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Paik S, Kim JK, Shin HJ, Park EJ, Kim IS, Jo EK. Updated insights into the molecular networks for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Mol Immunol 2025; 22:563-596. [PMID: 40307577 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-025-01284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in our understanding of how NACHT-, leucine-rich-repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes are activated. These findings provide detailed insights into the transcriptional and posttranslational regulatory processes, the structural-functional relationship of the activation processes, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of NLRP3 activation. Notably, the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the licensing of NLRP3 inflammasome activation constitute a focal point of intense research. Extensive research has revealed the interactions of NLRP3 and its inflammasome components with partner molecules in terms of positive and negative regulation. In this Review, we provide the current understanding of the complex molecular networks that play pivotal roles in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome priming, licensing and assembly. In addition, we highlight the intricate and interconnected mechanisms involved in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the associated regulatory pathways. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome to identify potential therapeutics for NLRP3-associated inflammatory diseases. As research continues to uncover the intricacies of the molecular networks governing NLRP3 activation, novel approaches for therapeutic interventions against NLRP3-related pathologies are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- System Network Inflammation Control Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Hassan ZM, Akram HM. Salivary Biomarkers of Inflammasome Activation in Unstable Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study. Eur J Dent 2025. [PMID: 40267956 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1806931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the complex network of inflammasome-related biomarkers (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 [NLRP3], caspase-1, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-18, and IL-37) in unstable periodontitis by examining the salivary concentrations of these specific biomarkers and correlating them with periodontal parameters.The design of this study was an observational case-control study. A salivary sample was collected from periodontally healthy patients (n = 40) and unstable periodontitis patients (n = 40). Full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters were recorded (plaque index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyzed NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 salivary levels.The normality of the data was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Mean, standard deviation, and percentages were used for data description. An independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test were used to compare the two groups with a p-value of < 0.05. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between variables.In saliva samples, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were the highest in the periodontitis group (p < 0.005), while IL-37 was highest in the healthy group (p < 0.005). There was significant (p < 0.012) negative weak correlation (-0.395) between IL-37 and IL-1β, and significant (p < 0.003) negative moderate correlation (-0.455) between IL-37 and IL-18 in the healthy group. A significant (0.031) positive weak correlation (0.342) was found between the salivary IL-37 and NLRP3, and a significant (p < 0.001) negative moderate correlation (-0.508) was found between salivary IL-37 and IL-1β, in the periodontitis group.The NLRP3 inflammasomes and their cytokines (caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) significantly promote periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. In contrast, IL-37 acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, inhibiting the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome and reducing excessive inflammation. This interplay highlights the potential of targeting NLRP3 and enhancing IL-37 as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Mosa Hassan
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hadeel Mazin Akram
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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3
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Jones LP, Martin DE, Murray J, Sancilio F, Tripp RA. Probenecid Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs). Biomolecules 2025; 15:511. [PMID: 40305196 PMCID: PMC12024562 DOI: 10.3390/biom15040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/29/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Probenecid has long been a versatile drug in pharmacological therapies, primarily known for blocking active tubular secretion in the kidney, affecting both endogenous substances like uric acid and exogenous ones like penicillin. Beyond its renal applications, probenecid has shown capabilities in crossing the blood-brain barrier and modulating the activity of various membrane channels and transporters. This compound has emerged as a potent antiviral agent, demonstrating efficacy against multiple viruses, including influenza, COVID-19, and RSV. Clinical trials with COVID-19 patients have confirmed its antiviral potential, sparking further investigation into its mechanisms of action. This study explores probenecid's significant anti-inflammatory properties, focusing on its ability to inhibit inflammasome activation. Our study aims to unravel the anti-inflammatory effects of probenecid on the NLRP3 inflammasome and MAPK signaling pathways using murine macrophages as a relevant inflammation model. We reveal that probenecid treatment blocks JNK and ERK signaling without affecting p38 MAPK, suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, probenecid does not affect NFκB-directed protein expression, although it efficiently inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome outputs, e.g., IL-1β and pyroptosis. These results indicate probenecid's potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Les P. Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (L.P.J.); (J.M.)
| | | | - Jackelyn Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (L.P.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Fred Sancilio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33431, USA;
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (L.P.J.); (J.M.)
