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Wang Y, Mou Y, Lu S, Xia Y, Cheng B. Polymethoxylated flavonoids in citrus fruits: absorption, metabolism, and anticancer mechanisms against breast cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16711. [PMID: 38188169 PMCID: PMC10771093 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) are a subclass of flavonoids found in citrus fruits that have shown multifunctional biological activities and potential anticancer effects against breast cancer. We studied the absorption, metabolism, species source, toxicity, anti-cancer mechanisms, and molecular targets of PMFs to better utilize their anticancer activity against breast cancer. We discuss the absorption and metabolism of PMFs in the body, including the methylation, demethylation, and hydroxylation processes. The anticancer mechanisms of PMFs against breast cancer were also reviewed, including the estrogen activity, cytochrome P-450 enzyme system, and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibition, along with various molecular targets and potential anticancer effects. Although PMFs may be advantageous in the prevention and treatment for breast cancer, there is a lack of clinical evidence and data to support their efficacy. Despite their promise, there is still a long way to go before PMFs can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Mou
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, China
| | - Senlin Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Chong Qing Wan Zhou Health Center for Women and Children, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhua Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Key Lab of Xinjiang Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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2
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Anto EM, Sruthi CR, Krishnan L, Raghu KG, Purushothaman J. Tangeretin alleviates Tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated complications in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:151-165. [PMID: 36653727 PMCID: PMC10050522 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and associated oxidative stress are involved in the genesis and progression of skeletal muscle diseases such as myositis and atrophy or muscle wasting. Targeting the ER stress and associated downstream pathways can aid in the development of better treatment strategies for these diseases with limited therapeutic approaches. There is a growing interest in identifying natural products against ER stress due to the lower toxicity and cost effectiveness. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of Tangeretin, a citrus methoxyflavone found in citrus peels against Tunicamycin (pharmacological ER stress inducer)-induced ER stress and associated complications in rat skeletal muscle L6 cell lines. Treatment with Tunicamycin for a period of 24 h resulted in the upregulation of ER stress marker proteins, ER resident oxidoreductases and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Co-treatment with Tangeretin was effective in alleviating Tunicamycin-induced ER stress and associated redox-related complications by significantly downregulating the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER resident oxidoreductase proteins, cellular ROS and improving the antioxidant enzyme activity. Tunicamycin also induced upregulation of phosphorylated p38 MAP Kinase and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Tangeretin significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated p38 MAP Kinase and improved the mitochondrial membrane potential. From the results, it is evident that Tangeretin can be explored further as a potential candidate for skeletal muscle diseases involving protein misfolding and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Anto
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - C R Sruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lekshmy Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Jayamurthy Purushothaman
- Department of Biochemistry, Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Peng Q, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Bao F, Deng J, Li W. Polymethoxyflavones from citrus peel: advances in extraction methods, biological properties, and potential applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5618-5630. [PMID: 36530054 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2156476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus peel, as an effective component of citrus by-products, contains a large number of natural active components, including pectin, vitamins, dietary fiber, essential oil, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and so on. With the development of the circular economy, citrus peel has attracted extensive concern in the food industry. The exploitation of citrus peel would assist in excavating potential properties and alleviating the environmental burden. