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Udvary J, Schwerd R, Johann S, Helmreich B. Non-metal roofing materials as potential sources of pollutants- laboratory leaching studies on various roofing materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 491:137972. [PMID: 40117773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Revised: 02/25/2025] [Accepted: 03/15/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff from urban surfaces contains pollutants that harm the water quality of surface or groundwater bodies. While runoff quality from metal roofs has already been widely studied, the contribution of non-metal roofing materials to stormwater pollution is still unclear. A leaching test was conducted to determine the substance emission from non-metal roofing materials. Analyzing parameters in the leachate of eight leaching rounds at predefined time intervals allowed for determining area release rates and leaching mechanisms. The test was conducted with commonly used materials applied on inclined roofs: clay tiles, concrete tiles, fiber cement, bitumen shingles, wood shingles, and plastic roofing tiles. The scope of the analysis is based on substances repeatedly detected in stormwater: anions, cations, heavy metals, biocides, phthalates, PCBs, PFAS, PAHs, nonylphenols, and Bisphenol A. Several roofing materials released relevant amounts of hazardous substances impacting water quality. Clay tiles are a source of vanadium, manganese, and arsenic. Treated wood shingles release ammonium, boron, copper, and Bisphenol A. Fiber cement and concrete roofing tiles are a source of biocides. Bitumen shingles released Bisphenol A. Further research is recommended regarding leaching in long-term field experiments to evaluate the impact of real weather conditions and on developing treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Udvary
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Regina Schwerd
- Department Environment, Hygiene and Sensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, IBP, Fraunhoferstrasse 10, Valley 83626, Germany
| | - Sabine Johann
- Department Environment, Hygiene and Sensor Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, IBP, Fraunhoferstrasse 10, Valley 83626, Germany
| | - Brigitte Helmreich
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, Garching 85748, Germany.
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2
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Liu YH, Mei YX, Wang JY, Chen SS, Chen JL, Li N, Liu WR, Zhao JL, Zhang QQ, Ying GG. Precipitation contributes to alleviating pollution of rubber-derived chemicals in receiving watersheds: Combining confluent stormwater runoff from different functional areas. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 264:122240. [PMID: 39146854 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The release of rubber-derived chemicals (RDCs) in road surface runoff has received significant attention. Urban surface runoff is often the confluence of stormwater runoff from specific areas. However, the impact of precipitation on RDCs contamination in confluent stormwater runoff and receiving watersheds remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the profiles of RDCs and their transformation products in confluent stormwater runoff and receiving rivers affected by precipitation events. The results showed that 34 RDCs are ubiquitously present in confluent stormwater runoff and surface water, with mean concentrations of 1.03-2749 and 0.28-436 ng/L, respectively. The most dominant target compounds in each category were N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), 6PPD-quinone, 2-benzothiazolol, and 1,3-diphenylguanidine. Total RDCs concentrations in confluent stormwater runoff decreased spatially from industrial areas to business districts to college towns. A significant decrease in RDCs levels in surface water after rainfall was observed (P < 0.01), indicating that precipitation contributes to alleviating RDCs pollution in receiving watersheds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N,N'-ditolyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (DTPD-Q) levels in surface waters in China. The annual mass load of ∑RDCs reached 72,818 kg/y in confluent stormwater runoff, while 38,799 kg/y in surface water. The monitoring of confluent stormwater runoff is an efficient measure for predicting contamination loads from RDCs in rivers. Risk assessment suggested that most RDCs posed at least medium risks to aquatic organisms, especially 6PPD-quinone. The findings help to understand the environmental fate and risks of RDCs in the confluent stormwater runoff and receiving environments after precipitation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xian Mei
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yi Wang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Rong Liu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PR China, Guangzhou 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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3
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André C, Auclair J, Gagné F. The influence of rainfall events on the toxicity of urban wastewaters to freshwater mussels Elliptio complanata. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109842. [PMID: 38237842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The cumulative impacts of rainfall frequency and intensity towards the ecotoxicity of urban pollution is gaining more and more attention in these times of climate change. The purpose of this study was to examine the ecotoxicological impacts of combined sewers overflows and municipal effluent discharge sites during 3 periods (years) of varying intensity precipitations to freshwater mussels Elliptio complanata. Mussels were placed in benthic cages for 3 months during the summer at 2 overflow discharge and 8 km downstream sites including an upstream site for three consecutive years with low (164 mm), medium (182 mm) and high (248 mm) amounts of rain. The results revealed that the effects were mainly influenced by suspended matter loadings and to the dissolved components to a lesser extent. Impacts at the downstream and overflow sites were noticeable at the reproduction (vitellogenin), genotoxicity, neurotoxicity (dopamine and serotonin changes) levels in addition to xenobiotic biotransformation revealed by glutathione S-transferase activity and metallothioneins for organic and heavy metals respectively. The site downstream the effluent produced most of the effects compared to the overflow sites in the Saint-Lawrence River. However, the impacts of combined sewers overflows could become problematic in low dilution systems such as small river and lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C André
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - J Auclair
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - F Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada..
