1
|
Huang W, Wu X, Xiang S, Qiao M, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhu Z, Zhao Z. Regulatory of miRNAs in tri-lineage differentiation of C3H10T1/2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:521. [PMID: 36414991 PMCID: PMC9682817 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes, which play a vital role in cell generation, metabolism, apoptosis and stem cell differentiation. C3H10T1/2, a mesenchymal cell extracted from mouse embryos, is capable of osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation. Extensive studies have shown that not only miRNAs can directly trigger targeted genes to regulate the tri-lineage differentiation of C3H10T1/2, but it also can indirectly regulate the differentiation by triggering different signaling pathways or various downstream molecules. This paper aims to clarify the regulatory roles of different miRNAs on C3H10T1/2 differentiation, and discussing their balance effect among osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2. We also review the biogenesis of miRNAs, Wnt signaling pathways, MAPK signaling pathways and BMP signaling pathways and provide some specific examples of how these signaling pathways act on C3H10T1/2 tri-lineage differentiation. On this basis, we hope that a deeper understanding of the differentiation and regulation mechanism of miRNAs in C3H10T1/2 can provide a promising therapeutic method for the clinical treatment of bone defects, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaixi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rhee SM, Kim YH, Park JH, Jeong HJ, Han J, Jeon S, Oh JH. Allogeneic Dermal Fibroblasts Improve Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear Compared With Platelet-Rich Plasma. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:2118-2128. [PMID: 34968652 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of allogeneic dermal fibroblasts (ADFs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tendon-to-bone healing in a rabbit model of chronic rotator cuff tear. METHODS Thirty-two rabbits were divided into 4 groups (8 per group). In 2 groups, the supraspinatus tendon was detached and was left as such for 6 weeks. At 6 weeks after creating the tear model, we performed transosseous repair with 5 × 106 ADFs plus fibrin injection in the left shoulder and PRP plus fibrin in the right shoulder. The relative expression of the COL1, COL3, BMP2, SCX, SOX9, and ACAN genes was assessed at 4 weeks (group A) and 12 weeks (group B) after repair. Histologic and biomechanical evaluations of tendon-to-bone healing at 12 weeks were performed with ADF injection in both shoulders in group C and PRP injection in group D. RESULTS At 4 weeks, COL1 and BMP2 messenger RNA expression was higher in ADF-injected shoulders (1.6 ± 0.8 and 1.0 ± 0.3, respectively) than in PRP-injected shoulders (1.0 ± 0.3 and 0.6 ± 0.3, respectively) (P = .019 and P = .013, respectively); there were no differences in all genes in ADF- and PRP-injected shoulders at 12 weeks (P > .05). Collagen continuity, orientation, and maturation of the tendon-to-bone interface were better in group C than in group D (P = .024, P = .012, and P = .013, respectively) at 12 weeks, and mean load to failure was 37.4 ± 6.2 N/kg and 24.4 ± 5.2 N/kg in group C and group D, respectively (P = .015). CONCLUSIONS ADFs caused higher COL1 and BMP2 expression than PRP at 4 weeks and showed better histologic and biomechanical findings at 12 weeks after rotator cuff repair of the rabbit model. ADFs enhanced healing better than PRP in the rabbit model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study could serve as a transitional study to show the effectiveness of ADFs in achieving tendon-to-bone healing after repair of chronic rotator cuff tears in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Rhee
- Shoulder & Elbow Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Cutigen Research Institute, Tego Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jang Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jikhyon Han
- Cutigen Research Institute, Tego Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saewha Jeon
- Cutigen Research Institute, Tego Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Han Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He J, Zhao B, Huang X, Fu X, Liu G, Tian Y, Wu C, Mao J, Liu J, Gun S, Tian K. Gene network analysis reveals candidate genes related with the hair follicle development in sheep. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:428. [PMID: 35672687 PMCID: PMC9175362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Merino sheep are the most famous fine wool sheep in the world. They have high wool production and excellent wool quality and have attracted worldwide attention. The fleece of the Merino sheep is composed predominantly of wool fibers grown from secondary wool follicles. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of hair follicles to understand the mechanism of wool production. The hair follicle is a complex biological system involved in a dynamic process governed by gene regulation. The hair follicle development process is very complex and poorly understood. The purpose of our research is to identify candidate genes related to hair follicle development, provide a theoretical molecular breeding basis for the cultivation of fine wool sheep, and provide a reference for the problems of hair loss and alopecia areata that affect human beings. Results We analyzed mRNAs data in skin tissues of 18 Merino sheep at four embryonic days (E65, E85, E105 and E135) and two postnatal days (P7 and P30). G1 to G6 represent hair follicles developmental at six stages (i.e. E65 to P30). We identified 7879 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 12623 novel DEGs, revealed different expression patterns of these DEGs at six stages of hair follicle development, and demonstrated their complex interactions. DEGs with stage-specific expression were significantly enriched in epidermal differentiation and development, hair follicle development and hair follicle morphogenesis and were enriched in many pathways related to hair follicle development. The key genes (LAMA5, WNT10A, KRT25, SOSTDC1, ZDHHC21, FZD1, BMP7, LRP4, TGFβ2, TMEM79, SOX10, ITGB4, KRT14, ITGA6, and GLI2) affecting hair follicle morphogenesis were identified by network analysis. Conclusion This study provides a new reference for the molecular basis of hair follicle development and lays a foundation for further improving sheep hair follicle breeding. Candidate genes related to hair follicular development were found, which provided a theoretical basis for molecular breeding for the culture of fine wool sheep. These results are a valuable resource for biological investigations of fleece evolution in animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08552-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixia Huang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of the Fine Wool Sheep & Cashmere Goat in Xinjiang, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guifen Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuezhen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of the Fine Wool Sheep & Cashmere Goat in Xinjiang, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jingyi Mao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu C, Wang M, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Sun W, Wei L, Liu Y. To B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2) or Not to B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2): Mesenchymal Stem Cells May Explain the Protein's Role in Osteosarcomagenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740783. [PMID: 34869325 PMCID: PMC8635864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a primary malignant bone tumor, stems from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and/or committed osteoblast precursors. Distant metastases, in particular pulmonary and skeletal metastases, are common in patients with OS. Moreover, extensive resection of the primary tumor and bone metastases usually leads to bone defects in these patients. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been widely applied in bone regeneration with the rationale that BMP-2 promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. Thus, BMP-2 might be useful after OS resection to repair bone defects. However, the potential tumorigenicity of BMP-2 remains a concern that has impeded the administration of BMP-2 in patients with OS and in populations susceptible to OS with severe bone deficiency (e.g., in patients with genetic mutation diseases and aberrant activities of bone metabolism). In fact, some studies have drawn the opposite conclusion about the effect of BMP-2 on OS progression. Given the roles of BMSCs in the origination of OS and osteogenesis, we hypothesized that the responses of BMSCs to BMP-2 in the tumor milieu may be responsible for OS development. This review focuses on the relationship among BMSCs, BMP-2, and OS cells; a better understanding of this relationship may elucidate the accurate mechanisms of actions of BMP-2 in osteosarcomagenesis and thereby pave the way for clinically safer and broader administration of BMP-2 in the future. For example, a low dosage of and a slow-release delivery strategy for BMP-2 are potential topics for exploration to treat OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Xu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Wei
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hou Y, He YX, Zhang JH, Wang SR, Zhang Y. Effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on epithelial repair. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2269-2277. [PMID: 34233522 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211028193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissue has important functions such as protection, secretion, and sensation. Epithelial damage is involved in various pathological processes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a class of growth factors with multiple functions. They play important roles in epithelial cells, including in differentiation, proliferation, and migration during the repair of the epithelium. This article reviews the functions and mechanisms of the most profoundly studied BMPs in the process of epithelial damage repair and their clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.,Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu-Xi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jia-Hao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.,Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shu-Rong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang K, Du Y, Chen L, Wang L, Li R, Yan Z, Liu Y. Contrary Roles of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in BMP9-Induced Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:347-356. [PMID: 32720112 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes can differentiate to either osteoblasts or adipocytes in response to bone morphogenic protein 9 (BMP9). In the present study, we try to further investigate whether the Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role in this process. It was found that BMP9 effectively activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and induced the expression levels of certain canonical Wnt ligands and their receptors in preadipocytes. Exogenous expression of β-catenin, Wnt1, Wnt3a, and Wnt10b potentiated BMP9-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, while β-catenin knockdown or Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1) diminished BMP9-induced ALP activity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that β-catenin overexpression promoted BMP9-induced mineralization, and increased the expression levels of late osteogenic markers osteopontin and osteocalcin. Furthermore, β-catenin inhibited BMP9-induced lipid accumulation and the adipogenic marker adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2). The cell-implantation assay results identified that β-catenin not only augmented BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation, but also blocked adipogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, it was found that β-catenin and BMP9 synergistically stimulated the osteogenic transcription factors runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (OSX). However, BMP9-induced adipogenic transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), were inhibited by β-catenin. Therefore, these findings suggested that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, potentially via the modulation of osteogenic and adipogenic transcriptional factors, exerts an opposite effect on BMP9-induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in preadipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailu Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Identification and verification of EOMEs regulated network in Alopecia areata. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
8
|
Shen YS, Chen XJ, Wuri SN, Yang F, Pang FX, Xu LL, He W, Wei QS. Polydatin improves osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells by stimulating TAZ expression via BMP2-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:204. [PMID: 32460844 PMCID: PMC7251742 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polydatin (PD), extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum, has shown potential therapeutic applications due to its antiosteoporotic and anti-inflammatory activities. Our previous study suggested that PD promotes the osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) via the BMP2-Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The aim of our present study was to further explore the role of PD-mediated regulation of Tafazzin (TAZ), a transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif, in osteogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS hBMSCs were isolated and treated with PD at various concentrations. Alizarin red staining and RT-qPCR were performed to identify calcium complex deposition in hBMSCs as well as the expression of specific osteoblast-related markers, respectively, in each group. Next, TAZ-silenced hBMSCs were generated by lentivirus-produced TAZ shRNA. After treatment with PD, the osteogenic abilities of the TAZ-silenced and control hBMSCs were estimated by ALP activity assay, and expression of the TAZ protein was detected by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. In vitro, an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model was established and used to evaluate the effect of PD on bone destruction by micro-CT, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. RESULTS In vitro, 30 μM PD significantly improved the proliferation and calcium deposition of hBMSCs and markedly stimulated the expression of the mRNAs RUNX2, Osteopontin, DLX5, β-catenin, TAZ, and Osteocalcin (OCN). Osteogenic differentiation induced by PD was blocked by lentivirus-mediated TAZ shRNA. Furthermore, Noggin (a regulator of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2)) and DKK1 (an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway) were found to inhibit the increase in TAZ expression induced by PD. In vivo, PD prevented estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in the OVX mouse model. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggest that PD improved the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and maintained the bone matrix in the OVX mouse model through the activation of TAZ, a potential target gene of the BMP2-Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shan Shen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sha-Na Wuri
