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Gourari-Bouzouina K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Halla N, Seghir A, Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani ZZ, Boucherit K. Exploring the dynamics of mixed-species biofilms involving Candida spp. and bacteria in cystic fibrosis. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:255. [PMID: 38734793 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that results from mutations in the gene responsible for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The airways become clogged with thick, viscous mucus that traps microbes in respiratory tracts, facilitating colonization, inflammation and infection. CF is recognized as a biofilm-associated disease, it is commonly polymicrobial and can develop in biofilms. This review discusses Candida spp. and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms that affect the airways and cause pulmonary infections in the CF context, with a particular focus on mixed-species biofilms. In addition, the review explores the intricate interactions between fungal and bacterial species within these biofilms and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern their dynamics. Moreover, the review addresses the multifaceted issue of antimicrobial resistance in the context of CF-associated biofilms. By synthesizing current knowledge and research findings, this review aims to provide insights into the pathogenesis of CF-related infections and identify potential therapeutic approaches to manage and combat these complex biofilm-mediated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Gourari-Bouzouina
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Zahia Boucherit-Otmani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Halla
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Recovery of Plants, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Moulay-Tahar, 20000, Saida, Algeria
| | - Abdelfettah Seghir
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zahira Zakia Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Kebir Boucherit
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
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Moore K, Li A, Gupta N, Gupta TT, Delury C, Aiken SS, Laycock PA, Stoodley P. Killing of a Multispecies Biofilm Using Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Targeted Antibiotic Released from High Purity Calcium Sulfate Beads. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2296. [PMID: 37764142 PMCID: PMC10538001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multispecies biofilm orthopedic infections are more challenging to treat than mono-species infections. In this in-vitro study, we aimed to determine if a multispecies biofilm, consisting of Gram positive and negative species with different antibiotic susceptibilities could be treated more effectively using high purity antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads (HP-ALCSB) containing vancomycin (VAN) and tobramycin (TOB) in combination than alone. METHODS Three sets of species pairs from bioluminescent strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and clinical isolates, Enterococcus faecalis (EF) and Enterobacter cloacae were screened for compatibility. PA + EF developed intermixed biofilms with similar cell concentrations and so were grown on 316L stainless steel coupons for 72 h or as 24 h agar lawn biofilms and then treated with HP-ALCSBs with single or combination antibiotics and assessed by viable count or bioluminescence and light imaging to distinguish each species. Replica plating was used to assess viability. RESULTS The VAN + TOB bead significantly reduced the PA + EF biofilm CFU and reduced the concentration of surviving antibiotic tolerant variants by 50% compared to single antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Gram-negative and positive targeted antibiotics released from HP-ALCSBs may be more effective in treating multispecies biofilms than monotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Moore
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
| | - Anthony Li
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
| | - Niraj Gupta
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
| | - Tripti Thapa Gupta
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
| | - Craig Delury
- Biocomposites Ltd., Keele Science Park, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK; (C.D.); (S.S.A.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Sean S. Aiken
- Biocomposites Ltd., Keele Science Park, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK; (C.D.); (S.S.A.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Phillip A. Laycock
- Biocomposites Ltd., Keele Science Park, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5NL, UK; (C.D.); (S.S.A.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.M.); (A.L.); (N.G.); (T.T.G.)
- Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43203, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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UVA as environmental signal for alginate production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: role of this polysaccharide in the protection of planktonic cells and biofilms against lethal UVA doses. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1459-1472. [PMID: 35551642 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an extremely versatile microorganism that survives in a wide variety of niches. It is capable to respond rapidly to changes in the environment by producing secondary metabolites and virulence factors, including alginate. Alginate is an extracellular polysaccharide that protects the bacteria from antibiotics and oxidative agents, and enhances cell adhesion to solid surfaces in the process of biofilm formation. In the present study, we analyzed the role of alginate in the response of P. aeruginosa to lethal doses of ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation, the major fraction of solar UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. We also studied the role of alginate in the context of the adaptive responses generated when P. aeruginosa is exposed to sublethal doses of UVA radiation. The survival studies demonstrated that alginate has a key role in the resistance of P. aeruginosa to the oxidative stress generated by lethal UVA doses, both in planktonic cells and in static biofilms. In addition, the presence of alginate proved to be essential in the occurrence of adaptive responses such as induction of biofilm formation and cross-protection against hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, both generated by exposure to low UVA doses. Finally, we demonstrated that the increase of biofilm formation is accompanied by an increase in alginate concentration in the biofilm matrix, possibly through the ppGpp-dependent induction of genes related to alginate regulation (algR and algU) and biosynthesis (algD operon). Given the importance of alginate in biofilm formation and its protective roles, better understanding of the mechanisms associated to its functions and synthesis is relevant, given the normal exposure of P. aeruginosa to UVA radiation and other types of oxidative stresses.
