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Řezáčová V, Řezáč M, Wilson GWT, Michalová T. Arbuscular mycorrhiza can be disadvantageous for weedy annuals in competition with paired perennial plants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20703. [PMID: 36456609 PMCID: PMC9715701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can support the establishment of mycotrophic plants in new environments. However, the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in interactions between perennial and weedy annual plants is not well understood. In our current study, we examine how widespread generalist AM fungi and soil disturbance, including disturbance of AM fungal networks (CMNs), affect the performance of two late-successional perennial plants of Central Europe, Senecio jacobaea and Crepis biennis, co-occurring with weedy annual forbs, Conyza canadensis and Erigeron annuus. Although presence of weedy annual E. annuus or C. canadensis did not affect the performance of the paired perennials, AM fungi supported perennial C. biennis in competition with weedy annual E. annuus. However, this AM-aided underpinning was independent of disturbance of CMNs. Conversely, although AM fungi benefited perennial S. jacobaea, this did not affect its competitive abilities when grown with weedy annual C. canadensis. Similarly, soil disturbance, independent of AM fungal presence, improved plant tissue P and biomass production of S. jacobaea, but not its competitive abilities. Our results show AM fungi may be advantageous for perennial plants growing in competition with weedy annual plants. Therefore, maintaining healthy soils containing an abundance of AM fungi, may encourage late successional perennial plants, potentially limiting establishment of weedy annual plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Řezáčová
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.417626.00000 0001 2187 627XCrop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Řezáč
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.417626.00000 0001 2187 627XCrop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Gail W. T. Wilson
- grid.65519.3e0000 0001 0721 7331Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - Tereza Michalová
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Diversity and Typology of Land-Use Explain the Occurrence of Alien Plants in a Protected Area. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182358. [PMID: 36145760 PMCID: PMC9503411 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant life history and functional characteristics play an important role in determining the invasive potential of plant species and have implications for management approaches. We studied the distribution of 24 alien plant taxa in a protected area in relation to different land-uses by applying ordination analyses and generalized linear models. Taxa richness is best explained by the presence of built-up areas, followed by residential areas, marshlands, and agricultural lands with semi-natural formations. The diversity of land-use within the grid cell proved to be an important explanatory factor, being the only significant variable explaining the richness of wood perennials and vines. The richness of annual herbs and seed-dispersed taxa is explained by a similar set of variables, with the exception of residential areas. The richness of invasive species is explained only by agricultural land and the diversity of land-use. The richness of taxa with predominant vegetative dispersal is best explained by built-up, marshland, and seminatural areas along with land-use diversity. When we consider only the presence of plant groups within grid cells, the results are similar. The results of similar studies may provide an important tool for defining sustainable practices and overall conservation management in protected areas.
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Vaverková MD, Paleologos EK, Adamcová D, Podlasek A, Pasternak G, Červenková J, Skutnik Z, Koda E, Winkler J. Municipal solid waste landfill: Evidence of the effect of applied landfill management on vegetation composition. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1402-1411. [PMID: 35199614 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221079304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is crucial to avoid pollution, environmental impacts and threat to public health. The problem of MSW is mainly arising from inadequate landfill site management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of management practices and environmental risks at two landfill sites. The landfills were subject to long-term (10 years) vegetation monitoring. The vegetation was assessed using a floristic survey of identified plant species. The vegetation analysis showed that significant differences existed between the two landfill locations, with neophytes, invasive and expansive species dominating on one of the landfill sites, which may be attributed to climatic and geomorphological differences between the two sites, but also to variations in landfill management. These environmentally problematic species can potentially spread from the landfill into adjacent ecosystems, displace native plants and degrade adjacent farmland areas. The study of vegetation monitoring data suggests that, in addition to other types of monitoring, landfills should be subjected to regular vegetation biomonitoring, too. Landfill management practices should target the regulation of unwanted species, create conditions that are favourable to native plant species and provide as early as possible the restoration of filled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Daria Vaverková
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Evan K Paleologos
- Department of Civil Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana Adamcová
- Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Podlasek
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Pasternak
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jana Červenková
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdzisław Skutnik
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Koda
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Winkler
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Genomic characterization of a new torradovirus from common fleabane (Erigeron annuus). Arch Virol 2022; 167:1905-1908. [PMID: 35718805 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A new virus was detected in common fleabane (Erigeron annuus) showing virus-like symptoms including leaf yellowing, mosaic, and mottling. This virus is tentatively named "fleabane yellow mosaic virus" (FbYMV). The complete genome sequence consists of two RNA segments of 7,133 nt (RNA 1) and 4,810 nt (RNA 2), excluding the poly(A) tract. Sequence analysis showed a genome organization comparable to that of members of the genus Torradovirus. The level of sequence identity between FbYMV and known members of the genus Torradovirus was below the cutoff established by the ICTV for species demarcation. Therefore, FbYMV should be classified as a new member of the genus Torradovirus.