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Pang
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang-Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- Hip Preserving Ward, No. 3 Orthopaedic Region, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- No. 3 Orthopaedic Region and Institute of the Hip Joint, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-Shi Wei
- Hip Preserving Ward, No. 3 Orthopaedic Region, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- No. 3 Orthopaedic Region and Institute of the Hip Joint, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Third Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Institute of orthopedics of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 induces the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling and human trophoblast invasion through up-regulating BAMBI. Cell Signal 2020; 67:109489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
10
|
van Eijl RAPM, van Buggenum JAGL, Tanis SEJ, Hendriks J, Mulder KW. Single-Cell ID-seq Reveals Dynamic BMP Pathway Activation Upstream of the MAF/MAFB-Program in Epidermal Differentiation. iScience 2018; 9:412-422. [PMID: 30466065 PMCID: PMC6249387 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis requires balanced and coordinated adult stem cell renewal and differentiation. These processes are controlled by both extracellular signaling and by cell intrinsic transcription regulatory networks, yet how these control mechanisms are integrated to achieve this is unclear. Here, we developed single-cell Immuno-Detection by sequencing (scID-seq) and simultaneously measured 69 proteins (including 34 phosphorylated epitopes) at single-cell resolution to study the activation state of signaling pathways during human epidermal differentiation. Computational pseudo-timing inference revealed dynamic activation of the JAK-STAT, WNT, and BMP pathways along the epidermal differentiation trajectory. We found that during differentiation, cells start producing BMP2-ligands and activate the canonical intracellular effectors SMAD1/5/9. Mechanistically, the BMP pathway is responsible for activating the MAF/MAFB/ZNF750 transcription factor network to drive late-stage epidermal differentiation. Our work indicates that incorporating signaling pathway activation into this transcription regulatory network enables coordination of transcription programs during epidermal differentiation. scID-seq allows quantification of 70 (phospho-)proteins at single-cell level Pseudo-time inference reveals signaling dynamics during epidermal differentiation BMP signaling drives a late differentiation transcription program BMP signaling activates the MAF/MAFB/ZNF750 transcription factor network
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roderick A P M van Eijl
- Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jessie A G L van Buggenum
- Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine E J Tanis
- Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Hendriks
- Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas W Mulder
- Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nie Y, Li S, Zheng X, Chen W, Li X, Liu Z, Hu Y, Qiao H, Qi Q, Pei Q, Cai D, Yu M, Mou C. Transcriptome Reveals Long Non-coding RNAs and mRNAs Involved in Primary Wool Follicle Induction in Carpet Sheep Fetal Skin. Front Physiol 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 29867522 PMCID: PMC5968378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine primary hair follicle induction is driven by the communication between the mesenchyme and epithelium and mostly governed by signaling pathways including wingless-related integration site (WNT), ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), as observed in genetically modified mouse models. Sheep skin may serve as a valuable system for hair research owing to the co-existence of sweat glands with wool follicles in trunk skin and asynchronized wool follicle growth pattern similar to that of human head hair follicles. However, the mechanisms underlying wool follicle development remain largely unknown. To understand how long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs function in primary wool follicle induction in carpet wool sheep, we conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing and revealed globally altered lncRNAs (36 upregulated and 26 downregulated), mRNAs (228 elevated and 225 decreased), and 80 differentially expressed novel transcripts. Several key signals in WNT (WNT2B and WNT16), BMP (BMP3, BMP4, and BMP7), EDAR (EDAR and EDARADD), and FGF (FGFR2 and FGF20) pathways, and a series of lncRNAs, including XLOC_539599, XLOC_556463, XLOC_015081, XLOC_1285606, XLOC_297809, and XLOC_764219, were shown to be potentially important for primary wool follicle induction. GO and KEGG analyses of differentially expressed mRNAs and potential targets of altered lncRNAs were both significantly enriched in morphogenesis biological processes and transforming growth factor-β, Hedgehog, and PI3K-Akt signaling, as well as focal adhesion and extracellular matrix-receptor interactions. The prediction of mRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-mRNA interaction networks further revealed transcripts potentially involved in primary wool follicle induction. The expression patterns of mRNAs and lncRNAs of interest were validated by qRT-PCR. The localization of XLOC_297809 and XLOC_764219 both in placodes and dermal condensations was detected by in situ hybridization, indicating important roles of lncRNAs in primary wool follicle induction and skin development. This is the first report elucidating the gene network of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with primary wool follicle early development in carpet wool sheep and will shed new light on selective wool sheep breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaomei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - XinTing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenshuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueer Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai, China
| | - Haisheng Qiao
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai, China
| | - Quanqing Qi
- Sanjiaocheng Sheep Breeding Farm, Qinghai, China
| | - Quanbang Pei
- Sanjiaocheng Sheep Breeding Farm, Qinghai, China
| | - Danzhuoma Cai