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) exist almost in citrus peel, which have remarkable biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity. Therefore, PMFs from citrus peel have the potential to develop as dietary supplements in the near future. Collectively, it is essential to take action to optimize the extraction conditions of PMFs and make the most of the extracts. This review mainly compiles several extraction methods and bioactivities of PMFs from citrus peel and introduces different applications including food processing, pharmaceutical industry, and plant rhizosphere to develop better utilization of citrus PMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxuan Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance, and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance, and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Guo S, Wu X, Zheng J, Song M, Dong P, Xiao H. Anti-Inflammatory Property of 5-Demethylnobiletin (5-Hydroxy-6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone) and Its Metabolites in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1820. [PMID: 36552328 PMCID: PMC9775120 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a unique class of flavonoid compounds mainly found in citrus plants. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of one major 5-hydroxy PMF, namely 5-demethylnobiletin (5DN) and its metabolites 5, 3'-didemethylnobiletin (M1), 5, 4'-didemethylnobiletin (M2), and 5, 3', 4'-tridemethylnobiletin (M3) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that M2 and M3 produced stronger inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide (NO) than their parent compound at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that M2 and M3 significantly decreased iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. The results also showed that M1 and M3 induced heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) gene expression. Overall, our results demonstrated that metabolites of 5DN significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and generally possessed more potent anti-inflammatory activity than the parent compound, 5DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Wei CC, Li SW, Wu CT, How CM, Pan MH. Dietary Methylglyoxal Exposure Induces Alzheimer's Disease by Promoting Amyloid β Accumulation and Disrupting Autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10011-10021. [PMID: 35917150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a precursor of advanced glycation end products usually generated during cooking. The high level of MG in the brain is correlated to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear if MG consumed through the diet can cause AD-related toxicity. Herein, the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) AD model was used to investigate the neurotoxicity after long-term MG exposure at dietary levels. The results showed that C. elegans locomotive behaviors were significantly decreased after 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM MG exposure (p < 0.001). In amyloid β (Aβ)-expressing transgenic C. elegans strains, 0.5 mM MG significantly promoted Aβ accumulation by around 50% in day-8 CL2006 (p < 0.001), enhanced paralysis in CL4176 (p < 0.001) and CL2006 (p < 0.01), and made CL2355 around 17% more vulnerable to 5-HT, indicating impaired serotonin reuptake (p < 0.05). Additionally, 0.5 mM MG significantly increased the reactive oxygen species level (p < 0.001) by inhibiting the expression of stress-response genes including sod-3, gst-4, and hsp-16.2 in day-8 aged worms. Moreover, the autophagic pathway was disrupted through lgg-1, vps-34, and bec-1 expression after MG exposure and Aβ accumulation. Treatment with the citrus flavonoid nobiletin reduced the MG-induced toxicity (p < 0.001). Overall, these findings imply that it is possible to exacerbate AD pathogenesis by MG exposure through the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chia-Tung Wu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Chun Ming How
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Li BQ, Li ZY, Li XK, Tan LF. Development and validation of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method for quantitative determination of four target flavonoids components in citrus samples. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new method for the analysis of four target flavonoids in two kinds of citrus samples by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) method was developed. Main variables affecting the UHPSFC separation were optimized, and under the optimized conditions the four target compounds (tangeretin, nobiletin, hesperetin and naringenin) can be separated within 10 min. The UHPSFC method allowed the determination of the four target compounds in the diluted stock solutions with limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 1.08 to 2.28 μg mL−1, and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 1.45 to 4.52 μg mL−1, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R
2) of the calibration curves were higher than 0.9950. The recoveries of the four target compounds at three different concentrations were in the range of 82.4–117.6%. The validation results demonstrated that the proposed method is simple, accurate, time-saving and environment friendly, and it is applicable to a variety of complex samples such as medicine-food dual purpose herbs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Qiong Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Ze Ying Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Xin Kang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
