1
|
Li Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Su X, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. The double roles of T cell-mediated immune response in the progression of MASLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116333. [PMID: 38479177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has become a major cause of chronic liver disease and a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a huge burden on global public health and economy. MASLD includes steatotic liver disease, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and the latter two cause great harm to human health and life, even complicated with liver cancer. Immunologic mechanism plays a major role in promoting its development into hepatitis and cirrhosis. Now more and more evidences show that T cells play an important role in the progression of MASLD. In this review, we discuss the double roles of T cells in MASLD from the perspective of T cell response pathways, as well as new evidences regarding the possible application of immunomodulatory therapy in MASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zigan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kahan R, Cray PL, Abraham N, Gao Q, Hartwig MG, Pollara JJ, Barbas AS. Sterile inflammation in liver transplantation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1223224. [PMID: 37636574 PMCID: PMC10449546 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1223224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile inflammation is the immune response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released during cell death in the absence of foreign pathogens. In the setting of solid organ transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury results in mitochondria-mediated production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are a major cause of uncontrolled cell death and release of various DAMPs from the graft tissue. When properly regulated, the immune response initiated by DAMP-sensing serves as means of damage control and is necessary for initiation of recovery pathways and re-establishment of homeostasis. In contrast, a dysregulated or overt sterile inflammatory response can inadvertently lead to further injury through recruitment of immune cells, innate immune cell activation, and sensitization of the adaptive immune system. In liver transplantation, sterile inflammation may manifest as early graft dysfunction, acute graft failure, or increased risk of immunosuppression-resistant rejection. Understanding the mechanisms of the development of sterile inflammation in the setting of liver transplantation is crucial for finding reliable biomarkers that predict graft function, and for development of therapeutic approaches to improve long-term transplant outcomes. Here, we discuss the recent advances that have been made to elucidate the early signs of sterile inflammation and extent of damage from it. We also discuss new therapeutics that may be effective in quelling the detrimental effects of sterile inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew S. Barbas
- Duke Ex-Vivo Organ Lab (DEVOL)—Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, He Y, Wu X, Xu X, Gong J, Chen Y, Gong J. Rubicon promotes the M2 polarization of Kupffer cells via LC3-associated phagocytosis-mediated clearance to improve liver transplantation. Cell Immunol 2022; 378:104556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Damo M, Wilson DS, Watkins EA, Hubbell JA. Soluble N-Acetylgalactosamine-Modified Antigens Enhance Hepatocyte-Dependent Antigen Cross-Presentation and Result in Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cell Tolerance Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:555095. [PMID: 33746941 PMCID: PMC7965950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.555095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes compose up to 80% of the total liver and have been indicated as important players in the induction of immunologic tolerance in this organ. We show that hepatocytes possess the molecular machinery required for the cross-presentation of extracellular antigens. Using a derivative of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) covalently modified with a polymer containing multiple N-acetylgalactosamine residues (pGal-OVA) that enhance extracellular antigen uptake by mimicking the glycome of apoptotic debris, we show efficient hepatocyte-dependent induction of cross-tolerance of both adoptively transferred OT-I cells and endogenous OVA-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes, for example inducing tolerance to OVA-expressing skin transplants. Our study confirms that hepatocytes are capable of inducing peripheral tolerogenesis and provides proof of concept that they may be a valuable candidate for in vivo targeted tolerogenic treatments.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/immunology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/metabolism
- Acetylgalactosamine/immunology
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Priming/immunology
- Hepatocytes/cytology
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Skin Transplantation/methods
- Solubility
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/immunology
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Damo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Scott Wilson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elyse A. Watkins