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Liposome-Encapsulated Tobramycin and IDR-1018 Peptide Mediated Biofilm Disruption and Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050960. [PMID: 35631547 PMCID: PMC9144307 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inadequate eradication of pulmonary infections and chronic inflammation are significant complications in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, who usually suffer from persistent and frequent lung infections caused by several pathogens, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The ability of pathogenic microbes to protect themselves from biofilms leads to the development of an innate immune response and antibiotic resistance. In the present work, a reference bacterial strain of P. aeruginosa (PA01) and a multidrug-resistant isolate (MDR 7067) were used to explore the microbial susceptibility to three antibiotics (ceftazidime, imipenem, and tobramycin) and an anti-biofilm peptide (IDR-1018 peptide) using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). The most effective antibiotic was then encapsulated into liposomal nanoparticles and the IDR-1018 peptide with antibacterial activity, and the ability to disrupt the produced biofilm against PA01 and MDR 7067 was assessed. The MIC evaluation of the tobramycin antibacterial activity showed an insignificant effect on the liposomes loaded with tobramycin and liposomes encapsulating tobramycin and IDR-1018 against both P. aeruginosa strains to free tobramycin. Nevertheless, the biofilm formation was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at concentrations of ≥4 μg/mL and ≤32 μg/mL for PA01 and ≤32 μg/mL for MDR 7067 when loading tobramycin into liposomes, with or without the anti-biofilm peptide compared to the free antibiotic, empty liposomes, and IDR-1018-loaded liposomes. A tobramycin concentration of ≤256 µg/mL was safe when exposed to a lung carcinoma cell line upon its encapsulation into the liposomal formulation. Tobramycin-loaded liposomes could be a potential candidate for treating lung-infected animal models owing to the high therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of this system compared to the free administration of the antibiotic.
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Alhajj N, O'Reilly NJ, Cathcart H. Developing ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation: A story of challenges and rational design in the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung infection. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121388. [PMID: 34923051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystem disease affecting the lung which leads to a progressive decline in lung function as a result of malfunctioning mucociliary clearance and subsequent chronic bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of lung infection in CF patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of the treatment of CF. Pulmonary delivery of antibiotics for lung infections significantly reduces the required dose and the associated systemic side effects while improving therapeutic outcomes. Ciprofloxacin is one of the most widely used antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and the most effective fluoroquinolone. However, in spite of the substantial amount of research aimed at developing ciprofloxacin powder for inhalation, none of these formulations has been commercialized. Here, we present an integrated view of the diverse challenges associated with delivering ciprofloxacin dry particles to the lungs of CF patients and the rationales behind recent formulations of ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation. This review will discuss the challenges in developing ciprofloxacin powder for inhalation along with the physiological and pathophysiological challenges such as ciprofloxacin lung permeability, overproduction of viscous mucus and bacterial biofilms. The review will also discuss the current and emerging particle engineering approaches to overcoming these challenges. By doing so, we believe the review will help the reader to understand the current limitations in developing an inhalable ciprofloxacin powder and explore new opportunities of rational design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Helen Cathcart
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Abstract
Microbes are hardly seen as planktonic species and are most commonly found as biofilm communities in cases of chronic infections. Biofilms are regarded as a biological condition, where a large group of microorganisms gets adhered to a biotic or abiotic surface. In this context, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen is the main causative organism responsible for life-threatening and persistent infections in individuals affected with cystic fibrosis and other lung ailments. The bacteria can form a strong biofilm structure when it adheres to a surface suitable for the development of a biofilm matrix. These bacterial biofilms pose higher natural resistance to conventional antibiotic therapy due to their multiple tolerance mechanisms. This prevailing condition has led to an increasing rate of treatment failures associated with P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. A better understanding of the effect of a diverse group of antibiotics on established biofilms would be necessary to avoid inappropriate treatment strategies. Hence, the search for other alternative strategies as effective biofilm treatment options has become a growing area of research. The current review aims to give an overview of the mechanisms governing biofilm formation and the different strategies employed so far in the control of biofilm infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Moreover, this review can also help researchers to search for new antibiofilm agents to tackle the effect of biofilm infections that are currently imprudent to conventional antibiotics.
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Gunardi WD, Timotius KH, Natasha A, Evriarti PR. Biofilm Targeting Strategy in the Eradication of Burkholderia Infections: A Mini-Review. Open Microbiol J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802115010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia are intracellular pathogenic bacteria which can produce biofilm. This biofilm protects the intracellular pathogenic bacteria from antibiotic treatment and the immunological system of the host. Therefore, this review aims to describe the capacity of Burkholderia to form a biofilm, the regulation of its biofilm formation, the efficacy of antibiotics to eradicate biofilm, and the novel therapy which targets its biofilm. Burkholderia's biofilm is characterized by its lipopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides (EPSs), biofilm-associated proteins, and eDNA. Its regulation is made by quorum sensing, c-di-AMP, sRNA, and two component systems. Many antibiotics have been used as sole or mixture agents; however, they are not always effective in eradicating the biofilm-forming Burkholderia. Inhibitors of quorum sensing and other non-conventional antibiotic approaches are promising to discover effective treatment of Burkholderia infections.