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4
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Yanuarso PB, Djer MM, Hendarto A, Pudjiadi AH, Rachmadi L, Wibowo H, Advani N, Murni IK, Kekalih A, Sukardi R, Dilawar I, Susanti DS, Supriatna N. Effect of the modified Atkins diet on NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-ιβ, and IL-10 in patients with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing open-heart surgery: A randomized controlled trial. NARRA J 2025; 5:e2138. [PMID: 40352165 PMCID: PMC12059825 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) corrective surgery induces hyperinflammation by activating NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin-ιβ (IL-ιβ), subsequently triggering an interleukin-10 (IL-10) response. Despite its known metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects, the impact of the modified Atkins diet (MAD) in pediatric cardiac surgery remains unexplored, with no studies on its use in TOF patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of MAD on the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-ιβ, and IL-10, in TOF patients undergoing open-heart surgery. A double-arm, randomized-controlled trial was conducted with 44 TOF patients. The treatment group (n = 22) received the MAD, a low-carbohydrate, high-fat regimen with unrestricted fat and protein intake for at least 14 days preoperatively, while the control group (n = 22) followed a standard diet without carbohydrate restriction. Blood plasma and infundibulum heart tissues were collected for analysis. Whole blood samples were collected using a winged infusion needle before the intervention, an Abbocath infusion needle after 14 days of intervention, and a syringe without a needle connected to an arterial line in patients undergoing open-heart surgery at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgical correction. Infundibulum heart tissues were collected during the open-heart surgery. This study demonstrated significant differences in NLRP3 protein expression (p = 0.015), caspase-1 protein expression (p = 0.001), and IL-10 levels between after intervention and 6-, 24-, and 48-hours post-surgery in the MAD group compared to the control group. In contrast, no significant differences in IL-10 levels were observed in the control group between after intervention and 48 hours post-surgery (p = 0.654). In conclusion, MAD may modulate perioperative inflammation in TOF patients undergoing open-heart surgery by downregulating NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression while sustaining IL-10 levels. Despite reduced NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression, unchanged IL-ιβ levels indicate alternative regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piprim B. Yanuarso
- Department of Child and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Child and Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mulyadi M. Djer
- Department of Child and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Child and Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aryono Hendarto
- Department of Child and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Child and Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Antonius H. Pudjiadi
- Department of Child and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Child and Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lisnawati Rachmadi
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Integrated Laboratory for Diagnostic and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Najib Advani
- Department of Child and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Child and Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah K. Murni
- Department of Child and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Child and Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aria Kekalih
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rubiana Sukardi
- Integrated Cardiac Center, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Dilawar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jakarta Heart Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dhama S. Susanti
- Integrated Cardiac Center, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Novianti Supriatna
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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5
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Țicolea M, Pop RM, Pârvu M, Usatiuc LO, Uifălean A, Pop DD, Fischer-Fodor E, Ranga F, Rusu CC, Cătoi AF, Palma-Garcia F, Gherman LM, Pârvu AE. Flowers and Leaves of Artemisia absinthium and Artemisia annua Phytochemical Characterization, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anti-Proliferative Activities Evaluation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:1029. [PMID: 40219097 PMCID: PMC11990577 DOI: 10.3390/plants14071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
This study investigates the phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of A. absinthium and A. annua flowers and leaf ethanol extracts in acute rat inflammation model. Polyphenolic compounds were analyzed quantitatively (total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFCs)) and qualitatively by HPLC-ESI MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro (by DPPH, FRAP, H2O2, and NO scavenging tests), and in vivo (by total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and key oxidative damage markers). Inflammation was evaluated via nuclear factor-kB-p65 (NfkB-p65), and canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation (with IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, and gasdermin D). The antiproliferative activity against human ovarian tumor cells (A2780cis, OVCAR-3, and OAW-42) was evaluated by the MTT assay, focusing on the modulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) pumps and the PARP-1 enzyme. Liver and renal toxicity were tested by measuring transaminases (ALT and AST), creatinine, and urea. The study results indicated that A. absinthium and A. annua flowers and leaf ethanol extracts have rich polyphenol content and moderate in vitro antioxidant activity. Tested extracts display an important antiproliferative activity against the ovarian tumor cell lines A2780cis, OVCAR-3, and OAW-42 based on chemoresistance countering and apoptotic mechanisms. There were differences related to the cell type and plant extract type. The tested plant extracts had significant and dose-dependent in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, with the A. annua flowers extract having the lowest efficiency. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity biomarkers correlated with the extracts' chemical composition. There was no inflammation-induced hepatotoxicity, but renal dysfunction was associated. Only AANL improved the renal function. These results can be used to design and develop remedies with combined anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Țicolea
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.Ț.); (L.-O.U.); (A.U.); (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcel Pârvu
- Department of Biology, Babes-Bolyai University, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lia-Oxana Usatiuc
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.Ț.); (L.-O.U.); (A.U.); (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Ana Uifălean
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.Ț.); (L.-O.U.); (A.U.); (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Dalina Diana Pop
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Anatomy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Tumor Biology Department, The Oncology Institute I. Chiricuță, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Crina Claudia Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- “Mihai Manasia” Nephrology and Dialysis Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.Ț.); (L.-O.U.); (A.U.); (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.)
