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Cubukcu I, Gundogdu I, Gul P. Color match analysis of single-shade and multi-shade composite resins using spectrophotometric and visual methods after bleaching. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:826-834. [PMID: 37821366 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the color match of the materials after the staining and bleaching procedures applied to the teeth restored with single-shade and multi-shade composite resins. Cavities prepared on the facial surface of human incisors were restored with two different composite resins. After 24 h, the color matching parameters between the initial filling-tooth of the samples were recorded. Then, the color measurements of the samples subjected to the coloring process were repeated. Each composite resin group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups and home and office bleaching methods were applied to the samples. After bleaching, color measurements were repeated. In terms of periods, a statistically significant difference was found in ΔE values 1 day and 28 days after bleaching (p<0.05). In addition, it was found that the color match between filling-tooth was generally weaker in Omnichroma material and after home bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Cubukcu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Iklima Gundogdu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
| | - Pinar Gul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University
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Tavas B, Celiksoz O, Tepe H, Ozaslan S, Yaman BC. The Effect of Whitening Toothpastes on the Color Stability of a Smart Monochromatic Composite Resin. Cureus 2023; 15:e46225. [PMID: 37908912 PMCID: PMC10614463 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of smart monochromatic composite resin after coloring with coffee solution, thermal aging and brushing with four different kinds of toothpaste. MATERIALS AND METHODS According to the manufacturer's instructions, 40 smart monochromatic composite resin (Omnichroma, Tokuyama Dental, Japan) specimens were prepared with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 10 mm. The samples were divided into four groups. The first group (SFM) was brushed with Sensodyne Fresh Mint (Sensodyne GSK, UK), the second group (CW) with Colgate 2 in 1 Whitening (Colgate Palmolive, USA), the third group (OW) with Opalescence Whitening (Ultradent Products, Inc., USA), the fourth group (COW) with Colgate Optic White With Charcoal (Colgate Palmolive, USA). At time point t0, no brushing and thermal cycles were performed. For time point t1, simulations corresponding to 10 days of staining, thermal aging and brushing were performed. For time point t2, simulations corresponding to one year of staining, thermal aging and brushing were performed. The color of all specimens was measured at t0, t1 and t2 with a spectrophotometer. To examine the color change, ΔE00 values were calculated with the CIEDE 2000 color system. Shapiro Wilk, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, Kruskal Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS According to the results of the intergroup comparison, there is no statistically significant difference between the groups in ΔE00(t0-t1) values in terms of t0-t1 time period measurement (p>0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between the groups in ΔE00(t1-t2)values in terms of t1-t2 time period measurement (p<0.05). The COW group had the lowest ΔE00(t1-t2) value and the OW group had the highest ΔE00(t1-t2) value. There is a statistically significant difference between the groups in ΔE00 (t0-t2) values in terms of t0-t2 time period measurement (p<0.05). The COW group had the lowest ΔE00(t0-t2) value and the OW group had the highest ΔE00(t0-t2) value. CONCLUSION The whitening efficacy of different kinds of toothpaste whitening mechanisms may differ from each other. Toothpastes also show whitening on composite resins. The lowest discoloration was observed in the group brushed with toothpaste containing activated charcoal and blue covarine. The efficacy of whitening toothpastes should be supported by in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Tavas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, TUR
| | - Ozge Celiksoz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, TUR
| | - Hatice Tepe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, TUR
| | - Sanem Ozaslan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, TUR
| | - Batu Can Yaman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir, TUR
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Modern concepts of teeth whitening – a narrative review. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2022.002690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Whitening has been known since Biblical times. Nowadays, in the developed world, patients are placing a stronger interest in the aesthetic appearance of their teeth. As a result, public demand for aesthetic dentistry, including tooth whitening, has recently increased. Aesthetics of the teeth is of great importance to many patients.
The aim is to summarise and discuss the teeth whitening procedure, tools, materials, and methods, as well as its efficacy and safety. In addition, the paper aims to provide full and comprehensive information for dentists and their patients about the merits and perils of whitening.
