover, participants with greater self-reported cognitive concerns about uncertain future events (higher prospective intolerance of uncertainty) showed reduced emotional modulation of the LPP. These data provide the first evidence of sustained electrocortical processing of standardized negative imagery elicited in the absence of salient visual cues, and suggest that cognitive risk for anxiety in an unselected sample may be represented phenotypically by blunted LPPs to negative imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty in chiropractic students and their treatment intervention choices. Chiropr Man Therap 2017; 25:20. [PMID: 28815014 PMCID: PMC5518163 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-017-0150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological factors, such as intolerance of uncertainty (IU), have been shown to impact on the quality of medical care. However, this psychological measure has not been studied in the chiropractic profession. Our objective was to investigate if higher levels of IU in chiropractic students were related to poor choices of management in specific clinical scenarios. Also, we sought to investigate if levels of IU were related to students’ intentions to adopt a prescriptive chiropractic technique system and evaluate their levels of self-belief. Method Between October and November of 2016, students from two Australian chiropractic programs (N = 444) answered a questionnaire on measures of IU levels, patient case scenarios for neck and low back pain, and questions about self-ratings of their future chiropractic abilities and perceived need for the adoption of a chiropractic technique system. Associations were tested by the IU score and the therapeutic choices relating to a) a neck pain case scenario, b) a low back pain scenario, c) various technique systems, and d) the self-rated competence level treating the IU score both as a continuous and a categorical variable. Results There was an overall response rate of 53%. Those students who were high in levels of IU were significantly more likely to make incorrect clinical decisions than those with normal or low levels of IU for the neck pain case scenario. No differences were found on the low back pain scenario, on preferences to use a technique system in the future, or on predicted self-rating of competence after graduation. Conclusions Psychological factors, such as IU, may have an impact on chiropractic students’ clinical decisions. However, it does not impact on all aspects of practice. This finding has implications for chiropractic educators, especially when dealing with neck pain. However, it may be relevant to continue the search for specific personality profiles in relation to various favourable and unfavourable practice patterns, as it is unknown whether these dynamics are important for other aspects of chiropractic education. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12998-017-0150-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kesby A, Maguire S, Brownlow R, Grisham JR. Intolerance of Uncertainty in eating disorders: An update on the field. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 56:94-105. [PMID: 28710918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathological fear and anxiety regarding food, eating, weight and body shape are at the core of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. To manage anxiety, patients develop complicated repertoires of ritualistic and repetitive behaviours, which can lead to total functional impairment. Yet the cognitive processes underlying anxiety, fear, and anxiety-driven behaviours in EDs remain poorly understood. Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) is defined as a tendency to react negatively on an emotional, cognitive, and behavioural level to uncertain situations and events. There is substantial evidence that IU is a transdiagnostic process that contributes to the maintenance of anxiety disorders; however, IU may also be relevant to the understanding and treatment of EDs. The current review summarises the growing literature examining IU in relation to ED symptoms, including restriction, bingeing, purging, ritualised behaviours, reassurance-seeking and body checking. Extending from the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorder literature, we propose that IU provides a novel theoretical and clinical framework from which to understand the anxiety, fixation with rules and rituals, and the cognitively rigid profile that is characteristic of ED presentations. We conclude with suggestions for future research, and discuss IU as a potential treatment target for core features of EDs and comorbid symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kesby
- School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Boden Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel Brownlow
- Boden Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Katz D, Rector NA, Laposa JM. The interaction of distress tolerance and intolerance of uncertainty in the prediction of symptom reduction across CBT for social anxiety disorder. Cogn Behav Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2017.1334087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Katz
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil A. Rector
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith M. Laposa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Panic disorder is a common mental disease with high psychiatric comorbidity. It is considered that a combination of genetic predisposition and a special psychic vulnerability plays a key role in the occurrence of panic disorder. Clinically proven efficacy in the treatment of panic disorder have benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; antidepressants from other pharmaceutical groups are also used. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the first line medicines in the treatment of panic disorder. Atypical antipsychotics may be used for the therapy augmentation in addition to first line drugs. Psychotherapy is used along with medications, and a combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy is the best method of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu P Sivolap
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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