| | | | - Luciana-Mădălina Gherman
- Experimental Center, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina Elena Pârvu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.Ț.); (L.-O.U.); (A.U.); (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.)
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6
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O'Keefe ME, Kondolf HC, De Santis S, Pizarro TT, Abbott DW. Restraint of inflammasome-driven cytokine responses through the mRNA stability protein TTP. Cell Rep 2025; 44:115340. [PMID: 39982821 PMCID: PMC12022669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 01/02/2025] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome causes extensive disturbance of cellular homeostasis, with Golgi disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in intracellular ion concentration occurring rapidly upon stimulation. Given this, it would seem near certain that these changes might also globally affect cellular signaling pathways, yet few, if any, studies have explored this possibility. Here, we combine genomics and phosphoproteomics to identify inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase signaling cascade upon inflammasome stimulation. This loss of ERK1/2 activity results in rapid inactivation of the mRNA decay-promoting protein tristetraprolin (TTP), with loss of TTP promoting subsequent increased release of cytokines upon pyroptosis. Further, we observe significantly increased levels of TTP expression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, a disease for which altered cytokine expression is a key driver of pathogenesis. Inflammasome activation thus rapidly inactivates a pathway designed to suppress cytokine release, potentially exacerbating hyperinflammatory states, including those involved in autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E O'Keefe
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hannah C Kondolf
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Theresa T Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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7
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Beesetti S. Ubiquitin Ligases in Control: Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2025; 30:25970. [PMID: 40152367 DOI: 10.31083/fbl25970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligases play pivotal roles in the regulation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, a critical process in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. This review explores the intricate mechanisms by which various E3 ubiquitin ligases exert both positive and negative influences on NLRP3 inflammasome activity through diverse post-translational modifications. Negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is mediated by several E3 ligases, including F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 2 (FBXL2), tripartite motif-containing protein 31 (TRIM31), and Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (Cbl-b), which induce K48-linked ubiquitination of NLRP3, targeting it for proteasomal degradation. Membrane-associated RING-CH 7 (MARCH7) similarly promotes K48-linked ubiquitination leading to autophagic degradation, while RING finger protein (RNF125) induces K63-linked ubiquitination to modulate NLRP3 function. Ariadne homolog 2 (ARIH2) targets the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) domain of NLRP3, inhibiting its activation, and tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM65) employs dual K48 and K63-linked ubiquitination to suppress inflammasome assembly. Conversely, Pellino2 exemplifies a positive regulator, promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation through K63-linked ubiquitination. Additionally, ubiquitin ligases influence other components critical for inflammasome function. TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) mediates K63 polyubiquitination of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), facilitating its degradation, while E3 ligases regulate caspase-1 activation and DEAH-box helicase 33 (DHX33)-NLRP3 complex formation through specific ubiquitination events. Beyond direct inflammasome regulation, ubiquitin ligases impact broader innate immune signaling pathways, modulating pattern-recognition receptor responses and dendritic cell maturation. Furthermore, they intricately control NOD1/NOD2 signaling through K63-linked polyubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2), crucial for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Furthermore, we explore how various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, have evolved sophisticated strategies to hijack the host ubiquitination machinery, manipulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation to evade immune responses. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammasome regulation and their implications for inflammatory diseases, offering potential avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, ubiquitin ligases emerge as key regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, exhibiting a complex array of functions that finely tune immune responses. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms not only sheds light on fundamental aspects of inflammation but also offers potential therapeutic avenues for inflammatory disorders and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Beesetti
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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8
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Kobe B, Nanson JD, Hoad M, Blumenthal A, Gambin Y, Sierecki E, Stacey KJ, Ve T, Halfmann R. Signalling by co-operative higher-order assembly formation: linking evidence at molecular and cellular levels. Biochem J 2025; 482:275-294. [PMID: 40040472 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/06/2025]
Abstract