Methods. Relevant literature from Scopus published in English was selected using the following search criteria "tooth OR teeth AND whitening OR bleaching" by 2022. In total, there were found 3840 papers. Then, we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the selected scientific papers to choose the relevant ones.
Results. A comprehensive study of the available information related to means and products for teeth whitening was carried out. Whitening may be accomplished by the physical removal of the stain or a chemical reaction to lighten the tooth colour. The indications for appropriate use of tooth-whitening methods and products depend on the correct diagnosis of the discolouration. When used appropriately, tooth-whitening methods are safe and effective.
Conclusions. Tooth whitening is a form of dental treatment and should be completed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan developed by a dentist after an oral examination.
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Ellakany P, Fouda SM, AlGhamdi MA, Aly NM. Influence of Dental Education on Esthetics Self-Perception and Shade Selection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11547. [PMID: 36141818 PMCID: PMC9517312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A discrepancy is encountered between the esthetic self-perception and the actual need for treatment. The aim was to determine the influence of dental education on the patients' attitude, esthetic self-perceptions, and shade selection. This cross-sectional study asked participants to select the perceived shade of their incisors using a shade guide, and to complete a self-administered questionnaire assessing their attitude regarding teeth shade. The color coordinates (L*, a*, and b*) of their actual shades were recorded clinically, using a digital spectrophotometer. A Pearson correlation assessed the relation between the perceived and actual color coordinates. A linear regression assessed the association between the attitude towards the esthetic self-perception, background factors, and actual shades. A clinical shade selection was done digitally for 536 participants, comprising 40.1% preclinical dental students, 37.3% clinical dental students, and 22.6% non-dental participants. The perceived and actual a* and b* values were significantly correlated in the preclinical students, and L* and b* were correlated in the clinical students. Those who had not received any dental education showed better attitude scores than the clinical students. The color-matching skills were improved by education; therefore, this emphasizes the importance of teaching color selection in dental schools. Dental esthetic self-perception is also improved by increasing knowledge and skills through exposure to a variety of comprehensive dental cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32210, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
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Zaugg FL, Molinero-Mourelle P, Abou-Ayash S, Schimmel M, Brägger U, Wittneben JG. The influence of age and gender on perception of orofacial esthetics among laypersons in Switzerland. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 34:959-968. [PMID: 35324054 PMCID: PMC9545702 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perception and role of orofacial esthetics by laypersons, and how attitudes may be correlated with age and gender in Switzerland. MATERIAL AND METHODS Self-administrated questionnaires (SAQ) were distributed both conventionally and digitally to Swiss residents over 16 years of age (range 16-99 years). The participants were identified in the medical practice, at an open house of the ZMK Bern, in elderly care centers, and via the internet (Facebook and Instagram). To verify that the participants were Swiss residents and laypersons, they were checked by an operator (conventional) or were provided an exact description of eligible participants at the beginning of the SAQ (digital). The SAQ included 30 questions with multiple-choice responses and visual analogue scales (0-100) divided into four sections regarding dental appearance with respect to body esthetics, partner selection, employment and career opportunities, and overall health/quality-of-life. For statistical analysis, respondents were segregated into two age groups (<25 years and ≥25 years) and into two gender groups (male and female). Descriptive analyses, the Fisher exact test, and Welch's t-test were applied (α = 0.05). RESULTS Five hundred and two laypersons completed the SAQ. The study's hypothesis-that various age groups and genders have different perceptions of dental esthetics-was supported. The willingness to correct one's own dentition was lower among older participants (OR: 0.54; p = 0.001); charisma and dental esthetics were considered equally important with a trend toward charisma in both age groups (p = 0.003). The belief that excellent dentition improves employment chances at a job interview (OR: 0.47; p = 0.0003) was significantly lower among older participants, and the belief that dental correction would improve quality-of-life was significantly higher among older participants (OR: 1.81; p = 0.001). The assumption that individuals with attractive teeth appear happier was significantly lower among older respondents (OR: 0.67; p = 0.03). Women were less satisfied with their dental appearance and, proportionally, their willingness to receive correction was significantly higher (OR: 1.79; p = 0.01 and OR: 1.77; p = 0.002 relative to men, respectively). Moreover, male participants had a lower desire to have brighter teeth and undergo bleaching treatments (OR: 0.54; p = 0.002; OR: 0.53; p = 0.002). The proportion of men believing that having beautiful teeth improves attractiveness and employment chances was significantly lower (OR: 0.33; p = 0.02 and OR: 0.66; p = 0.04; respectively). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this observational study, it was concluded that age and gender of laypersons in Switzerland have a significant impact on the perception of dental esthetics. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Evaluating and quantifying perceptions of dental esthetics for daily life across various age groups and genders can improve clinicians' understanding of individual needs in order to offer patient-oriented dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona-Leandra Zaugg