| | - Lin Fan Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, PR China
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Su B, Tian J, Liu M, Wang K, Yang W, Ning J, Li Y, Zheng G. Analysis of the chemical components of pomelo peels (Citrus grandis [L.] Osbeck) from different cultivars by using supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3031-3042. [PMID: 35608564 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Five pomelo cultivars (i.e., Citrus grandis cv. Shatianyou, Citrus grandis cv. Guanximiyou, Citrus grandis cv. Yuhuanyou, Citrus grandis cv. Duweiwendanyou and Citrus grandis cv. Liangpingyou) from different origins in China were selected to analyse their components by using supercritical CO2 fluid extraction coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 45 compounds were identified in the supercritical CO2 fluid extracts of the pomelo peels from the five cultivars. These compounds included 8 flavonoids, 18 coumarins, 4 organic acids, 3 aldehydes and 12 other compounds, which were identified using the obtained MS data and by comparison with commercial standards, Orbitrap Chinese Traditional Medicine Library and previous literature. Twenty-five of the identified compounds were detected for the first time in the pomelo peel extracts. Results suggested that the pomelo peels of C. grandis cv. Shatianyou contained the most natural chemical compositions. The pooled result may offer a scientific evidence for further development and utilisation of pomelo peels and a route for screening appropriate varieties for various demands. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Su
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jingyuan Tian
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Mengshi Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Kanghui Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wanling Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jinrong Ning
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
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Zapotin, a Polymethoxyflavone, with Potential Therapeutic Attributes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413227. [PMID: 34948021 PMCID: PMC8705526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plants as traditional medicines is common and has prevailed in many different cultures over time. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are natural polyphenols from the group of flavonoids. Zapotin, a member of the PMFs, is found mainly in citrus plants and is almost exclusively limited to their peels. The chemical structure of zapotin has been questioned from the very beginning, since the structure of flavonoids with a single oxygen atom in the C2′ position is extremely rare in the plant kingdom. To clarify this, the structural determination and bio-inspired synthesis of zapotin are discussed in detail in this review. Due to the broad biological potential of PMFs, the complication in the isolation process and characterization of PMFs, as well as their purification, have been estimated by adapting various chromatographic methods. According to available data from the literature, zapotin may be a promising curative agent with extensive biological activities, especially as a chemopreventive factor. Apart from that, zapotin acts as an antidepressant-like, anticancer, antifungal, and antioxidant agent. Finally, accessible studies about zapotin metabolism (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) underline its potential in use as a therapeutic substance.
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Fatima T, Mian AH, Khan Z, Khan AM, Anwar F, Tariq A, Sardar M. Citrus sinensis a potential solution against superbugs. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li Z, Chen X, Qiu L, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Nano Porous Carbon Derived from Citrus Pomace for the Separation and Purification of PMFs in Citrus Processing Wastes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:nano10101914. [PMID: 32992899 PMCID: PMC7600721 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The by-product of citrus juice processing is a huge source of bioactive compounds, especially polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) and fibers. In this study, a method for the separation and purification of PMFs from citrus pomace was established based on citrus nanoporous carbon (CNPC) enrichment. Different biomass porous carbons were synthesized, their adsorption/desorption characteristics were evaluated, and the CNPCs from the peel of Citrus tangerina Tanaka were found to be best for the enrichment of PMFs from the crude extracts of citrus pomace. Using this method, six PMF compounds including low-abundant PMFs in citrus fruits such as 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone can be simultaneously obtained, and the purities of these compounds were all higher than 95%, with the highest purity of nobiletin reaching 99.96%. Therefore, CNPCs have a great potential for the separation and purification of PMFs in citrus processing wastes, potentially improving the added value of citrus wastes. We also provide a method reference for disposing of citrus pomace in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lulu Qiu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (L.Q.); (Y.W.)