The concept of higher-order assembly signalling or signalling by co-operative assembly formation (SCAF) was proposed based on the structures of signalling assemblies formed by proteins featuring domains from the death-fold family and the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain family. Because these domains form filamentous assemblies upon stimulation and activate downstream pathways through induced proximity, they were envisioned to sharpen response thresholds through the extreme co-operativity of higher-order assembly. Recent findings demonstrate that a central feature of the SCAF mechanism is the nucleation barrier that allows a switch-like, digital or 'all-or-none' response to minute stimuli. In agreement, this signalling mechanism features in cell-death and innate immunity activation pathways where a binary decision is required. Here, we broaden the concept of SCAF to encapsulate the essential kinetic properties of open-ended assembly in signalling, compare properties of filamentous assemblies and other co-operative assemblies such as biomolecular condensates, and review how this concept operates in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Nanson
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Mikayla Hoad
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Yann Gambin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Emma Sierecki
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Ve
- Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Randal Halfmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, U.S.A
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9
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Li X, Hu X, You H, Zheng K, Tang R, Kong F. Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling by palmitoylation. iScience 2025; 28:111667. [PMID: 39877903 PMCID: PMC11772949 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), consisting of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, cytosolic DNA sensors, and NOD-like receptors, sense exogenous pathogenic molecules and endogenous damage signals to maintain physiological homeostasis. Upon activation, PRRs stimulate the sensitization of nuclear factor κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, TANK-binding kinase 1-interferon (IFN) regulatory factor, and inflammasome signaling pathways to produce inflammatory factors and IFNs to activate Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways, resulting in anti-infection, antitumor, and other specific immune responses. Palmitoylation is a crucial type of post-translational modification that reversibly alters the localization, stability, and biological activity of target molecules. Here, we discuss the available knowledge on the biological roles and underlying mechanisms linked to protein palmitoylation in modulating PRRs and their downstream signaling pathways under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, recent advances in the use of palmitoylation as an attractive therapeutic target for disorders caused by the dysregulation of PRRs were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Zhang W, Wu H, Liao Y, Zhu C, Zou Z. Caspase family in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2025; 24:103714. [PMID: 39638102 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, with its primary forms including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. The caspase family is central to these processes, and its complex functions across different cell death pathways and other non-cell death roles have been closely linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of the caspase family in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and multiple sclerosis (MS). It particularly emphasizes the intricate functions of caspases within various cell death pathways and their potential as therapeutic targets, thereby offering innovative insights and a thorough discussion in this field. In terms of therapy, strategies targeting caspases hold significant promise. We emphasize the importance of a holistic understanding of caspases in the overall concept of cell death, exploring their unique functions and interrelationships across multiple cell death pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis. This approach transcends the limitations of previous studies that focused on singular cell death pathways. Additionally, caspases play a key role in non-cell death functions, such as immune cell activation, cytokine processing, inflammation regulation, and tissue repair, thereby opening new avenues for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Regulating caspase activity holds the potential to restore immune balance in autoimmune diseases. Potential therapeutic approaches include small molecule inhibitors (both reversible and irreversible), biological agents (such as monoclonal antibodies), and gene therapies. However, achieving specific modulation of caspases to avoid interference with normal physiological functions remains a major challenge. Future research must delve deeper into the regulatory mechanisms of caspases and their associated complexes linked to PANoptosis to facilitate precision medicine. In summary, this article offers a comprehensive and in-depth analysis, providing a novel perspective on the complex roles of caspases in autoimmune diseases, with the potential to catalyze breakthroughs in understanding disease mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzheqi Zhang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huang Wu
- Basic Medical University, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Liao
- School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chenglong Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zui Zou
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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11
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Williams DM, Peden AA. Greasing the wheels of inflammasome formation: regulation of NLRP3 function by S-linked fatty acids. Biochem Soc Trans 2025:BST20241738. [PMID: 39838868 DOI: 10.1042/bst20241738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
NLRP3 is an inflammasome seeding pattern recognition receptor that initiates a pro-inflammatory signalling cascade in response to changes in intracellular homeostasis that are indicative of bacterial infection or tissue damage. Several types of post-translational modification (PTM) have been identified that are added to NLRP3 to regulate its activity. Recent progress has revealed that NLRP3 is subject to a further type of PTM, S-acylation (or palmitoylation), which involves the reversible addition of long-chain fatty acids to target cysteine residues by opposing sets of enzymes. This review provides an overview of recent studies that have identified S-acylation as an important modifier of NLRP3 function. The essential role of S-acylation in the recruitment of NLRP3 to intracellular membranes and the consequences of S-acylation-dependent membrane recruitment on NLRP3 localisation and activation are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Williams
