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Ma M, Huo M, Coulon F, Ali M, Tang Z, Liu X, Ying Z, Wang B, Song X. Understanding microplastic presence in different wastewater treatment processes: Removal efficiency and source identification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172680. [PMID: 38663631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Municipal effluents discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a considerable source of microplastics in the environment. The dynamic profiles of microplastics in treatment units in WWTPs with different treatment processes remain unclear. This study quantitatively analyzed microplastics in wastewater samples collected from different treatment units in two tertiary treatment plants with distinct processes. The influents contained an average of 15.5 ± 3.5 particles/L and 38.5 ± 2.5 particles/L in the two WWTPs with in the oxidation ditch process and the integrated fixed-film activated sludge process, respectively. Interestingly, microplastic concentrations in the influent were more influenced by the population density in the served area than sewage volume or served population equivalent. Throughout the treatment process, concentrations were reduced to 1.5 ± 0.5 particles/L and 1.0 ± 1.0 particles/L in the final effluents, representing an overall decrease of 90% and 97%, in WWTPs with the oxidation ditch process and integrated fixed-film activated sludge process, respectively. A significant proportion of the microplastics were removed during the primary treatment stage in both WWTPs, with better performance for foam, film, line-shaped and large-sized microplastics. Most microplastics were accumulated in activated sludge, indicating its key role as the primary sink in WWTPs. The multiple correspondence analysis identified laundry washing and daily necessities such as packaging and containers as the major contributors to microplastics in WWTPs. The study proposed recommendations for upgrading WWTPs, modifying designs, and implementing strategies to reduce microplastic sources, aiming to minimize the release of microplastics into the environment. These findings can shed lights on the sources of microplastics in WWTPs, and advance our understanding of the mechanisms for more effective microplastic removals in wastewater treatment technologies in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhian Ying
- Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Treatment and Green Development of Polluted Water in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Judicial Expertise Center, Dalian Public Security Bureau, Dalian 116031, China
| | - Xin Song
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Lan Z, Zhang Y, Liang R, Wang Z, Sun J, Lu X, He Y, Wang Y. Comprehensive comparison of integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and AAO activated sludge methods: Influence of different operational parameters. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142068. [PMID: 38636921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to limited land availability in municipal wastewater treatment plants, integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) technology offers significant advantages in improving nitrogen removal performance and treatment capacity. In this study, two systems, IFAS and Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic Activated sludge process (AAO), were compared by adjusting parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), nitrifying solution recycle ratio, sludge recycle ratio, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The objective was to investigate pollutant removal capacity and differences in microbial community composition between the two systems. The study showed that, at an HRT of 12 h, the IFAS system exhibited an average increase of 5.76%, 8.85%, and 12.79% in COD, NH4+-N, and TN removal efficiency respectively, compared to the AAO system at an HRT of 16 h. The TP concentration in the IFAS system reached 0.82 mg/L without the use of additives. The IFAS system demonstrated superior effluent results under lower operating conditions of HRT, nitrification solution recycle ratio, and DO. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed higher abundance of denitrification-related associated flora, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetota, in the IFAS system compared to the AAO system. Similarities were observed between microorganisms attached to the media and activated sludge in the anaerobic, anoxic, and oxic tanks. q-PCR analysis indicated that the incorporation of filler material in the IFAS system resulted in similar abundance of nitrifying bacteria genes on the biofilm as in the oxic tank. Additionally, denitrifying genes showed higher levels due to aeration scouring and the presence of alternating aerobic-anaerobic environments on the biofilm surface, enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Lan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Renli Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingwen Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zajac O, Zielinska M, Zubrowska-Sudol M. Enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency: A hybrid technology perspective with energy-saving strategies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130593. [PMID: 38493937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate how hybrid technology, combined with various intermittent aeration (IA) strategies, contributes to reducing the energy costs of wastewater treatment while simultaneously ensuring a high treatment efficiency. Even with IA subphases lasting half as long as those without aeration, and oxygen levels reduced from 3.5 to 1.5 mg O2/L, pollutants removal efficiency remains robust, allowing for a 1.41-fold reduction in energy consumption (EO). Hybrid technology led to a 1.34-fold decrease in EO, along with improved denitrification efficiency from 74.05 ± 4.71 to 81.87 ± 2.43 % and enhanced biological phosphorus removal from 35.03 ± 4.25 to 87.32 ± 3.64 %. The high nitrification efficiency may have been attributed to the abundance of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Rhodococcus, which outcompeted the genera of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria, suggesting that the hybrid system is favorable for the growth of heterotrophic nitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zajac
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment, Faculty of Building Services Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zielinska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Zubrowska-Sudol
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment, Faculty of Building Services Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Li G, Yu Y, Li X, Jia H, Ma X, Opoku PA. Research progress of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process based on integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS). ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13235. [PMID: 38444262 PMCID: PMC10915381 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is considered one of the cutting-edge solutions to the traditional wastewater treatment challenges, allowing suspended sludge and attached biofilm to grow in the same system. In addition, the coupling of IFAS with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) can further improve the efficiency of biological denitrification. This paper summarises the research progress of IFAS coupled with the anammox process, including partial nitrification anammox, simultaneous partial nitrification anammox and denitrification, and partial denitrification anammox technologies, and describes the factors that limit the development of related processes. The effects of dissolved oxygen, influent carbon source, sludge retention time, temperature, microbial community, and nitrite-oxidising bacteria inhibition methods on the anammox of IFAS are presented. At the same time, this paper gives an outlook on future research focus and engineering practice direction of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of EducationJilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yunyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of EducationJilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of EducationJilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hongsheng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of EducationJilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoning Ma
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of EducationJilin Jianzhu UniversityChangchunChina
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Dolatshah M, Asadi A, Gholami F, Nazari S. Development and modeling of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system for simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal from an industrial estate wastewater. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 41:e00831. [PMID: 38375210 PMCID: PMC10875251 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The potential of an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) bioreactor for developing simultaneous aerobic and anoxic micro-zones under continuous aeration regime to promote carbon and nitrogen removal from Faraman industrial estate wastewater was evaluated in the present research. The effects of three independent variables on carbon and nitrogen removal were assessed. Overall, the optimum condition with 94 %, 77 %, and 2 NTU of COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal, Total nitrogen (TN) removal, and effluent turbidity has been specified with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 11 h, air flow rate (AFR) of 3.5 L/min, and filling ratio (FR) of 50 %. To assess the stability of treating processes in the system, the IFAS system was operated in this optimal condition. Moreover, the simulation of the bioreactor was accomplished via calibration and verification of GPS-X model. GPSX simulation results and experimental data were compared using an independent sample T-test, which the T-test result confirmed that there was no significant difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Dolatshah
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P.O. Box 67144‐14971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azar Asadi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Gas and Petroleum, Yasouj University, Gachsaran 75918-74831, Iran
| | - Foad Gholami
- Environmental Group, Energy Department, Materials and Energy Research Centre, Alborz, Iran
| | - Safoora Nazari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, P.O. Box 67144‐14971, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kumari B, Chauhan S, Chauhan GS, Kumar K, Jamwal P, Ranote S. A two-in-one thiosemicarbazide and whole pine needle-based adsorbent for rapid and efficient adsorption of methylene blue dye and mercuric ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21591-21609. [PMID: 38396177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of an oxidized pine needle-thiosemicarbazone Schiff base (OPN-TSC) from whole pine needles (WPN) as a dual-purpose adsorbent to remove a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), and Hg2+ ions in separate processes. The adsorbent was synthesized by periodate oxidation of WPN followed by a reaction with thiosemicarbazide. The syntheses of OPN and OPN-TSC were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDS, BET, and surface charge analysis. The emergence of new peaks at 1729 cm-1 (-CHO stretching) and 1639 cm-1 (-COO- stretching) in the FTIR spectrum of OPN confirmed the oxidation of WPN to OPN. FTIR spectrum of OPN-TSC has a peak at 1604 cm-1 (C = N stretching), confirming the functionalization of OPN to OPN-TSC. XRD studies revealed an increase in the crystallinity of OPN and a decrease in the crystallinity of OPN-TSC because of the attachment of thiosemicarbazide to OPN. The values of %removal for MB and Hg2+ ions by OPN-TSC were found to be 87.36% and 98.2% with maximum adsorption capacity of 279.3 mg/g and 196 mg/g for MB and Hg2+ ions, respectively. The adsorption of MB followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with correlation coefficient (R2 of 0.99383) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.97239), whereas Hg2+ ion removal demonstrated the Elovich (R2 = 0.97076) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.95110). OPN-TSC is regenerable with significant recyclability up to 10 cycles for both the adsorbates. The studies established OPN-TSC as a low-cost, sustainable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, and promising adsorbent for the removal of hazardous cationic dyes and toxic metal ions from wastewater and industrial effluents, especially the textile effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
| | - Sandeep Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005.