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Qinghai, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Mou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qiao J, An N. Effect of concentrated growth factors on function and Wnt3a expression of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Platelets 2016; 28:281-286. [PMID: 27598415 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1213381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiao
- Department of Periodontology, the First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Na An
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Suliman S, Mustafa K, Krueger A, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Finne-Wistrand A, Osdal T, Hamza AO, Sun Y, Parajuli H, Waag T, Nickel J, Johannessen AC, McCormack E, Costea DE. Nanodiamond modified copolymer scaffolds affects tumour progression of early neoplastic oral keratinocytes. Biomaterials 2016; 95:11-21. [PMID: 27108402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the tumorigenic potential of functionalising poly(LLA-co-CL) scaffolds. The copolymer scaffolds were functionalised with nanodiamonds (nDP) or with nDP and physisorbed BMP-2 (nDP-PHY) to enhance osteoinductivity. Culturing early neoplastic dysplastic keratinocytes (DOK(Luc)) on nDP modified scaffolds reduced significantly their subsequent sphere formation ability and decreased significantly the cells' proliferation in the supra-basal layers of in vitro 3D oral neoplastic mucosa (3D-OT) when compared to DOK(Luc) previously cultured on nDP-PHY scaffolds. Using an in vivo non-invasive environmentally-induced oral carcinogenesis model, nDP scaffolds were observed to reduce bioluminescence intensity of tumours formed by DOK(Luc) + carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF). nDP modification was also found to promote differentiation of DOK(Luc) both in vitro in 3D-OT and in vivo in xenografts formed by DOK(Luc) alone. The nDP-PHY scaffold had the highest number of invasive tumours formed by DOK(Luc) + CAF outside the scaffold area compared to the nDP and control scaffolds. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo results presented here demonstrate that nDP modified copolymer scaffolds are able to decrease the tumorigenic potential of DOK(Luc), while confirming concerns for the therapeutic use of BMP-2 for reconstruction of bone defects in oral cancer patients due to its tumour promoting capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway; Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Anna Finne-Wistrand
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tereza Osdal
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Amani O Hamza
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Himalaya Parajuli
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thilo Waag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Translational Center 'Regenerative Therapies for Oncology and Musculoskeletal Diseases'- Würzburg Branch, Germany
| | - Anne Christine Johannessen
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moura J, da Silva L, Cruz MT, Carvalho E. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of bone morphogenetic proteins and activins in the skin: potential benefits for wound healing. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 305:557-69. [PMID: 23800970 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and activins are phylogenetically conserved proteins, belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, that signal through the phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smad proteins, activating different cell responses. They are involved in various steps of skin morphogenesis and wound repair, as can be evidenced by the fact that their expression is increased in skin injuries. BMPs play not only a role in bone regeneration but are also involved in cartilage, tendon-like tissue and epithelial regeneration, maintain vascular integrity, capillary sprouting, proliferation/migration of endothelial cells and angiogenesis, promote neuron and dendrite formation, alter neuropeptide levels and are involved in immune response modulation, at least in animal models. On the other hand, activins are involved in wound repair through the regulation of skin and immune cell migration and differentiation, re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation, and also promote the expression of collagens by fibroblasts and modulate scar formation. This review aims at enunciating the effects of BMPs and activins in the skin, namely in skin development, as well as in crucial phases of skin wound healing, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and repair, and will focus on the effects of these proteins on skin cells and their signaling pathways, exploring the potential therapeutic approach of the application of BMP-2, BMP-6 and activin A in chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Moura
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dao DY, Jonason JH, Zhang Y, Hsu W, Chen D, Hilton MJ, O'Keefe RJ. Cartilage-specific β-catenin signaling regulates chondrocyte maturation, generation of ossification centers, and perichondrial bone formation during skeletal development. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1680-94. [PMID: 22508079 PMCID: PMC3399946 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is a critical regulator of chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation during multiple phases of cartilage and bone development. Although the importance of β-catenin signaling during the process of endochondral bone development has been previously appreciated using a variety of genetic models that manipulate β-catenin in skeletal progenitors and osteoblasts, genetic evidence demonstrating a specific role for β-catenin in committed growth-plate chondrocytes has been less robust. To identify the specific role of cartilage-derived β-catenin in regulating cartilage and bone development, we studied chondrocyte-specific gain- and loss-of-function genetic mouse models using the tamoxifen-inducible Col2Cre(ERT2) transgene in combination with β-catenin(fx(exon3)/wt) or β-catenin(fx/fx) floxed alleles, respectively. From these genetic models and biochemical data, three significant and novel findings were uncovered. First, cartilage-specific β-catenin signaling promotes chondrocyte maturation, possibly involving a bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2)-mediated mechanism. Second, cartilage-specific β-catenin facilitates primary and secondary ossification center formation via the induction of chondrocyte hypertrophy, possibly through enhanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression at sites of cartilage degradation, and potentially by enhancing Indian hedgehog (IHH) signaling activity to recruit vascular tissues. Finally, cartilage-specific β-catenin signaling promotes perichondrial bone formation possibly via a mechanism in which BMP2 and IHH paracrine signals synergize to accelerate perichondrial osteoblastic differentiation. The work presented here supports the concept that the cartilage-derived β-catenin signal is a central mediator for major events during endochondral bone formation, including chondrocyte maturation, primary and secondary ossification center development, vascularization, and perichondrial bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Y Dao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Influence of human