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thomson AW, Vionnet J, Sanchez-Fueyo A. Understanding, predicting and achieving liver transplant tolerance: from bench to bedside. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:719-739. [PMID: 32759983 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past 40 years, liver transplantation has evolved from a high-risk procedure to one that offers high success rates for reversal of liver dysfunction and excellent patient and graft survival. The liver is the most tolerogenic of transplanted organs; indeed, immunosuppressive therapy can be completely withdrawn without rejection of the graft in carefully selected, stable long-term liver recipients. However, in other recipients, chronic allograft injury, late graft failure and the adverse effects of anti-rejection therapy remain important obstacles to improved success. The liver has a unique composition of parenchymal and immune cells that regulate innate and adaptive immunity and that can promote antigen-specific tolerance. Although the mechanisms underlying liver transplant tolerance are not well understood, important insights have been gained into how the local microenvironment, hepatic immune cells and specific molecular pathways can promote donor-specific tolerance. These insights provide a basis for the identification of potential clinical biomarkers that might correlate with tolerance or rejection and for the development of novel therapeutic targets. Innovative approaches aimed at promoting immunosuppressive drug minimization or withdrawal include the adoptive transfer of donor-derived or recipient-derived regulatory immune cells to promote liver transplant tolerance. In this Review, we summarize and discuss these developments and their implications for liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus W Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Julien Vionnet
- Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,Transplantation Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
- Institute of Liver Studies, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, School of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, King's College London University, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the ideal treatment approach for a variety of end-stage liver diseases. However, life-long, systemic immunosuppressive treatment after transplantation is required to prevent rejection and graft loss, which is associated with severe side effects, although liver allograft is considered more tolerogenic. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying the unique immunologically privileged liver organ is valuable for transplantation management and autoimmune disease treatment. The unique hepatic acinus anatomy and a complex cellular network constitute the immunosuppressive hepatic microenvironment, which are responsible for the tolerogenic properties of the liver. The hepatic microenvironment contains a variety of hepatic-resident immobile non-professional antigen-presenting cells, including hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells, that are insufficient to optimally prime T cells locally and lead to the removal of alloreactive T cells due to the low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory molecules and proinflammatory cytokines but a rather high expression of coinhibitory molecules and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Hepatic dendritic cells (DCs) are generally immature and less immunogenic than splenic DCs and are also ineffective in priming naïve allogeneic T cells via the direct recognition pathway in recipient secondary lymphoid organs. Although natural killer cells and natural killer T cells are reportedly associated with liver tolerance, their roles in liver transplantation are multifaceted and need to be further clarified. Under these circumstances, T cells are prone to clonal deletion, clonal anergy and exhaustion, eventually leading to tolerance. Other proposed liver tolerance mechanisms, such as soluble donor MHC class I molecules, passenger leukocytes theory and a high-load antigen effect, have also been addressed. We herein comprehensively review the current evidence implicating the tolerogenic properties of diverse liver cells in liver transplantation tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Jiang
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Que
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yee C, Main NM, Terry A, Stevanovski I, Maczurek A, Morgan AJ, Calabro S, Potter AJ, Iemma TL, Bowen DG, Ahlenstiel G, Warner FJ, McCaughan GW, McLennan SV, Shackel NA. CD147 mediates intrahepatic leukocyte aggregation and determines the extent of liver injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215557. [PMID: 31291257 PMCID: PMC6619953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is the driver of liver injury and results in progressive fibrosis and eventual cirrhosis with consequences including both liver failure and liver cancer. We have previously described increased expression of the highly multifunctional glycoprotein CD147 in liver injury. This work describes a novel role of CD147 in liver inflammation and the importance of leukocyte aggregates in determining the extent of liver injury. Methods Non-diseased, progressive injury, and cirrhotic liver from humans and mice were examined using a mAb targeting CD147. Inflammatory cell subsets were assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. Results In liver injury, we observe abundant, intrahepatic leukocyte clusters defined as ≥5 adjacent CD45+ cells which we have termed “leukocyte aggregates”. We have shown that these leukocyte aggregates have a significant effect in determining the extent of liver injury. If CD147 is blocked in vivo, these leukocyte aggregates diminish in size and number, together with a marked significant reduction in liver injury including fibrosis. This is accompanied by no change in overall intrahepatic leukocyte numbers. Further, blocking of aggregation formation occurs prior to an appreciable increase in inflammatory markers or fibrosis. Additionally, there were no observed, “off-target” or unpredicted effects in targeting CD147. Conclusion CD147 mediates leukocyte aggregation which is associated with the development of liver injury. This is not a secondary effect, but a cause of injury as aggregate formation proceeds other markers of injury. Leukocyte aggregation has been previously described in inflammation dating back over many decades. Here we demonstrate that leukocyte aggregates determine the extent of liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yee