| | - Ghanshyam S Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
| | - Pooja Jamwal
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
| | - Sunita Ranote
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal-Pradesh, India, 171005
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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7
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Wang C, Chai X, Lu B, Lu W, Han H, Mu Y, Gu Q, Wu B. Integrated control strategy for dual sludge ages in the high-concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) technology: Enhancing municipal wastewater treatment efficiency. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119890. [PMID: 38160542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The high-concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) technology is an emerging approach that enables on-site upgrading of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). HPB technology promotes the formation of biofilm sludge with micron-scale composite powder carriers as the core and suspended sludge mainly composed of flocs surrounding the biofilm sludge. This study proposed a novel integrated strategy for assessing and controlling the sludge ages in suspended/bio-film activated sludge supported by micron-scale composite powder carrier. Utilizing the cyclone unit and the corresponding theoretical model, the proposed strategy effectively addresses the sludge ages contradiction between denitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), thereby enhancing the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment. The sludge age of the suspended (25 d) and bio-film (99 d) sludge, calculated using the model, contribute to the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Meanwhile, the model further estimates distinct contributions of suspended and bio-film sludge to chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN), which are 55% and 42% for COD, 20% and 57% for TN of suspended sludge and bio-film sludge, respectively. This suggests that the contribution of suspended sludge and bio-film sludge to COD and TN removal efficiency can be determined and controlled by the operational conditions of the cyclone unit. Additionally, the simulation values for COD, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), TN and total phosphorus (TP) closely align with the actual values of WWTPs over 70 days (p < 0.001) with the correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9809, 0.9932, 0.9825, and 0.837, respectively. These results support the theoretical foundation of HPB technology for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in sewage treatment plants. Therefore, this model serves as a valuable tool to guide the operation, design, and carrier addition in HPB technology implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Hongbo Han
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Yue Mu
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Qun Gu
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Boran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Waqas S, Harun NY, Arshad U, Laziz AM, Sow Mun SL, Bilad MR, Nordin NAH, Alsaadi AS. Optimization of operational parameters using RSM, ANN, and SVM in membrane integrated with rotating biological contactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140830. [PMID: 38056711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a critical bottleneck to the widespread adoption of membrane separation processes. It diminishes the membrane permeability and results in high operational energy costs. The current study presents optimizing the operating parameters of a novel rotating biological contactor (RBC) integrated with an external membrane (RBC + ME) that combines membrane technology with an RBC. In the RBC + ME, the membrane panel is placed external to the bioreactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to optimize the membrane permeability through three operating parameters (hydraulic retention time (HRT), rotational disk speed, and sludge retention time (SRT)). The artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) are implemented to depict the statistical modelling approach using experimental data sets. The results showed that all three operating parameters contribute significantly to the performance of the bioreactor. RSM revealed an optimum value of 40.7 rpm disk rotational speed, 18 h HRT and 12.4 d SRT, respectively. An ANN model with ten hidden layers provides the highest R2 value, while the SVM model with the Bayesian optimizer provides the highest R2. RSM, ANN, and SVM models reveal the highest R-square values of 0.97, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively. Machine learning techniques help predict the model based on the experimental results and training data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Noorfidza Yub Harun
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Ushtar Arshad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Afiq Mohd Laziz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Serene Lock Sow Mun
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link BE1410, Brunei
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad S Alsaadi
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Wang C, Lu B, Chen H, Chen H, Li T, Lu W, Chai X. Strengthen high-loading operation of wastewater treatment plants by composite micron powder carrier: Microscale control of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166593. [PMID: 37634713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of activated sludge is a crucial factor influencing the capacity and efficiency of sewage wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, high sludge concentrations can lead to sludge loss in the secondary sedimentation tank, resulting in reduced processing capacity, particularly during low-temperature stages and sludge bulking. This study investigated the impact of adding composite micron powder carriers (CMPC) in high-concentration powder carrier biofluidized bed (HPB) technology to the biochemical units of WWTPs on sludge concentration and settling performance. For the traditional activated sludge method (ASM), its hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 8 h, with an average effluent total nitrogen (TN) of 15.14 mg/L. Sludge bulking was prone to occur in low-temperature environments, resulting in a high average sludge volume index (SVI) of 560 mL/g. Conversely, with a CMPC dosage of 4 g/L, the HRT of HPB technology was 4.8 h, and the average effluent TN was 11.40 mg/L, with a removal efficiency of 67.43 %. During operation of HPB technology under high sludge concentration conditions (8 g/L), the average SVI remained at 85 mL/g, indicating excellent settling characteristics. Moreover, in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the SVI value of bulking sludge decreased from the original 695 to 111 mL/g by the 9th day of operation with the CMPC dosage of 2 g/L. At the same time, the filamentous bacteria almost disappeared, suggesting that CMPC inhibit the growth of filamentous bacteria. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that CPMC enhance the utilization of small molecular fatty acids in activated sludge and promote electron transfer between nitrate and nitrite, thereby improving wastewater treatment capacity. Additionally, CMPC enhanced the relative abundance of Saprospiraceae in sludge, which accelerate the degradation of polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances, weaken sludge's hydrophilic properties, and improve sludge's settling performance. Overall, these findings suggested that CMPC effectively strengthen the high-loading operation of WWTPs by improving sludge concentration and sedimentation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChengXian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Changsha Urban Research Institute of Construction Science, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha 410205, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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10
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Osama A, Kinnawy MA, Moussa MS, Riechelmann C, Hosney H. Mathematical modelling and comparative analysis of treatment technologies for upgrading wastewater treatment plants: A case study of biofilm reactors in El-Gouna, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117008. [PMID: 37669734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) have been preferred to conventional processes with suspended biomass. The main reason for this preference is that it can achieve better removal efficiencies than conventional systems with smaller footprints. However, unlocking the full potential of MBBRs in large-scale WWTPs remains challenging in real life. In this study, the performance of three different treatment technologies, Extended Aeration Activated Sludge (EAAS), Hybrid Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor (HFBBR), and Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (HMBBR), was investigated over a year in a WWTP located in El-Gouna, Egypt. The COD removal efficiencies of the three systems were comparable, with the EAAS achieving 93.5%, HFBBR 94%, and HMBRR 95%. Nevertheless, the NH4 removal efficiency of the EAAS was slightly lower (97.5%) than that of the HFBBR and the HMBBR, that achieved a removal efficiency of 98%. BioWin Software was able to mimic the real case of the WWTP of El-Gouna and critically defined all plant limitations and operational data. Different simulations were modeled to test the hydraulic and organic loading capacities of the three systems under different scenarios and operating conditions. The HMBBR system failed to withstand the increase in organic load because of the biomass sloughing effect and subsequently high TSS loads in the settlers. Biomass sloughing overloaded the settlers and lead to biomass loss in the effluent. As the settleability of the HMBBR sludge was significantly lower than for the HFBBR the TSS loss in the effluent happened that much earlier that the moving carrier application had an adverse effect contradicting with the primary purpose of adding media carriers. Model simulations and data analysis findings were used to recommend the most suitable configuration for upgrading an existing system using the attached growth technique with all kinetic parameters and operational conditions. The recommended configuration focuses mainly on the separation of plastic media in a compartment with a very low hydraulic retention time to absorb the incoming shock load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrakat Osama
- Environmental Engineering Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohab A Kinnawy
- Sustainable Development Center, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moustafa S Moussa
- Sustainable Development Center, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Engineering Mataria, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Carsten Riechelmann
- Department of Urban Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hadeel Hosney
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2601, DA, Delft, the Netherlands.
