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Ye S, Lee S, Kang S, Jun SH, Kang NG. Improvement of Skin Condition Through RXR Alpha-Activating Materials. Biomolecules 2025; 15:296. [PMID: 40001599 PMCID: PMC11853381 DOI: 10.3390/biom15020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Retinol is well-known anti-aging material in the cosmetics industry, owing to its proven superior efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Despite its high efficacy, retinol is associated with limitations, such as skin irritation and its potential photodegradation. Retinol is converted into retinoid acid within cells, which then exerts a cellular response by activating both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR). Noting that RAR activity is associated with skin irritation and RXR activation alone can enhance skin-related indicators without inducing inflammation, we developed an alternative approach for skin anti-aging focusing solely on RXR activation. We found that combined treatment of andrographolide and Bidens pilosa extract successfully activated RXR alpha and enhanced RXRA gene expression. Moreover, we investigated their efficacy using dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and found that they enhanced the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation efficacies. Finally, in a human clinical trial, we confirmed that our materials successfully improved wrinkles in various areas, skin elasticity and hydration without causing irritating side effects. These findings highlight the potential of our RXR alpha-activating materials as an anti-wrinkle solution that avoids the typical side effects associated with retinol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seung-Hyun Jun
- LG Household and Health Care R&D Center, Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (S.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Nae-Gyu Kang
- LG Household and Health Care R&D Center, Seoul 07795, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (S.L.); (S.K.)
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Shimonosono M, Morimoto M, Hirose W, Tomita Y, Matsuura N, Flashner S, Ebadi MS, Okayasu EH, Lee CY, Britton WR, Martin C, Wuertz BR, Parikh AS, Sachdeva UM, Ondrey FG, Atigadda VR, Elmets CA, Abrams JA, Muir AB, Klein-Szanto AJ, Weinberg KI, Momen-Heravi F, Nakagawa H. Modeling Epithelial Homeostasis and Perturbation in Three-Dimensional Human Esophageal Organoids. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1126. [PMID: 39334892 PMCID: PMC11430971 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal organoids from a variety of pathologies including cancer are grown in Advanced Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium-Nutrient Mixture F12 (hereafter ADF). However, the currently available ADF-based formulations are suboptimal for normal human esophageal organoids, limiting the ability to compare normal esophageal organoids with those representing a given disease state. Methods: We have utilized immortalized normal human esophageal epithelial cell (keratinocyte) lines EPC1 and EPC2 and endoscopic normal esophageal biopsies to generate three-dimensional (3D) organoids. To optimize the ADF-based medium, we evaluated the requirement of exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) and inhibition of transforming growth factor-(TGF)-β receptor-mediated signaling, both key regulators of the proliferation of human esophageal keratinocytes. We have modeled human esophageal epithelial pathology by stimulating esophageal 3D organoids with interleukin (IL)-13, an inflammatory cytokine, or UAB30, a novel pharmacological activator of retinoic acid signaling. Results: The formation of normal human esophageal 3D organoids was limited by excessive EGF and intrinsic TGFβ-receptor-mediated signaling. Optimized HOME0 improved normal human esophageal organoid formation. In the HOME0-grown organoids, IL-13 and UAB30 induced epithelial changes reminiscent of basal cell hyperplasia, a common histopathologic feature in broad esophageal disease conditions including eosinophilic esophagitis. Conclusions: HOME0 allows modeling of the homeostatic differentiation gradient and perturbation of the human esophageal epithelium while permitting a comparison of organoids from mice and other organs grown in ADF-based media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Wataru Hirose
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Yasuto Tomita
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Norihiro Matsuura
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Mesra S. Ebadi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Emilea H. Okayasu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Christian Y. Lee
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - William R. Britton
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Organoid & Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Beverly R. Wuertz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.R.W.); (F.G.O.)
| | - Anuraag S. Parikh
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Frank G. Ondrey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.R.W.); (F.G.O.)
| | - Venkatram R. Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (V.R.A.); (C.A.E.)
| | - Craig A. Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (V.R.A.); (C.A.E.)