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan M. Main
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra Terry
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Igor Stevanovski
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette Maczurek
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison J. Morgan
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Calabro
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison J. Potter
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tina L. Iemma
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G. Bowen
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Western Sydney School of Medicine, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona J. Warner
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W. McCaughan
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan V. McLennan
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Bosch Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Shackel
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Gastroenterology and Liver Laboratory, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paul-Heng M, Leong M, Cunningham E, Bunker DLJ, Bremner K, Wang Z, Wang C, Tay SS, McGuffog C, Logan GJ, Alexander IE, Hu M, Alexander SI, Sparwasser TD, Bertolino P, Bowen DG, Bishop GA, Sharland A. Direct recognition of hepatocyte-expressed MHC class I alloantigens is required for tolerance induction. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97500. [PMID: 30089715 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated (AAV-mediated) expression of allogeneic major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) in recipient liver induces donor-specific tolerance in mouse skin transplant models in which a class I allele (H-2Kb or H-2Kd) is mismatched between donor and recipient. Tolerance can be induced in mice primed by prior rejection of a donor-strain skin graft, as well as in naive recipients. Allogeneic MHC class I may be recognized by recipient T cells as an intact molecule (direct recognition) or may be processed and presented as an allogeneic peptide in the context of self-MHC (indirect recognition). The relative contributions of direct and indirect allorecognition to tolerance induction in this setting are unknown. Using hepatocyte-specific AAV vectors encoding WT allogeneic MHC class I molecules, or class I molecules containing a point mutation (D227K) that impedes direct recognition of intact allogeneic MHC class I by CD8+ T cells without hampering the presentation of processed peptides derived from allogeneic MHC class I, we show here that tolerance induction depends upon recognition of intact MHC class I. Indirect recognition alone yielded a modest prolongation of subsequent skin graft survival, attributable to the generation of CD4+ Tregs, but it was not sufficient to induce tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Paul-Heng
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mario Leong
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eithne Cunningham
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel L J Bunker
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Bremner
- Liver Immunology Group and AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zane Wang
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chuanmin Wang
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Szun Szun Tay
- Liver Immunology Group and AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire McGuffog
- Liver Immunology Group and AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Grant J Logan
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Westmead, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim D Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Group and AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Liver Immunology Group and AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, The University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Alex Bishop
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sharland
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, University of Sydney Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
DeTemple DE, Oldhafer F, Falk CS, Chen‐Wacker C, Figueiredo C, Kleine M, Ramackers W, Timrott K, Lehner F, Klempnauer J, Bock M, Vondran FWR. Hepatocyte-induced CD4 + T cell alloresponse is associated with major histocompatibility complex class II up-regulation on hepatocytes and suppressible by regulatory T cells. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:407-419. [PMID: 29365365 PMCID: PMC5887891 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for various liver diseases. Despite the liver's tolerogenic potential, early immune-mediated loss of transplanted cells is observed, and longterm acceptance has not been achieved yet. Patients deemed tolerant after liver transplantation presented an increased frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which therefore also might enable reduction of posttransplant cell loss and enhance longterm allograft acceptance. We hence characterized hepatocyte-induced immune reactions and evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of Tregs applying mixed lymphocyte cultures and mixed lymphocyte hepatocyte cultures. These were set up using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and primary human hepatocytes, respectively. Polyclonally expanded CD4+ CD25high CD127low Tregs were added to cocultures in single-/trans-well setups with/without supplementation of anti-interferon γ (IFNγ) antibodies. Hepatocyte-induced alloresponses were then analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. Measurements indicated that T cell response upon stimulation was associated with IFNγ-induced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II up-regulation on hepatocytes and mediated by CD4+ T cells. An indirect route of antigen presentation could be ruled out by use of fragmented hepatocytes and culture supernatants of hepatocytes. Allospecific proliferation was accompanied by inflammatory cytokine secretion. CD8+ T cells showed early up-regulation of CD69 despite lack of cell proliferation in the course of coculture. Supplementation of Tregs effectively abrogated hepatocyte-induced alloresponses and was primarily cell contact dependent. In conclusion, human hepatocytes induce a CD4+ T cell alloresponse in vitro, which is associated with MHC class II up-regulation on hepatocytes and is susceptible to suppression by Tregs. Liver Transplantation 24 407-419 2018 AASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne E. DeTemple
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Felix Oldhafer
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre TransplantationHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,German Centre for Infection Researchpartner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
| | - Chen Chen‐Wacker
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | - Moritz Kleine
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Wolf Ramackers
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Kai Timrott
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Frank Lehner
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Juergen Klempnauer
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Michael Bock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,German Centre for Infection Researchpartner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,German Centre for Infection Researchpartner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tedesco D, Grakoui A. Environmental peer pressure: CD4 + T cell help in tolerance and transplantation. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:89-97. [PMID: 28926189 PMCID: PMC5739992 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The liver participates in a multitude of metabolic functions that are critical for sustaining human life. Despite constant encounters with antigenic-rich intestinal blood, oxidative stress, and metabolic intermediates, there is no appreciable immune response. Interestingly, patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation benefit from a high rate of graft acceptance in comparison to other solid organ transplant recipients. In fact, cotransplantation of a donor liver in tandem with a rejection-prone graft increases the likelihood of graft acceptance. A variety of players may account for this phenomenon including the interaction of intrahepatic antigen-presenting cells with CD4+ T cells and the preferential induction of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression on CD4+ T cells following injurious stimuli. Ineffective insult management can cause chronic liver disease, which manifests systemically as the following: antibody-mediated disorders, ineffective antiviral and antibacterial immunity, and gastrointestinal disorders. These sequelae sharing the requirement of CD4+ T cell help to coordinate aberrant immune responses. In this review, we will focus on CD4+ T cell help due to the shared requirements in hepatic tolerance and coordination of extrahepatic immune responses. Overall, intrahepatic deviations from steady state can have deleterious systemic immune outcomes and highlight the liver's remarkable capacity to maintain a balance between tolerance and inflammatory response while simultaneously being inundated with a panoply of antigenic stimuli. Liver Transplantation 24 89-97 2018 AASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Tedesco
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University,Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,Corresponding Author: Arash Grakoui, Division of Infectious diseases, Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, Telephone: (404) 727-9368;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan CC, Lai CW, Wu CJ, Chen LC, Tao MH, Kuo ML. Liver-Specific Allergen Gene Transfer by Adeno-Associated Virus Suppresses Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 27:631-42. [PMID: 27178525 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation driven by T helper 2 (Th2)-type immunity is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic infiltration, and elevated IgE production. Various novel strategies for managing asthma have been explored, such as DNA vaccines, T-cell peptides, and allergen-specific immunotherapy. A principal goal of most immunotherapeutic approaches is active and long-term allergen-specific tolerance. Liver-specific gene transfer using adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been shown to favorably induce tolerogenic responses to therapeutic products in various experimental models. AAV8 has strong liver tropism and induces immune tolerance in mice. The present study aimed to determine whether hepatocyte-specific allergen expression by pseudotyped AAV2/8 alleviates asthmatic symptoms in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. Mice were intravenously injected with AAV2/8 