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11
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Jin Y, Ding J, Zhan W, Du J, Wang G, Pang J, Ren N, Yang S. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on performance and mechanism of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in integrated fixed-film activated sludge sequencing batch reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129616. [PMID: 37544541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) is a superior system for achieving simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), however, the impact of dissolved oxygen (DO) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of DO concentration on performance and mechanism of SND in IFAS system. Results showed that IFAS outperformed control systems and achieved optimal SND performance at a DO concentration of 0.5 mg/L, with an SND efficiency of 88.51% and total nitrogen removal efficiency of 82.78%. Typical cycles analysis demonstrated limited-DO promoted SND performance. Further analysis implied biofilms exhibited high biomass and denitrification activity with decreasing DO. Microbial community analysis revealed low DO concentrations were responsible for abundant functional groups and genes associated with SND and promoted unconventional nitrogen removal pathways. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis elucidated microbial interactions, responses to DO, and keystone genera. This study helps understanding the roles of DO for enhanced SND in IFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaruo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Juanshan Du
- KENTECH Institute of Environmental & Climate Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Naju 58330, South Korea
| | - Guangyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiwei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Guo T, Li H, Zhang D, Hou Y, Han Y, Song Y, Guo J. A novel sulfur autotrophic denitrification in-situ coupled sequencing batch reactor system to treat low carbon to nitrogen ratio municipal wastewater: Performance, niche equilibrium and pollutant removal mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129609. [PMID: 37597571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel integrated sulfur fixed-film activated sludge in SBR system (IS0FAS-SBR) was proposed to treat the low C/N ratio municipal wastewater. The effluent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and PO43--P decreased from 17 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L to 8.5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L, and higher nitrogen removal efficiency was contributed by the autotrophic denitrification. Microbial response characteristics showed that catalase (CAT), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) alleviated the oxidative stress of sulfur carrier to maintain cell activity, while metabolic activity analysis indicated that the electron transfer rate was enhanced to improve mixotrophic denitrification efficiency. Meanwhile, the increased key enzyme activities further facilitated nitrogen removal and sulfur oxidation process. Additionally, the microbial community, functional proteins and genes revealed a niche equilibrium of C, N, S metabolic bacteria. Sulfur autotrophic in-situ coupled SBR system enlarged a promising strategy for treatment of low C/N ratio municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Daohong Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
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13
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He Y, Liu Y, Li X, Zhu T, Liu Y. Unveiling the roles of biofilm in reducing N 2O emission in a nitrifying integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120326. [PMID: 37454457 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm process such as integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system has been preliminarily found to produce less nitrous oxide (N2O) than suspended sludge system. However, the N2O emission behaviors and underlying N2O mitigation mechanism in such hybrid system remain unclear. This study therefore aims to fully unveil the roles of biofilm in reducing N2O emission in a nitrifying IFAS system with the aid of some advanced technologies such as N2O microsensor and site-preference analysis. It was found that ammonia oxidation occurred mostly in the sludge flocs (˃ 86%) and biofilm could reduce N2O emission by 43.77% in a typical operating cycle. Biofilm not only reduced nitrite accumulation in nitrification process, inhibiting N2O production via nitrifier denitrification pathway, but also served as a N2O sink, promoting the reduction of N2O via endogenous denitrification. As a result, N2O emissions from the IFAS system were 50%-83% lower than those from the solo sludge flocs. Further, more N2O emission was reduced in the presence of biofilm with decreasing the dissolved oxygen level in the range of 0.5-3.0 mg O2/L. Microbial community and key enzyme analyses revealed that biofilm had relatively high microbial diversity and unique enzyme composition, providing a reasonable explanation for the changed contributions of different N2O production pathways and reduced N2O emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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14
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Waqas S, Harun NY, Sambudi NS, Abioye KJ, Zeeshan MH, Ali A, Abdulrahman A, Alkhattabi L, Alsaadi AS. Effect of Operating Parameters on the Performance of Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge for Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:704. [PMID: 37623765 PMCID: PMC10456300 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) is a hybrid wastewater treatment process that combines suspended and attached growth. The current review provides an overview of the effect of operating parameters on the performance of IFAS and their implications for wastewater treatment. The operating parameters examined include hydraulic retention time (HRT), solids retention time (SRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, temperature, nutrient loading rates, and aeration. Proper control and optimization of these parameters significantly enhance the treatment efficiency and pollutant removal. Longer HRT and appropriate SRT contribute to improved organic matter and nutrient removal. DO levels promote the growth of aerobic microorganisms, leading to enhanced organic matter degradation. Temperature influences microbial activity and enzymatic reactions, impacting treatment efficiency. Nutrient loading rates must be carefully managed to avoid system overload or inhibition. Effective aeration ensures uniform distribution of wastewater and biofilm carriers, optimizing contact between microorganisms and pollutants. IFAS has been used in water reuse applications, providing a sustainable and reliable water source for non-potable uses. Overall, IFAS has proven to be an effective and efficient treatment process that can provide high-quality effluent suitable for discharge or reuse. Understanding the effects of these operating parameters helps to optimize the design and operation for efficient wastewater treatment. Further research is needed to explore the interactions between different parameters, evaluate their impact under varying wastewater characteristics, and develop advanced control strategies for improved performance and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (K.J.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Noorfidza Yub Harun
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (K.J.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Nonni Soraya Sambudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Simprug, Jakarta Selatan 12220, Indonesia;
| | - Kunmi Joshua Abioye
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (K.J.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Hamad Zeeshan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (K.J.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Abulhassan Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Aymn Abdulrahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Loai Alkhattabi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad S. Alsaadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
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15
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Maza-Márquez P, Gallardo-Altamirano MJ, Osorio F, Pozo C, Rodelas B. Microbial indicators of efficient performance in an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic integrated fixed-film activated sludge (A2O-IFAS) and a two-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion process. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 335:139164. [PMID: 37295687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the community structure, diversity and population dynamics of Bacteria and Archaea in the suspended and attached biomass fractions of a pilot-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic integrated fixed-film activated sludge (A2O-IFAS) was executed. Along with this, the effluents of the acidogenic (AcD) and methanogenic (MD) digesters of a two-stage mesophilic anaerobic (MAD) system treating the primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS) generated by the A2O-IFAS were also analyzed. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and Biota-environment (BIO-ENV) multivariate analyses were performed to link population dynamics of Bacteria and Archaea to operating parameters and removal efficiencies of organic matter and nutrients, in search of microbial indicators associated with optimal performance. In all samples analyzed, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were the most abundant phyla, while the hydrogenotrophic methanogens Methanolinea, Methanocorpusculum and Methanobacterium were the predominant archaeal genera. BIO-ENV analysis disclosed strong correlations between the population shifts observed in the suspended and attached bacterial communities of the A2O-IFAS and the removal rates of organic matter, N and P. It is noteworthy that the incorporation of carriers combined with a short sludge retention time (SRT = 4.0 ± 1.0 days) enhanced N removal performance of the A2O by favoring the enrichment of bacterial genera able to denitrify (Bosea, Dechloromonas, Devosia, Hyphomicrobium, Rhodobacter, Rhodoplanes, Rubrivivax, and Sulfuritalea) in the attached biomass fraction. In addition, operation at short SRT enabled the generation of a highly biodegradable WAS, which enhanced the biogas and methane yields in the two-stage MAD. An increase in the relative abundance of Acetobacteroides (uncultured Blvii28 wastewater-sludge group of Rikenellaceae family) correlated positively with the volatile solids removal rate (%VSR), CH4 recovery rate and %CH4 in the biogas (r > 0.8), supporting their relevance for an efficient methanogenesis in two-stage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maza-Márquez
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Gallardo-Altamirano
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - F Osorio
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C Pozo
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - B Rodelas
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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16
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Samaei SHA, Chen J, Xue J. Current progress of continuous-flow aerobic granular sludge: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162633. [PMID: 36889385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is promising for water resource recovery. Despite the mature granulation strategies in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the application of AGS-SBR in wastewater treatment is usually costly as it requires extensive infrastructure conversion (e.g., from continuous-flow reactor to SBR). In contrast, continuous-flow AGS (CAGS) that does not require such infrastructure conversion is a more cost-effective strategy to retrofit existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Formation of aerobic granules in both batch and continuous-flow mode depends on many factors, including selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and environmental conditions. Compared with AGS in SBR, creating proper conditions to facilitate granulation in continuous-flow mode is challenging. Researchers have been seeking to tackle this bottleneck by studying the impacts of selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, and operating parameters on granulation and granule stability in CAGS. This review paper summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding CAGS for wastewater treatment. Firstly, we discuss the CAGS granulation process and effective parameters (i.e., selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, hydrodynamic shear force, reactor configuration, the role of EPS, and other operating factors). Then, we evaluate CAGS performance in removing COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, emerging pollutants, and heavy metals from wastewater. Finally, the applicability of the hybrid CAGS systems is presented. At last, we suggest that integrating CAGS with other treatment methods such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) or advanced oxidation processes (AOP) can benefit the performance and stability of granules. However, future research should address unknowns including the relationship between feast/famine ratio and stability of the granules, the effectiveness of applying particle size-based selection pressure, and the CAGS performance at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hesam-Aldin Samaei
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jinkai Xue
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
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17