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Ding L, Wang J, Cai S, Smyth H, Cui Z. Pulmonary biofilm-based chronic infections and inhaled treatment strategies. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120768. [PMID: 34089796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Certain pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, are usually accompanied by respiratory tract infections due to the physiological alteration of the lung immunological defenses. Recurrent infections may lead to chronic infection through the formation of biofilms. Chronic biofilm-based infections are challenging to treat using antimicrobial agents. Therefore, effective ways to eradicate biofilms and thus relieve respiratory tract infection require the development of efficacious agents for biofilm destruction, the design of delivery carriers with biofilm-targeting and/or penetrating abilities for these agents, and the direct delivery of them into the lung. This review provides an in-depth description of biofilm-based infections caused by pulmonary diseases and focuses on current existing agents that are administered by inhalation into the lung to treat biofilm, which include i) inhalable antimicrobial agents and their combinations, ii) non-antimicrobial adjuvants such as matrix-targeting enzymes, mannitol, glutathione, cyclosporin A, and iii) liposomal formulations of anti-biofilm agents. Finally, novel agents that have shown promise against pulmonary biofilms as well as traditional and new devices for pulmonary delivery of anti-biofilm agents into the lung are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jieliang Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shihao Cai
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hugh Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Pezzoni M, Pizarro RA, Costa CS. Role of quorum sensing in UVA-induced biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:735-750. [PMID: 32496187 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a versatile bacterium present in terrestrial and aquatic environments and a relevant opportunistic human pathogen, is largely known for the production of robust biofilms. The unique properties of these structures complicate biofilm eradication, because they make the biofilms very resistant to diverse antibacterial agents. Biofilm development and establishment is a complex process regulated by multiple regulatory genetic systems, among them is quorum sensing (QS), a mechanism employed by bacteria to regulate gene transcription in response to population density. In addition, environmental factors such as UVA radiation (400-315 nm) have been linked to biofilm formation. In this work, we further investigate the mechanism underlying the induction of biofilm formation by UVA, analysing the role of QS in this phenomenon. We demonstrate that UVA induces key genes of the Las and Rhl QS systems at the transcriptional level. We also report that pelA and pslA genes, which are essential for biofilm formation and whose transcription depends in part on QS, are significantly induced under UVA exposure. Finally, the results demonstrate that in a relA strain (impaired for ppGpp production), the UVA treatment does not induce biofilm formation or QS genes, suggesting that the increase of biofilm formation due to exposure to UVA in P. aeruginosa could rely on a ppGpp-dependent QS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pezzoni
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, General San Martín, Argentina
| | - Ramón A Pizarro
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, General San Martín, Argentina
| | - Cristina S Costa
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, General San Martín, Argentina
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Tran TT, Hadinoto K. Ternary nanoparticle complex of antibiotic, polyelectrolyte, and mucolytic enzyme as a potential antibiotic delivery system in bronchiectasis therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111095. [PMID: 32416520 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-polyelectrolyte nanoparticle complex (or nanoplex in short) has been recently demonstrated as a superior antibiotic delivery system to the native antibiotic in bronchiectasis therapy owed to its ability to overcome the lung's mucus barrier and generate high localized antibiotic exposure in the infected sites. The present work aimed to further improve the mucus permeability, hence the antibacterial efficacy of the nanoplex, by incorporating mucolytic enzyme papain (PAP) at the nanoplex formation step to produce PAP-decorated antibiotic-polyelectrolyte nanoplex exhibiting built-in mucolytic capability. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and dextran sulfate (DXT) were used as the models for antibiotics and polyelectrolyte, respectively. The results showed that the PAP inclusion had minimal effects on the physical characteristics, preparation efficiency, and dissolution of the CIP-DXT nanoplex. The optimal CIP-(DXT-PAP) nanoplex exhibited size and zeta potential of approximately 200 nm and -50 mV with CIP and PAP payloads of 60% and 32% (w/w), respectively. The nanoplex was prepared at high efficiency with larger than 80% CIP and PAP utilization rates. The CIP-(DXT-PAP) nanoplex exhibited tenfold improvement in the mucus permeability compared to its CIP-DXT nanoplex counterpart, resulting in the former's superior bactericidal activity against clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in the presence of mucus barrier. A trade-off, nevertheless, existed between antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity towards human lung epithelium cells upon the incorporation of PAP above a certain concentration threshold. Therefore, the optimal dosing of the CIP-(DXT-PAP) nanoplex must be carefully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- The-Thien Tran
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Kunn Hadinoto
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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Teirlinck E, Fraire J, Van Acker H, Wille J, Swimberghe R, Brans T, Xiong R, Meire M, De Moor R, De Smedt S, Coenye T, Braeckmans K. Laser-induced vapor nanobubbles improve diffusion in biofilms of antimicrobial agents for wound care. Biofilm 2019; 1:100004. [PMID: 33447791 PMCID: PMC7798460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Being responsible for delayed wound healing, the presence of biofilms in infected wounds leads to chronic, and difficult to treat infections. One of the reasons why antimicrobial treatment often fails to cure biofilm infections is the reduced penetration rate of antibiotics through dense biofilms. Strategies that have the ability to somehow interfere with the integrity of biofilms and allowing a better penetration of drugs are highly sought after. A promising new approach is the use of laser-induced vapor nanobubbles (VNB), of which it was recently demonstrated that it can substantially enhance the penetration of antibiotics into biofilms, resulting in a marked improvement of the killing efficiency. In this study, we examined if treatment of biofilms with laser-induced vapor nanobubbles (VNB) can enhance the potency of antimicrobials which are commonly used to treat wound infections, including povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide and mupirocin. Our investigations were performed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, which are often implicated in chronic wound infections. Pre-treatment of biofilms with laser-induced VNB did enhance the killing efficiency of those antimicrobials which experience a diffusion barrier in the biofilms, while this was not the case for those compounds for which there is no diffusion barrier. The magnitude of the enhanced potency was in most cases similar to the enhancement that was obtained when the biofilms were completely disrupted by vortexing and sonication. These results show that laser-induced VNB are indeed a very efficient way to enhance drug penetration deep into biofilms, and pave the way towards clinical translation of this novel approach for treatment of wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Teirlinck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - J.C. Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - H. Van Acker
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - J. Wille
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - R. Swimberghe
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - T. Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - R. Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - M. Meire