vector carrying membrane-bound OVA transgene under transcriptional control of a hepatocyte-specific alpha 1 antitrypsin promoter (AAV2/8-OVA) and then sensitized with OVA. AAV2/8-OVA specifically transduced the OVA transgene in the liver. Airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and Th2 cytokines were significantly suppressed in both the lungs and secondary lymphoid organs of asthmatic mice infected with AAV2/8-OVA. Significant reduction of OVA-specific antibodies was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from AAV2/8-OVA-treated mice. Moreover, AAV2/8-OVA treatment prominently promoted the expression of Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β in the liver. Enhanced Foxp3 expression was also detected in the lungs of asthmatic mice after AAV2/8-OVA treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that the induction of immune tolerance by hepatic AAV gene transfer may be beneficial for modulating allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chi Chan
- 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wen Lai
- 2 Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan .,3 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Wu
- 2 Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- 4 Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- 2 Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- 1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan .,4 Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan, Taiwan .,5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan .,6 Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akbarpour M, Goudy KS, Cantore A, Russo F, Sanvito F, Naldini L, Annoni A, Roncarolo MG. Insulin B chain 9-23 gene transfer to hepatocytes protects from type 1 diabetes by inducing Ag-specific FoxP3+ Tregs. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:289ra81. [PMID: 26019217 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance in type 1 diabetes (T1D) in human has not been achieved yet. Targeting lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated gene expression to hepatocytes induces active tolerance toward the encoded Ag. The insulin B chain 9-23 (InsB9-23) is an immunodominant T cell epitope in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. To determine whether auto-Ag gene transfer to hepatocytes induces tolerance and control of T1D, NOD mice were treated with integrase-competent LVs (ICLVs) that selectively target the expression of InsB9-23 to hepatocytes. ICLV treatment induced InsB9-23-specific effector T cells but also FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), which halted islet immune cell infiltration, and protected from T1D. Moreover, ICLV treatment combined with a single suboptimal dose of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is effective in T1D reversal. Splenocytes from LV.InsB9-23-treated mice, but not from LV.OVA (ovalbumin)-treated control mice, stopped diabetes development, demonstrating that protection is Ag-specific. Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells led to diabetes progression, indicating that Ag-specific FoxP3(+) Tregs mediate protection. Integrase-defective LVs (IDLVs).InsB9-23, which alleviate the concerns for insertional mutagenesis and support transient transgene expression in hepatocytes, were also efficient in protecting from T1D. These data demonstrate that hepatocyte-targeted auto-Ag gene expression prevents and resolves T1D and that stable integration of the transgene is not required for this protection. Gene transfer to hepatocytes can be used to induce Ag-specific tolerance in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahzad Akbarpour
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Kevin S Goudy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Alessio Cantore
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Fabio Russo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Andrea Annoni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy. Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bertolino P, Bowen DG. Malaria and the liver: immunological hide-and-seek or subversion of immunity from within? Front Microbiol 2015; 6:41. [PMID: 25741320 PMCID: PMC4332352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the pre-erythrocytic asymptomatic phase of malarial infection, sporozoites develop transiently inside less than 100 hepatocytes that subsequently release thousands of merozoites. Killing of these hepatocytes by cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) confers protection to subsequent malarial infection, suggesting that this bottleneck phase in the parasite life cycle can be targeted by vaccination. During natural transmission, although some CTLs are generated in the skin draining lymph nodes, they are unable to eliminate the parasite, suggesting that the liver is important for the sporozoite to escape immune surveillance. The contribution of the organ to this process is unclear. Based on the known ability of several hepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to induce primary activation of CD8 T cells and tolerance, malarial antigens presented by both infected hepatocytes and/or hepatic cross-presenting APCs should result in tolerance. However, our latest model predicts that due to the low frequency of infected hepatocytes, some T cells recognizing sporozoite epitopes with high affinity should differentiate into CTLs. In this review, we discuss two possible models to explain why CTLs generated in the liver and skin draining lymph nodes are unable to eliminate the parasite: (1) sporozoites harness the tolerogenic property of the liver; (2) CTLs are not tolerized but fail to detect infected cells due to sparse infection of hepatocytes and the very short