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Wu H, Jiang X, Dong Z, Fan Q, Huang J, Liu H, Chen L, Li Z, Ming L. New insights into the influence of encapsulation materials on the feasibility of ultrasonic-assisted encapsulation of Mosla chinensis essential oil. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106787. [PMID: 38310739 PMCID: PMC10862064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to estimate the feasibility of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) to encapsulate Mosla chinensis essential oil (EO) by ultrasonic-assisted method. The physical properties variations, stabilization mechanisms, and formation processes of the inclusion complexes (ICs) were investigated using experimental methods, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the ICs were successfully prepared, which differentially improved the thermal stability and retained the chemical composition of EO. The dissolution profile showed that the Peppas model can be used to describe the diffuse release mechanism of EO. Finally, molecular docking and MD simulation theoretically confirmed the interaction and conformational changes of carvacrol (the main active component of Mosla chinensis EO) inside the cavity of CDs. The results indicate that hydrogen bonding was the primary driving force for the carvacrol spontaneous access to the cavity. Further, a binding dynamic balance occurs between carvacrol and β-CD, whereas a bind and away dynamic balance occurs in the IC between carvacrol and α-CD, γ-CD. The comprehensive results show that the medium cavity size of β-CD is a suitable host molecule for Mosla chinensis EO of encapsulation, release, and stabilization. A combination of experimental and theoretical calculations is useful for the pinpoint targeted design and optimization of CD molecular encapsulation of small entity molecules. β-CD was rationally screened as a better candidate for stabilizing EO, which provides an option for a meaningful path to realistic EO applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Wu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zishu Dong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qimeng Fan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330004, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Liangshan Ming
- Institute for Advanced Study, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi Nanchang, 330004, China.
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2
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Mahdi WA, Alanazi MM, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Hussain A, Altamimi MA, Alhudaithi SS. Formulation of multicomponent inclusion complex of cyclodextrin-amino acid with Chrysin: Physicochemical characterization, cell viability and apoptosis assessment in human primary glioblastoma cell line. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100211. [PMID: 37736236 PMCID: PMC10510083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin (CR) is a water-insoluble drug reported for different therapeutic effects. The microwave irradiation method was used in this study to create a multicomponent inclusion complex (CR-MC) containing CR (drug) and carrier hydroxyl propyl beta cyclodextrin (HP β CD) and L-arginine (LA). The prepared inclusion complex (CR-MC) was evaluated for dissolution study and results were compared with chrysin physical mixture (CR-PM). Further, the samples were assessed for infra-red (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and molecular docking. Finally, the cell viability, reactive oxygen species and flow cytometer studies were also assessed to check the potential of the prepared inclusion complex on the human primary glioblastoma cell line (U87-MG cell). The phase solubility findings revealed a stability constant (773 mol L-1) as well as a complexation efficiency of 0.027. The dissolution study displayed a significant increase in CR release from CR-MC (99.03 ± 0.39%) > CR-PM (70.58 ± 1.16%) > pure CR (35.29 ± 1.55%). NMR and IR spectral data revealed no interaction between CR and carriers. SEM and DSC study results revealed the conversion into amorphous form. The molecular docking results illustrated a high docking score, which supports the findings of complex formation. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species, and flow cytometry studies results showed enhanced activity from CR-MC against the tested human primary glioblastoma cell line. From the results it has been observed that chrysin solubility significantly increased after complexation and there in vitro activity also enhanced against cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman S. Alhudaithi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Kumar P, Bhardwaj VK, Purohit R. Dispersion-corrected DFT calculations and umbrella sampling simulations to investigate stability of Chrysin-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121162. [PMID: 37567706 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of inclusion complexes of Chrysin (ChR) with three forms of cyclodextrins (CDs) α-, β-, and γ-CD was accomplished to examine the stability of ChR inside the central cavities of CDs. The aim of study was to identify the most suitable form of CD to improve the hydro-solubility of poorly soluble ChR bioactive molecule. Microsecond timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on four inclusion complexes (α-CD/ChR, β-CD/ChR, and two conformations of