- The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Banan District, Chongqing 400054, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
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Wen X, Zhao H, Wang L, Wang L, Du G, Guan W, Liu J, Cao X, Jiang X, Tian J, Wang M, Ho CT, Li S. Nobiletin Attenuates DSS-Induced Intestinal Barrier Damage through the HNF4α-Claudin-7 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4641-4649. [PMID: 32249565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium barrier functions to protect human bodies from damages such as harmful microorganisms, antigens, and toxins. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect and molecular mechanism of a dominant polymethoxyflavone nobiletin (NOB) from tangerine peels on intestinal epithelial integrity. The results from transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) suggested that NOB pretreatment counteracts epithelial injury induced by inflammatory cytokines (TEER value in 48 h: vehicle, 135.6 ± 3.9 Ω/cm2; TNF-α + IL-1β, 90.7 ± 0.5 Ω/cm2; 10 μM NOB + TNF-α + IL-1β, 126.1 ± 0.8 Ω/cm2; 100 μM NOB + TNF-α + IL-1β, 125.3 ± 0.5 Ω/cm2. P < 0.001). Clinical and pathological test results suggested that administration of NOB effectively alleviates intestinal barrier injury induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) as evidenced by the length of colon villi on day 7 (control, 253.7 ± 4.8 μm, DSS 131.6 ± 4.6 μm, NOB + DSS, 234.5 ± 5.1 μm. P < 0.001). Interestingly, when screening tight junction molecules for intestinal barrier integrity, we observed that independent treatment with NOB sharply increased claudin-7 levels (ratio of claudin-7 over GAPDH: control, 1.0 ± 0.06; DSS, 0.02 ± 0.001; NOB + DSS, 0.3 ± 0.07. P < 0.001), which was previously suppressed upon DSS stimulation. Furthermore, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF-4α) transcriptional regulation of claudin-7 contributed to intestinal barrier homeostasis. Therefore, our study suggests potential intestinal protective strategies based on polymethoxyflavones of aged tangerine peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Gang Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jianfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Histlolgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jingrui Tian
- Department of Histlolgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Wijaya W, Zheng H, Zheng T, Su S, Patel AR, Van der Meeren P, Huang Q. Improved bioaccessibility of polymethoxyflavones loaded into high internal phase emulsions stabilized by biopolymeric complexes: A dynamic digestion study via TNO's gastrointestinal model. Curr Res Food Sci 2019; 2:11-19. [PMID: 32914106 PMCID: PMC7473367 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the bioaccessibility of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) loaded in high internal phase emulsions (HIPE, ϕoil = 0.82) stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI)-low methoxy pectin (LMP) complexes was evaluated using in vitro lipolysis and dynamic in vitro intestinal digestion studies. PMFs loaded HIPE was prepared by using aqueous dispersion of pre-formed biopolymeric complexes (WPI-LMP, 2:1 ratio) as the external phase and medium chain triglycerides oil (containing PMFs extracted from citrus peel) as the dispersed phase. The in vitro lipolysis study revealed that PMFs in HIPE became bioaccessible much higher than PMFs in medium chain triacylglycerols oil (MCT oil). In addition, by simulating the entire human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the GI model TIM-1 demonstrated a 5- and 2-fold increase in the total bioaccessibility for two major PMFs encapsulated in HIPE, i.e. tangeretin (TAN) and nobiletin (NOB), respectively, as opposed to PMFs in MCT oil. Together these results from the digestion study showed that the incorporation of a high amount of PMFs into the viscoelastic matrix of HIPE could represent an innovative and effective way to design an oral delivery system. Such a system could be used to control and to improve the delivery of lipophilic bioactive compounds within the different compartments of the digestive tract, especially the human upper GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Wijaya
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Shiwei Su
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ashok R Patel
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Paul Van der Meeren
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Mahato N, Sinha M, Sharma K, Koteswararao R, Cho MH. Modern Extraction and Purification Techniques for Obtaining High Purity Food-Grade Bioactive Compounds and Value-Added Co-Products from Citrus Wastes. Foods 2019; 8:E523. [PMID: 31652773 PMCID: PMC6915388 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus contains a range of highly beneficial bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins that show antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and help in building the body's immune system. On consumption or processing, approximately 50% of the fruit remains as inedible waste, which includes peels, seeds, pulp, and segment residues. This waste still consists of substantial quantities of bioactive compounds that cause environmental pollution and are harmful to the ecosystem because of their high biological oxygen demand. In recent years, citrus cultivation and the production of processed foods have become a major agricultural industry. In addition to being a substantial source of economy, it is an ideal and sustainable and renewable resource for obtaining bioactive compounds and co-products for food and pharmaceutical industries. In the present article, the various methods of extraction, conventional and modern, as well as separation and isolation of individual bioactive compounds from the extraction mixture and their determination have been reviewed. This article presents both aspects of extraction methods, i.e., on a small laboratory scale and on an industrial mass scale. These methods and techniques have been extensively and critically reviewed with anticipated future perspectives towards the maximum utilization of the citrus waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Mahato
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Mukty Sinha
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palej, Gandhinagar 382 355, India.