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Zhou J, Li J, Peng S, An X. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the invasive plant Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (Asterales: Asteraceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:188-190. [PMID: 35036561 PMCID: PMC8757593 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.2018946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (annual, daisy or tall fleabane) is an annual herb native to North America but has been introduced and naturalized worldwide. In this study, its complete chloroplast (cp) genome was assembled from Illumina sequencing reads. The cp genome is 153,177 bp long with an A + T-biased base composition. It encodes a panel of 113 genes, including 80 protein-coding, 29 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. Nineteen genes are completely or partially duplicated, while 17 genes possess one or two introns. Phylogenetic analysis suggested E. annuus is mostly closely related to Erigeron canadensis L. and that the two genera Conyza and Erigeron are not mutually monophyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangming An
- Qiaoshan State-owned Forestry Administration, People’s Republic of China
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Sennikov AN, Lazkov GA. The first checklist of alien vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan, with new records and critical evaluation of earlier data. Contribution 1. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e75590. [PMID: 34795550 PMCID: PMC8595221 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e75590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND National checklists of alien plants and detailed databases of non-native plant occurrences are required to study and control regional and global plant invasions. No country in Central Asia has a national checklist of alien plants. A recent inventory counted 183 alien plant species in Kyrgyzstan, including archaeophytes and neophytes, established and casual. This preliminary checklist, which was developed for the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species in 2018, served as a starting point for the present study. NEW INFORMATION A complete inventory of Xanthium in Kyrgyzstan has revealed that three alien species are resident in the country. Their correct nomenclature is X.orientale (syn. X.albinum, X.californicum, X.sibiricum auct.; invasive neophyle of the period of extensive grain import to the USSR after the Second World War), X.spinosum (invasive neophyte of the period of the Second World War, which arrived as a contaminant on the relocated livestock) and X.strumarium (syn. X.chinense, X.sibiricum; archaeophyte of the Neolithic period, introduced with wheat cultivation, which had lost its invasive status and appeared on the verge of extinction when its pool was no longer renewed by contaminated grain). A history of introduction to Central Asia is uncovered for all the species of Xanthium. A further spread is documented for Buniasorientalis, with a new record extending its distribution to the Eastern Tian-Shan; a complex history of its introduction to Europe and Central Asia is inferred from the archaeological data and its recent dispersal, and the pathways of its introduction to Kyrgyzstan are established. Erigeronannuus s.str. is reported as new to Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, and E.lilacinus as new to Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Nepal and Tajikistan (it was previously recorded as E.annuus s.l. from the three latter countries, in which the presence of E.annuus s.str. is not confirmed). These closely related species differ in their pathways of introduction and invasion status: E.annuus s.str. is an invasive established alien which was imported as a contaminant of forage, whereas E.lilacinus is mostly a casual (locally persisting) alien introduced with contaminated seed of ornamental plants or nursery material, and also intentionally introduced and locally established in the Botanical Garden in Bishkek. Bidenstinctoria (syn. Coreopsistinctoria) is newly recorded as a casual alien from a single locality in Kyrgyzstan; this species name is validly published here in conformity with the phylogeny of Coreopsideae.Point maps of species distributions in Kyrgyzstan are provided on the basis of a complete inventory of the literature data, herbarium specimens and documented observations, and our recent fieldwork. The maps are documented with a dataset of herbarium specimens and observations. Period and pathways of introduction, vectors of dispersal, current and historical invasion status, evidence of impact and distributional trend are established or inferred for each species. Each species is discussed in the context of plant invasions in Central Asia as a whole.These species accounts are part of the national database of alien plants which aims at producing a comprehensive overview and analysis of plant invasions in Kyrgyzstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Sennikov