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Molinero-Mourelle
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samir Abou-Ayash
- Section for Digital Implant and Reconstructive Dentistry [DIRecD], Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Urs Brägger
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia-Gabriela Wittneben
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Factors Involved in the Perception of Enamel Dyschromic Lesions-A Questionnaire-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020900. [PMID: 35055723 PMCID: PMC8775837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dyschromic lesions (DLs) of tooth enamel are common disorders, with multiple etiologies and various clinical forms, that raise public health concerns. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the perception of DLs and to assess the perceived need for dental treatment in various clinical cases. A paper-based questionnaire with attached images of frontal teeth exhibiting different DLs was distributed to patients, dental students, and dentists. A total of 383 volunteers participated in this study, and their answers were statistically described and analyzed. This study found that in cases with multiple, well-demarcated areas of opacities associated with diffuse opacities on neighboring teeth, most respondents noticed and reported only the most severe lesions, disregarding the minor ones. The contrast of the lesion with the color of the substrate influenced the overall perception and a significant correlation between these two variables was found. However, the color of the DLs did not significantly impact the overall perception of the lesions. A higher overall perception of DLs was significantly correlated with a favorable opinion regarding the need for treatment. Furthermore, gender and medical background were significantly associated with the overall perception of DLs.
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Pinzan-Vercelino CRM, Freitas KMS, Girão VMP, da Silva DDO, Peloso RM, Pinzan A. Does the use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic impact on oral hygiene habits, oral conditions, reasons to seek dental care and esthetic concerns? J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e369-e375. [PMID: 33841736 PMCID: PMC8020324 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of the use of face masks on oral hygiene habits; oral conditions self-perception; reasons to seek dental treatment; and esthetic concerns. MATERIAL AND METHODS 1346 participants answered a web-based survey with questions related to the aims of the study. Descriptive statistic was performed and the responses were analyzed with chi-square test and regression analysis. RESULTS With the use of masks, toothbrushing frequency decreased significantly, and people are significantly less concerned about oral hygiene. The number of subjects that reported to have halitosis increased significantly and this was associated with a decrease in toothbrushing frequency. The greatest complaints of subjects were teeth color and alignment. The prevalence of bruxism increased significantly. Overall, 94.1% considered that esthetics is important to seek dental care even with the use of masks, and 84.2% are maintaining usual periodic dental care. People are significantly less concerned with their smile and dental esthetics with the use of masks. CONCLUSIONS With the use of face mask, people must be motivated regarding maintaining oral hygiene habits. Some respondents will seek dental care only when masks were no longer necessary, therefore dentists must be aware of a reduction in the volume of patients. Key words:Dental health surveys, esthetics, oral hygiene, dental care, COVID-19, behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Arnaldo Pinzan
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Professor, Department of Orthodontics; Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo (FOB - USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Factors affecting dental self-confidence and satisfaction with dental appearance among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:149. [PMID: 33757507 PMCID: PMC7989082 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental appearance affects facial beauty, social interaction and psychological well-being particularly among adolescents. The aim of the current study was to determine factors affecting adolescent dental self-confidence and satisfaction with dental appearance in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia among 3500 students attending intermediate and high schools. Data was collected from 2637 students using the translated Arabic version of the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) in addition to questions about smile esthetics satisfaction and demographic variables including; gender, age, school grade, and parental level of education. Statistical analysis was performed by using logistic regression to assess the effect of demographical variables on PIDAQ and its domains at 5% significance level. Results About 80% of the participants were satisfied or somewhat satisfied with their smiles. Tooth alignment and tooth color were the most cited reasons for adolescents’ dissatisfaction about their smile, 34% and 33% respectively. Females and participants’ fathers’ university education figured in a statistically significant way regarding higher PIDAQ and aesthetic concerns. Females were 70%, and those with fathers’ university education were 22% more likely to have a negative psychological impact. Females expressed aesthetic concerns nearly two times more than males. Participants whose fathers possessed university education had an aesthetic concern 1.25 times more compared to those whose fathers had no school or limited school education. Females and those with mothers who had university education were less likely to have positive dental self-confidence. Conclusions Most adolescents exhibited satisfaction with their own smiles. Smile dissatisfaction in the remaining participants was related to teeth alignment, color and shape. Females were more concerned with dental esthetics and smile satisfaction than males. Females and participants whose fathers had a university education exhibited higher psychosocial impact than males and those with or without school education. However, males showed greater self-confidence in their dental aesthetics.
