1
|
Munday JS, Dunbar ME, Wightman P, Piripi S. Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus on the digit of a cat. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:112-117. [PMID: 38043925 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2285294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed a spherical soft tissue swelling with irregular distal margins that contained multiple lacy mineral opacities. The digit was amputated and submitted for histology. No recurrence has been observed 7 months after amputation. PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS Histology revealed a moderately well-circumscribed proliferation of well-differentiated squamous cells arranged in trabeculae and nests. Numerous thin spicules of osseous metaplasia were visible throughout the neoplasm. Around 70% of the neoplastic cells contained papillomavirus-induced cell changes including large amphophilic cytoplasmic bodies and cells with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. Intense p16CDKN2A protein immunostaining was visible within the neoplastic cells, suggesting papillomavirus-induced changes in cell regulation. A DNA sequence from a putative novel Taupapillomavirus type was amplified from the neoplasm. DIAGNOSIS Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus type. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings in this case increase the number of papillomavirus types known to infect cats, and the squamous cell carcinoma had histological features that have not been previously reported. The neoplasm was not as invasive as is typical for a squamous cell carcinoma and excision appeared curative. This is the first report of an osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of cats and the neoplasm had a unique radiographic appearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M E Dunbar
- Pet Doctors Hillcrest, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - P Wightman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S Piripi
- IDEXX Laboratories (NZ), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bittner ML, Lopes R, Hua J, Sima C, Datta A, Wilson-Robles H. Comprehensive live-cell imaging analysis of cryptotanshinone and synergistic drug-screening effects in various human and canine cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236074. [PMID: 33544704 PMCID: PMC7864433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have highlighted both the extreme anticancer effects of Cryptotanshinone (CT), a Stat3 crippling component from Salvia miltiorrhiza, as well as other STAT3 inhibitors to fight cancer. Methods Data presented in this experiment incorporates 2 years of in vitro studies applying a comprehensive live-cell drug-screening analysis of human and canine cancer cells exposed to CT at 20 μM concentration, as well as to other drug combinations. As previously observed in other studies, dogs are natural cancer models, given to their similarity in cancer genetics, epidemiology and disease progression compared to humans. Results Results obtained from several types of human and canine cancer cells exposed to CT and varied drug combinations, verified CT efficacy at combating cancer by achieving an extremely high percentage of apoptosis within 24 hours of drug exposure. Conclusions CT anticancer efficacy in various human and canine cancer cell lines denotes its ability to interact across different biological processes and cancer regulatory cell networks, driving inhibition of cancer cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Bittner
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Rosana Lopes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RL); (HWR)
| | - Jianping Hua
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Chao Sima
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Aniruddha Datta
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Heather Wilson-Robles
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RL); (HWR)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Understanding of tumourigenesis in canine mammary tumours based on cancer stem cell research. Vet J 2020; 265:105560. [PMID: 33129557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammary tumours occur frequently in female dogs, where such tumours exhibit complexity when examined histologically. These tumours are composed not only of proliferative luminal epithelial cells, but also of myoepithelial cells and/or mesenchymal cells with cartilage and osseous tissues in a solitary mass. The origin of this complexed histogenesis remains speculative, but cancer stem cells (CSCs) are likely involved. CSCs possess self-renewing capacity, differentiation potential, high tumourigenicity in immunodeficient mice, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. These cells are at the apex of a hierarchy in cancer tissues and are involved in tumour initiation, recurrence, and metastasis. For these reasons, understanding the properties of CSCs is of paramount importance. Analysis of the characteristics of CSCs may contribute to the elucidation of the histogenesis underlying canine mammary tumours, formulation of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies, and development of biomarkers for early diagnostic and prognostic applications. Here, we review research on CSCs in canine mammary tumours, focusing on: (1) identification and properties of CSCs; (2) hypotheses regarding hierarchal structures in simple type, complex type and mixed tumours of the canine mammary gland; and (3) current and prospective studies of CSC metabolism.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dantas D, Soares L, Novais S, Vilarinho R, Moreira JA, Silva S, Frazão O, Oliveira T, Leal N, Faísca P, Reis J. Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Lesions in Canine Mammary Tissue Samples Using Raman Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091652. [PMID: 32937987 PMCID: PMC7552658 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a health problem that affects individual life quality and the family system. It is the most frequent type of cancer in women, but men are also affected. As an integrative approach, comparative oncology offers an opportunity to learn more about natural cancers in different species. Methods based on Raman spectroscopy have shown significant potential in the study of the human breast through the fingerprinting of biological tissue, which provides valuable information that can be used to identify, characterize and discriminate structures in breast tissue, in both healthy and carcinogenic environments. One of the most important applications of Raman spectroscopy in medical diagnosis is the characterization of microcalcifications, which are highly important diagnostic indicators of breast tissue diseases. Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyze the chemical composition of microcalcifications. These occur in benign and malignant lesions in the human breast, and Raman helps to discriminate microcalcifications as type I and type II according to their composition. This paper demonstrates the recent progress in understanding how this vibrational technique can discriminate through the fingerprint regions of lesions in unstained histology sections from canine mammary glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dantas
- IFIMUP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.D.); (L.S.); (R.V.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Liliana Soares
- IFIMUP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.D.); (L.S.); (R.V.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Susana Novais
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Rui Vilarinho
- IFIMUP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.D.); (L.S.); (R.V.); (J.A.M.)