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Maaz M, Aslam M, Yasin M, Khan AL, Mushtaq A, Fazal T, Aljuwayid AM, Habila MA, Kim J. Macroalgal biochar synthesis and its implication on membrane fouling mitigation in fluidized bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138197. [PMID: 36841456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The intensification of biochar into fluidized bed membrane bioreactor was investigated to mitigate membrane fouling. Different biochars from algal biomass were produced and used as biomaterials for wastewater treatment. In this study, different macroalgal biochar was synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques to implicate their effect on membrane fouling reduction in fluidized bed membrane bioreactor. The combined effect of macroalgal biochars and biocarriers with gas sparging was evaluated for fouling mitigation. Macroalgal biochar curtailed membrane fouling effectively at low gas sparging rate. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) was reduced to 0.053 bar; under the fluidization of biochar-650 and biocarriers with gas sparging; from 0.27 bar (gas sparging only). Combined effect of gas sparging, biocarriers and biochar-650 instigated 92.1% fouling reduction in comparative to gas sparging alone. Mechanical scouring driven by biocarriers could reduce fouling due to removing surface deposit of foulants from membrane surface effectively and biochar can efficiently adsorb foulants because of its active functional groups resulting in reduction of colloidal fouling. The addition of divalent ions (Ca2+) further enhanced the fouling reduction in fluidized bed membrane bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Maaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Azeem Mushtaq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Fazal
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Muteb Aljuwayid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymeric Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuholgu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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18
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Hong S, Winkler MKH, Wang Z, Goel R. Integration of EBPR with mainstream anammox process to treat real municipal wastewater: Process performance and microbiology. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119758. [PMID: 36812815 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mainstream application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) for sustainable N removal remains a challenge. Similarly, with recent additional stringent regulations for P discharges, it is imperative to integrate N with P removal. This research studied integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) technology to simultaneously remove N and P in real municipal wastewater by combining biofilm anammox with flocculent activated sludge for enhanced biological P removal (EBPR). This technology was assessed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated as a conventional A2O (anaerobic-anoxic-oxic) process with a hydraulic retention time of 8.8 h. After a steady state operation was reached, robust reactor performance was obtained with average TIN and P removal efficiencies of 91.3 ± 4.1% and 98.4 ± 2.4%, respectively. The average TIN removal rate recorded over the last 100 d of reactor operation was 118 mg/L·d, which is a reasonable number for mainstream applications. The activity of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) accounted for nearly 15.9% of P-uptake during the anoxic phase. DPAOs and canonical denitrifiers removed approximately 5.9 mg TIN/L in the anoxic phase. Batch activity assays, which showed that nearly 44.5% of TIN were removed by the biofilms during the aerobic phase. The functional gene expression data also confirmed anammox activities. The IFAS configuration of the SBR allowed operation at a low solid retention time (SRT) of 5-d without washing out biofilm ammonium-oxidizing and anammox bacteria. The low SRT, combined with low dissolved oxygen and intermittent aeration, provided a selective pressure to washout nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and glycogen-accumulating organisms, as relative abundances of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soklida Hong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 S Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Mari-K H Winkler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 616 Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Zhiwu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Ramesh Goel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, 110 S Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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19
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Wang K, Zhou C, Zhou H, Jiang M, Chen G, Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Jiang LM, Zhou Z. Comparison on biological nutrient removal and microbial community between full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process and its upgrading processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128757. [PMID: 36801443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study was conducted for the anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (AAO) process and its two upgrading processes, five-stage Bardenpho and AAO coupling moving bed bioreactors (AAO + MBBR), using long-term operation data of six full-scale wastewater treatment plants. The three processes all had good COD and phosphorus removal performance. The reinforcing effects of carriers on nitrification were moderate at full-scale applications, while the Bardenpho was advantageous in nitrogen removal. The AAO + MBBR and Bardenpho processes both had higher microbial richness and diversity than the AAO. The AAO + MBBR favored bacteria to degrade complex organics (Ottowia and Mycobacterium) and to form biofilms (Novosphingobium), and preferentially enriched denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating bacteria (DPB) (norank_o__Run-SP154) with the highest anoxic to aerobic phosphorus uptake rates of 65.3 % - 83.9 %. The Bardenpho enriched bacteria tolerant to varied environments (Norank_f__Blastocatellaceae, norank_o__Saccharimonadales, and norank_o__SBR103), and was more suitable for the upgrading of the AAO because of its excellent pollutant removal performance and flexible operation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chuanting Zhou
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Shanghai Chengtou Water Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Shanghai Chengtou Water Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design & Research Institute, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Zhenjian Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Lu-Man Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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20
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Shi J, Liang Z, Dai X. Enhanced biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal by high-concentration powder carriers: extracellular polymeric substance, microbial communities, and metabolic pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4010-4022. [PMID: 35963965 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, diatomite, activated carbon, and iron-carbon (Fe-C) were used as biological carriers for the integrated fixed-film activated sludge process. Biomass, pollutant removal efficiency, and extracellular polymer were tested, and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity were studied after the sludge retention time was changed. The mechanism of carrier enriching microorganism and promoting pollutant degradation was studied. The results showed that the addition of these three carriers contributed to the enrichment of nitrifying bacteria in the system, and the NH4+-N removal efficiency was above 98%. Diatomite and Fe-C could improve pollutant removal by increasing the activity of the electron transfer system. The abundance of denitrogenation-related reductases and the enzymes synthesizing poly-β-hydroxybutyrate was increased in activated carbon. The addition of Fe-C increased the abundance of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms by approximately 25% and the removal efficiency of total phosphorus by 12.61-14.88% at the end of the long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Zixuan Liang
- State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Treatment of High-Polyphenol-Content Waters Using Biotechnological Approaches: The Latest Update. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010314. [PMID: 36615508 PMCID: PMC9822302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols and their intermediate metabolites are natural compounds that are spread worldwide. Polyphenols are antioxidant agents beneficial for human health, but exposure to some of these compounds can be harmful to humans and the environment. A number of industries produce and discharge polyphenols in water effluents. These emissions pose serious environmental issues, causing the pollution of surface or groundwater (which are used to provide drinking water) or harming wildlife in the receiving ecosystems. The treatment of high-polyphenol-content waters is mandatory for many industries. Nowadays, biotechnological approaches are gaining relevance for their low footprint, high efficiency, low cost, and versatility in pollutant removal. Biotreatments exploit the diversity of microbial metabolisms in relation to the different characteristics of the polluted water, modifying the design and the operational conditions of the technologies. Microbial metabolic features have been used for full or partial polyphenol degradation since several decades ago. Nowadays, the comprehensive use of biotreatments combined with physical-chemical treatments has enhanced the removal rates to provide safe and high-quality effluents. In this review, the evolution of the biotechnological processes for treating high-polyphenol-content water is described. A particular emphasis is given to providing a general concept, indicating which bioprocess might be adopted considering the water composition and the economic/environmental requirements. The use of effective technologies for environmental phenol removal could help in reducing/avoiding the detrimental effects of these chemicals. In addition, some of them could be employed for the recovery of beneficial ones.
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22
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Liang Z, Han H, Yi J, Dai X. Modified integrated fixed-film activated sludge process: Advanced nitrogen removal for low-C/N domestic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135827. [PMID: 35944692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Actual low-C/N domestic wastewater was treated using the high-concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) process comparing diatomite and Fe-C as the carriers. The total nitrogen removal efficiencies were increased from 50.08% to 65.40% and 78.58%, respectively. The diatomite HPB process increased the relative abundance of autotrophic N-cycle bacteria to more than twofold and the sludge size. Therefore, the contributions for nitrogen removal by anammox and simultaneous nitrification-denitrification were increased. The Fe-C HPB process improved the nitrogen removal efficiency mainly by increasing the biodegradability and activities of electron transfer system and key enzymes. The key device (hydrocyclone separator) of the HPB process significantly improved the recovery efficiency of the carriers. It also improved the capacity of microbial aggregations for adsorbing pollutants. Furthermore, it reduced the relative abundance of filamentous bacteria. This study demonstrated the feasibility and mechanism of the HPB process for improving the nitrogen removal efficiency for low-C/N wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liang
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongbo Han
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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23
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Liang Z, Yi J, Gu Q, Dai X. Metagenomics reveals a full-scale modified integrated fixed-film activated sludge process: Enhanced nitrogen removal and reduced sludge production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156666. [PMID: 35705129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a side-by-side comparative investigation between the full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) and the high-concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) processes. The results showed that the HPB total nitrogen removal efficiency increased by 10.86 % more than CAS. The anammox pathway increased by 6.92 %, while the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification pathway increased by 4.27 %. Also, the effluent's total nitrogen of the HPB process was stabilized below 10 mg/L, which can withstand the impact of industrial wastewater better. More energy and substance (protein) were consumed to attach to the carriers and resist external selective pressure to produce extracellular polymeric substance rather than sludge production in the HPB process. For a 10,000 m3/d HPB wastewater treatment plant, lowering the total nitrogen and sludge production saved $110,369.64 in annual operating costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liang
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Gu