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Almufleh B, Emami E, Al-Khateeb A, Del Monte S, Tamimi F. Tooth Shade Preferences among the General Public. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:564-572. [PMID: 32548899 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify laypersons' most preferred tooth shade as a function of observer and patient factors, namely patients' skin shade and observers' socio-demographics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two online surveys using computer-designed perioral images with different shades of the skin and teeth were distributed to participants in Montreal (Canada) and San Francisco (USA). The first survey (n = 120) was designed to assess public preferences of tooth shade value, hue and chroma as a function of the skin color of the perioral image (model), and the demographic characteristics of the observer. The first survey included 6 sets of 9 identical perioral images. A different skin shade (from very dark to very light) was used for each set of images, and each set of images presented teeth with different tooth shades which included three different levels of value (2M1, 3M1, 4M1), hue (3L1.5, 3M1, 3R1.5), and chroma (3M1, 3M2, 3M3) of the Vita 3D Master shade guide. Participants were asked to choose their preferred image for each category (value, hue, chroma) within each set of skin shades. A second survey was performed to pinpoint the tooth shade that is preferred the most by the general public. In this survey, images with four tooth shades (1M1, 2M1, 3M1, 4M1) and 6 skin shades were distributed (n = 70). Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of preferred tooth shades. RESULTS Most of the participants preferred teeth with the highest value (54%), a neutral hue (59%) and the lowest chroma (89%). About 75% of the participants preferred 1M1 the lightest tooth shade over other shades regardless of their demographics or skin color of the model. Among the observer-related variable, age was the most significant predictor of people preferred tooth shade (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION This study showed that there are common preferences in terms of tooth shade value, hue and chroma among participants regardless of demographic variables and facial skin shades. This data could guide dentists for tooth shade selection in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balqees Almufleh
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Emami
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Picos A, Lasserre JF, Chisnoiu AM, Berar AM, d'Incau E, Picos AM, Chira A, des Varannes SB, Dumitrascu DL. Factors associated with dental erosions in gastroesophageal reflux disease: a cross-sectional study in patients with heartburn. Med Pharm Rep 2020; 93:23-29. [PMID: 32133443 PMCID: PMC7051812 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Dental erosion (DE) represents a frequent condition in adults and the elderly. The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considered an important endogenous factor causing dental erosions. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of DE in GERD patients and to establish the correlation between pathogenic intrinsic and extrinsic factors of DE and their relation to GERD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 263 patients (median age 43). Patients with heartburn were recruited in two countries with different prevalence of GERD. Patients were recruited from France (n=158, 60%) and Romania (n=105, 40%) including 163 females and 100 males. The Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index for diagnosis and evaluation of dental erosion was used. Based on the value of BEWE score, each patient was included in a risk group for DE development (low risk: BEWE=3-8, medium risk: BEWE=9-13, high risk: BEWE ≥14). Patients filled a questionnaire regarding GERD symptoms, medications, life style. Salivary parameters (pH and buffering capacity) were also assessed and analyzed. Results DE was significantly more frequent and more severe in GERD subjects than in the non-GERD controls. Low salivary pH but not salivary buffering capacity was associated with BEWE scores. Buffering capacity however was significantly more altered in patients with BEWE score over 9 (medium DE) than in patients with mild DE (BEWE <9). Although extrinsic factors (consumption of citrus fruits, soda drinks) were associated with DE in GERD, there was no statistical correlation with the BEWE score. From the total of 263 patients, 229 (87.1%) presented BEWE score <9, and 34 (12.9%) presented BEWE ≥9. The DE was significantly associated with the presence of GERD (p<0.001). BEWE score >9 was more frequently present in GERD patients (30 patients: 21.3%) than in non GERD patients (4 patients: 3.3%). DE were more frequent in French subjects compared to Romanian subjects. Romanians had lower BEWE scores than the French. Conclusions DE is more frequent and more severe with GERD vs. non-GERD. DE in GERD is associated with extrinsic dietary factors like citrus fruits and soda drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Picos