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint-Petersburg, RussiaKomarov Botanical InstituteSaint-PetersburgRussia
| | - Georgy A. Lazkov
- Institute of Biology, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanInstitute of BiologyBishkekKyrgyzstan
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Géron C, Lembrechts JJ, Nijs I, Monty A. Shielded environments reduce stress in alien Asteraceae species during hot and dry summers along urban-to-rural gradients. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10613-10626. [PMID: 34367601 PMCID: PMC8328448 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban environments often host a greater abundance and diversity of alien plant species than rural areas. This is frequently linked to higher disturbance and propagule pressure, but could also be related to the additional establishment of species from warmer native ranges in cities, facilitated by the latter's higher air temperatures and drier soils. A hitherto unresolved question is how stressful the urban environments become during climate extremes such as heatwaves and droughts. Do such episodes still favor alien plant species, or set them back? We used in situ measured phenotypic leaf and development trait responses of the six most widespread alien Asteraceae species from various native climates along Belgian urban-to-rural gradients, measured during two unusually warm and dry summers. Urbanization was characterized by three factors: the percentage of artificially sealed surfaces (urbanity, measured at three spatial scales from in situ to satellite-based), the vegetation cover and the sky view factor (SVF, fraction of the hemisphere not blocked by buildings or vegetation). Across species, either from colder or warmer native climates, we found a predominant protective effect of shielded environments that block solar radiation (low SVF) along the entire urban-to-rural gradient. Such environments induced lower leaf anthocyanins and flavonols indices, indicating heat stress mitigation. Shielded environments also increased specific leaf area (SLA), a typical shade response. We found that vegetated areas had a secondary importance, increasing the chlorophyll content and decreasing the flavonols index, but these effects were not consistent across species. Finally, urbanity at the organism spatial scale decreased plant height, while broader-scale urbanity had no significant influence. Our results suggest that sealed surfaces constrain alien Asteraceae during unusually warm and dry summers, while shielded environments protect them, possibly canceling out the lack of light. These findings shed new light on alien plant species success along urban-to-rural gradients in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Géron
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
- Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | | | - Ivan Nijs
- Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Arnaud Monty
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
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Vorstenbosch T, Essl F, Lenzner B. An uphill battle? The elevational distribution of alien plant species along rivers and roads in the Austrian Alps. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.63.55096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ever-increasing international trade and anthropogenic activity has led to the relocation of thousands of plant species worldwide. So far, the harsh climate of the European Alps historically has restricted the establishment of alien plants. However, new opportunities created by rising temperatures and increasing human activity might allow alien plants to spread further upwards. Here, the distribution of alien plants along an altitudinal gradient in two Austrian valleys is analyzed. Specifically, the distribution along two contrasting corridors (roads, rivers) and the spread of alien plants into adjacent habitats is examined. Following the MIREN sampling protocol, 20 transects composed of three plots along each river and main road, were established in each study region. Plant species cover and a range of site-specific factors were collected. In total, 641 plant species were recorded, of which 20 were alien. Alien species richness along roads was slightly higher compared to rivers, and the composition of the alien flora differed markedly between roads and rivers. Further, alien plant species richness decreases with distance to roads and rivers (indicating that adjacent habitats are less invaded), as well as with increasing elevation. Mowing along roadsides resulted in lower alien plant species cover, but higher alien plant species richness. Finally, compositional dissimilarity between sites showed that elevation, proximity of a plot to a river or road, and alien plant cover are important factors for higher dissimilarity. This study demonstrates that both natural (rivers) and man-made (roads) corridors play an essential role in the upward spread of different alien plants in mountains.
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