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4
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Thorndahl S, Nielsen JM, Rasmussen MR. Model-based prediction of bathing water quality in a lake polluted by fecal coliform bacteria from combined sewer overflows. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 349:119483. [PMID: 39491938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
In the European Union, recreational water quality is regulated by the bathing water directive, which requires authorities to regularly take water samples to identify fecal bacterial pollution, which can compromise the bathing water quality at designated recreational bathing water areas. Using a case study from Lake Knudsøin Denmark, this paper shows that the bathing water quality occasionally is compromised by overflows from combined sewer systems. Due to the randomness in the frequency of overflow occurrences, the entailing decrease in bathing water quality is not normally detected by the regulatory sampling campaigns. By dedicated sampling campaigns conducted in this project in the proximity of outlets and recreational bathing areas and by hydrodynamical transport modeling, it is shown that the transport patterns of pollutants are crucially and rapidly dependent on dynamic conditions. The occasional short-term pollution by fecal bacteria and consequent decrease in bathing water quality are, therefore, challenging to capture (both spatially and temporally) by regular water sampling. Rather than increasing the frequency of water sampling, an online model-based warning system for fecal bacteria contamination in bathing areas is proposed. This warning system framework includes: (1) dynamical modeling of combined sewer overflow based on rainfall over a catchment area, (2) a hydrodynamical model that simulates current fields in multiple vertical layers based on wind forcing and water fluxes, and (3) a particle dispersion model which provides an estimate of pollutant concentrations. The output from the model has shown potential to issue bathing prohibition if there is a risk of fecal bacteria concentrations below the criteria for good bathing water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Thorndahl
- Aalborg University, Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg, Denmark.
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5
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Gao Z, Zhang Q, Li J, Wang Y, Dzakpasu M, Wang XC. First flush stormwater pollution in urban catchments: A review of its characterization and quantification towards optimization of control measures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117976. [PMID: 37121004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Identification, quantification, and control of First-Flush (FF) are considered extremely crucial in urban stormwater management. This paper reviews the methods for FF phenomenon identification, characteristics of pollutants flushes, technologies for FF pollution control, and the relationships among these factors. It further discusses FF quantification methods and optimization of control measures, aiming to reveal directions for future studies on FF management. Results showed that statistical analyses and Runoff Pollutographs Applying Curve (RPAC) fitting modelling of wash-off processes are the most applicable FF identification methods currently available. Furthermore, deep insights into the pollutant mass flushing of roof runoff may be a critical approach to characterizing FF stormwater. Finally, a novel strategy for FF control is established comprising multi-stage objectives, coupling LID/BMPs optimization schemes and Information Feedback (IF) mechanisms, aiming towards its application for the management of urban stormwater at the watershed scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Gao
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Qionghua Zhang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment, and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China
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6
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Vargas-Berrones K, Ocampo-Perez R, Rodríguez-Torres I, Medellín-Castillo NA, Flores-Ramírez R. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as efficient catalytic tools for the oxidative degradation of 4-nonylphenol and its by-products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90741-90756. [PMID: 37462867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is a current global concern caused by emerging pollutants like nonylphenol (NP). This endocrine disruptor cannot be efficiently removed with traditional wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the adsorption influence of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on the oxidative degradation (ozone and ultraviolet irradiations) of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and its by-products as a coadjuvant in WTPs. MIPs were synthesized and characterized; the effect of the degradation rate under system operating conditions was studied by Box-Behnken response surface design of experiments. The variables evaluated were 4-NP concentration, ozone exposure time, pH, and MIP amount. Results show that the MIPs synthesized by co-precipitation and bulk polymerizations obtained the highest retention rates (> 90%). The maximum adsorption capacities for 4-NP were 201.1 mg L-1 and 500 mg L-1, respectively. The degradation percentages under O3 and UV conditions reached 98-100% at 120 s of exposure at different pHs. The degradation products of 4-NP were compounds with carboxylic and ketonic acids, and the MIP adsorption was between 50 and 60%. Our results present the first application of MIPs in oxidation processes for 4-NP, representing starting points for the use of highly selective materials to identify and remove emerging pollutants and their degradation by-products in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vargas-Berrones
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Rioverde, Ma del Rosario, San Ciro de Acosta-Rioverde 165, CP 79610, Rioverde, SLP, Mexico
| | - Raul Ocampo-Perez
- Centro de Investigación Y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78260, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Israel Rodríguez-Torres
- Instituto de Metalurgia-Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Nahúm A Medellín-Castillo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava No. 8, 78290, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordinación Para La Innovación Y Aplicación de La Ciencia Y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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7