- Department of Prevention in Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Andrea M Chisnoiu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonela M Berar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emmanuel d'Incau
- Faculté d' Odontologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux, France
| | - Alina M Picos
- Department of Prosthodontics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Chira
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Al-Ansari A, Ellakany P, Fouda S, Al-Sheikh R, El Tantawi M. Intention to seek esthetic dental treatment and the theory of planned behavior in Saudi dental students and the general population. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124:774-779. [PMID: 31952857 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Tooth shade is of major concern for patients when receiving esthetic dental treatment. Understanding the motivating factors that drive patients' intentions to seek esthetic dental treatment helps in planning services. PURPOSE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between the intention to seek esthetic dental treatment and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), including attitude regarding tooth shade, perceived ability to seek treatment, and subjective norms of how others perceive tooth shade. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included first-year dental students and clinic patients in a Saudi dental school (N=283). The shade of the maxillary central incisors was clinically assessed by using the Crystaleye spectrophotometer, and the L*, a*, and b* values were recorded. Participants were asked to select a shade that represented how others perceived their shades by using the VITA classical shade guide and to respond to a self-administered questionnaire based on a TPB assessing attitude regarding shade (9 items), perceived ability to seek esthetic treatment (7 items) on a 5-point Likert scale, and intention to seek esthetic treatment. The internal consistency of the TPB items was assessed, and scores were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with the intention to seek esthetic treatment, including the TPB components controlled for L*, a*, and b* values in addition to age (α=.05). RESULTS Of all participants, 49.5% indicated that they intended to seek esthetic treatment. The most commonly perceived shades were B1, B2, A2, A1, and A3 (76%). In adjusted regression, the intention to seek esthetic treatment was significantly associated with a more positive attitude regarding shade (OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.54, 3.47) and a lower b* value (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.59, 0.93), but not with shade coordinates (P values of L*=.94, a*=.64, and b*=.13). CONCLUSIONS Intention to seek esthetic dental treatment was associated with a positive attitude regarding the importance of shade and a greater perception of having a less yellow shade, regardless of the shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Al-Ansari
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Fouda
- Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Al-Sheikh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Aldhorae K, Alqadasi B, Altawili ZM, Assiry A, Shamalah A, Al-Haidari SA. Perception of Dental Students and Laypersons to Altered Dentofacial Aesthetics. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 10:85-95. [PMID: 32181225 PMCID: PMC7055345 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_340_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: The aims of the study were to comprehensively assess the perception of altered dentofacial aesthetics between dental students and laypersons and to identify the threshold where different variables such gender and clinical training impair dentofacial attractiveness. Materials and Methods: Ten photographs were digitally manipulated involving three facial, two smile, four dental, and one gingival components. Fifty images were randomized and rated according to attractiveness by two groups dental students which subdivided into preclinical students and clinical students, and laypersons. The participants evaluated the original and manipulated images using a visual analog scale. The responses were then analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The results showed threshold levels of noticeable differences between varying levels of discrepancy. The overall perception of aesthetics was high among dental clinical students with the highest perception toward facial profile and the lowest toward gingival margin height. Of the respondents, no differences were found in the perception between male and female participants. Dental students perceived aesthetic components more accurately than laypersons. Conclusion: Dental students group had a better perception of dentofacial aesthetics than included laypersons. Unlike gender, clinical training has a substantial positive effect on the assessment of beauty. Dental students sub divided into dental preclinical students and dental clinical students (clinical training is a variable of all subgroups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Aldhorae