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Morello R, Di Capua F, Esposito G, Pirozzi F, Fratino U, Spasiano D. Sludge minimization in mainstream wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, strategies, technologies, and current development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115756. [PMID: 35982561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excess sludge production in wastewater treatment plants has become an enormous environmental issue worldwide mainly due to the increased efforts towards wastewater purification. Researchers and plant operators are looking for technological solutions to reduce sludge production through the upgrading of existing technologies and configurations or by substituting them with alternative solutions. Several strategies have been identified to reduce sludge production, including the use of biological and physical-chemical methods (or a combination of them) and novel technologies, although many have not been sufficiently tested at full-scale. To select the most suitable system for sludge reduction, understanding the reduction mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, and the economic and environmental impact of each technology is essential. This work offers a comprehensive and critical overview of mainstream sludge reduction technologies and underlying mechanisms from laboratory to full scale, and describes potential application, configuration, and integration with conventional systems. Research needs are highlighted, and a techno-economic-environmental comparison of the existing technologies is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Morello
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (Di.S.A.A.T), University of Bari, Via Amendola165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Fratino
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Roman MD, Sava C, Iluțiu-Varvara DA, Mare R, Pruteanu LL, Pică EM, Jäntschi L. Biological Activated Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plant before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11323. [PMID: 36141596 PMCID: PMC9517470 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the related measures brought a change in daily life that affected the characteristics of the municipal wastewater and further, of the biological activated sludge. The activated sludge process is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process in developed areas. In this paper, we aim to show the situation of specific investigations concerning the variation of the physicochemical parameters and biological composition of the activated sludge from one conventional wastewater treatment plant from a metropolitan area. The investigations were carried out for three years: 2019, 2020 and 2021. The results showed the most representative taxa of microorganisms: Microtrix, Aspidisca cicada, Vorticella convallaria, Ciliata free of the unknown and Epistylis and Rotifers. Even if other microorganisms were found in the sludge flocs, their small presence did not influence in any way the quality of the activated sludge and of the wastewater treatment process. That is why we conclude that protozoa (especially Flagellates and Ciliates) and rotifers were the most important. Together with the values and variation of the physicochemical parameters, they indicated a good, healthy, and stable activated sludge, along with an efficient purifying treatment process, no matter the loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius-Daniel Roman
- Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Sava
- Faculty of Engineering Materials and the Environment, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana-Adriana Iluțiu-Varvara
- Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Mare
- Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia-Lorena Pruteanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, North University Center at Baia Mare, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 76 Victoriei Street, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Elena Maria Pică
- Faculty of Engineering Materials and the Environment, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorentz Jäntschi
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Bd. Muncii, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute for Doctoral Studies, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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26
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Zhu X, Lei C, Qi J, Zhen G, Lu X, Xu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang X, Wu Z. The role of microbiome in carbon sequestration and environment security during wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155793. [PMID: 35550899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is an essential aspect of the earth's sustainable future. However, different wastewater treatment methods are responsible for carbon discharge into the environment, raising environmental risks. Hence, such wastewater treatment methods are required that can minimize carbon release without compromising the treatment quality. Microbiome-based carbon sequestration is a potential method for achieving this goal. Limited studies have been carried out to investigate how microbes can capture and utilize CO2. This review summarizes the approaches including microbial electrolytic carbon capture, microbial electrosynthesis, microbial fuel cell, microalgae cultivation, and constructed wetlands that employ microbes to capture and utilize CO2. Electroactive Bacteria (EAB) convert carbon dioxide to carbonates and bicarbonates in subsequent steps after organic matter decomposition. Similarly, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) not only helps capture carbon but also produces secondary products (production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Gram-negative rod Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria) of commercial importance during wastewater treatment. In addition to this, microbial carbon capture cells (MCCs) have been now utilized for energy generation and carbon sequestration at the same time during wastewater treatment. Moreover, microalgae cultivation has also been found to capture CO2 at a rapid pace while releasing O2 as a consequence of photosynthesis. Hence, microbe-based wastewater treatment has quite a potential due to two-fold benefits like carbon sequestration and by-product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Cheng Lei
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jing Qi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Waqas S, Harun NY, Sambudi NS, Arshad U, Nordin NAHM, Bilad MR, Saeed AAH, Malik AA. SVM and ANN Modelling Approach for the Optimization of Membrane Permeability of a Membrane Rotating Biological Contactor for Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12090821. [PMID: 36135840 PMCID: PMC9504877 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling significantly hinders the widespread application of membrane technology. In the current study, a support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) modelling approach was adopted to optimize the membrane permeability in a novel membrane rotating biological contactor (MRBC). The MRBC utilizes the disk rotation mechanism to generate a shear rate at the membrane surface to scour off the foulants. The effect of operational parameters (disk rotational speed, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and sludge retention time (SRT)) was studied on the membrane permeability. ANN and SVM are machine learning algorithms that aim to predict the model based on the trained data sets. The implementation and efficacy of machine learning and statistical approaches have been demonstrated through real-time experimental results. Feed-forward ANN with the back-propagation algorithm and SVN regression models for various kernel functions were trained to augment the membrane permeability. An overall comparison of predictive models for the test data sets reveals the model’s significance. ANN modelling with 13 hidden layers gives the highest R2 value of >0.99, and the SVM model with the Bayesian optimizer approach results in R2 values higher than 0.99. The MRBC is a promising substitute for traditional suspended growth processes, which aligns with the stipulations of ecological evolution and environmentally friendly treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Noorfidza Yub Harun
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nonni Soraya Sambudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Simprug, Jakarta Selatan 12220, Indonesia
| | - Ushtar Arshad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Asher Ahmed Malik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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28
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Zulkifli M, Abu Hasan H, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Muhamad MH. A review of ammonia removal using a biofilm-based reactor and its challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115162. [PMID: 35561462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extensive growth of industries leads to uncontrolled ammonia releases to environment. This can result in significant degradation of the aquatic ecology as well as significant health concerns for humans. Knowing the mechanism of ammonia elimination is the simplest approach to comprehending it. Ammonia has been commonly converted to less hazardous substances either in the form of nitrate or nitrogen gas. Ammonia has been converted into nitrite by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and further reduced to nitrate by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in aerobic conditions. Denitrification takes place in an anoxic phase and nitrate is converted into nitrogen gas. It is challenging to remove ammonia by employing technologies that do not incur particularly high costs. Thus, this review paper is focused on biofilm reactors that utilize the nitrification process. Many research publications and patents on biofilm wastewater treatment have been published. However, only a tiny percentage of these projects are for full-scale applications, and the majority of the work was completed within the last few decades. The physicochemical approaches such as ammonia adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, and membrane separation, as well as conventional biological treatments including activated sludge, microalgae, and bacteria biofilm, are briefly addressed in this review paper. The effectiveness of biofilm reactors in removing ammonia was compared, and the microbes that effectively remove ammonia were thoroughly discussed. Overall, biofilm reactors can remove up to 99.7% ammonia from streams with a concentration in range of 16-900 mg/L. As many challenges were identified for ammonia removal using biofilm at a commercial scale, this study offers future perspectives on how to address the most pressing biofilm issues. This review may also improve our understanding of biofilm technologies for the removal of ammonia as well as polishing unit in wastewater treatment plants for the water reuse and recycling, supporting the circular economy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zulkifli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hafizuddin Muhamad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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29
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Li A, Huang C, Feng X, Li Y, Yang H, Wang S, Li J. Upgradation of sludge deep dewatering conditioners through persulfate activated by ferrous: Compatibility with sludge incineration, dewatering mechanism, ecological risks elimination and carbon emission performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:113024. [PMID: 35248567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Serious loss of organic substances and notable release of refractory intracellular organics and cell-free antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) caused by cell lysis are found when quick lime, FeCl3, and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) were used as sludge conditioners, which is not feasible to sludge separate incineration and increases ecological risks. Therefore, persulfate oxidation through ferrous (Fe2+-Na2S2O8) activation was applied for the upgradation of sludge conditioner in China, the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and capillary suction time (CST) significantly decreased and the removed water increased from 40% to 54%, implying that the persulfate activated by ferrous (PAF) conditioner presents good performance in sludge dewatering. Organic matter content and heating value of sludge merely decreased, and Cl- content in sludge simultaneously decreased with the use of the PAF conditioner, thereby effectively reducing the corrosion risk to the incinerator and showing good compatibility with sludge separate incineration. In accordance with ferrous activation, sulfate radical plays an important role in sludge dewatering process because remarkable decrease in polysaccharides and protein contents from tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) was discovered. Based on flow cytometry analysis, slight cell lysis presented better filtrate quality by the use of PAF conditioner, 49.3% of refractory intracellular organics was removed and the respective ermB, tetW and blaTEM decreased by factors of 37.3%, 54.5% and 63.6% due to the strong oxidizing property of sulfate radical. The intensive decrease in refractory intracellular organics and cell-free ARGs will reduce the ecological risks. The total carbon emission significantly decreases to 1771.1 kgCO2/tDS when PAF conditioner was employed, which is beneficial to the upgradation of sludge deep dewatering conditioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chou Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hanwen Yang
- Wuxi Guolian Environmental Science and Technology Co.Ltd., Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China
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30