γ-CD/ChR) to examine the dynamics of ChR inside the cavity of CDs. The first conformation of γ-CD/ChR inclusion complex (γ-CD1/ChR) was identified to possess the highest affinity between host and guest molecule on the basis of binding energy calculated by employing Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) and umbrella sampling simulations. To further strengthen the claims of classical and biased MD studies, Our own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and Molecular mechanics (ONIOM) (wB97XD/6-311+g(d,p):pm7) calculations were performed on the selected inclusion complexes. The ONIOM based complexation energy reaffirmed that ChR had highest affinity for the γ-CD1 host molecule. Further, the non-covalent interaction analysis was conducted using Multiwfn software on QM-optimized inclusion complexes with wB97XD/6-311+G(d,p) model chemistry, revealing non-covalent interactions between ChR and CDs. This atomic level information helped us to gain better insights into critical atoms of ChR and CD that participated in intermolecular interactions and identify γ-CD as a suitable host molecule for improving the hydro-solubulity of ChR. The structural insights would help to derive new derivatives of γ-CD with better host capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP 176061, India; Biotechnology division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP 176061, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Comparing the Effects of Encapsulated and Non-Encapsulated Propolis Extracts on Model Lipid Membranes and Lactic Bacteria, with Emphasis on the Synergistic Effects of Its Various Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020712. [PMID: 36677770 PMCID: PMC9865961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous compound made by bees with well-known biological activity. However, comparisons between encapsulated and non-encapsulated propolis are lacking. Therefore, the antibacterial activity, effect on the phase transition of lipids, and inhibition of UV-induced lipid oxidation of the two forms of propolis were compared. The results showed that non-encapsulated propolis produces quicker effects, thus being better suited when more immediate effects are required (e.g., antibacterial activity). In order to gain an in-depth introspective on these effects, we further studied the synergistic effect of propolis compounds on the integrity of lipid membranes. The knowledge of component synergism is important for the understanding of effective propolis pathways and for the perspective of modes of action of synergism between different polyphenols in various extracts. Thus, five representative molecules, all previously isolated from propolis (chrysin, quercetin, trans-ferulic acid, caffeic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate) were mixed, and their synergistic effects on lipid bilayers were investigated, mainly using DSC. The results showed that some compounds (quercetin, chrysin) exhibit synergism, whereas others (caffeic acid, t-ferulic acid) do not show any such effects. The results also showed that the synergistic effects of mixtures composed from several different compounds are extremely complex to study, and that their prediction requires further modeling approaches.
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5
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Formulation of Multicomponent Chrysin-Hydroxy Propyl β Cyclodextrin-Poloxamer Inclusion Complex Using Spray Dry Method: Physicochemical Characterization to Cell Viability Assessment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121525. [PMID: 36558976 PMCID: PMC9788470 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The work aimed to enhance chrysin (CHR) water solubility, dissolution, and in vitro antibacterial as well as cell viability. Chrysin binary, as well as ternary inclusion complex, were prepared using the spray drying method. The influence of an auxiliary component (poloxamer; PLX) was also assessed after being incorporated into the chrysin HP βCD complex (CHR-BC) and formed as a chrysin ternary complex (CHR-TC). The phase solubility investigation was carried out in order to assess the complexation efficiency and stability constant. The samples were assessed for the dissolution test, physicochemical evaluation, antibacterial activity, and cell viability tests were also assessed. The results of the phase solubility investigation showed that the stability constant for the binary system (268 M-1) was lower than the ternary system (720 M-1). The complex stability was validated by the greater stability constant value. The dissolution results showed that pure CHR had a limited release of 32.55 ± 1.7% in 60 min, while prepared CHR-TC and CHR-BC both demonstrated maximum CHR releases of 99.03 ± 2.34% and 71.95 ±2.1%, respectively. The dissolution study's findings revealed that the release of CHR was much improved over that of pure CHR. A study using a scanning electron microscope showed that CHR-TC contains more agglomerated and amorphous components. The higher conversion of crystalline CHR into an amorphous form is responsible for the structural alterations that are observed. After complexation, the distinctive peaks of pure CHR changed due to the complexation with HP βCD and PLX. The antimicrobial and cell viability results revealed improved antimicrobial activity as well as a lower IC50 value than pure CHR against the tested anticancer cell line (MCF7).