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Basema Alqadasi
- Orthodontic Department, Hospital of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zainab M Altawili
- College of dentistry University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ali Assiry
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamalah
- College of dentistry University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
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Changes in quality of life induced by tooth whitening are not influenced by global self-esteem: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Odontology 2019; 108:143-151. [PMID: 31289971 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate which elements of tooth colour are most influenced by whitening and to identify the short-term changes in satisfaction with smile aesthetics and quality of life induced by tooth whitening and the role of global self-esteem. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to a treated or a placebo group (each group N = 30). Their anterior teeth were bleached with a photo-activated whitening gel, or subjected to a placebo. Lightness, chroma and the translucency of teeth were assessed before and 1 week after the procedure using a spectrophotometer. The Self-Esteem Scale, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire, the Orofacial Aesthetic Scale and the Oral Health Impact Profile were administered to subjects. Changes in colour and chroma were greater in the treated than the placebo group (3.8 ± 1.5 vs. 1.7 ± 1.5 and - 3.2 ± 1.5 vs. 0.0 ± 1.1; p < 0.001). The treated group reported increased satisfaction with appearance and a decrease in psychological and social impacts (p < 0.05). In the placebo group there was no objective change in colour but the subjects reported an increase in satisfaction and dental self-confidence, as well as a decrease in psychological impact (p < 0.05). Self-esteem did not have a moderation nor a mediation effect. In conclusion, patients are not able to accurately detect the colour change induced by tooth whitening after 1 week, but they are also largely suggestible when evaluating the changes in quality of life. Changes in quality of life induced by tooth whitening are not influenced by global self-esteem.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03380702.
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Bersezio C, Ledezma P, Mayer C, Rivera O, Junior OBO, Fernández E. Effectiveness and effect of non-vital bleaching on the quality of life of patients up to 6 months post-treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:3013-3019. [PMID: 29455372 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the esthetic perception of patients at 6 months after bleaching of non-vital teeth with 35% of hydrogen peroxide and 37% of carbamide peroxide using a walking bleach technique. We also assessed psychosocial impacts as well as the clinical effectiveness and stability of the color change. MATERIALS AND METHODS The teeth bleaching treatment was randomly assigned to two groups according to the bleaching agent used: G1 HP = 35% of hydrogen peroxide (n = 25) and G2 CP = 37% of carbamide peroxide (n = 25). The non-vital bleaching was performed in four sessions using the walking bleach technique. The color was objectively (ΔE) and subjectively (ΔSGU) evaluated. The esthetic perception and psychosocial factors were evaluated before treatment as well as one and 6 months post-treatment using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) esthetics and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). RESULTS The color change (ΔE) at 6 months (G1 = 14.53 ± 5.07 and G2 = 14.09 ± 6.61) for both color groups remained stable until the 6-month post-treatment (p > 0.05). There was a decrease in the values of OHIP esthetics and PIDAQ after treatment compared to the baseline (p < 0.05), and this effect was maintained 6 months post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Both agents were highly effective and maintained the color stability at 6 months; this positively affected the esthetic perception and psychosocial impact of patients who also remained stable over time. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Non-vital bleaching produces a positive and stable impact on the esthetic perception and psychosocial factors at medium-term follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Bersezio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad Andres Bello, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Ledezma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Mayer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oriana Rivera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Osmir Batista Oliveira Junior
- University Estadual Paulista-Unesp., School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680-Centro-CEP: 14801-903, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile. .,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile.