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - R.J.G. De Moor
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - S.C. De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - T. Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - K. Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- IEMN UMR 8520, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, 59652, France
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules UMR 8523, Villeneuve d’Ascq, 59655, France
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Cloutier M, Muru K, Ravicoularamin G, Gauthier C. Polysaccharides from Burkholderia species as targets for vaccine development, immunomodulation and chemical synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:1251-1293. [PMID: 30023998 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 Burkholderia species are a vast group of human pathogenic, phytopathogenic, and plant- or environment-associated bacteria. B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia complex are the causative agents of melioidosis, glanders, and cystic fibrosis-related infections, respectively, which are fatal diseases in humans and animals. Due to their high resistance to antibiotics, high mortality rates, and increased infectivity via the respiratory tract, B. pseudomallei and B. mallei have been listed as potential bioterrorism agents by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Burkholderia species are able to produce a large network of surface-exposed polysaccharides, i.e., lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides, which are virulence factors, immunomodulators, major biofilm components, and protective antigens, and have crucial implications in the pathogenicity of Burkholderia-associated diseases. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account regarding the structural elucidation and biological activities of surface polysaccharides produced by Burkholderia species. The chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides mimicking Burkholderia polysaccharides is described in detail. Emphasis is placed on the recent research efforts toward the development of glycoconjugate vaccines against melioidosis and glanders based on synthetic or native Burkholderia oligo/polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Cloutier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
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In Vitro Activity of a Novel Glycopolymer against Biofilms of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00498-19. [PMID: 30910901 PMCID: PMC6535541 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00498-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are often associated with a steady decline in lung function and death. The formation of biofilms and inherent multidrug resistance are virulence factors associated with Bcc infection and contribute to increased risk of mortality in CF patients. Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are often associated with a steady decline in lung function and death. The formation of biofilms and inherent multidrug resistance are virulence factors associated with Bcc infection and contribute to increased risk of mortality in CF patients. New therapeutic strategies targeting bacterial biofilms are anticipated to enhance antibiotic penetration and facilitate resolution of infection. Poly (acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine (PAAG) is a cationic glycopolymer therapeutic being developed to directly target biofilm integrity. In this study, 13 isolates from 7 species were examined, including Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia dolosa, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, and B. cepacia. These isolates were selected for their resistance to standard clinical antibiotics and their ability to form biofilms in vitro. Biofilm biomass was quantitated using static tissue culture plate (TCP) biofilm methods and a minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) visualized biofilm removal by PAAG during treatment. Both TCP and MBEC methods demonstrated a significant dose-dependent relationship with regard to biofilm removal by 50 to 200 μg/ml PAAG following a 1-h treatment (P < 0.01). A significant reduction in biofilm thickness was observed following a 10-min treatment of Bcc biofilms with PAAG compared to that with vehicle control (P < 0.001) in TCP, MBEC, and CLSM analyses. PAAG also rapidly permeabilizes bacteria within the first 10 min of treatment. Glycopolymers, such as PAAG, are a new class of large-molecule therapeutics that support the treatment of recalcitrant Bcc biofilm.
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Richter AM, Fazli M, Schmid N, Shilling R, Suppiger A, Givskov M, Eberl L, Tolker-Nielsen T. Key Players and Individualists of Cyclic-di-GMP Signaling in Burkholderia cenocepacia. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3286. [PMID: 30687272 PMCID: PMC6335245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 is an opportunistic pathogen associated with chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Biofilm formation, motility and virulence of B. cenocepacia are regulated by the second messenger cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). In the present study, we analyzed the role of all 25 putative c-di-GMP metabolizing proteins of B. cenocepacia H111 with respect to motility, colony morphology, pellicle formation, biofilm formation, and virulence. We found that RpfR is a key regulator of c-di-GMP signaling in B. cenocepacia, affecting a broad spectrum of phenotypes under various environmental conditions. In addition, we identified Bcal2449 as a regulator of B. cenocepacia virulence in Galleria mellonella larvae. While Bcal2449 consists of protein domains that may catalyze both c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation, only the latter was essential for larvae killing, suggesting that a decreased c-di-GMP level mediated by the Bcal2449 protein is required for virulence of B. cenocepacia. Finally, our work suggests that some individual proteins play a role in regulating exclusively motility (CdpA), biofilm formation (Bcam1160) or both (Bcam2836).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Richter
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Fazli
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadine Schmid
- Department of Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Shilling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Suppiger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Givskov
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Teirlinck E, Xiong R, Brans T, Forier K, Fraire J, Van Acker H, Matthijs N, De Rycke R, De Smedt SC, Coenye T, Braeckmans K. Laser-induced vapour nanobubbles improve drug diffusion and efficiency in bacterial biofilms. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4518. [PMID: 30375378 PMCID: PMC6207769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hindered penetration of antibiotics through biofilms is one of the reasons for the alarming increase in bacterial tolerance to antibiotics. Here, we investigate the potential of laser-induced vapour nanobubbles (VNBs) formed around plasmonic nanoparticles to locally disturb biofilm integrity and improve antibiotics diffusion. Our results show that biofilms of both Gram-negative (Burkholderia multivorans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria can be loaded with cationic 70-nm gold nanoparticles and that subsequent laser illumination results in VNB formation inside the biofilms. In all types of biofilms tested, VNB formation leads to substantial local biofilm disruption, increasing tobramycin efficacy up to 1-3 orders of magnitude depending on the organism and treatment conditions. Altogether, our results support the potential of laser-induced VNBs as a new approach to disrupt biofilms of a broad range of organisms, resulting in improved antibiotic diffusion and more effective biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Teirlinck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Toon Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Katrien Forier
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Juan Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Heleen Van Acker
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Nele Matthijs
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
- IEMN UMR 8520, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59652, France.
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules UMR 8523, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59655, France.