| | - J. Agostinho Moreira
- IFIMUP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (D.D.); (L.S.); (R.V.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Susana Silva
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Orlando Frazão
- INESC TEC—Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Teresa Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária; Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade de Évora; Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Leal
- DNAtech Laboratório Veterinário, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, N.° 22 Edifício E, 1° Andar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.L.); (P.F.)
| | - Pedro Faísca
- DNAtech Laboratório Veterinário, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, N.° 22 Edifício E, 1° Andar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.L.); (P.F.)
- Centro de Investigação em BioCiências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Reis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária; Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade de Évora; Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silvestri S, Porcellato I, Mechelli L, Menchetti L, Iussich S, De Maria R, Sforna M, Bongiovanni L, Brachelente C. E-Cadherin Expression in Canine Melanocytic Tumors: Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Survival Analysis. Vet Pathol 2020; 57:608-619. [PMID: 32578507 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820934385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin, a glycoprotein involved in cell-cell adhesion, has a pivotal role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process through which neoplastic epithelial cells develop an invasive phenotype. In human cutaneous melanomas, decreased E-cadherin expression is associated with shorter survival and increased Breslow thickness, whereas in the dog its role is poorly understood. Tumor thickness and modified Clark level were recently proposed as useful features to assess canine melanocytic tumors, but no studies investigated their association with E-cadherin expression. We performed immunohistochemistry on 77 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary canine melanocytic tumors. A 3-tier and a 2-tier classification system for assessing E-cadherin expression were tested, with the latter being more informative for the assessment of canine melanocytic tumors. E-cadherin expression was lower in cutaneous melanomas than melanocytomas, as well as in amelanotic tumors compared to pigmented tumors. In amelanotic melanomas, absent E-cadherin expression was associated with an unfavorable outcome, suggesting a potential use of this marker in defining the prognosis of amelanotic melanomas. E-cadherin expression was lower in tumors with greater tumor thickness and modified Clark level ≥IV, suggesting its possible utility in identifying the most invasive tumors. The expression of E-cadherin in oral melanomas was heterogeneous, but was associated with pigmentation and clinical outcome; thus, E-cadherin evaluation could be advantageous to detect the most aggressive neoplasms. However, cutaneous melanomas without E-cadherin expression frequently had a favorable clinical outcome. Hence, its importance as prognostic factor should be carefully considered depending on the tumor origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Bongiovanni
- 90051University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Present address: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee KH, Hwang HJ, Noh HJ, Shin TJ, Cho JY. Somatic Mutation of PIK3CA (H1047R) Is a Common Driver Mutation Hotspot in Canine Mammary Tumors as Well as Human Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2006. [PMID: 31842489 PMCID: PMC6966585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in both women and female dogs. Genome-wide association studies in human breast cancer (HBC) have identified hundreds of genetic variations and somatic driver mutations. However, only a handful of variants have been studied for rare HBC and their associations remain inconclusive. Spontaneous canine mammary tumor (CMT) is a great model for HBC, with clinical similarity. We thus performed whole-exome sequencing in 20 pairs of CMT and normal tissues in dogs. We newly found that PIK3CA was the most frequently mutated gene in CMT (45%). Furthermore, canine PIK3CA A3140G (H1047R), at what is known as the mutational hotspot of HBC, is also a hotspot in CMT. Targeted sequencing confirmed that 29% of CMTs had the same PIK3CA A3140G mutation. Integration of the transcriptome suggests that the PIK3CA (H1047R) induced cell metabolism and cell cycle via an increase of PCK2 and a decrease of CDKN1B but had no effect on cell apoptosis. We identified additional significantly mutated genes, including SCRN1 and CLHC1, which have not been reported in HBC. Our study recapitulated some known HBC-associated genes and human cancer signatures in CMT, and identified novel genes that may be relevant to HBC. This study may allow us to better understand both HBC and CMT and lend new insights into the development of biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (H.-J.H.); (T.-J.S.)