| | - Julian A. Abrams
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amanda B. Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | | | - Kenneth I. Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Organoid & Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Hackney JF, Broatch JE, Dallal RA, Brotherson C, Livingston S, Sabir Z, Reshi SM, Faltermeier Petras SR, Mallick S, Applegate MT, Mellor NJ, Buss K, Blain JM, Wagner CE, Jurutka PW, Marshall PA. Rexinoids Induce Differential Gene Expression in Human Glioblastoma Cells and Protein-Protein Interactions in a Yeast Two-Hybrid System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2897-2915. [PMID: 39012782 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rexinoids are compounds that bind to the rexinoid X receptor (RXR) to modulate gene expression and have been proposed as a new class of therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's disease. Different rexinoids will initiate downstream effects that can be quite marked even though such compounds can be structurally similar and have comparable RXR binding affinities. RXR can both homo- and heterodimerize, and these protein-protein interactions and subsequent transactivating potential lead to differential gene expression, depending on the RXR dimeric partner, additional cofactors recruited, and downstream transcription factors that are up- or downregulated. Expression analysis was performed in the U87 human glioblastoma cell line treated with a panel of rexinoids, and our analysis demonstrated that rexinoids with similar RXR EC50 values can have pronounced differences in differential gene expression. Rexinoid binding likely leads to distinctive RXR conformations that cause major downstream gene expression alterations via modulation of RXR interacting proteins. Yeast two-hybrid analysis of RXR bait with two RXR interacting partners demonstrates that rexinoids drive differential binding of RXR to distinctive protein partners. Physiochemical analysis of the rexinoids reveals that the molecules cluster similarly to their gene expression patterns. Thus, rexinoids with similar RXR binding affinities drive differential gene expression by stimulating additional binding patterns in RXR and its homo- and heteropartners, driven by the physicochemical characteristics of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Hackney
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Jennifer E Broatch
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Rita A Dallal
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Christian Brotherson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Zhela Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sabeeha Mushtaq Reshi
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Samantha R Faltermeier Petras
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sanchita Mallick
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Michael T Applegate
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Nicholas J Mellor
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Kristina Buss
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Joy M Blain
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Carl E Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Pamela A Marshall
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
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Shimonosono M, Morimoto M, Hirose W, Tomita Y, Matsuura N, Flashner S, Ebadi MS, Okayasu EH, Lee CY, Britton WR, Martin C, Wuertz BR, Parikh AS, Sachdeva UM, Ondrey FG, Atigadda VR, Elmets CA, Abrams JA, Muir AB, Klein-Szanto AJ, Weinberg KI, Momen-Heravi F, Nakagawa H. Modeling epithelial homeostasis and perturbation in three-dimensional human esophageal organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.595023. [PMID: 38826379 PMCID: PMC11142071 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.595023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Esophageal organoids from a variety of pathologies including cancer are grown in Advanced Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium-Nutrient Mixture F12 (hereafter ADF). However, the currently available ADF-based formulations are suboptimal for normal human esophageal organoids, limiting the ability to compare normal esophageal organoids with those representing a given disease state. Methods We have utilized immortalized normal human esophageal epithelial cell (keratinocyte) lines EPC1 and EPC2 and endoscopic normal esophageal biopsies to generate three-dimensional (3D) organoids. To optimize ADF-based medium, we evaluated the requirement of exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) and inhibition of transforming growth factor-(TGF)-β receptor-mediated signaling, both key regulators of proliferation of human esophageal keratinocytes. We have modeled human esophageal epithelial pathology by stimulating esophageal 3D organoids with interleukin (IL)-13, an inflammatory cytokine, or UAB30, a novel pharmacological activator of retinoic acid signaling. Results The formation of normal human esophageal 3D organoids was limited by excessive EGF and intrinsic TGFβ receptor-mediated signaling. In optimized HOME0, normal human esophageal organoid formation was improved, whereas IL-13 and UAB30 induced epithelial changes reminiscent of basal cell hyperplasia, a common histopathologic feature in broad esophageal disease conditions including eosinophilic esophagitis. Conclusions: HOME0 allows modeling of the homeostatic differentiation gradient and perturbation of the human esophageal epithelium while permitting a comparison of organoids from mice and other organs grown in ADF-based media.