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6
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Synthesis of p-methoxybenzaldehyde/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and studies of its release properties in polylactic acid film. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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7
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Stability, Antioxidant Activity and Intestinal Permeation of Oleuropein Inclusion Complexes with Beta-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165077. [PMID: 36014317 PMCID: PMC9412325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins (HP-beta-CD) are a more popular material used to prepare inclusion complexes due to their superior solubility and intestinal absorption. In this study, oleuropein (OL) inclusion complexes with beta-CD (beta-CD:OL) and HP-beta-CD (HP-beta-CD:OL) were prepared and the formation of inclusion complexes was validated by IR, PXRD, and DSC. A phase solubility test showed that the lgK (25 °C) and binding energy of beta-CD:OL and HP-beta-CD:OL was 2.32 versus 1.98, and −6.1 versus −24.66 KJ/mol, respectively. Beta-CD:OL exhibited a more powerful effect than HP-beta-CD:OL in protecting OL from degradation upon exposure to light, high temperature and high humidity. Molecular docking, peak intensity of carbonyls in IR, and ferric reducing power revealed that beta-CD:OL formed more hydrogen bonds with the unstable groups of OL. Both inclusion complexes significantly enhanced the solubility, intestinal permeation and antioxidant activity of OL (p < 0.05). Though HP-beta-CD:OL had higher solubility and intestinal absorption over beta-CD:OL, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The study implies that lower binding energy is not always associated with the higher stability of a complex. Beta-CD can protect a multiple-hydroxyl compound more efficiently than HP-beta-CD with the intestinal permeation comparable to HP-beta-CD complex.
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8
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Jangid A, Solanki R, Patel S, Medicherla K, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Improving Anticancer Activity of Chrysin using Tumor Microenvironment pH-Responsive and Self-Assembled Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15919-15928. [PMID: 35571829 PMCID: PMC9096951 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural bioactive compound with potential biological activities. However, unfavorable physicochemical properties of native chrysin make it difficult to achieve good therapeutic efficacies. In this study, poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG4000)-conjugated chrysin nanoparticles were prepared. The PEG4000 was conjugated to chrysin through cis-aconityl and succinoyl linkers to achieve tumor microenvironment-specific drug release from PEGylated nanoparticles. The conjugation of PEG and chrysin via succinoyl (PCNP-1) and cis-aconityl (PCNP-2) linkers was confirmed by the 1H NMR and FTIR analysis. The nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, TEM, XRD, and DSC analysis. Comparatively, PCNP-2 showed a better drug release profile and higher anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells than chrysin or PCNP-1. The apoptosis studies and colony formation inhibition assay revealed that the PCNP-2 induced more apoptosis and more greatly controlled the growth of human breast cancer cells than pure chrysin. Thus, the use of PCNPs may help to overcome the issues of chrysin and could be a better therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok
Kumar Jangid
- School
of Nano Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Central University
of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Raghu Solanki
- School
of Nano Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Central University
of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School
of Nano Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Central University
of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Kanakaraju Medicherla
- Department
of Human Genetics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- School
of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences
University, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School
of Nano Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Central University
of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
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9
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Liang Y, Hou D, Ni Z, Cao M, Cai L. Preparation, characterization of naringenin, β-cyclodextrin and carbon quantum dot antioxidant nanocomposites. Food Chem 2021; 375:131646. [PMID: 34848084 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, naringenin loaded β-cyclodextrin and carbon quantum dots composite nanoparticles were successfully fabricated. The results showed that incorporation of carbon quantum dots not only enhanced antioxidant activities of nanoparticles but also improved encapsulation efficiency of naringenin. Further, the formation of composite nanoparticles was confirmed by a series of characterization methods. The zeta-potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding are dominant forces to form nanoparticles. X-Ray Diffraction experiment revealed that the material state of the formed naringenin-β-CD-CQDs nanoparticles is amorphous in opposition to the crystalline state of naringenin, β-CD and naringenin-β-CD inclusion complex. Finally, antioxidant activity analyses against DPPH, ABTS+ and Fe2+ chelating, showed an enhanced antioxidant activity of the formed composite nanoparticles compared to their constituents. These results indicated that naringenin can be effectively entrapped in β-cyclodextrin and carbon quantum dots, forming composite nanoparticles with improved antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Dongyuan Hou
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zan Ni
- WenZhou Institute For Food and Drug Control, Wenzhou 325028, China.