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Maurer L, Carmona E, Machate O, Schulze T, Krauss M, Brack W. Contamination Pattern and Risk Assessment of Polar Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4143-4152. [PMID: 36862848 PMCID: PMC10018729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To assess the contamination and potential risk of snow melt with polar compounds, road and background snow was sampled during a melting event at 23 sites at the city of Leipzig and screened for 489 chemicals using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry with target screening. Additionally, six 24 h composite samples were taken from the influent and effluent of the Leipzig wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during the snow melt event. 207 compounds were at least detected once (concentrations between 0.80 ng/L and 75 μg/L). Consistent patterns of traffic-related compounds dominated the chemical profile (58 compounds in concentrations from 1.3 ng/L to 75 μg/L) and among them were 2-benzothiazole sulfonic acid and 1-cyclohexyl-3-phenylurea from tire wear and denatonium used as a bittern in vehicle fluids. Besides, the analysis unveiled the presence of the rubber additive 6-PPD and its transformation product N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ) at concentrations known to cause acute toxicity in sensitive fish species. The analysis also detected 149 other compounds such as food additives, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Several biocides were identified as major risk contributors, with a more site-specific occurrence, to acute toxic risks to algae (five samples) and invertebrates (six samples). Ametryn, flumioxazin, and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester are the main compounds contributing to toxic risk for algae, while etofenprox and bendiocarb are found as the main contributors for crustacean risk. Correlations between concentrations in the WWTP influent and flow rate allowed us to discriminate compounds with snow melt and urban runoff as major sources from other compounds with other dominant sources. Removal rates in the WWTP showed that some traffic-related compounds were largely eliminated (removal rate higher than 80%) during wastewater treatment and among them was 6-PPDQ, while others persisted in the WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Maurer
- Department
of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric Carmona
- Department
of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Machate
- Department
of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Department
of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department
of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Department
of Effect-Directed Analysis, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute
of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe
University, Max-von-Laue-Str.
13, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
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Tongu SM, Sha’Ato R, Wase GA, Okonkwo JO, Vesuwe RN. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in city drains in Makurdi, central Nigeria: Seasonal variations, source apportionment and risk assessment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14324. [PMID: 36950572 PMCID: PMC10025036 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of seasonal variation, sources and potential risks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in open city drains in Makurdi, Central Nigeria was carried out. OCPs and PCBs were quantified using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The total (∑8OCPs) concentrations (ngL-1) of OCPs in water was 2.99 with a mean ± SD of 0.75 ± 0.12 during wet season, while during dry season, the values were 11.43 and 2.86 ± 1.54 respectively. In sediment, the total concentration (ngg-1) of OCPs was 5270.66 with a mean ± SD of 1756.89 ± 450.01 during wet season and a total concentration of 5837.93 and the mean ± SD of 1945.98 ± 646.04, during dry season. Source apportionment of OCPs suggested historic application of the pollutants. The total (∑7PCBs) concentration (ngL-1) of PCBs in water was 0.24 with a mean ± SD of 0.03 ± 0.02 during wet season and a total concentration of 0.61 with a mean ± SD of 0.09 ± 0.11 during dry season. The total concentration (ngg-1) of PCBs in sediment was 37.88, mean ± SD of 5.41 ± 5.93 during wet season and a total of 47.07 and mean ± SD of 6.72 ± 7.27 during dry season. Ecological risk assessment based on effect range low (ERL) and effect range median (ERM) or threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL) that ecological risks were possible for some OCPs in this study, which calls for source control and remediation of the affected sites. Toxicity equivalency (TEQ) of PCB-118, the dioxin-like congener, indicated that it was most harmful to humans/mammals followed by birds, then fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester M. Tongu
- Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rufus Sha’Ato
- Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Geoffrey A. Wase
- Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan O. Okonkwo
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Rebecca N. Vesuwe
- Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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9
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Lenormand É, Kustner C, Combroux I, Bois P, Wanko A. Diagnosing trace metals contamination in ageing stormwater constructed wetlands by portable X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer (pXRF). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157097. [PMID: 35780880 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the context of stormwater management in urban areas, more knowledge is needed about sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS)' long-term performance. This article reports robust calibration of a portable X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer (pXRF) for a purpose of metal accumulation diagnosis in two stormwater constructed wetlands (SCWs). Two 9-year-old SCWs located in Eastern France and composed of a sedimentation pond and a vertical-flow reed-bed filter (RBF#1) respectively a horizontal-flow RBF (RBF#2) are studied. A focus is made on the RBFs where five target metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) are monitored to fulfill three objectives: i) develop a robust analyzing method for both field and laboratory scale; ii) compute a distribution mapping of the metals on the substrate; and iii) identify and quantify contamination hotspots. pXRF measurements present an opportunity for a quick field