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Yang H, Luo J, Liu X, Luo Y, Lai X, Zou F. Unveiling cell subpopulations in T1D mouse islets using single-cell RNA sequencing. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E723-E734. [PMID: 38506753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00323.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of beta cells by immune cells. The interactions among cells within the islets may be closely linked to the pathogenesis of T1D. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to analyze the cellular heterogeneity within the islets of a T1D mouse model. We established a T1D mouse model induced by streptozotocin and identified cell subpopulations using scRNA-Seq technology. Our results revealed 11 major cell types in the pancreatic islets of T1D mice, with heterogeneity observed in the alpha and beta cell subgroups, which may play a crucial role in the progression of T1D. Flow cytometry further confirmed a mature alpha and beta cell reduction in T1D mice. Overall, our scRNA-Seq analysis provided insights into the cellular heterogeneity of T1D islet tissue and highlighted the potential importance of alpha and beta cells in developing T1D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we created a comprehensive single-cell atlas of pancreatic islets in a T1D mouse model using scRNA-Seq and identified 11 major cell types in the islets, highlighting the role of alpha and beta cells in T1D. This study revealed a significant reduction in the maturity alpha and beta cells in T1D mice through flow cytometry. It also demonstrated the heterogeneity of alpha and beta cells, potentially crucial for T1D progression. Overall, our scRNA-Seq analysis provided new insights for understanding and treating T1D by studying cell subtype changes and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital, Jiujiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Lin Y, Zhang Y, Cai X, He H, Yang C, Ban J, Guo B. Design and Self-Assembly of Peptide-Copolymer Conjugates into Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing in Diabetes. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2487-2506. [PMID: 38486937 PMCID: PMC10938256 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed wound healing in skin injuries has become a significant problem in clinics, seriously affecting and even threatening life and health. Recently, research interest has increased in developing wound dressings containing bioactive compounds capable of improving outcomes for complex healing needs. Methods In this study, Puerarin-loaded nanoparticles (Pue-NPs) were prepared using the cell-penetrating peptide-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (CPP-PLGA) as a drug carrier by the emulsified solvent evaporation method. Then, they were added into poly (acrylic acid) to obtain a self-assembled nanocomposite hydrogels (SANHs) drug delivery system using the co-polymerization method. The particle size, zeta potential, and micromorphology of Pue-NPs were measured; the appearance, mechanical properties, adhesive strength, and biological activity of SANHs were performed. Finally, the potential of SANHs for wound healing was further evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Results Pue-NPs were regularly spherical, with an average particle size of 134.57 ± 1.42 nm and a zeta potential of 2.14 ± 0.78 mV. SANHs was colorless and transparent with a honeycomb-like porous structure and had an excellent swelling ratio (917%), water vapor transmission rate (3077 g·m-2·day-1), mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 18 kPa, elongation at break of 307%), and adhesive strength (15.5 kPa). SANHs exhibited sustained release of Pue over 48h, with a cumulative release of 55.60 ± 6.01%. In vitro tests revealed that the SANHs presented a 92.22% antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli after 4h, and a 61.91% scavenging rate of 1.1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) radical. In vivo experiments showed that SANHs accelerated wound repair by reducing the inflammatory response at the wound site, promoting angiogenesis, and facilitating epidermal regeneration and collagen deposition. Conclusion In conclusion, we successfully prepared SANHs. Our results show that SANHs have excellent performance and improves wound healing in diabetic mice model, indicating that it can be used to develop an effective strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The Innovation Team for Integrating Pharmacy with Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingneng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The Innovation Team for Integrating Pharmacy with Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Cai
- Guangdong Institute for Drug Control, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huashen He
- The Innovation Team for Integrating Pharmacy with Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuangzan Yang
- The Innovation Team for Integrating Pharmacy with Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Ban
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- The Innovation Team for Integrating Pharmacy with Entrepreneurship, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bohong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Ma Y, Lin Q, Yang W, Liu Y, Xing Y, Ren Z, Wang X, Zhou R, Wu G, Li P, Duan W, Zhang X, Wei X. High-Speed Centrifugation Efficiently Removes Immunogenic Elements in Osteochondral Allografts. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:675-686. [PMID: 38238250 PMCID: PMC10925494 DOI: 10.1111/os.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current clinical pulse lavage technique for flushing fresh osteochondral allografts (OCAs) to remove immunogenic elements from the subchondral bone is ineffective. This study aimed to identify the optimal method for removing immunogenic elements from OCAs. METHODS We examined five methods for the physical removal of immunogenic elements from OCAs from the femoral condyle of porcine knees. We distributed the OCAs randomly into the following seven groups: (1) control, (2) saline, (3) ultrasound, (4) vortex vibration (VV), (5) low-pulse lavage (LPL), (6) high-pulse lavage (HPL), and (7) high-speed centrifugation (HSC). OCAs were evaluated using weight measurement, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), macroscopic and histological evaluation, DNA quantification, and chondrocyte activity testing. Additionally, the subchondral bone was zoned to assess the bone marrow and nucleated cell contents. One-way ANOVA and paired two-tailed Student's t-test are used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Histological evaluation and DNA quantification showed no significant reduction in marrow elements compared to the control group after the OCAs were treated with saline, ultrasound, or VV treatments; however, there was a significant reduction in marrow elements after LPL, HPL, and HSC treatments. Furthermore, HSC more effectively reduced the marrow elements of OCAs in the middle and deep zones compared with LPL (p < 0.0001) and HPL (p < 0.0001). Macroscopic evaluation revealed a significant reduction in blood, lipid, and marrow elements in the subchondral bone after HSC. Micro-CT, histological analyses, and chondrocyte viability results showed that HSC did not damage the subchondral bone and cartilage; however, LPL and HPL may damage the subchondral bone. CONCLUSION HSC may play an important role in decreasing immunogenicity and therefore potentially increasing the success of OCA transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ma