| | - Minjie Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Luyun Cai
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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10
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Yao Z, Cao Q, Li C, Gong W, Meng X. Improvement of
β‐cyclodextrin
/cardanol inclusion complex for the
thermal‐oxidative
stability and environmental‐response antioxidation releasing property of polylactic acid. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Qiming Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Weiguang Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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Dahabra L, Broadberry G, Le Gresley A, Najlah M, Khoder M. Sunscreens Containing Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Enhanced Efficiency: A Strategy for Skin Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2021; 26:1698. [PMID: 33803643 PMCID: PMC8003006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unprotected exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may damage the DNA of skin cells and can lead to skin cancer. Sunscreens are topical formulations used to protect skin against UVR. The active ingredients of sunscreens are UV filters that absorb, scatter, and/or reflect UVR. Preventing the formation of free radicals and repairing DNA damages, natural antioxidants are also added to sunscreens as a second fold of protection against UVR. Antioxidants can help stabilise these formulations during the manufacturing process and upon application on skin. However, UV filters and antioxidants are both susceptible to degradation upon exposure to sunlight and oxygen. Additionally, due to their poor water solubility, natural antioxidants are challenging to formulate and exhibit limited penetration and bioavailability in the site of action (i.e., deeper skin layers). Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that are capable of forming inclusion complexes with poorly soluble drugs, such as antioxidants. In this review, we discuss the use of CDs inclusion complexes to enhance the aqueous solubility of antioxidants and chemical UV filters and provide a protective shield against degradative factors. The role of CDs in providing a controlled drug release profile from sunscreens is also discussed. Finally, incorporating CDs inclusion complexes into sunscreens has the potential to increase their efficiency and hence improve their skin cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layan Dahabra
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (L.D.); (G.B.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Grace Broadberry
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (L.D.); (G.B.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Adam Le Gresley
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (L.D.); (G.B.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Mohammad Najlah
- Pharmaceutical Research Group, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishops Hall Lane, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK;
| | - Mouhamad Khoder
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK; (L.D.); (G.B.); (A.L.G.)
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12
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Beyrami M, Karimi E, Oskoueian E. Synthesized chrysin-loaded nanoliposomes improves cadmium-induced toxicity in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40643-40651. [PMID: 32671712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chrysin as a natural flavonoid was encapsulated in nanoliposomal structures, and the synthesized nanoliposome-loaded chrysin (NLC) was further characterized for its physical properties and cytoprotective effects in mice that received cadmium-containing water. The results showed that the synthesized NLC is possessed spherical structure with the size of 185.1 nm and negative surface charge of - 26 mV with a poly dispersity index of 0.26. The mice received cadmium (2 mg/kg body weight/day) through drinking water showed weight loss and decease in the feed intake significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The cadmium notably (p ≤ 0.05) increased the liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase; altered the liver metal deposition (cadmium, copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc); and induced hepatic oxidative stress (inducible nitric oxide synthase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase genes) with no remarkable histopathological changes. Furthermore, the cadmium impaired the morphology of jejunum through reducing villus height and villus width and increasing the crypt depth. Providing NLC as a dietary supplement at the concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg mice body weight significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the feed intake and body weight gain, modulated the liver enzymes, and alleviated the hepatic oxidative stress. The NLC also improved the antioxidant mineral deposition in the liver and morphohistological structure of jejunum. Consequently, the NLC is suggested as a potential dietary supplement to alleviate the symptoms of cadmium-induced toxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsan Beyrami
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Roy S, Manna K, Jha T, Saha KD. Chrysin-loaded PLGA attenuates OVA-induced allergic asthma by modulating TLR/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 30:102292. [PMID: 32853785 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Asthma, one of the significant public health problems, is triggered by certain inflammatory processes in the airways that are not addressed propitiously by current therapies. Though pieces of evidence on allergic asthma mitigation by the anti-inflammatory bioflavonoid chrysin (CHR) are accumulating, poor bioavailability, and low solubility curtail drug development. To overcome these shortcomings, CHR loaded nanoparticle (CHR-NP) was formulated, and its salutary effect in preclinical murine allergic asthma model via the peroral route was evaluated. The spherical nanosized particles showed slow, sustained release in vitro. Moreover, CHR-NP dramatically reduced the serum IgE, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung histological alteration, as well as Th2 (T-helper 2) cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It also suppressed the elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and their upstream TLR/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation in lung superior to CHR and almost identical to dexamethasone (DEX). Thus this study suggests the potentiality of CHR-NP in ameliorating allergic asthma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Roy
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Cyclodextrin Complexation Improves the Solubility and Caco-2 Permeability of Chrysin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163618. [PMID: 32824341 PMCID: PMC7475839 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin is a bioflavonoid that can be found in natural products such as honey and propolis, and it possesses several biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. However, it is poorly soluble in water, and its bioavailability is limited. The aim of this research is to investigate the chrysin solubilization capacity of different β-cylcodextrin derivatives and compare their biological activities. Chrysin was complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD), hydroxypropyl-β-, (HPBCD) sulfobutylether-β-, (SBECD), and randomly-methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) by the lyophilization method in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. The solubilities of the chrysin–cyclodextrin complexes were tested, and the solubilization abilities of cyclodextrins were studied by phase solubility experiments. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was measured by the MTT method, and the permeability enhancement was tested on Caco-2 monolayers. The solubility study showed that the complexes formed with RAMEB had the highest solubility in water. The phase solubility experiments confirmed the strongest interaction between RAMEB and chrysin. In the viability test, none of the complexes showed cytotoxicity up to 100 µM concentration. The permeability study revealed that both at 1:1 and 1:2 ratios, the RAMEB complexes were the most effective to enhance chrysin permeability through the Caco-2 monolayers. In conclusion, cyclodextrins, especially RAMEB, are suitable for improving chrysin solubility and absorption.