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Chen Y, Wang H, Gao X, Li X, Dong S, Zhou H, Tan Z. COD/TN ratios shift the microbial community assembly of a pilot-scale shortcut nitrification-denitrification process for biogas slurry treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49335-49345. [PMID: 35220533 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of carbon to nitrogen (COD/TN) ratios of biogas slurry on shortcut nitrification-denitrification in a pilot-scale integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) system were investigated. Lowering the COD/TN ratio from 11.7 to 6.2 exerted a negative impact on shortcut nitrification-denitrification performance. Accordingly, the NH3-N and TN removal rates decreased from 94.4 to 91.2% and 92.3 to 85.9%, respectively. The dynamics of microbial assembly was analyzed by MiSeq sequencing, and the denitrifying functional genes were quantified by qPCR. The results showed that ammonia oxidizing bacteria and amoA gene were more abundant on the biofilm of oxic tank, indicating they play a key role in NH3-N removal. Autotrophic, endogenous, and fast heterotrophic kinetics denitrifiers were coexisted and enriched in the IFAS system with a decreasing of COD/TN ratio. TN removal was mainly affected by denitrifiers (including Arenimonas, Acidovorax, and Thaurea) harboring narG and nirS genes. Canonical correspondence analysis proved that COD/TN ratio was the most critical factor driving the succession of microbial community. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were found positively correlated with denitrifiers at low COD/TN ratio conditions. As a result, NH3-N and TN removal were effectively enhanced when the DO level in the oxic tank of IFAS system was increased to 1.0-3.0 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xingdong Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiyang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Houzhen Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhouliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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31
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Enhanced Nitrogen Removal in a Pilot-Scale Anoxic/Aerobic (A/O) Process Coupling PE Carrier and Nitrifying Bacteria PE Carrier: Performance and Microbial Shift. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge technology (IFAS) has a great advantage in improving nitrogen removal performance and increasing treatment capacity of municipal wastewater treatment plants with limited land for upgrading and reconstruction. This research aims at investigating the enhancing effects of polyethylene (PE) carrier and nitrifying bacteria PE (NBPE) carrier on nitrogen removal efficiency of an anoxic/aerobic (A/O) system from municipal wastewater and revealing temporal changes in microbial community evolution. A pilot-scale A/O system and a pilot-scale IFAS system were operated for nearly 200 days, respectively. Traditional PE and NBPE carriers were added to the IFAS system at different operating phases. Results showed that the treatment capacity of the IFAS system was enhanced by almost 50% and 100% by coupling the PE carrier and NBPE carrier, respectively. For the PE carrier, nitrifying bacteria abundance was maintained at 7.05%. In contrast, the nitrifying bacteria on the NBPE carrier was enriched from 6.66% to 23.17%, which could improve the nitrogen removal and treating capacity of the IFAS system. Finally, the ammonia efficiency of the IFAS system with NBPE carrier reached 73.0 ± 7.9% under 400% influent shock load and hydraulic retention time of 1.8 h. The study supplies a suitable nitrifying bacteria enrichment method that can be used to help enhance the nitrogen removal performance of municipal wastewater treatment plants. The study’s results advance the understanding of this enrichment method that effectively improves nitrogen removal and anti-resistance shock-load capacity.
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Effect of Operating Parameters and Energy Expenditure on the Biological Performance of Rotating Biological Contactor for Wastewater Treatment. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rotating biological contactor (RBC) is resistant to toxic chemical and shock loadings, and this results in significant organic and nutrient removal efficiencies. The RBC system offers a low-energy footprint and saves up to 90% in energy costs. Due to the system’s low-energy demand, it is easily operable with renewable energy sources, either solar or wind power. An RBC was employed to degrade pollutants in domestic wastewater through biodegradation mechanisms in this study. The high microbial population in the RBC bioreactor produced excellent biological treatment capacity and higher effluent quality. The results showed that the RBC bioreactor achieved an average removal efficiency of 73.9% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 38.3% of total nitrogen (TN), 95.6% of ammonium, and 78.9% of turbidity. Investigation of operational parameters, disk rotational speed, HRT, and SRT, showed the biological performance impact. Disk rotational speed showed uniform effluent quality at 30–40 rpm, while higher values of disk rotational speed (>40 rpm) resulted in lower effluent quality in COD, TN, and turbidity. The longer hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time (SRT) facilitated higher biological performance efficiency. The longer SRTs enabled the higher TN removal efficiency because of the higher quantity of microbial biomass retention. The longer SRT also resulted in efficient sludge-settling properties and reduced volume of sludge production. The energy evaluation of the RBC bioreactor showed that it consumed only 0.14 kWh/m3, which is significantly lower than the conventional treatment methods; therefore, it is easily operable with renewable energy sources. The RBC is promising substitute for traditional suspended growth processes as higher microbial activity, lower operational and maintenance costs, and lower carbon foot print enhanced the biological performance, which aligns with the stipulations of ecological evolution and environment-friendly treatment.
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Fofana R, Peng B, Huynh H, Sajjad M, Jones K, Al-Omari A, Bott C, Delgado Vela J, Murthy S, Wett B, Debarbadillo C, De Clippeleir H. Media selection for anammox-based polishing filters: Balancing anammox enrichment and retention with filtration function. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10724. [PMID: 35614874 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Retrofitting conventional denitrification filters into partial denitrification-anammox (PdNA)- or anammox (AnAOB)-based filters will reduce the needs for external carbon addition. The success of AnAOB-based filters depends on anammox growth and retention within such filters. Studies have overlooked the importance of media selection and its impact on AnAOB capacity, head loss progression dynamics, and shear conditions applied onto the AnAOB biofilm. The objective of this study was to evaluate viable media types (10 types) that can enhance AnAOB rates for efficient nitrogen removal in filters. Given the higher backwash requirement and lower AnAOB capacity of the conventionally used sand, expanded clay (3-5 mm) was recommended for AnAOB-based filters in this study. Owing to its surface characteristics, expanded clay had higher AnAOB activity (304- vs. 104-g NH4 + -N/m2 /day) and higher AnAOB retention (43% more) than sand. Increasing the iron content of expanded clay to 37% resulted in an increase in zeta potential, which led to 56% more anammox capacity compared to expanded clay with 7% iron content. This work provides insight into the importance of media types in the growth and retention of AnAOB in filters, and this knowledge could be used as basis in the development of PdNA filters. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Expanded clay showed the lowest head loss buildup and most likely will result in longer runtime for full-scale PdNA applications The highest AnAOB rates were achieved in expanded clay types and sand compared with smaller media typically used in biofiltration Expanded clay resulted in better AnAOB retention under shear, whereas sand could not withstand shear and required more frequent backwashing Expanded clay iron coating enhanced AnAOB enrichment and retention, most likely due to increased surface roughness and/or positive charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Fofana
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Huu Huynh
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mehran Sajjad
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kimberly Jones
- Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- DC Water & Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
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Shitu A, Liu G, Muhammad AI, Zhang Y, Tadda MA, Qi W, Liu D, Ye Z, Zhu S. Recent advances in application of moving bed bioreactors for wastewater treatment from recirculating aquaculture systems: A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Liang Z, Yi J, Cao D, Shi J, Yang D, Dai L, Dai X. High concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed process: A new perspective for domestic wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127015. [PMID: 35306133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen removal mechanism of the high concentration powder carrier bio-fluidized bed (HPB) process was investigated with actual domestic wastewater. The micron-size (10-70 μm) powder carriers were diatomite and Fe-C. Results showed diatomite enriched the relative abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, accordingly increasing the rate of nitrification. Even a 100% increase of genes associated with the ammonia oxidation was achieved. Fe-C enhanced the rate of substrate utilization mainly by increasing the activity of the electron transfer system. Hydrocyclone separator, as a key device of HPB, was able to recover the carriers with high efficiency (recovery efficiency of 72.66 ─ 82.50% after 75 days), thus, indirectly improving the functionality of the carriers. Furthermore, it could renew the surface of microbial aggregations, consequently improving the adsorption capacity to substrates. HPB could provide the feasibility of shortening the hydraulic retention time and expanding the capacity of wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Liang
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Yi
- Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dawen Cao
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Hunan Sanyou Environmental Protection Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Donghai Yang
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lingling Dai
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Mehrani MJ, Azari M, Teichgräber B, Jagemann P, Schoth J, Denecke M, Mąkinia J. Performance evaluation and model-based optimization of the mainstream deammonification in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126942. [PMID: 35257883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to model and optimize mainstream deammonification in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) pilot plant under natural seasonal temperature variations. The effect of gradually decreasing temperature on the performance was evaluated during a winter season and a transition period to summer conditions, and the correlation of the performance parameters was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA). The optimization of intermittent aeration in the long-term (30 days) dynamic conditions with on/off ratio and dissolved oxygen (DO) set-point control was used to maximize the N-removal rate (NRR) and N-removal efficiency (NRE). Optimization results (DO set-point of 0.2-0.25 mgO2/L, and on/off ratio of 0.05) increased the NRE and NRR of total inorganic N (daily average) from 30% to > 50% and 15 gN/m3d to 25 gN/m3d, respectively. This novel long-term optimization strategy is a powerful tool for enhancing the efficiency in mainstream deammonification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Javad Mehrani
- Department of Urban Water- and Waste Management, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 15, 45141, Essen, Germany; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mohammad Azari
- Department of Aquatic Environmental Engineering, Institute for Water and River Basin Management, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Gotthard-Franz-Str. 3, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Teichgräber
- EMSCHERGENOSSENSCHAFT and LIPPEVERBAND, Kronprinzenstrasse 24, 45128, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Jagemann
- EMSCHERGENOSSENSCHAFT and LIPPEVERBAND, Kronprinzenstrasse 24, 45128, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Schoth
- EMSCHERGENOSSENSCHAFT and LIPPEVERBAND, Kronprinzenstrasse 24, 45128, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Denecke
- Department of Urban Water- and Waste Management, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 15, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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Zhang L, Zhong M, Han H. Detection of sludge bulking using adaptive fuzzy neural network and mechanism model. Neurocomputing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2022.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network Modelling of Membrane Rotating Biological Contactors for Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051932. [PMID: 35269163 PMCID: PMC8911570 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a major hindrance to widespread wastewater treatment applications. This study optimizes operating parameters in membrane rotating biological contactors (MRBC) for maximized membrane fouling through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). MRBC is an integrated system, embracing membrane filtration and conventional rotating biological contactor in one individual bioreactor. The filtration performance was optimized by exploiting the three parameters of disk rotational speed, membrane-to-disk gap, and organic loading rate. The results showed that both the RSM and ANN models were in good agreement with the experimental data and the modelled equation. The overall R2 value was 0.9982 for the proposed network using ANN, higher than the RSM value (0.9762). The RSM model demonstrated the optimum operating parameter values of a 44 rpm disk rotational speed, a 1.07 membrane-to-disk gap, and a 10.2 g COD/m2 d organic loading rate. The optimization of process parameters can eliminate unnecessary steps and automate steps in the process to save time, reduce errors and avoid duplicate work. This work demonstrates the effective use of statistical modeling to enhance MRBC system performance to obtain a sustainable and energy-efficient treatment process to prevent human health and the environment.