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.
| | - Rakoti Koteswararao
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Palej, Gandhinagar 382 355, India.
| | - Moo Hwan Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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14
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Yang G, Lin CC, Yang Y, Yuan L, Wang P, Wen X, Pan MH, Zhao H, Ho CT, Li S. Nobiletin Prevents Trimethylamine Oxide-Induced Vascular Inflammation via Inhibition of the NF-κB/MAPK Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6169-6176. [PMID: 31117553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary choline and its containing foods are biotransformed to trimethylamine (TMA) via gut microbial metabolism. Subsequently, as an intermediate molecule, TMA is quickly transported and oxidized in the liver by hepatic flavin monooxygenases to form trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). TMAO was treated as a waste byproduct from choline metabolism, but recent convincing evidence demonstrated the association between the small molecule TMAO and inflammation-related diseases, including blood vessel inflammation and vascular diseases. The scope of this study is to investigate the preventive effect of nobiletin on TMAO-induced blood vessel inflammation. Our results from Western blot showed that the inhibition of TMAO-induced cardiovascular inflammation was correlated with nobiletin-mediated inhibitory effects on NF-κB and MAPK/ERK related pathways. More specifically, nobiletin prevented the oxidative damage of vascular sites (proximal aorta), inhibited the activity of MAPK/ERK, reduced the expression of NF-κB p65 and phospho-NF-κB p65, and consequently decreased the inflammatory response. Flow cytometry analyses showed that nobiletin decreased TMAO-induced apoptosis of HUVEC cells and counteracted TMAO-induced HUVEC cell proliferation. Results from HE staining and immunohistochemical results also showed that nobiletin reduced the degree of inflammation of the proximal aorta in Sprague-Dawley rats. In summary, nobiletin significantly reduced TMAO-induced vascular inflammation via inhibition of the NF-κB/MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guliang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin 300072 , China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Processing, Food Science and Engineering College , Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , China
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science , National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung 40227 , Taiwan
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
| | - Li Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
| | - Peilei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
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15
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Simultaneous separation of six pure polymethoxyflavones from sweet orange peel extract by high performance counter current chromatography. Food Chem 2019; 292:160-165. [PMID: 31054661 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful isolation of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from citrus peels has led to numerous evaluations of PMFs in a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as inhibition of chronic inflammation, cancer prevention and anti-atherogenic properties. Recent reports associated with the health promoting properties of PMFs in citrus fruits have dramatically increased. However, the limiting factor in animal and human study of PMFs is still the supply of pure PMFs, such as tangeretin, nobiletin, sinensetin and 3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone. Herein, we introduce the newly developed efficient separation method using high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) in isolating multiple pure single PMFs simultaneously in one cycle process. With the smallest preparation loop on the semi-preparative HPCCC instrument, the optimized solvent system of hexanes/ethyl acetate/methanol/water resulted in the isolation of pure sinensetin, tangeretin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone directly from crude sweet orange peel extract in one cycle of separation process by HPCCC in the mode of reverse phase. The purity of each of the six isolated PMFs is greater than 96.6% analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Scale-up and high purity of individual PMFs can be separated by using a large separation loop in preparative HPCCC model. The renovated HPCCC methodology can be practically used in natural product isolation and consequent biological property evaluation.