diagnosis of such ageing systems once calibrated. An optimal 63 s beam shooting time was selected for analyses, and optimal particle size distribution was set below 250 μm. As water content is known to be a critical factor influencing measuring quality, correction factors were determined to allow for field campaign up to 30 % of water content. Metals are more accumulated in RBF#1 than in RBF#2 because of the particle size distribution and hydraulic regime of the RBFs. Moreover, RBF#1 displays a higher metal accumulation at the water supply outputs while the distribution pattern in RBF#2 is more diffuse. Only 34 %, resp. 22 % of RBF#1 and RBF#2 surface is contaminated, with corresponding concentrations ranging among the highest 50 % and 25 % concentrations. Eventually, the RBF#1 upper layer (0-5 cm) higher organic matter content generates more metal retention than its deeper layer whereas in RBF#2 metal concentration is homogeneous along depth. These results can be useful to optimize the long-term maintenance and possibly the sizing of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éloïse Lenormand
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, ICube, UMR 7357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7362, LIVE, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Coralie Kustner
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, ICube, UMR 7357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Isabelle Combroux
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7362, LIVE, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Paul Bois
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, ICube, UMR 7357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Adrien Wanko
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, ICube, UMR 7357, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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10
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Wang C, O'Connor D, Wang L, Wu WM, Luo J, Hou D. Microplastics in urban runoff: Global occurrence and fate. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119129. [PMID: 36170770 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Public concerns on microplastic (MP) pollution and its prevalence in urban runoff have grown exponentially. Huge amounts of MPs are transported from urban environments via surface runoff to different environment compartments, including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, and oceans. The global concentrations of MPs in urban runoff range from 0 to 8580 particles/L. Understanding the sources, abundance, composition and characteristics of MPs in urban runoff on a global scale is a critical challenge because of the existence of multiple sources and spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Additionally, dynamic processes in the mobilization, aging, fragmentation, transport, and retention of MPs in urban runoff have been largely overlooked. Furthermore, the MP flux through urban runoff into rivers, lakes and even oceans is largely unknown, which is very important for better understanding the fate and transport of MPs in urban environments. Here, we provide a critical review of the global occurrence, transport, retention process, and sinks of MPs in urban runoff. Relevant policies, regulations and measures are put forward. Future global investigations and mitigation efforts will require us to address this issue cautiously, cooperating globally, nationally and regionally, and acting locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Real Estate and Land Management, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester GL7 1RS, United Kingdom
| | - Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei-Min Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4020, United States
| | - Jian Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0355, United States
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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11
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Guo J, Zuo P, Yang L, Wang L, Yang H. Determining nitrate sources in storm runoff in complex urban environments based on nitrogen and oxygen isotopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155680. [PMID: 35525348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urban storm runoff, as the primary transport medium for nutrients entering urban rivers, contributes to urban water contamination. Accurate source identification is critical for controlling water pollution. Although some studies have used nitrate isotopic composition (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) to identify nitrate (NO3--N) in urban storm runoff, the relatively low frequency of collecting samples in surface runoff within a single functional area hinders the understanding of spatial variations and dynamic process of NO3--N sources over the runoff process. This study investigated the nitrogen (N) concentrations and analyzed dynamic changes of NO3--N sources in surface runoff in different urban functional areas, drainage pipeline runoff, and channels during the complete runoff process in Wuxi, east China. The results showed that N concentrations in pipeline runoff and channels were higher than those in surface runoff, indicating that high concentration of N pollutants were accumulated in drainage pipelines. Information of δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- suggested that the main NO3--N source varied between runoff stages. NO3--N contribution from atmospheric deposition decreased in the order: surface runoff (57%) > residential pipeline runoff (25%) > channels (14%), while the opposite trend was observed for the contributions from sewage, increasing from 10%, 26% to 39%. In urban storm runoff, more sewage, fertilizers, and soil N were carried into the surface runoff after 30% of cumulative runoff ratio and carried into pipeline runoff in the initial 25% of cumulative runoff ratio in the residential area. As the first attempt to identify nitrate sources over the cumulative runoff in different urban functional areas, this work expands our understanding of the primary nitrate source in urban storm runoff. The findings provide important insights for developing strategies to mitigate non-point source water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Guo
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China; Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ping Zuo
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Long Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China
| | - Lachun Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province 210023, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK.
