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Jandus C, Jandus P. Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulins on Human Innate Immune Cells: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2024. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38852585 DOI: 10.1159/000539069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been used for almost 40 years in the treatment of autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases. Numerous cells are involved in the innate immune response, including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells. Many studies have investigated the mechanisms by which IVIg down-modulates inflammatory and autoimmune processes of innate immune cells. However, questions remain regarding the precise mechanism of action in autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. The aim of this work was to review the immunomodulatory effect of IVIg on only human innate immune cells. A narrative review approach was chosen to summarize key evidence on the immunomodulatory effects of commercially available and unmodified IVIg on human innate immune cells. SUMMARY Numerous different immunomodulatory effects of IVIg have been reported, with some very different effects depending on the immune cell type and disease. Several limitations of the different studies were identified. Of the 77 studies identified and reviewed, 29 (37.7%) dealt with autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. Otherwise, the immunomodulatory effects of IVIg were studied only in healthy donors using an in vitro experimental approach. Some of the documented effects showed disease-specific effects, such as in Kawasaki disease. Various methodological limitations have also been identified that may reduce the validity of some studies. KEY MESSAGE As further insights have been gained into the various inflammatory cascades activated in immunological diseases, interesting insights have also been gained into the mechanism of action of IVIg. We are still far from discovering all the immunomodulatory mechanisms of IVIg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology (CRTOH), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Jandus
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Segú-Vergés C, Caño S, Calderón-Gómez E, Bartra H, Sardon T, Kaveri S, Terencio J. Systems biology and artificial intelligence analysis highlights the pleiotropic effect of IVIg therapy in autoimmune diseases with a predominant role on B cells and complement system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901872. [PMID: 36248801 PMCID: PMC9563374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used as treatment for several autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, but its specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, we aimed to evaluate, using systems biology and artificial intelligence techniques, the differences in the pathophysiological pathways of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions that show diverse responses to IVIg treatment. We also intended to determine the targets of IVIg involved in the best treatment response of the evaluated diseases. Our selection and classification of diseases was based on a previously published systematic review, and we performed the disease characterization through manual curation of the literature. Furthermore, we undertook the mechanistic evaluation with artificial neural networks and pathway enrichment analyses. A set of 26 diseases was selected, classified, and compared. Our results indicated that diseases clearly benefiting from IVIg treatment were mainly characterized by deregulated processes in B cells and the complement system. Indeed, our results show that proteins related to B-cell and complement system pathways, which are targeted by IVIg, are involved in the clinical response. In addition, targets related to other immune processes may also play an important role in the IVIg response, supporting its wide range of actions through several mechanisms. Although B-cell responses and complement system have a key role in diseases benefiting from IVIg, protein targets involved in such processes are not necessarily the same in those diseases. Therefore, IVIg appeared to have a pleiotropic effect that may involve the collaborative participation of several proteins. This broad spectrum of targets and 'non-specificity' of IVIg could be key to its efficacy in very different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Caño
- Grifols Innovation and New Technologies (GIANT) Ltd., Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Helena Bartra
- Health Department, Anaxomics Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Sardon
- Health Department, Anaxomics Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Srini Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - José Terencio
- Grifols Innovation and New Technologies (GIANT) Ltd., Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Macri C, Morgan H, Villadangos JA, Mintern JD. Regulation of dendritic cell function by Fc-γ-receptors and the neonatal Fc receptor. Mol Immunol 2021; 139:193-201. [PMID: 34560415 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) express receptors to sense pathogens and/or tissue damage and to communicate with other immune cells. Among those receptors, Fc receptors (FcRs) are triggered by the Fc region of antibodies produced during adaptive immunity. In this review, the role of FcγR and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in DC immunity will be discussed. Their expression in DC subsets and impact on antigen uptake and presentation, DC maturation and polarisation of T cell responses will be described. Lastly, we will discuss the importance of FcR-mediated DC function in the context of immunity during viral infection, inflammatory disease, cancer and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Huw Morgan