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A Peden
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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12
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Hu Y, Tang J, Yu D, Su S, Fang J, Xia L, Xu W, Zhu W, Song N, Wang F, Diao D, Zhang W. Correlation and diagnostic significance of CD4 T cell subsets and NLRP3 inflammasome in ulcerative colitis: the role of the NLRP3/T-bet/GATA3 axis. BMC Gastroenterol 2025; 25:23. [PMID: 39833691 PMCID: PMC11748810 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-025-03603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by complex immunological interactions involving CD4 T cell subsets and the NLRP3 inflammasome, which influence inflammatory responses. This investigation focused on delineating the activation profiles of these components and their correlation with disease severity and activity, assessing their diagnostic implications in UC. METHODS We conducted immunohistochemistry and ELISA assays to measure markers expression of CD4 T cell subsets and the NLRP3 inflammasome in UC patients versus controls. Findings were validated using correlation analysis, molecular docking and ROC curves. RESULTS UC patients displayed increased Th1 (T-bet, TNF-α), Th2 (GATA3, IL-6), and Th17 (RORγt, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23) markers versus controls. Additionally, Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IL-2 and IL-4) were significantly elevated in severe UC, while Treg markers (FOXP3, IL-10, TGF-β1) were elevated only in mild-to-moderate UC. Enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indicated by elevated NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β levels. These molecular patterns, confirmed through correlation analysis and molecular docking, underscored strong correlations among NLRP3, T-bet, and GATA3, supporting the proposed NLRP3/T-bet/GATA3 axis. This axis, along with other biomarkers, showed strong associations with UC severity, Mayo score, UCEIS, demonstrated relatively high diagnostic value. CONCLUSION The NLRP3/T-bet/GATA3 axis provides a referable strategy for multi-targeted combined treatment of UC and may serve as potential biomarkers for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and guiding therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingyi Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dian Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Su
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Qujiang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quzhou, China
| | - Jintao Fang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linying Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihan Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ninping Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 318, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, CN310005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 318, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, CN310005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechang Diao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 318, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, CN310005, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Matico R, Grauwen K, Chauhan D, Yu X, Abdiaj I, Adhikary S, Adriaensen I, Aranzazu GM, Alcázar J, Bassi M, Brisse E, Cañellas S, Chaudhuri S, Delgado F, Diéguez-Vázquez A, Du Jardin M, Eastham V, Finley M, Jacobs T, Keustermans K, Kuhn R, Llaveria J, Leenaerts J, Linares ML, Martín ML, Martín-Pérez R, Martínez C, Miller R, Muñoz FM, Muratore ME, Nooyens A, Perez-Benito L, Perrier M, Pietrak B, Serré J, Sharma S, Somers M, Suarez J, Tresadern G, Trabanco AA, Van den Bulck D, Van Gool M, Van Hauwermeiren F, Varghese T, Vega JA, Youssef SA, Edwards MJ, Oehlrich D, Van Opdenbosch N. Navigating from cellular phenotypic screen to clinical candidate: selective targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome. EMBO Mol Med 2025; 17:54-84. [PMID: 39653810 PMCID: PMC11730736 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in host defense and drives inflammation against microbial threats, crystals, and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Dysregulation of NLRP3 activity is associated with various human diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Patients with NLRP3 mutations suffer from Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS) emphasizing the clinical significance of modulating NLRP3. In this study, we present the identification of a novel chemical class exhibiting selective and potent inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Through a comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) campaign, we optimized the lead molecule, compound A, for in vivo applications. Extensive in vitro and in vivo characterization of compound A confirmed the high selectivity and potency positioning compound A as a promising clinical candidate for diseases associated with aberrant NLRP3 activity. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in developing targeted therapies for conditions involving NLRP3-mediated inflammation, opening avenues for further preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Matico
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Karolien Grauwen
- Janssen Interventional Oncology, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dhruv Chauhan
- Janssen Interventional Oncology, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Xiaodi Yu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Irini Abdiaj
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Suraj Adhikary
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Ine Adriaensen
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, In Vivo Sciences (IVS), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Garcia Molina Aranzazu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesus Alcázar
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Michela Bassi
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ellen Brisse