liver stage. We propose that while malaria sporozoites might use the ability of the liver to tolerize both naive and effector cells, they have also developed strategies to decrease the probability of encounter between CTLs and infected liver cells. Thus, we predict that to achieve protection, vaccination strategies should aim to boost intrahepatic activation and/or increase the chance of encounter between sporozoite-specific CTLs and infected hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Group, Centenary Institute and AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Liver Immunology Group, Centenary Institute and AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Strauss O, Dunbar PR, Bartlett A, Phillips A. The immunophenotype of antigen presenting cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system in normal human liver--a systematic review. J Hepatol 2015; 62:458-68. [PMID: 25315649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), comprised of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, is essential in tissue homeostasis and in determining the balance of the immune response through its role in antigen presentation. It has been identified as a therapeutic target in infectious disease, cancer, autoimmune disease and transplant rejection. Here, we review the current understanding of the immunophenotype and function of the MPS in normal human liver. Using well-defined selection criteria, a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases identified 76 appropriate studies. The majority (n=67) described Kupffer cells (KCs), although the definition of KC differs between sources, and little data were available regarding their function. Only 10 papers looked at liver dendritic cells (DCs), and largely confirmed the presence of the major dendritic cell subsets identified in human blood. Monocytes were thoroughly characterized in four studies that utilized flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy and highlighted their prominent role in liver homeostasis and displayed subtle differences from circulating monocytes. There was some limited evidence that liver DCs are tolerogenic but neither liver dendritic cell subsets nor macrophages have been thoroughly characterized, using either multi-colour flow cytometry or multi-parameter fluorescence microscopy. The lobular distribution of different subsets of liver MPS cells was also poorly described, and the ability to distinguish between passenger leukocytes and tissue resident cells remains limited. It was apparent that further research, using modern immunological techniques, is now required to accurately characterize the cells of the MPS in human liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Strauss
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Anthony Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chistiakov DA, Bobryshev YV, Kozarov E, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Intestinal mucosal tolerance and impact of gut microbiota to mucosal tolerance. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:781. [PMID: 25628617 PMCID: PMC4292724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal barriers are very sensitive to pathogenic infection, thereby assuming the capacity of the mucosal immune system to induce protective immunity to harmful antigens and tolerance against harmless substances. This review provides current information about mechanisms of induction of mucosal tolerance and about impact of gut microbiota to mucosal tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University , Moscow, Russia ; The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program, Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center , Miami Beach, FL, USA ; Research Center for Children's Health , Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia ; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney , Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Emil Kozarov
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia ; Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University , New York, NY, USA ; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex , Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reglero-Real N, Alvarez-Varela A, Cernuda-Morollón E, Feito J, Marcos-Ramiro B, Fernández-Martín L, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Muntané J, Sandoval P, Majano PL. Apicobasal polarity controls lymphocyte adhesion to hepatic epithelial cells. Cell Rep. 2014;8:1879-1893. [PMID: 25242329 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of apicobasal polarity is a hallmark of epithelial pathologies. Leukocyte infiltration and crosstalk with dysfunctional epithelial barriers are crucial for the inflammatory response. Here, we show that apicobasal architecture regulates the adhesion between hepatic epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Polarized hepatocytes and epithelium from bile ducts segregate the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) adhesion receptor onto their apical, microvilli-rich membranes, which are less accessible by circulating immune cells. Upon cell depolarization, hepatic ICAM-1 becomes exposed and increases lymphocyte binding. Polarized hepatic cells prevent ICAM-1 exposure to lymphocytes by redirecting basolateral ICAM-1 to apical domains. Loss of ICAM-1 polarity occurs in human inflammatory liver diseases and can be induced by the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). We propose that adhesion receptor polarization is a parenchymal immune checkpoint that allows functional epithelium to hamper leukocyte binding. This contributes to the haptotactic guidance of leukocytes toward neighboring damaged or chronically inflamed epithelial cells that expose their adhesion machinery.