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Nabih HK. Importance of immunoglobulin therapy for COVID-19 patients with lymphocytopenia. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2021; 45:46. [PMID: 33642851 PMCID: PMC7897881 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-021-00502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). With the increased number of infected and dead victims daily all over the world, it becomes necessary to stop or overcome its rapid spread.Main bodyAlthough the production of vaccine or even specified effective anti-virus may take about six months to a year, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) may be clinically used as a safe treatment to save and improve the quality of life of patients with a variety of immunodeficiency diseases such as lymphocytopenia, which is a common clinical feature in COVID-19. CONCLUSION Through the current review, it was concluded that this passive immunization may promote the immunity to better fight against the virus, so the survival of the patients could be kept longer. The efficacy of immunotherapy with IVIg would be greater if the immune IgG antibodies were collected from convalescent plasma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba K. Nabih
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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5
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Liu X, Cao W, Li T. High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1660. [PMID: 32760407 PMCID: PMC7372093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current outbreak of viral pneumonia, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the focus of worldwide attention. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic event on Mar 12, 2020, and the number of confirmed cases is still on the rise worldwide. While most infected individuals only experience mild symptoms or may even be asymptomatic, some patients rapidly progress to severe acute respiratory failure with substantial mortality, making it imperative to develop an efficient treatment for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia alongside supportive care. So far, the optimal treatment strategy for severe COVID-19 remains unknown. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a blood product pooled from healthy donors with high concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and has been used in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases for more than 30 years. In this review, we aim to highlight the known mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of high-dose IVIg therapy, the immunopathological hypothesis of viral pneumonia, and the clinical evidence of IVIg therapy in viral pneumonia. We then make cautious therapeutic inferences about high-dose IVIg therapy in treating severe COVID-19. These inferences may provide relevant and useful insights in order to aid treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Galeotti C, Kaveri SV, Bayry J. IVIG-mediated effector functions in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Int Immunol 2019; 29:491-498. [PMID: 28666326 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a pooled preparation of normal IgG obtained from several thousand healthy donors. It is widely used in the immunotherapy of a large number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms of action of IVIG are complex and, as discussed in this review, experimental and clinical data provide an indicator that the therapeutic benefit of IVIG therapy is due to several mutually non-exclusive mechanisms affecting soluble mediators as well as cellular components of the immune system. These mechanisms depend on Fc and/or F(ab')2 fragments. A better understanding of the effector functions of IVIG should help in identification of biomarkers of responses to IVIG in autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Galeotti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe -Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, National Referral Centre of Auto-inflammatory Diseases, CHU de Bicêtre, France
| | - Srini V Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe -Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe -Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
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7
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Tolerogenic properties of the Fc portion of IgG and its relevance to the treatment and management of hemophilia. Blood 2018; 131:2205-2214. [PMID: 29588277 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-822908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia, or inherited genetic deficiencies in coagulation factors, results in uncontrolled bleeding requiring replacement therapy with recombinant proteins given preventively or on demand. However, a major problem with these approaches is the potential for development of immune responses to the administered proteins due to the underlying genetic deficiency of the factor(s) throughout life. As such, there is great interest in developing strategies that avoid immunogenicity and induce immune tolerance. Recently, recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) and rFIX fused to the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been developed as therapeutic agents for hemophilia A and B, respectively. Although it is well known that the possession of an Fc domain confers IgG's longer-lasting circulating half-life, it is not generally appreciated that the Fc domain also confers immunoregulatory properties that are associated with the induction of tolerance. Here, we review some of the latest advances in our understanding of the tolerogenic abilities of IgG Fc and the impact of Fc-fusion proteins of rFVIII on the treatment of hemophilia.