adipose-derived stromal cells on Wnt signaling in organotypic skin culture. J Craniofac Surg 2011; 22:694-8. [PMID: 21415638 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3182077fa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) produce various cytokines. Also, there is a growing opinion that a large proportion of the useful effects of cell therapy may be attributable to the secretion of cytokines. Several reports suggested beneficial effects of hASCs on skin. These include antioxidant activity, accelerated wound healing, whitening effects, and antiaging. We investigated the effect of hASCs on skin Wnt signaling, which is associated with skin regeneration and differentiation. METHODS Pieces of human skin were cocultured with hASCs, and 2 chambered transwell culture plates were used to prevent direct contact between hASCs and skin. In the control group, pieces of skin were cultured without hASCs. Wnt1, Axin2, TCF1, LEF1, and DKK1 mRNA expressions were quantitatively assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of β-catenin were compared using Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The Wnt1 and LEF1 mRNA expression of cultured skin was positively influenced by the presence of hASCs in culture medium (P<0.05). The total β-catenin protein level in hASC-cocultured skin was higher than that of the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the β-catenin-stained area of dermis was larger in the hASC-cocultured group than in the control group, and most of the positively stained cells in the dermis were fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study showed that hASCs promoted canonical Wnt signaling in organotypic skin culture through paracrine effects, and the increased Wnt signaling was mainly due to dermal fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
OLs (oligodendrocytes) are the myelinating cells of the CNS (central nervous system), wrapping axons in conductive sheathes to ensure effective transmission of neural signals. The regulation of OL development, from precursor to mature myelinating cell, is controlled by a variety of inhibitory and inductive signalling factors. The dorsal spinal cord contains signals that inhibit OL development, possibly to prevent premature and ectopic precursor differentiation. The Wnt and BMP (bone morphogenic protein) signalling pathways have been identified as dorsal spinal cord signals with overlapping temporal activity, and both have similar inhibitory effects on OL differentiation. Both these pathways feature prominently in many developmental processes and demyelinating events after injury, and they are known to interact in complex inductive, inhibitive and synergistic manners in many developing systems. The interaction between BMP and Wnt signalling in OL development, however, has not been extensively explored. In the present study, we examine the relationship between the canonical Wnt and BMP pathways. We use pharmacological and genetic paradigms to show that both Wnt3a and BMP4 will inhibit OL differentiation in vitro. We also show that when the canonical BMP signalling pathway is blocked, neither Wnt3a nor BMP4 have inhibitory effects on OL differentiation. In contrast, abrogating the Wnt signalling pathway does not alter the actions of BMP4 treatment. Our results indicate that the BMP signalling pathway is necessary for the canonical Wnt signalling pathway to exert its effects on OL development, but not vice versa, suggesting that Wnt signals upstream of BMP.
Collapse
|
18
|
Borrelli S, Candi E, Hu B, Dolfini D, Ravo M, Grober OMV, Weisz A, Dotto GP, Melino G, Viganò MA, Mantovani R. The p63 target HBP1 is required for skin differentiation and stratification. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1896-907. [PMID: 20523354 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic experiments established that p63 is crucial for the development and maintenance of pluristratified epithelia. In the RNA interference (RNAi) screening for targets of p63 in keratinocytes, we identified the transcription factor, High Mobility Group (HMG) box protein 1 (HBP1). HBP1 is an HMG-containing repressor transiently induced during differentiation of several cell lineages. We investigated the relationship between the two factors: using RNAi, overexpression, chromatin immunoprecipitations and transient transfections with reporter constructs, we established that HBP1 is directly repressed by p63. This was further confirmed in vivo by evaluating expression in p63 knockout mice and in transgenics expressing p63 in basal keratinocytes. Consistent with these findings, expression of HBP1 increases upon differentiation of primary keratinocytes and HaCaT cells in culture, and it is higher in the upper layers of human skin. Inactivation of HBP1 by RNAi prevents differentiation of keratinocytes and stratification of organotypic skin cultures. Finally, we analyzed the keratinocyte transcriptomes after HBP1 RNAi; in addition to repression of growth-promoting genes, unexpected activation of differentiation genes was uncovered, coexisting with repression of other genes involved in epithelial cornification. Our data indicate that suppression of HBP1 is part of the growth-promoting strategy of p63 in the lower layers of epidermis and that HBP1 temporally coordinates expression of genes involved in stratification, leading to the formation of the skin barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Borrelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 is expressed in prostate cancer metastases and its effects on prostate tumor cells depend on cell phenotype and the tumor microenvironment. Neoplasia 2010; 12:192-205. [PMID: 20126477 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is important in prostate development and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, because of the multiple effects of different BMPs, no final conclusions have been made as to the role of BMPs in PCa. In our studies, we have focused on BMP-7 because it is involved in prostate morphogenesis, and its expression is regulated by androgens. The objective of our study was to determine BMP-7 expression in PCa metastases and investigate the effects of BMP-7 on PCa cells. Our results show that BMP-7 is expressed in metastatic PCa and its levels are increased in castration-resistant PCa versus androgen-dependent PCa, whereas the expression of BMP-7 is decreased in primary PCa versus normal prostate. Our in vitro results show that BMP-7 inhibits proliferation of androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, stimulates androgen receptor signaling, increases the expression of differentiation-associated genes, and decreases the levels of some wingless-regulated transcripts. Interestingly, these effects were not detected in C4-2 castration-resistant PCa cells. In vivo expression of BMP-7 in castration-resistant C4-2 cells did not alter proliferation when these cells were grown subcutaneously, but their growth was inhibited in the bone environment. In summary, our results show that BMP-7 is expressed at the highest level in advanced castration-resistant PCa cells and that the inhibitory effects of BMP-7 are dependent on the differentiation status of PCa cells and the tumor microenvironment. Further studies are needed to identify changes in BMP-7 signaling that lead to the loss of its control of proliferation during PCa progression.