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15
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Study on the synthesis and drug-loading optimization of beta-cyclodextrin polymer microspheres containing ornidazole. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Das S, Mohanty S, Maharana J, Jena SR, Nayak J, Subuddhi U. Microwave-assisted β-cyclodextrin/chrysin inclusion complexation: An economical and green strategy for enhanced hemocompatibility and chemosensitivity in vitro. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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BRIÑEZ-ORTEGA EDWIN, ALMEIDA VERALDE, LOPES JULIOC, BURGOS ANAE. Partial inclusion of bis(1,10-phenanthroline)silver(I) salicylate in β-cyclodextrin: Spectroscopic characterization, in vitro and in silico antimicrobial evaluation. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20181323. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020181323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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18
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Song S, Gao K, Niu R, Wang J, Zhang J, Gao C, Yang B, Liao X. Inclusion complexes between chrysin and amino-appended β-cyclodextrins (ACDs): Binding behavior, water solubility, in vitro antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 106:110161. [PMID: 31753384 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid inclusion complexes between chrysin and four amino-appended β-cyclodextrins (ACDs) were prepared by suspension method and characterized in solid and solution states by kinds of analytical methods. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed distinct micro-morphologies of them. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed their unique thermal properties, such as decomposition temperatures and endothermic points. Powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis disclosed their unique crystal patterns. Their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses provided the variations of chemical shifts before and after the formation of inclusion complexes. Their binding stability constants (Ks) were 574, 842, 704, and 474 L·mol-1, respectively, as determined by spectral titration. A 1:1 inclusion mode with self-assembly of their amino side chains inside the ACD cavity was proposed based on Job plot and 2D-ROESY experiments. Water solubility of chrysin was promoted up to 4411.98 μg·mL-1 after formation of inclusion complexes with ACDs, better than that of β-CD and its derivatives, i.e., HP- and SBE-β-CD. In vitro antioxidant activity of chrysin was also improved after inclusion complexation by the DPPH scavenging assay. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of solid inclusion complexes towards three human cancer cell lines, A549, HT-29 and HCT116 were enhanced significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Raomei Niu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China; Jiangsu Xinchen Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 222047 Lianyungang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007 Yancheng, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and Quality Management, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China.
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Kong F, Su Z, Zhang L, Qin Y, Zhang K. Inclusion complex of grape seeds extracts with sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin: Preparation, characterization, stability and evaluation of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects in vitro. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Baidya D, Kushwaha J, Mahadik K, Patil S. Chrysin-loaded folate conjugated PF127-F68 mixed micelles with enhanced oral bioavailability and anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:852-860. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1576726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Jeetendra Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Kakasaheb Mahadik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sharvil Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
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Cyclodextrin⁻Drug Inclusion Complexes: In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030642. [PMID: 30717337 PMCID: PMC6387394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a critical review of the biological performance of natural and synthetic substances complexed with cyclodextrins, highlighting: (i) inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins and their biological studies in vitro and in vivo; (ii) Evaluation and comparison of the bioactive efficacy of complexed and non-complexed substances; (iii) Chemical and biological performance tests of inclusion complexes, aimed at the development of new pharmaceutical products. Based on the evidence presented in the review, it is clear that cyclodextrins play a vital role in the development of inclusion complexes which promote improvements in the chemical and biological properties of the complexed active principles, as well as providing improved solubility and aqueous stability. Although the literature shows the importance of their ability to help produce innovative biotechnological substances, we still need more studies to develop and expand their therapeutic properties. It is, therefore, very important to gather together evidence of the effectiveness of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins in order to facilitate a better understanding of research on this topic and encourage further studies.