| | - Hyeon-Ji Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (H.-J.H.); (T.-J.S.)
| | - Hyun Ji Noh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Tae-Jin Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (H.-J.H.); (T.-J.S.)
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.-H.L.); (H.-J.H.); (T.-J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Costa-Santos K, Damasceno K, Portela RD, Santos FL, Araújo GC, Martins-Filho EF, Silva LP, Barral TD, Santos SA, Estrela-Lima A. Lipid and metabolic profiles in female dogs with mammary carcinoma receiving dietary fish oil supplementation. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:401. [PMID: 31703601 PMCID: PMC6839264 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemias induce angiogenesis and accelerate the development and in vitro growth of breast tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the lipid and metabolic profile of female dogs with mammary carcinomas and their correlations with body condition score and degree of tumor malignancy, as well as to study the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on these animals. Results Overweight or obese dogs had more aggressive carcinomas and higher triglyceride (p = 0.0363), VLDL (p = 0.0181), albumin (p = 0.0188), globulin (p = 0.0145) and lactate (p = 0.0255) concentrations. There was no change in the lipid profile after supplementation with fish oil at any concentration. However, in relation to the metabolic profile, glucose (p = 0.0067), total protein (p = 0.0002) and globulin (p = 0.0002) concentrations were increased when 90% omega-3 fish oil was used as a dietary supplement. Conclusion Obese dogs showed altered lipid and metabolic profiles and more aggressive tumors, suggesting an important relationship between dyslipidemia and tumor aggressiveness. Supplementation with fish oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, may alter metabolic parameters in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keidylania Costa-Santos
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Santa Maria da Boa Vista, Pernambuco, 56380-000, Brazil
| | - Karine Damasceno
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ferlando Lima Santos
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, 44570-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laís Pereira Silva
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Thiago Doria Barral
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Alvarenga Santos
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reis J, Oliveira T, Pereira A, Infante P, Leal N, Faísca P. Microtomographic characterization of calcifications in canine mammary tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:281-291. [PMID: 31606921 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the microtomographic characterization of macro- and microcalcifications present in excised canine mammary glands. In human breast cancer, microcalcifications are highly relevant for diagnosis and prognosis, often being the sole element determining biopsy. Canine mammary tumours are considered a model for human breast cancer, but the morphological features of calcifications had still to be studied in this species. The objective of this research is to contribute to the characterization of the mineralization features of the canine mammary gland. In the present study, the excised mammary glands of 33 bitches underwent fluoroscopic examination. In 30 of the samples, the presence of calcification was suspected, and multiple biopsies were taken of these areas. Biopsy fragments underwent microtomographic scanning. Microcalcifications were found in non-neoplastic glandular tissue, benign and malign lesions, as it is known to happen in humans. Qualitative evaluation regarding morphology of the imaged calcifications showed similarities to breast cancer findings, based on the BI-RADS 2013 classification, such as pleomorphism and shape. No differences in the quantitative morphological parameters of volume, surface, surface/volume, SMI and structure thickness were found when macrocalcifications were considered. However, although significant differences existed in these parameters between microcalcifications from malignant canine mammary tumours and the two other groups, none were found between non-neoplastic and benign tumours. Findings further support the use of this spontaneous animal model for the study of human breast cancer, considering how clinically relevant microcalcifications are in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária - Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Teresa Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária - Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- Departamento de Zootecnica - Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paulo Infante
- Departamento de Matemática - Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Centro de Investigação em Matemática e Aplicações/IIFA, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Leal