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12
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Hesarkazzazi S, Bakhshipour AE, Hajibabaei M, Dittmer U, Haghighi A, Sitzenfrei R. Battle of centralized and decentralized urban stormwater networks: From redundancy perspective. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118910. [PMID: 35964512 PMCID: PMC7616898 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent research underpinned the effectiveness of topological decentralization for urban stormwater networks (USNs) during the planning stage in terms of both capital savings and resilience enhancement. However, how centralized and decentralized USNs' structures with various degrees of redundancy (i.e., redundant water flow pathways) project resilience under functional and structural failure remains an unresolved issue. In this work, we present a systemic and generic framework to investigate the impact of adding redundant flow paths on resilience based on three strategies for optimal centralized versus decentralized USNs. Furthermore, a tailored graph-theory based measure (i.e., eigenvector centrality) is proposed to introduce redundant paths to the critical locations of USNs. The proposed framework is then applied to a real large-scale case study. The results confirm the critical role of layout decentralization under both functional (e.g., extreme precipitation events), and structural failure (e.g., pipe collapse). Moreover, the findings indicate that the implementation of redundant paths could increase resilience performance by up to 8% under functional failure without changing the network's major structural characteristics (i.e., sewer diameters, lengths, and storage capacity), only by leveraging the effective flow redistribution. The scheme proposed in this study can be a fruitful initiative for further improving the USNs' resilience during both planning and rehabilitation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hesarkazzazi
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Amin E Bakhshipour
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Urban Water Management, Technical University Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohsen Hajibabaei
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrich Dittmer
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Urban Water Management, Technical University Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 61357831351 Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Robert Sitzenfrei
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Infrastructure, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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13
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Hajiouni S, Mohammadi A, Ramavandi B, Arfaeinia H, De-la-Torre GE, Tekle-Röttering A, Dobaradaran S. Occurrence of microplastics and phthalate esters in urban runoff: A focus on the Persian Gulf coastline. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150559. [PMID: 34582879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Urban runoff seems an obvious pathway for the transfer of microplastics (MPs) and phthalate acid esters (PAEs) from land-based sources to the marine environment; an issue that still lacks attention. This study presents the first results on MP and PAE levels in the urban runoff into the northern part of the Persian Gulf during the dry season. Average concentrations of MPs and PAEs in the urban runoff of eight selected sampling sites (N = 72) along the Bushehr coast were 1.86 items/L and 53.57 μg/L, respectively. MPs with a size range of 500-1000 μm had the highest abundance, and the mean levels of PAEs in MPs were 99.77 μg/g. The results of this study show that urban runoff is a main source of MP and PAE contaminants that are discharged into the Persian Gulf. Therefore, to decrease these pollutants from entering the aquatic environment, decision-makers in the area should consider this problem and stop the direct discharging of urban runoff into water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Hajiouni
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Azam Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Agnes Tekle-Röttering
- Westfälische Hochschule Gelsenkirchen, Neidenburger Strasse 43, Gelsenkirchen 45877, Germany
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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14
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De Buyck PJ, Matviichuk O, Dumoulin A, Rousseau DPL, Van Hulle SWH. Roof runoff contamination: Establishing material-pollutant relationships and material benchmarking based on laboratory leaching tests. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131112. [PMID: 34182629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because roofs represent a major part of the urban impervious surface, it is hypothesized that roof runoff is an important source of urban stormwater contamination. However, the contribution of different roofing materials to this contamination has only been examined to a limited extent. In this study, a resource and time efficient methodology, which uses some of the principles of a standardized leaching test (CEN/TS16637-2), was developed to identify material-pollutant relationships for sixteen commonly used roofing materials (EPDM, PVC, TPO, EVA, PU and bitumen membranes). Metals were detected in concentrations ranging from several μg/L in the leachate of synthetic materials up to 2.5 mg/L for Zn in the leachate of EPDM materials. Cd and Cr were not detected in any of the leachates. Furthermore, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in most leachates, with phenanthrene and naphthalene being most frequently detected in concentrations up to 4.5 μg/L for naphthalene. Further insights on organic pollutants' leaching from the tested materials were obtained by a non-target GC-MS screening of the leachates. Several commonly used additives such as flame retardants and light stabilizers were detected. Although no information on long-term leaching and material behavior under outdoor conditions could be obtained by the developed methodology, the laboratory test results could be used to benchmark the materials for their potential impact on roof runoff quality by the calculation of material indexes (which summarize the material-pollutant relationships). EPDM and PU roofing materials were identified as the materials having the highest potential to affect roof runoff quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan De Buyck
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Olha Matviichuk
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium; Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), UMR 7285, University of Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Ann Dumoulin
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Diederik P L Rousseau
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B, B-8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
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15