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Carambia
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Herkel
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Riedl P, Reiser M, Stifter K, Krieger J, Schirmbeck R. Differential presentation of endogenous and exogenous hepatitis B surface antigens influences priming of CD8+T cells in an epitope-specific manner. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1981-91. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Riedl
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Michael Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Katja Stifter
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Jana Krieger
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kontos S, Kourtis IC, Dane KY, Hubbell JA. Engineering antigens for in situ erythrocyte binding induces T-cell deletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E60-8. [PMID: 23248266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216353110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigens derived from apoptotic cell debris can drive clonal T-cell deletion or anergy, and antigens chemically coupled ex vivo to apoptotic cell surfaces have been shown correspondingly to induce tolerance on infusion. Reasoning that a large number of erythrocytes become apoptotic (eryptotic) and are cleared each day, we engineered two different antigen constructs to target the antigen to erythrocyte cell surfaces after i.v. injection, one using a conjugate with an erythrocyte-binding peptide and another using a fusion with an antibody fragment, both targeting the erythrocyte-specific cell surface marker glycophorin A. Here, we show that erythrocyte-binding antigen is collected much more efficiently than free antigen by splenic and hepatic immune cell populations and hepatocytes, and that it induces antigen-specific deletional responses in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. We further validated T-cell deletion driven by erythrocyte-binding antigens using a transgenic islet β cell-reactive CD4(+) T-cell adoptive transfer model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes: Treatment with the peptide antigen fused to an erythrocyte-binding antibody fragment completely prevented diabetes onset induced by the activated, autoreactive CD4(+) T cells. Thus, we report a translatable modular biomolecular approach with which to engineer antigens for targeted binding to erythrocyte cell surfaces to induce antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell deletion toward exogenous antigens and autoantigens.
Collapse
|
20
|
Reglero-Real N, Marcos-Ramiro B, Millán J. Endothelial membrane reorganization during leukocyte extravasation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3079-99. [PMID: 22573182 PMCID: PMC11114893 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking from the bloodstream to inflamed tissues across the endothelial barrier is an essential response in innate immunity. Leukocyte adhesion, locomotion, and diapedesis induce signaling in endothelial cells and this is accompanied by a profound reorganization of the endothelial cell surfaces that is only starting to be unveiled. Here we review the current knowledge on the leukocyte-mediated alterations of endothelial membrane dynamics and their role in promoting leukocyte extravasation. The formation of protein- and lipid-mediated cell adhesion nanodomains at the endothelial apical surface, the extension of micrometric apical membrane docking structures, which are derived from microvilli and embrace adhered leukocytes, as well as the vesicle-trafficking pathways that are required for efficient leukocyte diapedesis, are discussed. The coordination between these different endothelial membrane-remodeling events probably provides the road map for transmigrating leukocytes to find exit points in the vessel wall, in a context of severe mechanical and inflammatory stress. A better understanding of how vascular endothelial cells respond to immune cell adhesion should enable new therapeutic strategies to be developed that can abrogate uncontrolled leukocyte extravasation in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Reglero-Real
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Marcos-Ramiro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tan ACL, Eriksson EMY, Kedzierska K, Deliyannis G, Valkenburg SA, Zeng W, Jackson DC. Polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells are associated with the vaccination-induced control of a novel recombinant influenza virus expressing an HCV epitope. Antiviral Res 2012; 94:168-78. [PMID: 22504097 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, CD8(+) T cell responses have been shown to be important in viral clearance. Examining the efficacy of CD8(+) T cell vaccines against HCV has been limited by the lack of an HCV infectious model in mice and the differences between MHC restriction in humans and mice. Using HLA-A2 transgenic HHD mice, we demonstrate that intranasally delivered Pam2Cys-based lipopeptides containing HLA-A2-restricted HCV epitopes can induce polyfunctional CD8(+) T cell responses in several organs including the liver. To examine the activity of these responses in an infectious context, we developed a recombinant influenza virus that expresses the NS5B(2594-2602) epitope from non-structural protein 5B of hepatitis C virus (PR8-HCV(NS5B)). We showed