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Martin J, Rivas V, Vildósola P, Moncada L, Oliveira Junior OB, Saad JRC, Fernandez E, Moncada G. Personality Style in Patients Looking for Tooth Bleaching and Its Correlation with Treatment Satisfaction. Braz Dent J 2017; 27:60-5. [PMID: 27007348 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years the focus in dentistry has shifted to an "esthetic dentistry" approach, where patients are concerned about reaching a better look of their teeth. Vital tooth bleaching is a technique with immediate results, which improves the appearance and patient's self-esteem. The aim of this study was to recognize personality characteristics determined by the Millon Index of Personality Styles of participants looking for tooth bleaching and to correlate them to satisfaction with the treatment. Forty participants were included and filled out the Millon Index of Personality Styles form before treatment. Expectation about tooth bleaching was quantified from 1 to 5. Patients were treated with bleaching agent according to manufacturer's directions. One week after treatment, the patient's satisfaction was quantified from 1 to 5. Prevailing personality characteristics were determined. Expectations and satisfaction values of all patients were correlated with each of the presented personality scales by Spearman Rho test. Ten scales prevailed over their counterpart. Median of patient's expectation was 2 and satisfaction 4. Only the score of a single characteristic (extraversing) showed statistically significant correlation with patient satisfaction. Patients looking for tooth bleaching treatment seem to have common personality characteristics. Almost all of them wanted to achieve a moderate change in teeth color and the result of the treatment was usually satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vanessa Rivas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Vildósola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Moncada
- Department of Psychology, Social Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Eduardo Fernandez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yamamoto M, Torii K, Sato M, Tanaka J, Tanaka M. Analysis of gaze points for mouth images using an eye tracking system. J Prosthodont Res 2017; 61:379-386. [PMID: 28057443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to clarify whether people stare at non-esthetic restorations by analyzing the gaze point of laypersons looking at mouth images with intraoral non-esthetic restoration. METHODS The gaze points of 47 laypersons who do not visit dentists were measured using an eye tracker. The stimuli were 18 photographs of mouths with or without a non-esthetic tooth restoration, each randomly shown for 5s. The analysis sites included a tooth with non-esthetic restoration and the same tooth on the opposite side of the mouth. We measured the proportion of participants who first fixated on each analysis site, and total fixation time for each site. RESULTS In images without non-esthetic restorations, a similar proportion of participants first fixated on each analysis site. However, more participants first fixated on non-esthetic restorations when the images contained them. Total fixation time for each site did not differ significantly between the left and right sides in the images without non-esthetic restoration (P>0.05). Participants fixated on the non-esthetic restoration significantly more in the images containing them (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, the present findings suggest that in photographs of the mouth with non-esthetic restoration on either side, the non-esthetic restoration is first gazed before the opposite side. In addition, the non-esthetic restoration is gazed longer than the opposite side, and there was no major difference in the fixation time regarding the state of non-esthetic restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yamamoto
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Torii
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
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Herrera A, Martín J, Pérez F, Bonafé E, Reis A, Dourado AL, Fernández E. Is personality relevant in the choice of bleaching? Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2105-2111. [PMID: 26750134 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose was to administer the NEO-FFI personality test to patients who did and did not want to have their teeth bleached and before and after bleaching to the participants who accepted the treatment. The research question is to correlate styles and personality factors with bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 128 patients eligible for bleaching; 58 accepted (AB) while 70 refused (RB). The test was administered to both groups (AB-RB). The group AB was administered before and 1 week after the end of the bleaching. For each personality domain comparison, the Mann-Whitney test was used. For the group AB, the results for each domain before and after bleaching were compared using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the groups (AB-RB) in the extraversion factor (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between any of the personality items before and after bleaching (p > 0.1). The comparison between groups by sex revealed significant differences in extraversion and neuroticism factors. Males who AB scored higher in extraversion than males who RB (p < 0.05). Females scored higher in neuroticism than males who AB (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were personality differences between people who decided to bleach compared with those who did not want the bleaching, which was mainly in the extroversion factor. This stereotypes the patients, who could be described as more sociable, extroverted, and concerned about esthetics and cleanliness. The bleaching protocol, however, cannot modify any of the personality factors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is important to understand a patient's behavior to meet their needs and to determine the type of patients who would like to have their teeth bleached.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herrera