- Janssen Interventional Oncology, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Shubhra Chaudhuri
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Francisca Delgado
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Diéguez-Vázquez
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Marc Du Jardin
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Pharmaceutics, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Victoria Eastham
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Michael Finley
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Tom Jacobs
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ken Keustermans
- Charles River Laboratories, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Robert Kuhn
- Janssen Interventional Oncology, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Josep Llaveria
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jos Leenaerts
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maria Lourdes Linares
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Maria Luz Martín
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa Martín-Pérez
- Janssen Interventional Oncology, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Carlos Martínez
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Robyn Miller
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Frances M Muñoz
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Michael E Muratore
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Amber Nooyens
- Janssen Interventional Oncology, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Laura Perez-Benito
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Therapeutic Discovery, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Perrier
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Beth Pietrak
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Jef Serré
- Janssen Interventional Oncology, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Marijke Somers
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Drug Metabolism and Phamacokinetcs (DMPK), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Javier Suarez
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Therapeutic Discovery, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Andres A Trabanco
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Dries Van den Bulck
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Michiel Van Gool
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Teena Varghese
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Discovery Technologies and Molecular Pharmacology (DTMP), Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Juan Antonio Vega
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), C. Río Jarama, 75, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety (PSTS), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Matthew J Edwards
- Janssen Interventional Oncology, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Daniel Oehlrich
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Global Discovery Chemistry (GDC), Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
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14
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Anand PK. From fat to fire: The lipid-inflammasome connection. Immunol Rev 2025; 329:e13403. [PMID: 39327931 PMCID: PMC11744241 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play a crucial role in regulating immune responses by governing the activation of Caspase-1, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the induction of inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis. The inflammasomes are pivotal in effective host defense against a range of pathogens. Yet, overt activation of inflammasome signaling can be detrimental. The most well-studied NLRP3 inflammasome has the ability to detect a variety of stimuli including pathogen-associated molecular patterns, environmental irritants, and endogenous stimuli released from dying cells. Additionally, NLRP3 acts as a key sensor of cellular homeostasis and can be activated by disturbances in diverse metabolic pathways. Consequently, NLRP3 is considered a key player linking metabolic dysregulation to numerous inflammatory disorders such as gout, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Recently, compelling studies have highlighted a connection between lipids and the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Lipids are integral to cellular processes that serve not only in maintaining the structural integrity and subcellular compartmentalization, but also in contributing to physiological equilibrium. Certain lipid species are known to define NLRP3 subcellular localization, therefore directly influencing the site of inflammasome assembly and activation. For instance, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate plays a crucial role in NLRP3 localization to the trans Golgi network. Moreover, new evidence has demonstrated the roles of lipid biosynthesis and trafficking in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. This review summarizes and discusses these emerging and varied roles of lipid metabolism in inflammasome activation. A deeper understanding of lipid-inflammasome interactions may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K. Anand
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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15
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Sun R, Chu J, Li P. Inflammasomes and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1449969. [PMID: 39723212 PMCID: PMC11668653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1449969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle weakness and elevated serum creatine kinase levels. Recent research has highlighted the role of the innate immune system, particularly inflammasomes, in the pathogenesis of IIM. This review focuses on the role of inflammasomes, specifically NLRP3 and AIM2, and their associated proteins in the development of IIM. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway that triggers inflammation, and its association with IIM. The NLRP3 inflammasome, in particular, has been implicated in muscle fiber necrosis and the subsequent release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to inflammation. We also explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome with inhibitors such as glyburide and MCC950, which have shown promise in reducing inflammation and improving muscle function in preclinical models. Additionally, we discuss the role of caspases, particularly caspase-1, in the canonical pyroptotic pathway associated with IIM. The understanding of these mechanisms offers new avenues for therapeutic intervention and a better comprehension of IIM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiyan Chu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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16