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Zhao L, Liu X, Wang P, Hua Z, Zhang Y, Xue H. N, P, and COD conveyed by urban runoff: a comparative research between a city and a town in the Taihu Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56686-56695. [PMID: 34061271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff containing various pollutants exerts adverse effects on receiving water bodies and deteriorates the urban aquatic environment. Although numerous studies have been conducted on runoff pollution, research comparing its characteristics in cities with those in towns is rare in the literature. To close this gap, the present study was conducted. The instantaneous concentrations of ammonia-N, TN, TP, and COD during the rainfall events in the town were higher than those in the city in most conditions. The outfall concentrations increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. EMCs (the average value of EMC) and CV (coefficient of variation) of TN and DTN in the town were higher than those in the city, which may lie in the differences of urban environment planning and management, road cleaning methods, garbage disposal methods, industrial enterprise, etc. On the one hand, EMCs and CV of TP in the city's industrial areas were lowest among three functional areas, while on the other hand, in the town it was in the commercial areas rather than the industrial areas that EMCs and CV were the lowest, which may be caused by the low level of economic development of small towns in China. The concentrations of COD in the town were generally higher than that in the city. Compared with the city, the correlation among COD and various forms of N was stronger in the town, which may illustrate a stronger similarity of pollutant sources in the town. According to the results, road runoff in the town contributed more to urban aquatic pollution; thus, further research should concentrate on this particular type of runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zulin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hongqin Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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16
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Peng Z, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Hu W, Liu G, Zhang H, Gao R. Large lake sluice operations during an extreme rainfall season greatly affect circulation and water quality dynamics of a shallow eutrophic lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146756. [PMID: 33798898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large hydraulic infrastructures have been constructed globally to address water challenges. Past studies have well documented their effects on downstream aquatic ecosystems, which have included disrupting hydrological regimes as well as nutrient delivery, cycling and mediating processes that affect primary production. However, how these infrastructure operations affect lake ecosystems where the infrastructures are situated remains poorly understood. In the present study, we used a three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical lake model to quantify the potential effects of large lake sluice operations under extreme high water levels on current structure and water quality parameters of Lake Chaohu in China. We designed and simulated multiple operation strategies based on actual operation curves during the 2016 extreme rainfall season. The model successfully captured the water quality dynamics of Lake Chaohu during both the calibration and validation phases. Our results indicate that higher lake water release rates led to overall accelerations of the current velocity; however, the deceleration of along-shore current velocity along the shorelines was also evident. Higher release rates also resulted in rapid rises ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) concentrations in the eastern lake basin, as well as a lake-wide rise of chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration. When the lake sluice was operated at its full capacity, mean concentrations of these four parameters increased by 5.21%, 5.58%, 9.6% and 7.46%, respectively. Modeling results demonstrate that the effects of lake sluice operations were still quite pronounced for four months after the operations. Modeling results also revealed that higher release rate during the operation phase may help decease TN and TP concentrations during the subsequent period. This study provides a useful perspective on how to support the planning and operation of large infrastructures in the face of climate change induced extreme events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jinge Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Lake Chaohu Administration Bureau in Anhui Province, Chaohu 238000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Lake Chaohu Administration Bureau in Anhui Province, Chaohu 238000, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Lake Chaohu Administration Bureau in Anhui Province, Chaohu 238000, China; Lake Chaohu Research Institute, Hefei 238000, China
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17
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García-García LM, Campos CJA, Kershaw S, Younger A, Bacon J. Scenarios of intermittent E. coli contamination from sewer overflows to shellfish growing waters: The Dart Estuary case study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112332. [PMID: 33865040 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage overflows (SOs) and Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) significantly contribute to the bacterial contamination of coastal waters, which is of especial concern for aquaculture, a growing industry worldwide. Hydrodynamic and water quality models were used to investigate impacts of CSO discharge frequency and duration, river discharge and tides on Escherichia coli levels at shellfish farming sites in the Dart Estuary (UK), being the employed methodology generally applicable. High E. coli contamination occurred during neap tides and high river discharges due to higher retention and lower bacterial decay. Synchronicity of CSO spills affected the duration of the pollution episodes rather than peak concentrations, more influenced by discharges of the neighbouring CSOs. During peak discharges, E. coli concentrations could be 10 times higher than during average flows. CSO spills were more frequent when rainfall was >20 mm. Model outputs combined with rainfall forecasts can indicate microbiological contamination risk in the aquaculture sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María García-García
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK; Instituto Español de Oceanografía-IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Paseo Marítimo Alcalde Francisco Vázquez, 10, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos J A Campos
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, UK; Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, The Wood, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Simon Kershaw
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, UK
| | - Andrew Younger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, UK
| | - John Bacon
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, UK.