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Komath S, Garg A, Wahajuddin M. Development and evaluation of Chrysin-Phospholipid complex loaded solid lipid nanoparticles - storage stability and in vitro anti-cancer activity. J Microencapsul 2018; 35:600-617. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2018.1559369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahadali Komath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Divisions of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Fateminasab F, Bordbar A, Shityakov S, Gholami S. Diadzein complexation with unmodified cyclodextrins: A detailed experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Chrysin/β-cyclodextrin supramolecular system: a quantum mechanical investigation. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Inclusion Complexes of Copaiba (Copaifera multijuga Hayne) Oleoresin and Cyclodextrins: Physicochemical Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112388. [PMID: 29156553 PMCID: PMC5713357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) is a technique that has been extensively used to increase the aqueous solubility of oils and improve their stability. In addition, this technique has been used to convert oils into solid materials. This work aims to develop inclusion complexes of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin (CMO), which presents anti-inflammatory activity, with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) by kneading (KND) and slurry (SL) methods. Physicochemical characterization was performed to verify the occurrence of interactions between CMO and the cyclodextrins. Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of CMO alone as well as complexed with CDs. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the formation of inclusion complex of CMO with both β-CD and HP-β-CD by KND and SL methods. Carrageenan-induced paw edema test showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of CMO was maintained after complexation with β-CD and HP-β-CD, where they were able to decrease the levels of nitrite and myeloperoxidase. In conclusion, this study showed that it is possible to produce inclusion complexes of CMO with CDs by KND and SL methods without any change in CMO’s anti-inflammatory activity.
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26
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Zhang X, Wang M, Li L, Yin D. A high-performance liquid chromatography-electronic circular dichroism online method for assessing the absolute enantiomeric excess and conversion ratio of asymmetric reactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43278. [PMID: 28252028 PMCID: PMC5333115 DOI: 10.1038/srep43278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric reactions often need to be evaluated during the synthesis of chiral compounds. However, traditional evaluation methods require the isolation of the individual enantiomer, which is tedious and time-consuming. Thus, it is desirable to develop simple, practical online detection methods. We developed a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-electronic circular dichroism (HPLC-ECD) that simultaneously analyzes the material conversion ratio and absolute optical purity of each enantiomer. In particular, only a reverse-phase C18 column instead of a chiral column is required in our method because the ECD measurement provides a g-factor that describes the ratio of each enantiomer in the mixtures. We used our method to analyze the asymmetric hydrosilylation of β-enamino esters, and we discussed the advantage, feasibility, and effectiveness of this new methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances, Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances, Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances, Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances, Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Inclusion complex of chrysin with sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (Captisol®): Preparation, characterization, molecular modelling and in vitro anticancer activity. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Lungare S, Hallam K, Badhan RKS. Phytochemical-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for nose-to-brain olfactory drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:280-293. [PMID: 27633279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery is often hampered due to the insidious nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nose-to-brain delivery via olfactory pathways have become a target of attention for drug delivery due to bypassing of the BBB. The antioxidant properties of phytochemicals make them promising as CNS active agents but possess poor water solubility and limited BBB penetration. The primary aim of this study was the development of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with the poorly water-soluble phytochemicals curcumin and chrysin which could be utilised for nose-to-brain delivery. We formulated spherical MSNP using a templating approach resulting in ∼220nm particles with a high surface porosity. Curcumin and chrysin were successfully loaded into MSNP and confirmed through Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and HPLC approaches with a loading of 11-14% for curcumin and chrysin. Release was pH dependant with curcumin demonstrating increased chemical stability at a lower pH (5.5) with a release of 53.2%±2.2% over 24h and 9.4±0.6% for chrysin. MSNP were demonstrated to be non-toxic to olfactory neuroblastoma cells OBGF400, with chrysin (100μM) demonstrating a decrease in cell viability to 58.2±8.5% and curcumin an IC50 of 33±0.18μM. Furthermore confocal microscopy demonstrated nanoparticles of <500nm were able to accumulate within cells with FITC-loaded MSNP showing membrane localised and cytoplasmic accumulation following a 2h incubation. MSNP are useful carriers for poorly soluble phytochemicals and provide a novel vehicle to target and deliver drugs into the CNS and bypass the BBB through olfactory drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Lungare
- Aston Pharmacy School, Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Hallam
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Raj K S Badhan
- Aston Pharmacy School, Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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