Collapse
|
20
|
Itasaki N, Hoppler S. Crosstalk between Wnt and bone morphogenic protein signaling: a turbulent relationship. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:16-33. [PMID: 19544585 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt and the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathways are evolutionarily conserved and essentially independent signaling mechanisms, which, however, often regulate similar biological processes. Wnt and BMP signaling are functionally integrated in many biological processes, such as embryonic patterning in Drosophila and vertebrates, formation of kidney, limb, teeth and bones, maintenance of stem cells, and cancer progression. Detailed inspection of regulation in these and other tissues reveals that Wnt and BMP signaling are functionally integrated in four fundamentally different ways. The molecular mechanism evolved to mediate this integration can also be summarized in four different ways. However, a fundamental aspect of functional and mechanistic interaction between these pathways relies on tissue-specific mechanisms, which are often not conserved and cannot be extrapolated to other tissues. Integration of the two pathways contributes toward the sophisticated means necessary for creating the complexity of our bodies and the reliable and healthy function of its tissues and organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobue Itasaki
- Division of Developmental Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gerhardinger C, Dagher Z, Sebastiani P, Park YS, Lorenzi M. The transforming growth factor-beta pathway is a common target of drugs that prevent experimental diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2009; 58:1659-67. [PMID: 19401417 PMCID: PMC2699853 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prevention of diabetic retinopathy would benefit from availability of drugs that preempt the effects of hyperglycemia on retinal vessels. We aimed to identify candidate drug targets by investigating the molecular effects of drugs that prevent retinal capillary demise in the diabetic rat. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the gene expression profile of retinal vessels isolated from rats with 6 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and compared it with that of control rats. We then tested whether the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil and aspirin, which have different mechanisms of action, prevented common molecular abnormalities induced by diabetes. The Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 array was complemented by real-time RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The retinal vessels of diabetic rats showed differential expression of 20 genes of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta pathway, in addition to genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular remodeling, and apoptosis. The complete loop of TGF-beta signaling, including Smad2 phosphorylation, was enhanced in the retinal vessels, but not in the neural retina. Sorbinil normalized the expression of 71% of the genes related to oxidative stress and 62% of those related to inflammation. Aspirin had minimal or no effect on these two categories. The two drugs were instead concordant in reducing the upregulation of genes of the TGF-beta pathway (55% for sorbinil and 40% for aspirin) and apoptosis (74 and 42%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Oxidative and inflammatory stress is the distinct signature that the polyol pathway leaves on retinal vessels. TGF-beta and apoptosis are, however, the ultimate targets to prevent the capillary demise in diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gerhardinger
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cho SW, Yang JY, Sun HJ, Jung JY, Her SJ, Cho HY, Choi HJ, Kim SW, Kim SY, Shin CS. Wnt inhibitory factor (WIF)-1 inhibits osteoblastic differentiation in mouse embryonic mesenchymal cells. Bone 2009; 44:1069-77. [PMID: 19254785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 01/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Wnt inhibitory factor (WIF)-1 belongs to the members of secreted modulators of Wnt proteins. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs), another member of Wnt modulators, have been shown to play differential roles in Wnt signaling depending on the subtypes and cell models. This study was undertaken to investigate the functional role of WIF-1 in osteoblastic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells. C3H10T1/2 cells express endogenous WIF-1 and its expression level decreases during osteoblastogenesis. Treatment of C3H10T1/2 cells with WIF-1 significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities induced by either osteogenic medium (OM, ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate) or Wnt-3a conditioned medium (CM) in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the expression level of endogenous WIF-1 increased during adipogenesis and WIF-1 treatment resulted in increased adipogenesis. C3H10T1/2 cells transduced with WIF-1 retrovirus also exhibited reduced ALP activity and decreased mRNA expression of Runx2, collagen type 1, ALP and osteocalcin during osteoblastic differentiation compared to empty virus-transduced cells. Moreover, treatment with WIF-1 dose-dependently attenuates beta-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) transcriptional activity in this cell line. Finally, knockdown of WIF-1 in C3H10T1/2 cells by RNA interference leads to increase in ALP activities. Collectively, these results indicate that WIF-1 plays as a negative regulator of osteoblastic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dai J, Hall CL, Escara-Wilke J, Mizokami A, Keller JM, Keller ET. Prostate cancer induces bone metastasis through Wnt-induced bone morphogenetic protein-dependent and independent mechanisms. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5785-94. [PMID: 18632632 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is frequently accompanied by osteosclerotic (i.e., excessive bone production) bone metastases. Although bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and Wnts are mediators of PCa-induced osteoblastic activity, the relation between them in PCa bone metastases is unknown. The goal of this study was to define this relationship. Wnt3a and Wnt5a administration or knockdown of DKK-1, a Wnt inhibitor, induced BMP-4 and 6 expression and promoter activation in PCa cells. DKK-1 blocked Wnt activation of the BMP promoters. Transfection of C4-2B cells with axin, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling, blocked Wnt3a but not Wnt5a induction of the BMP promoters. In contrast, Jnk inhibitor I blocked Wnt5a but not Wnt3a induction of the BMP promoters. Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and conditioned medium (CM) from C4-2B or LuCaP23.1 cells induced osteoblast differentiation in vitro. The addition of DKK-1 and Noggin, a BMP inhibitor, to CM diminished PCa CM-induced osteoblast differentiation in a synergistic fashion. However, pretreatment of PCa cells with DKK-1 before collecting CM blocked osteoblast differentiation, whereas pretreatment with Noggin only partially reduced osteoblast differentiation, and pretreatment with both DKK-1 and Noggin had no greater effect than pretreatment with DKK-1 alone. Additionally, knockdown of BMP expression in C4-2B cells inhibited Wnt-induced osteoblastic activity. These results show that PCa promotes osteoblast differentiation through canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways that stimulate both BMP-dependent and BMP-independent osteoblast differentiation. These results show a clear link between Wnts and BMPs in PCa-induced osteoblast differentiation and provide novel targets, including the noncanonical Wnt pathway, for therapy of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Dai
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0940, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Smads are a group of signaling mediators and antagonists of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, responding but not limited to signaling from TGF-beta, Activin, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). As all of these three signaling pathways play important roles in skin development, we have been actively pursuing studies assessing the role of Smads in skin development. Our studies revealed that Smad-4 affects hair follicle differentiation primarily by mediating BMP signaling. Smad-7 significantly affects hair follicle development and differentiation by blocking the TGFbeta/Activin/BMP pathway and by inhibiting WNT/beta-catenin signaling via ubiquitin-mediated beta-catenin degradation. In contrast, other Smads may have redundant or dispensable functions in skin development. Here, we review the work that shows the emergence of Smad functions in skin development via traditional and novel signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Q, Kannan A, Wang W, Demayo FJ, Taylor RN, Bagchi MK, Bagchi IC. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 functions via a conserved signaling pathway involving Wnt4 to regulate uterine decidualization in the mouse and the human. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:31725-32. [PMID: 17711857 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704723200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical role of progesterone (P) during early pregnancy is to induce differentiation of the endometrial stromal cells into specialized decidual cells that support the development of the implanting embryo. The P-induced signaling pathways that participate in the formation and function of the decidual cells remain poorly understood. We report here that the expression of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), a morphogen belonging to the TGFbeta superfamily, is induced downstream of P action in the mouse uterine stroma during decidualization. To determine the function of BMP2 during this differentiation process, we employed a primary culture system in which undifferentiated stromal cells isolated from pregnant mouse uterus undergo decidualization. When recombinant BMP2 was added to these stromal cultures, it markedly advanced the differentiation program. We also found that siRNA-mediated silencing of BMP2 expression in these cells efficiently blocked the differentiation process. Gene expression profiling experiments identified Wnt4 as a downstream target of BMP2 regulation in stromal cells undergoing decidualization. Attenuation of Wnt4 expression by siRNAs greatly reduced stromal differentiation in vitro, indicating that it is a key mediator of BMP2-induced decidualization. We also observed a remarkable induction in the expression of BMP2 in human endometrial stromal cells during decidualization in vitro in response to steroids and cAMP. Addition of BMP2 to these cultures led to a robust enhancement of Wnt4 expression and stimulated the differentiation process. Collectively, our studies uncovered a unique conserved pathway involving BMP2 and Wnt4 that mediates P-induced stromal decidualization in the mouse and the human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanxi Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zou Y, Lyuksyutova AI. Morphogens as conserved axon guidance cues. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2007; 17:22-8. [PMID: 17267201 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Morphogen family proteins are now widely appreciated as axon guidance cues. Because their roles as morphogens are highly conserved across phylogeny, their functional conservation in axon guidance is now being rigorously examined. Recent studies suggest that morphogens are important in shaping topographic projections in chick and Drosophila visual systems, a process that occurs even later in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zou
- Biological Sciences Division Neurobiology Section, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Pacific Hall - Room 1220, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