- DNAtech Laboratório Veterinário; Hospital Veterinário do Oeste, Lourinhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Centro de Investigação em BioCiências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária- Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias/DNAtech Laboratório Veterinário, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Saad ESA, Lam JSY, Al-Khan AA, Tayebi M, Day MJ, Richardson SJ, Danks JA. A Comparative Review of Mixed Mammary Tumors in Mammals. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:125-137. [PMID: 30488318 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed tumors are characterized by the histological identification of two or more cell types. Commonly, a mixture of epithelial and myoepithelial cells is included in abundant stroma, which can consist of myxoid, chondroid or bony matrices. Spontaneously arising mixed tumors are rare lesions in the human breast but are common in human salivary glands and canine mammary glands. Subtle histopathological characteristics and overlapping attributes of malignant lesions with other benign lesions can lead to a diagnostic challenge. Mixed tumors can present as benign or malignant. While malignant mixed tumors are quite rare in the human breast they have a poor prognosis. Benign mixed mammary tumors occur more frequently in female dogs than in humans and are usually associated with a good prognosis. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of mixed mammary tumors, across various mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman S A Saad
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline S Y Lam
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Laverty Pathology, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
| | - Awf A Al-Khan
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mourad Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janine A Danks
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hussain S, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Mohanty AK, Kumar S, Singh RJ, Kumar A, Wani SA, Gandham RK, Kumar N, Sharma AK, Tiwari AK, Singh RK. Gene expression profiling of spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours: Insight into gene networks and pathways linked to cancer pathogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208656. [PMID: 30517191 PMCID: PMC6281268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms of unspayed female dogs leading to thrice higher mortality rates than human breast cancer. These are also attractive models for human breast cancer studies owing to clinical and molecular similarities. Thus, they are important candidates for biomarker studies and understanding cancer pathobiology. The study was designed to explore underlying molecular networks and pathways in CMTs for deciphering new prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. To gain an insight into various pathways and networks associated with the development and pathogenesis of CMTs, comparative cDNA microarray expression profiling was performed using CMT tissues and healthy mammary gland tissues. Upon analysis, 1700 and 1287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P ≤ 0.05) were identified in malignant and benign tissues, respectively. DEGs identified from microarray analysis were further annotated using the Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool for detection of deregulated canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and networks associated with malignant, as well as, benign disease. Top scoring key networks in benign and malignant mammary tumours were having central nodes of VEGF and BUB1B, respectively. Cyclins & cell cycle regulation and TREM1 signalling were amongst the top activated canonical pathways in CMTs. Other cancer related significant pathways like apoptosis signalling, dendritic cell maturation, DNA recombination and repair, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, etc. were also found to be altered. Furthermore, seven proteins (ANXA2, APOCII, CDK6, GATC, GDI2, GNAQ and MYH9) highly up-regulated in malignant tissues were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF PMF studies which were in concordance with microarray data. Thus, the study has uncovered ample number of candidate genes associated with CMTs which need to be further validated as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rajkumar James Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Garden OA, Volk SW, Mason NJ, Perry JA. Companion animals in comparative oncology: One Medicine in action. Vet J 2018; 240:6-13. [PMID: 30268334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparative oncology is poised to have a far-reaching impact on both animals and human beings with cancer. The field is gaining momentum and has repeatedly proven its utility in various aspects of oncology, including study of the genetics, development, progression, immunology and therapy of cancer. Companion animals provide many advantages over both traditional rodent models and human beings for studying cancer biology and accelerating the development of novel anti-cancer therapies. In this review, several examples of the ability of companion animals with spontaneous cancers to fill a unique niche in the field of oncology are discussed. In addition, potential caveats of the use of companion animals in research are reviewed, as well as ethical considerations and efforts to standardize veterinary clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O A Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - S W Volk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J A Perry
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|