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Goggans KR, Belyaeva OV, Klyuyeva AV, Studdard J, Slay A, Newman RB, VanBuren CA, Everts HB, Kedishvili NY. Epidermal retinol dehydrogenases cyclically regulate stem cell markers and clock genes and influence hair composition. Commun Biol 2024; 7:453. [PMID: 38609439 PMCID: PMC11014975 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a self-renewing adult miniorgan that undergoes drastic metabolic and morphological changes during precisely timed cyclic organogenesis. The HF cycle is known to be regulated by steroid hormones, growth factors and circadian clock genes. Recent data also suggest a role for a vitamin A derivative, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the activating ligand of transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors, in the regulation of the HF cycle. Here we demonstrate that ATRA signaling cycles during HF regeneration and this pattern is disrupted by genetic deletion of epidermal retinol dehydrogenases 2 (RDHE2, SDR16C5) and RDHE2-similar (RDHE2S, SDR16C6) that catalyze the rate-limiting step in ATRA biosynthesis. Deletion of RDHEs results in accelerated anagen to catagen and telogen to anagen transitions, altered HF composition, reduced levels of HF stem cell markers, and dysregulated circadian clock gene expression, suggesting a broad role of RDHEs in coordinating multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jacob Studdard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aja Slay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Regina B Newman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christine A VanBuren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Helen B Everts
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Belyaeva OV, Klyuyeva AV, Vyas A, Berger WK, Halasz L, Yu J, Atigadda VR, Slay A, Goggans KR, Renfrow MB, Kane MA, Nagy L, Kedishvili NY. The retinoid X receptor has a critical role in synthetic rexinoid-induced increase in cellular all-trans-retinoic acid. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301447. [PMID: 38557762 PMCID: PMC10984533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Rexinoids are agonists of nuclear rexinoid X receptors (RXR) that heterodimerize with other nuclear receptors to regulate gene transcription. A number of selective RXR agonists have been developed for clinical use but their application has been hampered by the unwanted side effects associated with the use of rexinoids and a limited understanding of their mechanisms of action across different cell types. Our previous studies showed that treatment of organotypic human epidermis with the low toxicity UAB30 and UAB110 rexinoids resulted in increased steady-state levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the obligatory ligand of the RXR-RAR heterodimers. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the increase in ATRA levels using a dominant negative RXRα that lacks the activation function 2 (AF-2) domain. The results demonstrated that overexpression of dnRXRα in human organotypic epidermis markedly reduced signaling by resident ATRA, suggesting the existence of endogenous RXR ligand, diminished the biological effects of UAB30 and UAB110 on epidermis morphology and gene expression, and nearly abolished the rexinoid-induced increase in ATRA levels. Global transcriptome analysis of dnRXRα-rafts in comparison to empty vector-transduced rafts showed that over 95% of the differentially expressed genes in rexinoid-treated rafts constitute direct or indirect ATRA-regulated genes. Thus, the biological effects of UAB30 and UAB110 are mediated through the AF-2 domain of RXRα with minimal side effects in human epidermis. As ATRA levels are known to be reduced in certain epithelial pathologies, treatment with UAB30 and UAB110 may represent a promising therapy for normalizing the endogenous ATRA concentration and signaling in epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Alla V. Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ansh Vyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Wilhelm K. Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Venkatram R. Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Aja Slay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Kelli R. Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Natalia Y. Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Leal AS, Hung PY, Chowdhury AS, Liby KT. Retinoid X Receptor agonists as selective modulators of the immune system for the treatment of cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108561. [PMID: 37952906 PMCID: PMC10704405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon heterodimerizing with other nuclear receptors, retinoid X receptors (RXR) act as ligand-dependent transcription factors, regulating transcription of critical signaling pathways that impact numerous hallmarks of cancer. By controlling both inflammation and immune responses, ligands that activate RXR can modulate the tumor microenvironment. Several small molecule agonists of these essential receptors have been synthesized. Historically, RXR agonists were tested for inhibition of growth in cancer cells, but more recent drug discovery programs screen new molecules for inhibition of inflammation or activation of immune cells. Bexarotene is the first successful example of an effective therapeutic that molecularly targets RXR; this drug was approved to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma and is still used as a standard of care treatment for this disease. No additional RXR agonists have yet achieved FDA approval, but several promising novel compounds are being developed. In this review, we provide an overview of the multiple mechanisms by which RXR signaling regulates inflammation and tumor immunity. We also discuss the potential of RXR-dependent immune cell modulation for the treatment or prevention of cancer and concomitant challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Leal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Pei-Yu Hung
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Afrin Sultana Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
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