zur Nieden NI, Price FD, Davis LA, Everitt RE, Rancourt DE. Gene profiling on mixed embryonic stem cell populations reveals a biphasic role for beta-catenin in osteogenic differentiation. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 21:674-85. [PMID: 17170073 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into osteoblasts is enhanced to 60% when exposed to vitamin D3 (VD3) but leaves a remainder of one half of the cell population unidentified. To increase differentiation outcome, the known osteoinducers retinoic acid (RA) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were evaluated. Initial studies using RA and BMP-2 during early osteogenesis in addition to VD3 increased osteogenic yield in the case of RA, but surprisingly decreased osteogenesis when BMP-2 was administered together with VD3 or RA. This paper describes a comprehensive microarray study examining the gene expression profile of differentiating osteoblasts in these mixed ESC populations. In addition to five other families of signaling molecules (insulin growth factors, prostaglandin, follistatin, TGFbeta2, and Wnt molecules), we identified an endogenous expression pattern for BMPs and RA that differed from our previous exogenous administration of these molecules. By mimicking the change in expression of the RA and BMP-2 families with exogenous supplementation at the correct time, it was then possible to increase the number of ESC-derived osteoblasts to 90%. This effect was mediated through alteration in beta-catenin (CatnB) expression levels and nuclear CatnB activity, both of which are modulated by VD3, RA, and BMP-2. Our results suggest that blockage of CatnB activity by VD3 and RA is opposed by induction of CatnB activity through BMP-2 when administered together. Hence, osteoinduction, in vitro, is an intricate process involving both temporal and quantitative changes in gene expression and CatnB activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I zur Nieden
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nair S, Xu C, Shen G, Hebbar V, Gopalakrishnan A, Hu R, Jain MR, Lin W, Keum YS, Liew C, Chan JY, Kong ANT. Pharmacogenomics of Phenolic Antioxidant Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) in the Small Intestine and Liver of Nrf2 Knockout and C57BL/6J Mice. Pharm Res 2006; 23:2621-37. [PMID: 16969697 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacogenomics and the spatial regulation of global gene expression profiles elicited by cancer chemopreventive agent butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in mouse small intestine and liver as well as to identify BHA-modulated nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent genes. METHODS C57BL/6J (+/+; wildtype) and C57BL/6J/Nrf2(-/-; knockout) mice were administered a single 200 mg/kg oral dose of BHA or only vehicle. Both small intestine and liver were collected at 3 h after treatment and total RNA was extracted. Gene expression profiles were analyzed using 45,000 Affymetrix mouse genome 430 2.0 array and GeneSpring 7.2 software. Microarray results were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses. RESULTS Clusters of genes that were either induced or suppressed more than two fold by BHA treatment compared with vehicle in C57BL/6J/Nrf2(-/-; knockout) and C57BL/6J Nrf2 (+/+; wildtype) mice genotypes were identified. Amongst these, in small intestine and liver, 1,490 and 493 genes respectively were identified as Nrf2-dependent and upregulated, and 1,090 and 824 genes respectively as Nrf2-dependent and downregulated. Based on their biological functions, these genes can be categorized into ubiquitination/proteolysis, apoptosis/cell cycle, electron transport, detoxification, cell growth/differentiation, transcription factors/interacting partners, kinases and phosphatases, transport, biosynthesis/metabolism, RNA/protein processing and nuclear assembly, and DNA replication genes. Phase II detoxification/antioxidant genes as well as novel molecular target genes, including putative interacting partners of Nrf2 such as nuclear corepressors and coactivators, were also identified as Nrf2-dependent genes. CONCLUSIONS The identification of BHA-regulated and Nrf2-dependent genes not only provides potential novel insights into the gestalt biological effects of BHA on the pharmacogenomics and spatial regulation of global gene expression profiles in cancer chemoprevention, but also points to the pivotal role of Nrf2 in these biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Nair
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Secreted Wnt proteins control a diverse array of developmental decisions. A recent analysis of the zebrafish mutant prometheus points to a previously unknown role for Wnts during liver specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë D Burke
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lian JB, Stein GS, Javed A, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Montecino M, Hassan MQ, Gaur T, Lengner CJ, Young DW. Networks and hubs for the transcriptional control of osteoblastogenesis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2006; 7:1-16. [PMID: 17051438 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-006-9001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present an overview of the concepts of tissue-specific transcriptional control mechanisms essential for development of the bone cell phenotype. BMP2 induced transcription factors constitute a network of activities and molecular switches for bone development and osteoblast differentiation. Among these regulators are Runx2 (Cbfa1/AML3), the principal osteogenic master gene for bone formation, as well as homeodomain proteins and osterix. Runx2 has multiple regulatory activities, including activation or repression of gene expression, and integration of biological signals from developmental cues, such as BMP/TGFbeta, Wnt and Src signaling pathways. Runx2 provides a new paradigm for transcriptional control by functioning as a principal scaffolding protein in nuclear microenvironments to control gene expression in response to physiologic signals (growth factors, cytokines and hormones). The protein serves as a hub for the coordination of activities essential for the expansion and differentiation of osteogenic lineage cells through the formation of co-regulatory protein complexes organized in subnuclear domains. Mechanisms by which Runx2 supports commitment to osteogenesis and determines cell fate involve its retention on mitotic chromosomes. Disruption of a unique protein module, the subnuclear targeting signal of Runx2, has profound effects on osteoblast differentiation and metastasis of cancer cells in the bone microenvironment. Runx2 target genes include regulators of cell growth control, components of the bone extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and signaling proteins for development of the osteoblast phenotype and bone turnover. The specificity of Runx2 regulatory activities provides a basis for novel therapeutic strategies to correct bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane B Lian
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|