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8
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Sordé L, Spindeldreher S, Palmer E, Karle A. Tregitopes and impaired antigen presentation: Drivers of the immunomodulatory effects of IVIg? IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:400-415. [PMID: 28560793 PMCID: PMC5691310 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is commonly used in the clinic to treat various autoimmune and severe inflammatory diseases, the mode of action is not fully elucidated. This work investigates two proposed mechanisms: (1) the potential role of regulatory T‐cell epitopes (Tregitopes) from the constant domain of IgG in the immunosuppressive function of IVIg; and (2) a potential impact of IVIg on the ability of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to present peptides. Methods and Results Investigation of the HLA class II peptide repertoire from IVIg‐loaded dendritic cells (DCs) via MHC‐associated peptide proteomics (MAPPs) revealed that numerous IgG‐derived peptides were strongly presented along the antibody sequence. Surprisingly, Tregitopes 167 and 289 did not show efficient natural presentation although they both bound to HLA class II when directly loaded as “naked” peptides on human DCs. In addition, both Tregitopes could not reproduce the inhibitory effect of IVIg in a human in vitro T‐cell proliferation assay as well as in vivo in mice. MAPPs data demonstrate that presentation of peptides from several antigens remained unchanged even when competed with high doses of IVIg, in both human and mouse. Conclusion These data suggest that the effects mediated by IVIg are not caused by Tregitopes nor by impaired antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Sordé
- Novartis Pharma AG, Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit, Immunogenicity Risk Assessment, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ed Palmer
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anette Karle
- Novartis Pharma AG, Integrated Biologics Profiling Unit, Immunogenicity Risk Assessment, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Carmi Y, Prestwood TR, Spitzer MH, Linde IL, Chabon J, Reticker-Flynn NE, Bhattacharya N, Zhang H, Zhang X, Basto PA, Burt BM, Alonso MN, Engleman EG. Akt and SHP-1 are DC-intrinsic checkpoints for tumor immunity. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e89020. [PMID: 27812544 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BM-derived DC (BMDC) are powerful antigen-presenting cells. When loaded with immune complexes (IC), consisting of tumor antigens bound to antitumor antibody, BMDC induce powerful antitumor immunity in mice. However, attempts to employ this strategy clinically with either tumor-associated DC (TADC) or monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) have been disappointing. To investigate the basis for this phenomenon, we compared the response of BMDC, TADC, and MoDC to tumor IgG-IC. Our findings revealed, in both mice and humans, that upon exposure to IgG-IC, BMDC internalized the IC, increased costimulatory molecule expression, and stimulated autologous T cells. In contrast, TADC and, surprisingly, MoDC remained inert upon contact with IC due to dysfunctional signaling following engagement of Fcγ receptors. Such dysfunction is associated with elevated levels of the Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and phosphatases regulating Akt activation. Indeed, concomitant inhibition of both SHP-1 and phosphatases that regulate Akt activation conferred upon TADC and MoDC the capacity to take up and process IC and induce antitumor immunity in vivo. This work identifies the molecular checkpoints that govern activation of MoDC and TADC and their capacity to elicit T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Carmi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Tyler R Prestwood
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ian L Linde
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Chabon
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Nupur Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pamela A Basto
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bryan M Burt
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael N Alonso
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Edgar G Engleman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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10
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Metabolic reprogramming through fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) regulates macrophage inflammatory potential and adipose inflammation. Mol Metab 2016; 5:506-526. [PMID: 27408776 PMCID: PMC4921943 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A novel approach to regulate obesity-associated adipose inflammation may be through metabolic reprogramming of macrophages (MΦs). Broadly speaking, MΦs dependent on glucose are pro-inflammatory, classically activated MΦs (CAM), which contribute to adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. In contrast, MΦs that primarily metabolize fatty acids are alternatively activated MΦs (AAM) and maintain tissue insulin sensitivity. In actuality, there is much flexibility and overlap in the CAM-AAM spectrum in vivo dependent upon various stimuli in the microenvironment. We hypothesized that specific lipid trafficking proteins, e.g. fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), would direct MΦ fatty acid transport and metabolism to limit inflammation and contribute to the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. Methods Bone marrow derived MΦs (BMDMs) from Fatp1−/− and Fatp1+/+ mice were used to investigate FATP1-dependent substrate metabolism, bioenergetics, metabolomics, and inflammatory responses. We also generated C57BL/6J chimeric mice by bone marrow transplant specifically lacking hematopoetic FATP1 (Fatp1B−/−) and controls Fatp1B+/+. Mice were challenged by high fat diet (HFD) or low fat diet (LFD) and analyses including