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Waqas S, Harun NY, Bilad MR, Samsuri T, Nordin NAHM, Shamsuddin N, Nandiyanto ABD, Huda N, Roslan J. Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Rotating Biological Contactor Combined with External Membrane Filtration for Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030271. [PMID: 35323746 PMCID: PMC8950539 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large amount of wastewater is directly discharged into water bodies without treatment, causing surface water contamination. A rotating biological contactor (RBC) is an attached biological wastewater treatment process that offers a low energy footprint. However, its unstable removal efficiency makes it less popular. This study optimized operating parameters in RBC combined with external membrane filtration (RBC-ME), in which the latter acted as a post-treatment step to stabilize the biological performance. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the biological and filtration performance by exploiting three parameters, namely disk rotation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and sludge retention time (SRT). Results show that the RBC-ME exhibited superior biological treatment capacity and higher effluent quality compared to stand-alone RBC. It attained 87.9 ± 3.2% of chemical oxygen demand, 45.2 ± 0.7% total nitrogen, 97.9 ± 0.1% turbidity, and 98.9 ± 1.1% ammonia removals. The RSM showed a good agreement between the model and the experimental data. The maximum permeability of 144.6 L/m2 h bar could be achieved under the optimum parameters of 36.1 rpm disk rotation, 18 h HRT, and 14.9 d SRT. This work demonstrated the effective use of statistical modeling to enhance RBC-ME system performance to obtain a sustainable and energy-efficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (S.W.); (N.Y.H.); (N.A.H.M.N.)
| | - Noorfidza Yub Harun
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (S.W.); (N.Y.H.); (N.A.H.M.N.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Taufik Samsuri
- Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA), Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia;
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (S.W.); (N.Y.H.); (N.A.H.M.N.)
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
| | | | - Nurul Huda
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (N.H.)
| | - Jumardi Roslan
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
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Fate of sloughed biomass in integrated fixed-film systems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262603. [PMID: 35061828 PMCID: PMC8782294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fate of biofilm sloughing was assessed in a laboratory-scale (LS) integrated fixed-film sequencing batch reactor (IF-SBR) treating synthetic wastewater and in a full-scale (FS) integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system treating municipal wastewater. It was observed that the properties of biofilms and flocs, including sludge volume index (SVI), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), effluent suspended solids (ESS), relative hydrophobicity, and composition of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) were associated with biofilm sloughing and formation of large granular flocs in the LS IF-SBR. In the FS IFAS system, the changes were studied at the molecular level. For example, the extracted EPS content results (the protein to polysaccharide ratio decreased in the flocs and increased in the biofilms, with biofilm sloughing) were complemented with the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) coupled with molecular specific staining. CLSM analyses revealed that micro-colonies rich in polysaccharides readily sloughed from the carriers. Live-dead staining revealed areas of the biofilm where the viability of biomass was a contributing factor associated with areas of the biofilm susceptible to sloughing. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) of FS IFAS samples revealed greater diversity (α-diversity) in biofilms compared to flocs. Biofilm sloughing resulted in a decrease in diversity in biofilms and a corresponding increase in the flocs during sloughing. Microbial population dynamics revealed that bacteria known for denitrification (for example, Comamonadaceae) detached from the biofilms during sloughing, readily associated with the suspended biomass, and were retained in the bioreactors.
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Felix CB, Ubando AT, Chen WH, Goodarzi V, Ashokkumar V. COVID-19 and industrial waste mitigation via thermochemical technologies towards a circular economy: A state-of-the-art review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127215. [PMID: 34844348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing awareness of waste circular economy has motivated valorization strategies for minimizing resource consumption and waste production in the private sector. With the rise of various industrial wastes and with the emergence of COVID-19 wastes, a sustainable approach is needed to mitigate the growing concern about wastes. Thermochemical treatment technologies in the form of direct combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification have been identified to have vital roles in the value-creation of various waste streams. Moreover, the alignment of thermochemical processes for waste mitigation concerning the circular economy framework needs to be established. Accordingly, a comprehensive review of the different thermochemical treatment options for industrial and the novel COVID-19 medical wastes streams is conducted in this study. This review focuses on highlighting the instrumental role of thermochemical conversion platforms in achieving a circular economy in the industrial sector. Various strategies in waste mitigation through various thermochemical processes such as management, recovery, reduction, and treatment are discussed. The results show that thermochemical technologies are beneficial in addressing the sustainability concerns on mitigating wastes from the industrial sector and wastes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. This also includes the current issues faced as well as future perspectives of the thermochemical conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Felix
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Aristotle T Ubando
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Thermomechanical Analysis Laboratory, De La Salle University-Manila, Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Laguna Blvd, Biñan, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19945-546, Tehran, Iran
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Sriwiriyarat T, Jangkorn S, Charoenpanich J, Chinwetkitvanich S, Fongsatitkul P. Occurrence of aerobic denitrifying bacteria in integrated fixed film activated sludge system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131504. [PMID: 34265722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification can be enhanced in the Integrated Fixed Film Activated System (IFAS) system by integrating media into the anoxic or aerobic zone. The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the biofilm layers has been reported in the aerobic zone of the IFAS system. In this study, two IFAS systems with Bioweb® media installed in the anoxic or aerobic reactor were operated in parallel to evaluate both anoxic denitrification or aerobic SND in the biofilm layers enhanced by fixed film media at three different nitrite and nitrate recirculation (NR) ratios of 75%, 100%, and 125%. The results revealed that both IFAS systems achieved the same organic and nitrogen removal efficiencies without statistically significant difference. The NR ratio of 125% enhanced slightly the denitrification in the anoxic zones of both systems. The media increased the anoxic denitrification at the NR ratio of 100%. The SND in the biofilm was found insignificant in both systems. It was evident that suspended-growth microorganisms stored substrates internally in the cells under anoxic conditions due to insufficient retention time. The aerobic denitrifiers including Chryseobacterium sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were abundant in both IFAS systems providing aerobic denitrification with storage products as carbon sources. In summary, the denitrification in the anoxic zone and SND in the biofilm of the aerobic zone, both were enhanced by the fixed film media, did not contribute significantly to the IFAS system for the biological nitrogen removal because of microbial storage products and aerobic denitrification of several aerobic denitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongchai Sriwiriyarat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand.