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18
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Crocetti P, Eusebi AL, Bruni C, Marinelli E, Darvini G, Carini CB, Bollettini C, Recanati V, Akyol Ç, Fatone F. Catchment-wide validated assessment of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in a mediterranean coastal area and possible disinfection methods to mitigate microbial contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110367. [PMID: 33131711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first phase of this study aimed to evaluate the environmental impact of combined sewer overflow (CSO) events originated from 35 spillways on the Rio Vallescura catchment (Central Italy) and to understand their contribution to the deterioration of the coastal bathing water quality. A specific analytical campaign was carried out in the sewer system and a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model was developed and integrated with a water quality model and further validated. The simulations led to identify the most critical spills in terms of flow rate and selected pollutant loads (i.e. suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, Escherichia coli). Specifically, the E. coli release in the water body due to CSO events represented almost 100% of the different pollutant sources considered. In the second phase, the applicability of various disinfection methods was investigated on the CSOs introduced into the catchment. On site physical (UV) and lab-scale chemical (peracetic acid (PAA), performic acid (PFA), ozone) disinfectant agents were tested on microbial indicators including E. coli and intestinal enterococci. PFA and ozone were more effective on the removal of both bacteria (above 3.5 log units) even at low concentration and with short contact time; whereas, PAA showed a moderate removal efficiency (around 2.5 log units) only for E. coli. The highest removal efficiency was achieved in the on-site UV unit and none of the indicator bacteria was detected in the final effluent after the sand filtration and UV treatment. Finally, potential scenarios were developed in comparison to the baseline scenario for the management and treatment of CSOs where a mitigation of E. coli loads from 28% to 73% was achieved on the receiving water body, and a comparative cost assessment of the disinfection methods was provided for in situ treatment of the most critical spillway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Crocetti
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Bruni
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Enrico Marinelli
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Darvini
- Department of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudio Bernardo Carini
- CIIP SpA - Cicli Integrati Impianti Primari - Water Utility, Viale Della Repubblica, 24, 63100, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bollettini
- CIIP SpA - Cicli Integrati Impianti Primari - Water Utility, Viale Della Repubblica, 24, 63100, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Virginia Recanati
- CIIP SpA - Cicli Integrati Impianti Primari - Water Utility, Viale Della Repubblica, 24, 63100, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Çağrı Akyol
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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19
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Qin G, Liu J, Xu S, Sun Y. Pollution Source Apportionment and Water Quality Risk Evaluation of a Drinking Water Reservoir during Flood Seasons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041873. [PMID: 33671903 PMCID: PMC7918960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reservoirs play an important role in the urban water supply, yet reservoirs receive an influx of large amounts of pollutants from the upper watershed during flood seasons, causing a decline in water quality and threatening the water supply. Identifying major pollution sources and assessing water quality risks are important for the environmental protection of reservoirs. In this paper, the principal component/factor analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA/FA-MLR) model and Bayesian networks (BNs) are integrated to identify water pollution sources and assess the water quality risk in different precipitation conditions, which provides an effective framework for water quality management during flood seasons. The deterioration of the water quality of rivers in the flood season is found to be the main reason for the deterioration in the reservoir water quality. The nonpoint source pollution is the major pollution source of the reservoir, which contributes 53.20%, 48.41%, 72.69%, and 68.06% of the total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), fecal coliforms (F.coli), and turbidity (TUB), respectively. The risk of the water quality parameters exceeding the surface water standard under different hydrological conditions is assessed. The results show that the probability of the exceedance rate of TN, TP, and F.coli increases from 91.13%, 3.40%, and 3.34%, to 95.75%, 25.77%, and 12.76% as the monthly rainfall increases from ≤68.25 mm to >190.18 mm. The risk to the water quality of the Biliuhe River reservoir is found to increase with the rising rainfall intensity, the water quality risk at the inlet during the flood season is found to be much greater than that at the dam site, and the increasing trend of TP and turbidity is greater than that of TN and F.coli. The risk of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) does not increase with increasing precipitation, indicating that it is less affected by nonpoint source pollution. The results of this study can provide a research basis for water environment management during flood seasons.
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20
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Bondelind M, Sokolova E, Nguyen A, Karlsson D, Karlsson A, Björklund K. Hydrodynamic modelling of traffic-related microplastics discharged with stormwater into the Göta River in Sweden. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24218-24230. [PMID: 32306266 PMCID: PMC7326794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are transported from land-based sources from rivers to marine waters. However, there is currently little knowledge about MP fate from land sources to marine waters. Traffic is estimated to be one of the largest sources of MP; hence, stormwater is expected to be an important transportation route of MP to marine waters. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the size and density of tyre wear particles in road run-off on their fate in the Göta River in Sweden using hydrodynamic modelling. The model of the stretch of Göta River, Sweden's largest river, passing through Gothenburg (Sweden's second largest city) and out to the sea, was set up using MIKE 3 FM software. Literature data were used to define the MP characteristics: concentrations in stormwater, prevalent particle sizes, density of MP commonly occurring in road run-off and settling velocities. Results show that higher concentrations of MP are found on the south side of the river, compared with the north side, due to higher annual average daily traffic loads along the south side of the river. The mixing processes in the river and the MP concentrations were generally influenced by the vertical water density gradient caused by saline water from the Kattegat strait. While most MP with higher density and larger size settle in the river, smaller MP with density close to 1.0 g/cm3 do not settle in the river and therefore reach the Kattegat strait and the marine environments. Further research is needed to describe the fate and transport of microplastics in the stormwater system, including treatment facilities, i.e. biofouling, aggregation, degradation and/or further fragmentation and settling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Bondelind
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Sokolova
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ailinh Nguyen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dick Karlsson
- Sustainable Waste and Water, City of Gothenburg, Box 123, SE-424 23, Angered, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Tyréns AB, Lilla Badhusgatan 2, SE-411 21, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Björklund