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Papantoniou K, Aggeletopoulou I, Michailides C, Pastras P, Triantos C. Understanding the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Acute Pancreatitis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:945. [PMID: 39596901 PMCID: PMC11592098 DOI: 10.3390/biology13110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) remains a serious clinical condition, with current treatment options being largely supportive. The discovery of inflammasomes, particularly the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, has significantly advanced our knowledge regarding many inflammatory diseases' pathogenesis, including AP. The NLRP3 inflammasome is central in mediating the inflammatory process in AP through its diverse activation mechanisms and its involvement in multiple signal transduction pathways. This has made NLRP3 an appealing target for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating inflammation in AP. Despite the growing interest in NLRP3 as a therapeutic target, there remains a notable gap in clinical research, with few clinical trials exploring the efficacy of NLRP3 inhibitors in AP. Results of several preclinical studies and animal models are promising and suggest that the use of NLRP3 inhibitors could result in reduced inflammation and improved patient outcomes in AP. Further research is urgently needed to assess their potential benefits, safety, and applicability in human patients and address the underlying inflammatory processes driving AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papantoniou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Christos Michailides
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (K.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Ploutarchos Pastras
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.A.); (P.P.)
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17
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Dawson RE, Jenkins BJ. The Role of Inflammasome-Associated Innate Immune Receptors in Cancer. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e38. [PMID: 39513025 PMCID: PMC11538610 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated activation of the innate immune system is a critical driver of chronic inflammation that is associated with at least 30% of all cancers. Innate immunity can also exert tumour-promoting effects (e.g. proliferation) directly on cancer cells in an intrinsic manner. Conversely, innate immunity can influence adaptive immunity-based anti-tumour immune responses via Ag-presenting dendritic cells that activate natural killer and cytotoxic T cells to eradicate tumours. While adaptive anti-tumour immunity has underpinned immunotherapy approaches with immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric Ag receptor-T cells, the clinical utility of innate immunity in cancer is underexplored. Innate immune responses are governed by pattern recognition receptors, which comprise several families, including Toll-like, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing (NOD)-like and absent-in-melanoma 2 (AIM2)-like receptors. Notably, a subset of NOD-like and AIM2-like receptors can form large multiprotein "inflammasome" complexes which control maturation of biologically active IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines. Over the last decade, it has emerged that inflammasomes can coordinate contrasting pro- and anti-tumour responses in cancer and non-cancer (e.g. immune, stromal) cells. Considering the importance of inflammasomes to the net output of innate immune responses, here we provide an overview and discuss recent advancements on the diverse role of inflammasomes in cancer that have underpinned their potential targeting in diverse malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby E. Dawson
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Brendan J. Jenkins
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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18
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Ma XN, Li MY, Qi GQ, Wei LN, Zhang DK. SUMOylation at the crossroads of gut health: insights into physiology and pathology. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:404. [PMID: 39160548 PMCID: PMC11331756 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation, a post-translational modification involving the covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target substrates, plays a pivotal role at the intersection of gut health and disease, influencing various aspects of intestinal physiology and pathology. This review provides a comprehensive examination of SUMOylation's diverse roles within the gut microenvironment. We examine its critical roles in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity, regulating immune responses, and mediating host-microbe interactions, thereby highlighting the complex molecular mechanisms that underpin gut homeostasis. Furthermore, we explore the impact of SUMOylation dysregulation in various intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer, highlighting its implications as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. By integrating current research findings, this review offers valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between SUMOylation and gut health, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring intestinal equilibrium and combating associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ni Ma
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mu-Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Guo-Qing Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - De-Kui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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