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Ning F, Wang X, Zheng H, Zhang K, Bai C, Peng H, Huang Q, Xiong H. Improving the bioaccessibility and in vitro absorption of 5-demethylnobiletin from chenpi by se-enriched peanut protein nanoparticles-stabilized pickering emulsion. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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17
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Yang Y, Liang Y, Yang J, Ye F, Zhou T, Gongke L. Advances of supercritical fluid chromatography in lipid profiling. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:1-8. [PMID: 30740251 PMCID: PMC6355828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) meets with great favor due to its high efficiency, low organic solvent consumption, and the specialty for the identification of the isomeric species. This review describes the advances of SFC in targeted and untargeted lipid profiling. The advancement of the SFC instruments and the stationary phases are summarized. Typical applications of SFC to the targeted and untargeted lipid profiling are discussed in detail. Moreover, the perspectives of SFC in the lipid profiling are also proposed. As a useful and promising tool for investigating lipids in vitro and in vivo, SFC will predictably obtain further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanshan Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jina Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengying Ye
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Gongke
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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18
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Guo S, Wu X, Zheng J, Charoensinphon N, Dong P, Qiu P, Song M, Tang Z, Xiao H. Anti-inflammatory effect of xanthomicrol, a major colonic metabolite of 5-demethyltangeretin. Food Funct 2018; 9:3104-3113. [PMID: 29808211 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
5-Demethyltengeretin (5DT) is a citrus flavonoid with various potential health benefits. To provide physiologically relevant information on the anti-inflammatory properties of 5DT, we identified the major metabolite of 5DT in the mouse colon and established its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. CD-1 mice were fed with a 5DT-containing diet for four weeks, and colonic mucosa samples were collected and subjected to LC-MS analysis. Xanthomicrol (XAN) was identified as the major metabolite of 5DT in the mouse colon. More importantly, the colonic level of XAN was about 3.1-fold higher than that of 5DT. The anti-inflammatory effects of 5DT and XAN were determined in LPS-stimulated macrophages. XAN produced significant inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide and PGE2. Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that XAN greatly decreased the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS as well as the protein level of COX-2. Furthermore, XAN also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and induced the expression of anti-oxidative enzyme HO-1. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that XAN is a major metabolite of 5DT in the colon of mice fed with 5DT, and XAN may play important roles in the anti-inflammatory effects elicited by orally administered 5DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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19
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Synergistic Anticancer Effect of a Combination of Paclitaxel and 5-Demethylnobiletin Against Lung Cancer Cell Line In Vitro and In Vivo. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1328-1343. [PMID: 30229430 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a highly prevalent disease and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, exploring antitumor drugs derived from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine is increasingly becoming an attractive area of research. Paclitaxel (PTX), a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug, is widely used for treating different cancers; however, the clinical use of PTX is dose limited because of its adverse side effects. Chemotherapeutic agents are being developed to enhance the anticancer activity of PTX, particularly for use in combination therapy. 5-Demethylnobiletin (5-DMN), a natural, active compound isolated from orange peel, has been reported to induce apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. In this study, we tested the synergistic anticancer antiproliferative effects of combinations of PTX and 5-DMN on CL1-5 lung cancer cells through the MTT and propidium iodide assays. After low-dose combination treatments (PTX and 5-DMN), a reduction in cell viability and a concomitant increase in apoptosis were observed in the CL1-5 cells. We propose that 5-DMN cooperates with PTX to induce apoptosis via the caspase pathway (by modulating caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities). Furthermore, we observed that the combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth in the nude mouse xenograft model. The results suggest that the synergistic effects of PTX and 5-DMN in lung cancer cells deserve particular attention and indicate the possibility of developing additional new strategies for treating lung cancer.
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20
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Supercritical Fluid Chromatography as a Technique to Fractionate High-Valued Compounds from Lipids. SEPARATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/separations5030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are in high demand these days due to rising awareness among consumers. Healthy diets, especially those in emerging markets, growth in populations with nutritional deficiencies, and supporting government regulations provide high growth opportunities for these compounds. However, extraction of high-valued compounds from natural sources is not an easy task. Natural products are complex matrices, with relevant compounds present in small amounts and often mixed with other compounds of similar structures. Most of the applications are related to the pharmaceutical sector, but interest in food and natural products is growing fast. Lipid and carbohydrate extracts are examples of starting materials employed to purify these relevant compounds. At the same time supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is an emerging technique for preparative separation due to (1) use of supercritical fluids, commonly carbon dioxide, giving a large reduction in use of organic solvents; and (2) new hardware has been made commercially available recently that makes SFC a viable option. SFC fulfills high demands with respect to selectivity, versatility and sensibility. Fractionation or purification by SFC of high-valued compounds from natural sources is an interesting option, the relevance of which will increase in the future. This paper is a survey of trends and applications of SFC in the field of natural products purification.