that mice inoculated with a lipopeptide containing the NS5B epitope had reduced viral loads following challenge with the PR8-HCV(NS5B) virus. This reduction was associated with the induction of NS5B(2594-2602)-specific IFN-γ and TNF-α co-producing CD8(+) T cells. The T cell receptor usage in the NS5B(2594-2602) response was found to exhibit a Vβ8.1/8.2 bias that was characterized by a narrow repertoire and a common CDR3β motif. This work has identified CD8(+) T cell functions induced by lipopeptides that are associated with viral control and demonstrate the potential of lipopeptide-based vaccines as candidates for treatment of HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amabel C L Tan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Roohvand F, Kossari N. Advances in hepatitis C virus vaccines, Part one: Advances in basic knowledge for hepatitis C virus vaccine design. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1811-30. [PMID: 22022980 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.630662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Around 3% of the world population is infected with HCV, with 3 - 4 million newly infected subjects added to this reservoir every year. At least 10% of these people will develop liver cirrhosis or cancer over time, while no approved vaccine against HCV infection is available to date. AREAS COVERED This paper includes a detailed and correlated patent (selected by HCAPLUS search database) and literature (searched by PubMed) review on the HCV genome, proteins and key epitopes (including underestimated HCV proteins, alternate reading frame proteins), HCV immunology, immunosuppressive mechanisms and protective correlations of immunity in acute and chronic states of infection (features for prophylactic and therapeutic HCV vaccine design), recent HCV cell culture systems (HCV/JFH1) and animal models. In part two of this review, advances in HCV vaccine formulations and modalities as well as a detailed list of the current trials for HCV vaccine and discussion of the pros and cones of different strategies will be provided. EXPERT OPINION By using the advanced basic knowledge and tools obtained about HCV vaccinology in recent years and the application of novel formulations and modalities, at least partially effective vaccines will become available in the near future to prevent (or treat) the chronic (if not the acute) state of HCV infection. A few of such vaccines are already in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Roohvand
- Pasteur Institute of Iran, Hepatitis & AIDS Department, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bharati S, Rishi P, Koul A. Azadirachta indica exhibits chemopreventive action against hepatic cancer: Studies on associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:586-95. [PMID: 21998015 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of Azadirachta indica against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Further, the associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes were also analyzed. Hepatic cancer model was developed by the intraperitoneal administration of NDEA to mice at weekly intervals, in successive increasing doses, for a period of 8 weeks. Aqueous A. indica leaf extract (AAILE) was administered orally at a dosage of 100 μg/g body weight thrice a week till termination of the study. A relationship between histopathological grading and chemopreventive effect of A. indica had been established at various stages of carcinogenesis. Anticancer activity of A. indica was evaluated in terms of tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and survival rate. A significant reduction in tumor incidence (33%), tumor multiplicity (42%), and increase in survival (34%) was observed upon administration of AAILE to NDEA-abused mice. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic investigations showed severe alterations in organelle organization, cellular arrangement, degree of differentiation, cellular metabolism, and morphology of the hepatocytes. These changes appeared to be distinctly delayed upon AAILE supplementation. The results suggest A. indica may have anticancer potential against NDEA-induced hepatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Bharati
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Abstract
There is now growing evidence that autoimmunity is the common trait connecting multiple clinical phenotypes albeit differences in tissue specificity, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches cannot be overlooked. Over the past years we witnessed a constant growth of the number of publications related to autoimmune diseases in peer-reviewed journals of the immunology area. Original data referred to factors from common injury pathways (i.e. T helper 17 cells, serum autoantibodies, or vitamin D) and specific diseases such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. As an example, the issue of a latitudinal gradient in the prevalence and incidence rates has been proposed for all autoimmune diseases and was recently coined as geoepidemiology to suggest new environmental triggers for tolerance breakdown. The present article is aimed at reviewing the articles that were published over the past year in the major autoimmunity and immunology journals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Autoimmunity and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|