MRI, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, flow cytometric, histologic, and protein quantification assays were conducted. Finally, an FATP1-overexpressing RAW 264.7 MΦ cell line (FATP1-OE) and empty vector control (FATP1-EV) were developed as a gain of function model to test effects on substrate metabolism, bioenergetics, metabolomics, and inflammatory responses. Results Fatp1 is downregulated with pro-inflammatory stimulation of MΦs. Fatp1−/− BMDMs and FATP1-OE RAW 264.7 MΦs demonstrated that FATP1 reciprocally controled metabolic flexibility, i.e. lipid and glucose metabolism, which was associated with inflammatory response. Supporting our previous work demonstrating the positive relationship between glucose metabolism and inflammation, loss of FATP1 enhanced glucose metabolism and exaggerated the pro-inflammatory CAM phenotype. Fatp1B−/− chimeras fed a HFD gained more epididymal white adipose mass, which was inflamed and oxidatively stressed, compared to HFD-fed Fatp1B+/+ controls. Adipose tissue macrophages displayed a CAM-like phenotype in the absence of Fatp1. Conversely, functional overexpression of FATP1 decreased many aspects of glucose metabolism and diminished CAM-stimulated inflammation in vitro. FATP1 displayed acyl-CoA synthetase activity for long chain fatty acids in MΦs and modulated lipid mediator metabolism in MΦs. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that FATP1 is a novel regulator of MΦ activation through control of substrate metabolism. Absence of FATP1 exacerbated pro-inflammatory activation in vitro and increased local and systemic components of the metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed Fatp1B−/− mice. In contrast, gain of FATP1 activity in MΦs suggested that Fatp1-mediated activation of fatty acids, substrate switch to glucose, oxidative stress, and lipid mediator synthesis are potential mechanisms. We demonstrate for the first time that FATP1 provides a unique mechanism by which the inflammatory tone of adipose and systemic metabolism may be regulated. FATP1-mediated activation of fatty acids is a novel approach to limit inflammation. Fatp1 deficiency primed macrophages for pro-inflammatory activation. Lack of Fatp1 led to greater HFD-induced adipose inflammation. Fatp1−/− adipose tissue macrophages were classically activated.
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11
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Barahona Afonso AF, João CMP. The Production Processes and Biological Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Biomolecules 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 27005671 PMCID: PMC4808809 DOI: 10.3390/biom6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin is a highly diverse autologous molecule able to influence immunity in different physiological and diseased situations. Its effect may be visible both in terms of development and function of B and T lymphocytes. Polyclonal immunoglobulin may be used as therapy in many diseases in different circumstances such as primary and secondary hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, polyneuropathies, cancer, after allogeneic transplantation in the presence of infections and/or GVHD. However, recent studies have broadened the possible uses of polyclonal immunoglobulin showing that it can stimulate certain sub-populations of T cells with effects on T cell proliferation, survival and function in situations of lymphopenia. These results present a novel and considerable impact of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment in situations of severe lymphopenia, a situation that can occur in cancer patients after chemo and radiotherapy treatments. In this review paper the established and experimental role of polyclonal immunoglobulin will be presented and discussed as well as the manufacturing processes involved in their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Barahona Afonso
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Évora, Colégio Luís António Verney, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Maria Pires João
- Hematology Department, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
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12
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Séïté JF, Hillion S, Harbonnier T, Pers JO. Review: intravenous immunoglobulin and B cells: when the product regulates the producer. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:595-603. [PMID: 25303681 DOI: 10.1002/art.38910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Intravenous immunoglobulin exerts reciprocal regulation of Th1/Th17 cells and regulatory T cells in Guillain–Barré syndrome patients. Immunol Res 2014; 60:320-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Steinman L, Shoenfeld Y. From defining antigens to new therapies in multiple sclerosis: honoring the contributions of Ruth Arnon and Michael Sela. J Autoimmun 2014; 54:1-7. [PMID: 25308417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ruth Arnon and Michael Sela profoundly influenced the development of a model system to test new therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS). Their application of the animal model, known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), for the discovery of Copaxone, opened a new path for testing of drug candidates in MS. By measuring clinical, pathologic, and immunologic outcomes, the biological implications of new drugs could be elucidated. Using EAE they established the efficacy of Copaxone as a therapy for preventing and reducing paralysis and inflammation in the central nervous system without massive immune suppression. This had a huge impact on the field of drug discovery for MS. Much like the use of parabiosis to discover soluble factors associated with obesity, or the replica plating system to probe antibiotic resistance in bacteria, the pioneering research on Copaxone using the EAE model, paved the way for the discovery of other therapeutics in MS, including Natalizumab and Fingolimod. Future applications of this approach may well elucidate novel therapies for the neurodegenerative phase of multiple sclerosis associated with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Steinman
- Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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15
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van Gent R, Jaadar H, Tjon ASW, Mancham S, Kwekkeboom J. T-cell inhibitory capacity of hyperimmunoglobulins is influenced by the production process. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:142-4. [PMID: 24462495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) preparations are widely used for anti-inflammatory therapy of autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases. Hyperimmunoglobulins enriched in neutralizing antibodies against viruses can, in addition to their virus-neutralizing activity, also exert immunomodulatory activity. Previously, we observed that Cytotect®, an anti-CMV hyperimmunoglobulin, was less effective in suppressing human T-cell responses in vitro compared to Hepatect® CP, an anti-HBV hyperimmunoglobulin. We hypothesized that the poor immunomodulatory activity of Cytotect® results from treatment with β-propiolactone during the manufacturing process. The manufacturer of these hyperimmunoglobulins has now introduced a new anti-CMV hyperimmunoglobulin, called Cytotect® CP, in which β-propiolactone treatment is omitted. Here we show that Cytotect® CP inhibits PHA-driven T-cell proliferation and cytokine production with similar efficacy as Hepatect® CP, whereas the former Cytotect® does not. In addition, Cytotect® CP inhibits allogeneic T-cell responses better than Cytotect®. Our results advocate the use of hyperimmunoglobulins that have not been exposed to β-propiolactone in order to benefit from their immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier van Gent
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haziz Jaadar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela S W Tjon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Crow AR, Yu H, Han D, Lazarus AH. Amelioration of murine passive immune thrombocytopenia by IVIg and a therapeutic monoclonal CD44 antibody does not require the Myd88 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71882. [PMID: 23940791 PMCID: PMC3733967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by a low platelet count and the production of anti-platelet antibodies. The majority of ITP patients have antibodies to platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIbIIIa) which can direct platelet phagocytosis by macrophages. One effective treatment for patients with ITP is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) which rapidly reverses thrombocytopenia. The exact mechanism of IVIg action in human patients is unclear, although in mouse models of passive ITP, IVIg can rapidly increase platelet counts in the absence of adaptive immunity. Another antibody therapeutic that can similarly increase platelet counts independent of adaptive immunity are CD44 antibodies. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors which play a central role in helping direct the innate immune system. Dendritic cells, which are notable for their expression of TLRs, have been directly implicated in IVIg function as an initiator cell, while CD44 can associate with TLR2 and TLR4. We therefore questioned whether IVIg, or the therapeutic CD44 antibody KM114, mediate their ameliorative effects in a manner dependent upon normal TLR function. Here, we demonstrate that the TLR4 agonist LPS does not inhibit IVIg or KM114 amelioration of antibody-induced thrombocytopenia, and that these therapeutics do not ameliorate LPS-induced thrombocytopenia. IVIg was able to significantly ameliorate murine ITP in C3H/HeJ mice which have defective TLR4. All known murine TLRs except TLR3 utilize the Myd88 adapter protein to drive TLR signaling. Employing Myd88 deficient mice, we found that both IVIg and KM114 ameliorate murine ITP in Myd88 deficient mice to the same extent as normal mice. Thus both IVIg and anti-CD44 antibody can mediate their ameliorative effects in murine passive ITP independent of the Myd88 signaling pathway. These data help shed light on the mechanism of action of IVIg and KM114 in the amelioration of murine ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Crow
- The Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Honghui Yu
- The Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongji Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alan H. Lazarus
- The Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Buttmann M, Kaveri S, Hartung HP. Polyclonal immunoglobulin G for autoimmune demyelinating nervous system disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:445-57. [PMID: 23791035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases with presumed autoimmune pathogenesis are characterised by direct or indirect immune-mediated damage to myelin sheaths, which normally surround nerve fibres to ensure proper electrical nerve conduction. Parenteral administration of polyclonal IgG purified from multi-donor human plasma pools may beneficially modulate these misguided immune reactions via several mechanisms that are outlined in this review. Convincing therapeutic evidence from controlled trials now exists for certain disorders of the peripheral nervous system, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and multifocal motor neuropathy. In addition, there is evidence for potential therapeutic benefits of IgG in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. This review introduces these disorders, briefly summarises the established treatment options, and discusses therapeutic evidence for the use of polyclonal immunoglobulins with a particular emphasis on recent clinical trials and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Buttmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Patil V, Kaveri SV. The mechanisms of action of IVIG in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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