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Pezzoni M, Pizarro RA, Costa CS. Exposure to low doses of UVA increases biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:673-684. [PMID: 30185068 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1480758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of bacterial biofilms on abiotic surfaces is a complex process regulated by multiple genetic regulators and environmental factors which are able to modulate the passage of planktonic cells to a sessile state. Solar ultraviolet-A radiation (UVA, 315-400) is one of the main environmental stress factors that bacteria must face at the Earth´s surface. The deleterious effects of UVA are mainly due to oxidative damage. This paper reports that exposure to low UVA doses promotes biofilm formation in three prototypical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a relevant opportunistic human pathogen. It demonstrates that exposure of planktonic cells to sublethal doses of UVA can increase cell surface hydrophobicity and swimming motility, two parameters known to favor cell adhesion. These results suggest that UVA radiation acts, at least in part, by promoting the first stages of biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pezzoni
- a Dpto. de Radiobiología , Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica , General San Martín , Argentina
| | - Ramón A Pizarro
- a Dpto. de Radiobiología , Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica , General San Martín , Argentina
| | - Cristina S Costa
- a Dpto. de Radiobiología , Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica , General San Martín , Argentina
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17
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Non-eluting, surface-bound enzymes disrupt surface attachment of bacteria by continuous biofilm polysaccharide degradation. Biomaterials 2018; 167:168-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Community Composition Determines Activity of Antibiotics against Multispecies Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00302-17. [PMID: 28696232 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00302-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, Staphylococcus aureus is typically the most prevalent organism, while in adults, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major pathogen. More recently, it was observed that also Streptococcus anginosus plays an important role in exacerbations of respiratory symptoms. These species are often coisolated from CF lungs, yet little is known about whether antibiotic killing of one species is influenced by the presence of others. In the present study, we compared the activities of various antibiotics against S. anginosus, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa when grown in monospecies biofilms with the activity observed in a multispecies biofilm. Our results show that differences in antibiotic activity against species grown in mono- and multispecies biofilms are species and antibiotic dependent. Fewer S. anginosus cells are killed by antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis (amoxicillin plus sulbactam, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, and vancomycin) in the presence of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, while for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tobramycin, no difference was observed. In addition, we observed that the cell-free supernatant of S. aureus, but not that of P. aeruginosa biofilms, also caused this decrease in killing. Overall, S. aureus was more affected by antibiotic treatment in a multispecies biofilm, while for P. aeruginosa, no differences were observed between growth in mono- or multispecies biofilms. The results of the present study suggest that it is important to take the community composition into account when evaluating the effect of antimicrobial treatments against certain species in mixed biofilms.
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19
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Mangalea MR, Borlee GI, Borlee BR. The Current Status of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Burkholderia pseudomallei. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-017-0118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Kłodzińska SN, Priemel PA, Rades T, Mørck Nielsen H. Inhalable Antimicrobials for Treatment of Bacterial Biofilm-Associated Sinusitis in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Challenges and Drug Delivery Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1688. [PMID: 27735846 PMCID: PMC5085720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm-associated chronic sinusitis in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and the lack of available treatments for such infections constitute a critical aspect of CF disease management. Currently, inhalation therapies to combat P. aeruginosa infections in CF patients are focused mainly on the delivery of antimicrobials to the lower respiratory tract, disregarding the sinuses. However, the sinuses constitute a reservoir for P. aeruginosa growth, leading to re-infection of the lungs, even after clearing an initial lung infection. Eradication of P. aeruginosa from the respiratory tract after a first infection has been shown to delay chronic pulmonary infection with the bacteria for up to two years. The challenges with providing a suitable treatment for bacterial sinusitis include: (i) identifying a suitable antimicrobial compound; (ii) selecting a suitable device to deliver the drug to the sinuses and nasal cavities; and (iii) applying a formulation design, which will mediate delivery of a high dose of the antimicrobial directly to the site of infection. This review highlights currently available inhalable antimicrobial formulations for treatment and management of biofilm infections caused by P. aeruginosa and discusses critical issues related to novel antimicrobial drug formulation design approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Natalie Kłodzińska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Petra Alexandra Priemel
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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In Situ Biomineralization and Particle Deposition Distinctively Mediate Biofilm Susceptibility to Chlorine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2886-92. [PMID: 26944848 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03954-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms and mineral precipitation commonly co-occur in engineered water systems, such as cooling towers and water purification systems, and both decrease process performance. Microbial biofilms are extremely challenging to control and eradicate. We previously showed that in situ biomineralization and the precipitation and deposition of abiotic particles occur simultaneously in biofilms under oversaturated conditions. Both processes could potentially alter the essential properties of biofilms, including susceptibility to biocides. However, the specific interactions between mineral formation and biofilm processes remain poorly understood. Here we show that the susceptibility of biofilms to chlorination depends specifically on internal transport processes mediated by biomineralization and the accumulation of abiotic mineral deposits. Using injections of the fluorescent tracer Cy5, we show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are more permeable to solutes after in situ calcite biomineralization and are less permeable after the deposition of abiotically precipitated calcite particles. We further show that biofilms are more susceptible to chlorine killing after biomineralization and less susceptible after particle deposition. Based on these observations, we found a strong correlation between enhanced solute transport and chlorine killing in biofilms, indicating that biomineralization and particle deposition regulate biofilm susceptibility by altering biocide penetration into the biofilm. The distinct effects of in situ biomineralization and particle deposition on biocide killing highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms and patterns of biomineralization and scale formation to achieve successful biofilm control.