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Qitai Lin
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Wenming Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Yugang Xing
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Raorao Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Gaige Wu
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Wangping Duan
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryXin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of OrthopaedicsSecond Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury RepairTaiyuanChina
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Wang YH, Chen X, Bai YZ, Gao P, Yang Z, Guo Q, Lu YY, Zheng J, Liu D, Yang J, Tu PF, Zeng KW. Palmitoylation of PKCδ by ZDHHC5 in hypothalamic microglia presents as a therapeutic target for fatty liver disease. Theranostics 2024; 14:988-1009. [PMID: 38250049 PMCID: PMC10797291 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a fundamental role in controlling lipid metabolism through neuroendocrine signals. However, there are currently no available drug targets in the hypothalamus that can effectively improve human lipid metabolism. In this study, we found that the antimalarial drug artemether (ART) significantly improved lipid metabolism by specifically inhibiting microglial activation in the hypothalamus of high-fat diet-induced mice. Mechanically, ART protects the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons surrounding microglial cells from inflammatory damage and promotes the release of TRH into the peripheral circulation. As a result, TRH stimulates the synthesis of thyroid hormone (TH), leading to a significant improvement in hepatic lipid disorders. Subsequently, we employed a biotin-labeled ART chemical probe to identify the direct cellular target in microglial cells as protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ). Importantly, ART directly targeted PKCδ to inhibit its palmitoylation modification by blocking the binding of zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 5 (ZDHHC5), which resulted in the inhibition of downstream neuroinflammation signaling. In vivo, hypothalamic microglia-specific PKCδ knockdown markedly impaired ART-dependent neuroendocrine regulation and lipid metabolism improvement in mice. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptomics analysis in human brain tissues revealed that the level of PKCδ in microglia positively correlated with individuals who had hyperlipemia, thereby highlighting a clinical translational value. Collectively, these data suggest that the palmitoylation of microglial PKCδ in the hypothalamus plays a role in modulating peripheral lipid metabolism through hypothalamus-liver communication, and provides a promising therapeutic target for fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Proteomics Laboratory, Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Peng X, Rao G, Li X, Tong N, Tian Y, Fu X. Preclinical models for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - A practical approach for research. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1644-1661. [PMID: 37859703 PMCID: PMC10583179 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.86566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous preclinical models have been developed to advance biomedical research in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). They are essential for improving our knowledge of T1DM development and progression, allowing researchers to identify potential therapeutic targets and evaluate the effectiveness of new medications. A deeper comprehension of these models themselves is critical not only to determine the optimal strategies for their utilization but also to fully unlock their potential applications in both basic and translational research. Here, we will comprehensively summarize and discuss the applications, advantages, and limitations of the commonly used animal models for human T1DM and also overview the up-to-date human tissue bioengineering models for the investigation of T1DM. By combining these models with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of T1DM, we can enhance our insights into disease initiation and development, ultimately leading to improved therapeutic responses and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes Metabolism Research, Cancer Center West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yang X, Hou X, Zhang J, Liu Z, Wang G. Research progress on the application of single-cell sequencing in autoimmune diseases. Genes Immun 2023; 24:220-235. [PMID: 37550409 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are caused by immune tolerance deficiency or abnormal immune regulation, leading to damage to host organs. The complicated pathogenesis and varied clinical symptoms of AIDs pose great challenges in diagnosing and monitoring this disease. Regrettably, the etiological factors and pathogenesis of AIDs are still not completely understood. It is noteworthy that the development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provides a new tool for analyzing the transcriptome of AIDs. In this essay, we have summarized the development of scRNA-seq technology, and made a relatively systematic review of the current research progress of scRNA-seq technology in the field of AIDs, providing a reference to preferably understand the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Yang
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xianliang Hou
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China.
| | - Junning Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
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