| | - Siriprapha Jangkorn
- Division of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Science and Social Sciences, Burapha University, Sakaeo, 27160, Thailand
| | - Jittima Charoenpanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Sopa Chinwetkitvanich
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Prayoon Fongsatitkul
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Ahmad WA, Latif NA, Zaidel DNA, Ghazi RM, Terada A, Aguilar CN, Zakaria ZA. Microbial Biotransformation and Biomineralization of Organic-Rich Waste. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2021; 7:435-447. [DOI: 10.1007/s40726-021-00205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zainuddin NI, Bilad MR, Marbelia L, Budhijanto W, Arahman N, Fahrina A, Shamsuddin N, Zaki ZI, El-Bahy ZM, Nandiyanto ABD, Gunawan P. Sequencing Batch Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge Membrane Process for Treatment of Tapioca Processing Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110875. [PMID: 34832104 PMCID: PMC8617780 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tapioca processing industries are very popular in the rural community to produce a variety of foods as the end products. Due to their small scales and scattered locations, they require robust modular systems to operate at low capacity with minimum supervision. This study explores the application of a novel sequencing batch-integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane (SB-IFASM) process to treat tapioca processing wastewater for reuse purposes. The SB-IFASM employed a gravity-driven system and utilizes biofilm to enhance biodegradation without requiring membrane cleaning. The SB-IFASM utilizes the biofilm as a secondary biodegradation stage to enhance the permeate quality applicable for reuse. A lab-scale SB-IFASM was developed, preliminarily assessed, and used to treat synthetic tapioca processing industry wastewater. The results of short-term filtration tests showed the significant impact of hydrostatic pressure on membrane compaction and instant cake layer formation. Increasing the pressure from 2.2 to 10 kPa lowered the permeability of clean water and activated sludge from 720 to 425 and from 110 to 50 L/m2·h bar, respectively. The unsteady-state operation of the SB-IFASM showed the prominent role of the bio-cake in removing the organics reaching the permeate quality suitable for reuse. High COD removals of 63-98% demonstrated the prominence contribution of the biofilm in enhancing biological performance and ultimate COD removals of >93% make it very attractive for application in small-scale tapioca processing industries. However, the biological ecosystem was unstable, as shown by foaming that deteriorated permeability and was detrimental to the organic removal. Further developments are still required, particularly to address the biological stability and low permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Zainuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Lisendra Marbelia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (L.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Wiratni Budhijanto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (L.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Nasrul Arahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Magister Program of Environmental Management, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Afrilia Fahrina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Zaki Ismail Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeinhom M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | | | - Poernomo Gunawan
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
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Xu X, Liu GH, Li Q, Wang H, Sun X, Shao Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Luo F, Wei Q, Sun W, Li Y, Qi L. Optimization nutrient removal at different volume ratio of anoxic-to-aerobic zone in integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148824. [PMID: 34246150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of different volume ratios of the anoxic-to-aerobic zone (Vano/Vaer) on the enhancement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system. As the Vano/Vaer increased from 1:2 to 2:1, the removal of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of the IFAS system was improved. At Vano/Vaer = 1:1, the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients was optimal, and the average removal rates of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP of the system reached 90 ± 3.2%, 98.2 ± 1.4%, 88.9 ± 2.2%, and 89.1 ± 2.7%, respectively. As the volume of the anoxic zone continued to increase, the denitrifying phosphate-accumulating capacity of the system was enhanced, and the highest ratio of specific anoxic and aerobic phosphorus uptake rate could reach 65.3%. Analysis of the molecular evaluation showed that, the proportion of nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm gradually increased as Vano increased. Moreover, denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (Anammox) bacteria were all enriched all showed enrichment in the biofilm of fiber carriers, which further strengthened the system's synergistic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Xu
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fangzhou Luo
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wenzhuo Sun
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yinghao Li
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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46
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Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Yang J, Guo J, Li J. Talaromyces cellulolyticus as a promising candidate for biofilm construction and treatment of textile wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125718. [PMID: 34388660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Screening of microorganisms with broad-spectrum adaptability to extreme acid-base conditions and highperformance is essential for the construction of high-efficient biochemical wastewater treatment system. Herein, an acid-tolerant fungus isolated from acid medium was successfully identified through micromorphological observation and molecular characterization. The isolated fungus matched well with the filamentous fungus and was eventually identified as Talaromyces cellulolyticus. Considering the wide-range adaptability to pH condition (2.0-9.0), high cellulase activity (11.25 U mL-1), ideal biofilm-forming property (17.87 mg cm-3) on the surface of ceramsites, high tolerance to metal ions, and potential adsorption performance for aniline dyes, T. cellulolyticus issuitable for the construction of biofilm treatment system and treatment of textile wastewater based on the investigation of the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and chromaticity of the synthetic textile wastewater. A promising candidate filamentous fungus for the treatment of textile wastewater was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China
| | - Junping Guo
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China
| | - Jingping Li
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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47
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Enhancing the treatment of petrochemical wastewater using redox mediator suspended biofilm carriers. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Ronan E, Aqeel H, Wolfaardt GM, Liss SN. Recent advancements in the biological treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:158. [PMID: 34420110 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The estimated global population growth of 81 million people per year, combined with increased rates of urbanization and associated industrial processes, result in volumes of high strength ammonia wastewater that cannot be treated in a cost-effective or sustainable manner using the floc-based conventional activated sludge approach of nitrification and denitrification. Biofilm and aerobic granular sludge technologies have shown promise to significantly improve the performance of biological nitrogen removal systems treating high strength wastewater. This is partly due to enhanced biomass retention and their ability to sustain diverse microbial populations with juxtaposing growth requirements. Recent research has also demonstrated the value of hybrid systems with heterogeneous bioaggregates to mitigate biofilm and granule instability during long-term operation. In the context of high strength ammonia wastewater treatment, conventional nitrification-denitrification is hampered by high energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Anammox-based processes such as partial nitritation-anammox and partial denitrification-anammox represent more cost-effective and sustainable methods of removing reactive nitrogen from wastewater. There is also growing interest in the use of photosynthetic bacteria for ammonia recovery from high strength waste streams, such that nitrogen can be captured and concentrated in its reactive form and recycled into high value products. The purpose of this review is to explore recent advancements and emerging approaches related to high strength ammonia wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Ronan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Hussain Aqeel
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.,School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gideon M Wolfaardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Steven N Liss
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada. .,School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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49
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Membrane Filtration as Post-Treatment of Rotating Biological Contactor for Wastewater Treatment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A rotating biological contactor (RBC) offers a low energy footprint but suffers from performance instability, making it less popular for domestic wastewater treatment. This paper presents a study on an RBC integrated with membrane technology in which membrane filtration was used as a post-treatment step (RBC–ME) to achieve enhanced biological performance. The RBC and RBC–ME systems were operated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 12, 18, 24, and 48 h, and the effects of HRT on biological performance and effluent filterability were assessed. The results show that RBC–ME demonstrates superior biological performance than the standalone RBC. The RBC–ME bioreactor achieved 87.9 ± 3.2% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 98.9 ± 1.1% ammonium, 45.2 ± 0.7% total nitrogen (TN), and 97.9 ± 0.1% turbidity removals. A comparison of the HRTs showed that COD and TN removal efficiency was the highest at 48 h, with 92.4 ± 2.4% and 48.6 ± 1.3% removal efficiencies, respectively. The longer HRTs also lead to better RBC effluent filterability. The steady-state permeability increased respectively by 2.4%, 9.5%, and 19.1% at HRTs of 18, 24, and 48 h, compared to 12 h. Our analysis of membrane fouling shows that fouling resistance decreased at higher HRTs. Overall, RBC–ME offered a promising alternative for traditional suspended growth processes with higher microbial activity and enhanced biological performance, which is in line with the requirements of sustainable development and environment-friendly treatment.
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50
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Simon-Várhelyi M, Tomoiagă C, Brehar MA, Cristea VM. Dairy wastewater processing and automatic control for waste recovery at the municipal wastewater treatment plant based on modelling investigations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112316. [PMID: 33721759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the calibrated model for an Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (A2O) municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), this research investigated and proposed feasible solutions, control system configurations and optimal operating conditions for the dairy wastewater processing. The steady state study on adding different daily amounts of dairy wastewater in the WWTP water line revealed the most efficient amount to be treated by finding a minimum of the total nitrogen concentration in the water effluent. The dynamic investigations on adding different daily amounts of diary wastewater demonstrated the incentives of the proposed cascade control system configurations, based on the ammonia or nitrates concentration control in the aerated reactors, associated to nitrates and nitrites concentration control in the anoxic reactor. The best periods of time and duration for scheduling the dairy wastewater processing were searched and found. Preliminary results showed the incentives of the additional dairy wastewater distribution during 2 h, at the highest influent concentration moments. Further investigations, relying on the genetic algorithm optimization method revealed that better daily scheduling of the dairy wastewater addition may be obtained. Compared to normal operation, the optimal scheduling program of the dairy wastewater treatment showed an overall performance index improvement of 13.36%, when the daily 1:52 p.m. moment of time and the duration of about 1 h program, found by optimization, were applied. Results demonstrate the dual incentives of the carbon and nutrients recovery, associated to the energy and effluent quality benefits on WWTP operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Simon-Várhelyi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János Street, No. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Claudiu Tomoiagă
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János Street, No. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Marius Adrian Brehar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János Street, No. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Vasile Mircea Cristea
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János Street, No. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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