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Sven Hultins gata 6, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Müller A, Österlund H, Marsalek J, Viklander M. The pollution conveyed by urban runoff: A review of sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136125. [PMID: 31905584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban stormwater and snowmelt pollution contributes significantly to the deterioration of surface waters quality in many locations. Consequently, the sources of such pollution have been studied for the past 50 years, with the vehicular transportation sector and the atmospheric deposition identified early as the major pollution sources. In search for mitigation of this pollution, source controls, besides other measures, were recognised as effective pollution mitigation tools, whose successful implementation requires a good knowledge of pollution sources. Even though great research efforts have been exerted to document specific sources of urban runoff pollution, or specific groups of pollutants present in urban runoff, a comprehensive overview of all known contributing sources is still missing. This review contributes to closing this gap by compiling findings of previous research and critically synthesizing the current knowledge of various stormwater pollution sources. As the emphasis is placed on the sources, the related issues of implications for urban surface water quality and possible source controls for individual sources are touched upon just briefly, where required. The review showed that the atmospheric deposition, vehicular transportation-related activities and metallic building envelopes continue to be among the major pollution sources, which have been studied in a far greater detail than other sources. Furthermore, it was noted that because of the rapid advances in clean manufacturing and pollution control technologies, a large part of the body of data on stormwater quality available in the literature should be considered as historical data, which may no longer describe well the current conditions. Progressing historical data obsolescence, combined with continuing releases of new materials and chemicals, and, in some cases of new substances of potential concern, into the environment, suggests that the identification of important stormwater runoff/snowmelt pollution sources, and the associated pollutants, has been and will remain to be a work in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Müller
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Heléne Österlund
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jiri Marsalek
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Viklander
- Urban Water Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
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Lu Y, Xu J, Wang H, Liu X, Li W. Distribution, sources and health risk assessment of contaminations in water of urban park: A case study in Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2473-2489. [PMID: 31037580 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This case study was performed to determine whether the pollutants in water of urban park could bring health risk to human engaging in water-related activities such as swimming and provide evidence demonstrating the critical need for strengthened recreational water resources management of urban park. TN, NH4+-N, TP, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se, Pb, As, Cd and Cr(VI) contents were determined to describe the spatial distribution of contaminations; sources apportionment with the method of correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis were followed by health risk assessment for swimmers of different age groups. The results reveal that element contents in all sites do not exceed Chinese standard for swimming area and European Commission standard for surface water; all detected elements except Cr(VI) have a tendency to accumulate in the location of lake crossing bridge; Mn and Zn are considered to have the same pollution source including geogenic and anthropogenic sources by multivariable analysis. Carcinogenic risks of different age groups descend in the same order with non-carcinogenic risks. Among all elements, Zn and Mn contribute the lowest non-carcinogenic risk (5.1940E-06) and the highest non-carcinogenic risk (7.9921E-04) through skin contact pathway, respectively. The total average personal risk for swimmers in swimming area is 1.9693E-03, and this site is not suitable for swimming. Overall, it is possible that swimmers are exposed to risk via the dermal route when carrying out water-related activities, it is recommended that necessary precautions and management should be taken in other similar locations around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun, 130117, China
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Wetland Restoration and Function Development, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun, 130117, China.
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem, Changchun, 130117, China.
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Wetland Restoration and Function Development, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun, 130117, China
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Wetland Restoration and Function Development, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Jilin Province Academy of Education and Science, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun, 130117, China
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem, Changchun, 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Wetland Restoration and Function Development, Changchun, 130117, China
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Luo Z, Zuo Q, Shao Q, Ding X. The impact of socioeconomic system on the river system in a heavily disturbed basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:851-864. [PMID: 30743971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative assessment of the impact of socioeconomic development on river water environment is important to the scientific management of river basins. However, current methods have high data requirements or are difficult to deal with the impact between systems (which is defined by a collection of indicators). This paper first uses canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to understand the relationship between socialeconomic system (defined by a set of indicators reflecting socioeconomic development) and river system (defined by a set of indicators reflecting river water environment), and then proposes a method to assess the impact of socioeconomic system on river system by integrating CCA and the degrees of influence of river system indicators. The proposed method and framework are applied to the Shaying River Basin with the characteristics of multi-sluices, high pollution, and dense population based on data from 2000 to 2015. Results indicate that socioeconomic and river systems are highly related to each other with the average influence degree of greater than 0.9, indicating very close relationships between socioeconomic and river systems. The changes of influence degree vary between 0.19 and 0.79 with a turning point in 2010. Most of the influence levels are "moderate" (influence degree between 0.4 and 0.6) or "high" (influence degrees between 0.6 and 0.8) before 2010 but become to "low" (influence degrees between 0.2 and 0.4) since then. In addition, the influence degree shows a significant increase from upstream to downstream with Zhoukou Station as the turning point, meaning that the stronger the human activity is, the greater the impact of the socioeconomic system on the river system is. The main influential factors are population density and sewage treatment rate. The proposed method contributes to the research in river management with limited data availability and the results can serve as an important reference for basin management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Luo
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiting Zuo
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Quanxi Shao
- CSIRO Data61, Leeuwin Centre, 65 Brockway Road, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
| | - Xiangyi Ding
- Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
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