- Department of Basic Sciences-Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Martín
- Department of Restorative Dentistry-Faculty of Dentistry, Dental School, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Pérez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry-Faculty of Dentistry, Dental School, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Bonafé
- Universidade Estadual Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Universidade Estadual Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - A Loguercio Dourado
- Universidade Estadual Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - E Fernández
- Department of Restorative Dentistry-Faculty of Dentistry, Dental School, University of Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Zorić EK, Žagar M, Zlatarić DK. Influence of Gender on the Patient's Assessment of Restorations on the Upper Anterior Teeth. Acta Stomatol Croat 2014; 48:33-41. [PMID: 27688349 DOI: 10.15644/asc48/1/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the level of patients' satisfaction with appearance of maxillary anterior teeth restorations and to determine if there is a significant difference in patients' assessment of restoration appearance with regard to gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred subjects evaluated the colour, anatomical shape and surface texture of maxillary anterior teeth restorations (composite fillings, acrylic faceted metal crowns, porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns and all-ceramic crowns) in comparison with adjacent natural teeth. The data were expressed in patients' average assessment scores for colour, anatomical shape and surface texture as well as overall patients' average assessment scores for every type of restoration and overall patients' average assessment scores for colour, anatomical shape and surface texture of all the restorations in general. Patients also assessed the general impression of their maxillary anterior teeth restorations and rated it as satisfactory or unsatisfactory. RESULTS There was a statistically significant gender difference in patient assessment of colour and surface texture for composite fillings and the overall patient average assessment score for colour of all assessments (p <0.05). Women were more dissatisfied with the general impression of their restorations on the upper teeth than men (p >0.05). Only overall patients' average assessment score for composite restorations almost reached the level of significance (p = 0.069) on patients' general impression. CONCLUSION Colour of the restorations and the composite material are significant factors which affect dental appearance of maxillary anterior teeth in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Žagar
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb
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Wang J, Lin J, Gil M, Da Silva JD, Wright R, Ishikawa-Nagai S. Optical effects of different colors of artificial gingiva on ceramic crowns. J Dent 2013; 41 Suppl 3:e11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Zhao Y, He SL. Development of the Chinese version of the Oro-facial Esthetic Scale. J Oral Rehabil 2013; 40:670-7. [PMID: 23829233 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Oro-facial Esthetic Scale among Chinese-speaking patients. The original Oro-facial Esthetic Scale was cross-culturally adapted in accordance with the international standards to develop a Chinese version (OES-C). Unlike the original Oro-facial Esthetic Scale, the version employed in this study used a 5-point Likert scale with items rated from unsatisfactory to most satisfactory. Psychometric evaluation included the reliability and validity of the OES-C. The reliability of the OES-C was determined through internal consistency and test-retest methods. The validity of OES-C was analysed by content validity, discriminative validity, construct validity and convergent validity. The corrected item-total correlation coefficients of the OES-C ranged from 0·859 to 0·910. The inter-item correlation coefficients between each two of the eight items of the OES-C ranged from 0·766 to 0·922. The values of ICC ranged from 0·79 (95% CI = 0·54-0·98) to 0·93 (95% CI = 0·87-0·99), indicating an excellent agreement. Construct validity was proved by the presence of one-factor structure that accounted for 83·507% of the variance and fitted well into the model. Convergent validity was confirmed by the association between OES-C scores and self-reported oral aesthetics and three questions from the Oral Health Impact Profile related to aesthetics (correlation coefficients ranged from -0·830 to -0·702, P < 0·001). OES-C scores discriminated aesthetically impaired patients from healthy controls. This study provides preliminary evidence concerning the reliability and validity of the OES-C. The results show that the OES-C may be a useful tool for assessment of oro-facial esthetics in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
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