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21
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Huang Y, Tang G, Zhang T, Fillet M, Crommen J, Jiang Z. Supercritical fluid chromatography in traditional Chinese medicine analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:65-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Ibrahim UK, Kamarrudin N, Suzihaque MUH, Abd Hashib S. Local Fruit Wastes as a Potential Source of Natural Antioxidant: An Overview. IOP CONFERENCE SERIES: MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017; 206:012040. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/206/1/012040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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23
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Russo M, Rigano F, Arigò A, Sciarrone D, Calabrò ML, Farnetti S, Dugo P, Mondello L. Rapid isolation, reliable characterization, and water solubility improvement of polymethoxyflavones from cold-pressed mandarin essential oil. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2018-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Russo
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l, c/o; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Adriana Arigò
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Danilo Sciarrone
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Calabrò
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Sara Farnetti
- Division of Cellular Transplantation of surgery, Diabetes Research Institute; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
| | - Paola Dugo
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l, c/o; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- “Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali” Department; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l, c/o; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome; Rome Italy
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24
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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. Molecules 2016; 21:247. [PMID: 26907240 PMCID: PMC6273684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently the search for new drugs from natural resources is of growing interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Natural products have been the source of new drugs since ancient times. Plants are a good source of secondary metabolites which have been found to have beneficial properties. The present study is a review of the chemistry and pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. This review reveals the therapeutic potential of C. sinensis as a source of natural compounds with important activities that are beneficial for human health that could be used to develop new drugs.
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25
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Li YR, Li S, Ho CT, Chang YH, Tan KT, Chung TW, Wang BY, Chen YK, Lin CC. Tangeretin derivative, 5-acetyloxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:48-64. [PMID: 26569090 PMCID: PMC4847812 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tangeretin, a major phytochemicals in tangerine peels--an important Chinese herb, has been found to have anti-carcinogenic properties. To improve bioavailability and increase potency of tangeretin, its derivative, 5-acetyloxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (5-AcTMF), has been synthesized and shown potent inhibition of proliferation activity against human breast and leukemia cancer cell lines. In this study, we have further investigated the anticancer effects of 5-AcTMF on CL1-5 non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated that 5-AcTMF effectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation, induced G2/M-phase arrest associated with cdc2 and CDC25c and increased in the apoptotic cells associated with caspase activation, down regulation of Bcl-2, XIAP and Survivn, inducing release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. We also found that 5-AcTMF treatment of CL1-5 activated autophagy, indicated by triggered autophagosome formation and increased LC3-II levels and formation of LC3 puncta. Moreover, we also found that 5-AcTMF lowered phophoatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Over-expression of AKT by AKT cDNA transfection decreased 5-AcTMF mediated apoptosis and autophagy, supporting the induction of apoptosis and autophagy by inhibition of AKT pathway. In an animal study, 5-AcTMF effectively delayed tumor growth in a nude mouse model of CL1-5 xenografts without observed adverse effect. Immunohistochemistry Analysis indicated that 5-AcTMF induced CL1-5 cell apoptosis and autophagy in vivo. Taken together, these data demonstrate that 5-AcTMF is a novel small molecule agent that can inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation, and induce G(2)/M phase arrest and via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rong Li
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ya-Han Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Tong Tan
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital and Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kuo Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen H, An Y, Yan X, McClements DJ, Li B, Li Y. Designing self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems to enhance bioaccessibility of hydrophobic bioactives (nobiletin): Influence of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and thermal processing. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A combination of palm oil tocotrienols and citrus peel polymethoxylated flavones does not influence elevated LDL cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1209-14. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Fractionation of Mangifera indica Linn polyphenols by reverse phase supercritical fluid chromatography (RP-SFC) at pilot plant scale. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Bernal JL, Martín MT, Toribio L. Supercritical fluid chromatography in food analysis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Samokhin AS, Revelsky IA, Chepelyansky DA, Parenago OO, Pokrovsky OI, Lepeshkin FD, Ustinovich KB, Revelsky AI. Supercritical fluid chromatography and its application to analysis and preparation of high-purity compounds. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793111080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Design and evaluation of various methods for the construction of kinetic performance limit plots for supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1258:152-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rapid and efficient purification of chrysophanol in Rheum Palmatum LINN by supercritical fluid extraction coupled with preparative liquid chromatography in tandem. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 893-894:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Uckoo RM, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Chromatographic Techniques for the Separation of Polymethoxyflavones from Citrus. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1093.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram M. Uckoo
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 1500 Research Parkway Ste A120, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - G. K. Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 1500 Research Parkway Ste A120, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Bhimanagouda S. Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 1500 Research Parkway Ste A120, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
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GYAWALI R, MOON JY, JEON DH, KIM HJ, SONG YW, HYUN HB, KANG TH, MOON KS, JEONG S, KIM JC, AHN KS, CHO SK. Chemical Composition and Antiproliferative Activity of Supercritical CO2 Extracts from Citrus Fruits. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.18.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tranchida PQ, Bonaccorsi I, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Analysis of Citrus essential oils: state of the art and future perspectives. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
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Uckoo RM, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Rapid separation method of polymethoxyflavones from citrus using flash chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kaviya S, Santhanalakshmi J, Viswanathan B, Muthumary J, Srinivasan K. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 79:594-8. [PMID: 21536485 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved by a novel, simple green chemistry procedure using citrus sinensis peel extract as a reducing and a capping agent. The effect of temperature on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out at room temperature (25°C) and 60°C. The successful formation of silver nanoparticles has been confirmed by UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, EDAX, FESEM and TEM analysis and their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram-negative), and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) has been studied. The results suggest that the synthesized AgNPs act as an effective antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaviya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Konwarh R, Gogoi B, Philip R, Laskar M, Karak N. Biomimetic preparation of polymer-supported free radical scavenging, cytocompatible and antimicrobial “green” silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Citrus sinensis peel. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:338-45. [PMID: 21316933 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Qiu P, Dong P, Guan H, Li S, Ho CT, Pan MH, McClements DJ, Xiao H. Inhibitory effects of 5-hydroxy polymethoxyflavones on colon cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 2:S244-52. [PMID: 20397199 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a class of novel flavonoid compounds mainly found in citrus plants. We studied the effects of three major 5-hydroxy PMFs, namely: 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, on human colon cancer HCT116 and HT29 cells. Their effects were compared with those produced by their permethoxylated counterparts, namely: nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxylflavone, and tangeretin. 5-Hydroxy PMFs showed much stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of the colon cancer cells in comparison with their permethoxylated counterparts, suggesting the pivotal role of hydroxyl group at 5-position in the enhanced inhibitory activity by 5-hydroxy PMFs. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that three 5-hydroxy PMFs produced different effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis, which may suggest that three 5-hydroxy PMFs act through different mechanisms. For example, 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in HT29 cells, while 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone led to significant G0/G1 phase arrest. In contrast, 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone increased sub-G0/G1 cell population, which has been confirmed to be due to enhanced apoptosis. Our results further demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of 5-hydroxy PMFs were associated with their ability in modulating key signaling proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis, such as p21(Cip1/Waf1), CDK-2, CDK-4, phosphor-Rb, Mcl-1, caspases 3 and 8, and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiju Qiu
- Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao Shandong, P R China
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Chemistry and health effects of polymethoxyflavones and hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones. J Funct Foods 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extract of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae of a new Citrus cultivar and its main flavonoids. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abbott E, Veenstra TD, Issaq HJ. Clinical and pharmaceutical applications of packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1223-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry T. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
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