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22
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Baker P, Hill PJ, Snarr BD, Alnabelseya N, Pestrak MJ, Lee MJ, Jennings LK, Tam J, Melnyk RA, Parsek MR, Sheppard DC, Wozniak DJ, Howell PL. Exopolysaccharide biosynthetic glycoside hydrolases can be utilized to disrupt and prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501632. [PMID: 27386527 PMCID: PMC4928890 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms present a significant medical challenge because they are recalcitrant to current therapeutic regimes. A key component of biofilm formation in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharides Pel and Psl, which are involved in the formation and maintenance of the structural biofilm scaffold and protection against antimicrobials and host defenses. Given that the glycoside hydrolases PelAh and PslGh encoded in the pel and psl biosynthetic operons, respectively, are utilized for in vivo exopolysaccharide processing, we reasoned that these would provide specificity to target P. aeruginosa biofilms. Evaluating these enzymes as potential therapeutics, we demonstrate that these glycoside hydrolases selectively target and degrade the exopolysaccharide component of the biofilm matrix. PelAh and PslGh inhibit biofilm formation over a 24-hour period with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 69.3 ± 1.2 and 4.1 ± 1.1 nM, respectively, and are capable of disrupting preexisting biofilms in 1 hour with EC50 of 35.7 ± 1.1 and 12.9 ± 1.1 nM, respectively. This treatment was effective against clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa isolates and reduced biofilm biomass by 58 to 94%. These noncytotoxic enzymes potentiated antibiotics because the addition of either enzyme to a sublethal concentration of colistin reduced viable bacterial counts by 2.5 orders of magnitude when used either prophylactically or on established 24-hour biofilms. In addition, PelAh was able to increase neutrophil killing by ~50%. This work illustrates the feasibility and benefits of using bacterial exopolysaccharide biosynthetic glycoside hydrolases to develop novel antibiofilm therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrin Baker
- Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Preston J. Hill
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brendan D. Snarr
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Noor Alnabelseya
- Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Pestrak
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark J. Lee
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Laura K. Jennings
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Tam
- Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Roman A. Melnyk
- Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Donald C. Sheppard
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Wozniak
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - P. Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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23
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Alshraiedeh NH, Higginbotham S, Flynn PB, Alkawareek MY, Tunney MM, Gorman SP, Graham WG, Gilmore BF. Eradication and phenotypic tolerance of Burkholderia cenocepacia biofilms exposed to atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:446-50. [PMID: 27179816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung infection with bacteria from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), and in particular B. cenocepacia, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). B. cenocepacia can spread from person to person and exhibits intrinsic broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance. Recently, atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasmas (APNTPs) have gained increasing attention as a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of a variety of hospital-acquired infections. In this study, we evaluated an in-house-designed kHz-driven plasma source for the treatment of biofilms of a number of clinical CF B. cenocepacia isolates. The results demonstrated that APNTP is an effective and efficient tool for the eradication of B. cenocepacia biofilms but that efficacy is highly variable across different isolates. Determination of phenotypic differences between isolates in an attempt to understand variability in plasma tolerance revealed that isolates which are highly tolerant to APNTP typically produce biofilms of greater biomass than their more sensitive counterparts. This indicates a potential role for biofilm matrix components in biofilm tolerance to APNTP exposure. Furthermore, significant isolate-dependent differences in catalase activity in planktonic bacteria positively correlated with phenotypic resistance to APNTP by isolates grown in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida H Alshraiedeh
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sarah Higginbotham
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Padrig B Flynn
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Sean P Gorman
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - William G Graham
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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24
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Tetz G, Vikina D, Tetz V. Antimicrobial activity of mul-1867, a novel antimicrobial compound, against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2016; 15:19. [PMID: 27001074 PMCID: PMC4802586 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-016-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds to treat various lung infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA). Methods We studied the potency of Mul-1867 against MDR-PA isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm eliminating concentrations (MBECs), defined as the concentrations of drug that kill 50 % (MBEC50), 90 % (MBEC90), and 100 % (MBEC100) of the bacteria in preformed biofilms, were determined by using the broth macrodilution method. Results Mul-1867 exhibited significant activity against MDR-PA and susceptible control strains, with MICs ranging from 1.0 to 8.0 µg/mL. Mul-1867 also possesses anti-biofilm activity against mucoid and non-mucoid 24-h-old MDR-PA biofilms. The MBEC50 value was equal to onefold the MIC. The MBEC90 value ranged from two to fourfold the MIC. Moreover, Mul-1867 completely eradicated mature biofilms at the concentrations tested, with MBEC100 values ranging between 16- and 32-fold the MIC. Mul-1867 was non-toxic to Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at concentrations up to 256 µg/mL. Conclusion Overall, these data indicate that Mul-1867 is a promising locally acting antimicrobial for the treatment and prevention of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tetz
- TGV-Laboratories LLC, 303 5th avenue, # 2012, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Daria Vikina
- Institute of Human Microbiology, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Victor Tetz
- Institute of Human Microbiology, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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25
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Wang Y, Andole Pannuri A, Ni D, Zhou H, Cao X, Lu X, Romeo T, Huang Y. Structural Basis for Translocation of a Biofilm-supporting Exopolysaccharide across the Bacterial Outer Membrane. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10046-57. [PMID: 26957546 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The partially de-N-acetylated poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (dPNAG) polymer serves as an intercellular biofilm adhesin that plays an essential role for the development and maintenance of integrity of biofilms of diverse bacterial species. Translocation of dPNAG across the bacterial outer membrane is mediated by a tetratricopeptide repeat-containing outer membrane protein, PgaA. To understand the molecular basis of dPNAG translocation, we determined the crystal structure of the C-terminal transmembrane domain of PgaA (residues 513-807). The structure reveals that PgaA forms a 16-strand transmembrane β-barrel, closed by four loops on the extracellular surface. Half of the interior surface of the barrel that lies parallel to the translocation pathway is electronegative, suggesting that the corresponding negatively charged residues may assist the secretion of the positively charged dPNAG polymer. In vivo complementation assays in a pgaA deletion bacterial strain showed that a cluster of negatively charged residues proximal to the periplasm is necessary for biofilm formation. Biochemical analyses further revealed that the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of PgaA binds directly to the N-deacetylase PgaB and is critical for biofilm formation. Our studies support a model in which the positively charged PgaB-bound dPNAG polymer is delivered to PgaA through the PgaA-PgaB interaction and is further targeted to the β-barrel lumen of PgaA potentially via a charge complementarity mechanism, thus priming the translocation of dPNAG across the bacterial outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Archana Andole Pannuri
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0700
| | - Dongchun Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Haizhen Zhou
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiou Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, the Eighth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523325, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tony Romeo
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0700,
| | - Yihua Huang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
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26
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The Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Hamamelitannin Increases Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Affecting Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis and eDNA Release. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20321. [PMID: 26828772 PMCID: PMC4734334 DOI: 10.1038/srep20321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections has become increasingly challenging due to the rapid emergence and dissemination of methicillin-resistant strains. In addition, S. aureus reside within biofilms at the site of infection. Few novel antibacterial agents have been developed in recent years and their bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity results in selective pressure, inevitably inducing antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, innovative antimicrobials with other modes of action are urgently needed. One alternative approach is targeting the bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system. Hamamelitannin (2′,5-di-O-galloyl-d-hamamelose; HAM) was previously suggested to block QS through the TraP QS system and was shown to increase S. aureus biofilm susceptibility towards vancomycin (VAN) although mechanistic insights are still lacking. In the present study we provide evidence that HAM specifically affects S. aureus biofilm susceptibility through the TraP receptor by affecting cell wall synthesis and extracellular DNA release of S. aureus. We further provide evidence that HAM can increase the susceptibility of S. aureus biofilms towards different classes of antibiotics in vitro. Finally, we show that HAM increases the susceptibility of S. aureus to antibiotic treatment in in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse mammary gland infection models.
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27
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Vandecandelaere I, Van Acker H, Coenye T. A Microplate-Based System as In Vitro Model of Biofilm Growth and Quantification. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1333:53-66. [PMID: 26468099 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2854-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a 96-well microtiter plate-based system as an in vitro model for biofilm formation and quantification. Although in vitro assays are artificial systems and thus significantly differ from in vivo conditions, they represent an important tool to evaluate biofilm formation and the effect of compounds on biofilms. Stainings to evaluate the amount of biomass (crystal violet staining) and the number of metabolically active cells (resazurin assay) are discussed and specific attention is paid to the use of this model to quantify persisters in sessile populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Vandecandelaere
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Heleen Van Acker
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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28
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Activity of Tobramycin against Cystic Fibrosis Isolates of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Grown as Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:348-55. [PMID: 26503664 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02068-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is associated with more-rapid lung function decline and earlier death than in CF patients without this infection. In this study, we used confocal microscopy to visualize the effects of various concentrations of tobramycin, achievable with systemic and aerosolized drug administration, on mature B. cepacia complex biofilms, both in the presence and absence of CF sputum. After 24 h of growth, biofilm thickness was significantly reduced by exposure to 2,000 μg/ml of tobramycin for Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia multivorans, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis; 200 μg/ml of tobramycin was sufficient to reduce the thickness of Burkholderia dolosa biofilm. With a more mature 48-h biofilm, significant reductions in thickness were seen with tobramycin at concentrations of ≥100 μg/ml for all Burkholderia species. In addition, an increased ratio of dead to live cells was observed in comparison to control with tobramycin concentrations of ≥200 μg/ml for B. cepacia and B. dolosa (24 h) and ≥100 μg/ml for Burkholderia cenocepacia and B. dolosa (48 h). Although sputum significantly increased biofilm thickness, tobramycin concentrations of 1,000 μg/ml were still able to significantly reduce biofilm thickness of all B. cepacia complex species with the exception of B. vietnamiensis. In the presence of sputum, 1,000 μg/ml of tobramycin significantly increased the dead-to-live ratio only for B. multivorans compared to control. In summary, although killing is attenuated, high-dose tobramycin can effectively decrease the thickness of B. cepacia complex biofilms, even in the presence of sputum, suggesting a possible role as a suppressive therapy in CF.
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29
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Murphy MP, Caraher E. Residence in biofilms allows Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria to evade the antimicrobial activities of neutrophil-like dHL60 cells. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv069. [PMID: 26371179 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) persist in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) despite the continuous recruitment of neutrophils. Most members of Bcc are multidrug resistant and can form biofilms. As such, we sought to investigate whether biofilm formation plays a role in protecting Bcc bacteria from neutrophils. Using the neutrophil-like, differentiated cell line, dHL60, we have shown for the first time that Bcc biofilms are enhanced in the presence of these cells. Biofilm biomass was greater following culture in the presence of dHL60 cells than in their absence, likely the result of incorporating dHL60 cellular debris into the biofilm. Moreover, we have demonstrated that mature biofilms (cultured for up to 72 h) induced necrosis in the cells. Established biofilms also acted as a barrier to the migration of the cells and masked the bacteria from being recognized by the cells; dHL60 cells expressed less IL-8 mRNA and secreted significantly less IL-8 when cultured in the presence of biofilms, with respect to planktonic bacteria. Our findings provide evidence that biofilm formation can, at least partly, enable the persistence of Bcc bacteria in the CF airway and emphasize a requirement for anti-biofilm therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Murphy
- Centre for Microbial-Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Emma Caraher
- Centre for Microbial-Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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30
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The antimicrobial potential of ionic liquids: A source of chemical diversity for infection and biofilm control. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Dobrynina OY, Bolshakova TN, Umyarov AM, Boksha IS, Lavrova NV, Grishin AV, Lyashchuk AM, Galushkina ZM, Avetisian LR, Chernukha MY, Shaginian IA, Lunin VG, Karyagina AS. Disruption of bacterial biofilms using recombinant dispersin B. Microbiology (Reading) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261715040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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32
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Jakubovics NS, Burgess JG. Extracellular DNA in oral microbial biofilms. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:531-7. [PMID: 25862975 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of microbial biofilms is critical for surface adhesion and nutrient homeostasis. Evidence is accumulating that extracellular DNA plays a number of important roles in biofilm integrity and formation on hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity. Here, we summarise recent developments in the field and consider the potential of targeting DNA for oral biofilm control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Grant Burgess
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, UK
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33
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d'Angelo I, Conte C, La Rotonda MI, Miro A, Quaglia F, Ungaro F. Improving the efficacy of inhaled drugs in cystic fibrosis: challenges and emerging drug delivery strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:92-111. [PMID: 24842473 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians associated with early death. Although the faulty gene is expressed in epithelia throughout the body, lung disease is still responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality of CF patients. As a local delivery route, pulmonary administration represents an ideal way to treat respiratory infections, excessive inflammation and other manifestations typical of CF lung disease. Nonetheless, important determinants of the clinical outcomes of inhaled drugs are the concentration/permanence at the lungs as well as the ability of the drug to overcome local extracellular and cellular barriers. This review focuses on emerging delivery strategies used for local treatment of CF pulmonary disease. After a brief description of the disease and formulation rules dictated by CF lung barriers, it describes current and future trends in inhaled drugs for CF. The most promising advanced formulations are discussed, highlighting the advantages along with the major challenges for researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana d'Angelo
- Di.S.T.A.B.i.F., Second University of Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata La Rotonda
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnese Miro
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Ungaro
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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34
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Cavaliere R, Ball JL, Turnbull L, Whitchurch CB. The biofilm matrix destabilizers, EDTA and DNaseI, enhance the susceptibility of nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae biofilms to treatment with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Microbiologyopen 2014; 3:557-67. [PMID: 25044339 PMCID: PMC4287182 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes chronic biofilm infections of the ears and airways. The biofilm matrix provides structural integrity to the biofilm and protects biofilm cells from antibiotic exposure by reducing penetration of antimicrobial compounds into the biofilm. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) has been found to be a major matrix component of biofilms formed by many species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including NTHi. Interestingly, the cation chelator ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) has been shown to reduce the matrix strength of biofilms of several bacterial species as well as to have bactericidal activity against various pathogens. EDTA exerts its antimicrobial activity by chelating divalent cations necessary for growth and membrane stability and by destabilizing the matrix thus enhancing the detachment of bacterial cells from the biofilm. In this study, we have explored the role of divalent cations in NTHi biofilm development and stability. We have utilized in vitro static and continuous flow models of biofilm development by NTHi to demonstrate that magnesium cations enhance biofilm formation by NTHi. We found that the divalent cation chelator EDTA is effective at both preventing NTHi biofilm formation and at treating established NTHi biofilms. Furthermore, we found that the matrix destablilizers EDTA and DNaseI increase the susceptibility of NTHi biofilms to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Our observations indicate that DNaseI and EDTA enhance the efficacy of antibiotic treatment of NTHi biofilms. These observations may lead to new strategies that will improve the treatment options available to patients with chronic NTHi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Cavaliere
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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35
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Denman CC, Robinson MT, Sass AM, Mahenthiralingam E, Brown AR. Growth on mannitol-rich media elicits a genome-wide transcriptional response in Burkholderia multivorans that impacts on multiple virulence traits in an exopolysaccharide-independent manner. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 160:187-197. [PMID: 24196427 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.072975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In common with other members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), Burkholderia multivorans is capable of producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) when grown on certain mannitol-rich media. The significance of the resulting mucoid phenotype and the genome-wide response to mannitol has never been characterized despite its clinical relevance following the approval of a dried-powder preparation of mannitol as an inhaled osmolyte therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In the present study we defined the transcriptional response of B. multivorans ATCC 17616, a model genome-sequenced strain of environmental origin, to growth on mannitol-rich yeast extract media (MYEM). EPS-dependent and -independent impact of MYEM on virulence-associated traits was assessed in both strain ATCC 17616 and the CF isolate B. multivorans C1576. Our studies revealed a significant transcriptional response to MYEM encompassing approximately 23 % of predicted genes within the genome. Strikingly, this transcriptional response identified that EPS induction occurs in ATCC 17616 without the upregulation of the bce-I and bce-II EPS gene clusters, despite their pivotal role in EPS biosynthesis. Of approximately 20 differentially expressed putative virulence factors, 16 exhibited upregulation including flagella, ornibactin, oxidative stress proteins and phospholipases. MYEM-grown B. multivorans also exhibited enhanced motility, biofilm formation and epithelial cell invasion. In contrast to these potential virulence enhancements, MYEM-grown B. multivorans C1576 showed attenuated virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model. All of the observed phenotypic responses occurred independently of EPS production, highlighting the profound impact that mannitol-based growth has on the physiology and virulence of B. multivorans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Denman
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Matthew T Robinson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrea M Sass
- Organisms & Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
- Organisms & Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alan R Brown
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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