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Zhao K, Zhao X, He L, Wang N, Bai M, Zhang X, Chen G, Chen A, Luo L, Zhang J. Comprehensive assessment of straw returning with organic fertilizer on paddy ecosystems: A study based on greenhouse gas emissions, C/N sequestration, and risk health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2025; 266:120519. [PMID: 39647690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
High greenhouse gas emissions and soil deterioration are caused by the overuse of chemical fertilizers. To improve soil quality and crop productivity, it is necessary to utilize fewer chemical fertilizers to achieve sustainable agriculture. Organic substitution is a scientific fertilization strategy that will benefit future agricultural productivity development, little is known about how it affects the heavy metal content and trace gas emissions in rice grains. A field experiment using straw return to the field (SRF), organic fertilizer application (OFA), and their combination (SRF/OFA) fertilization strategies. The results demonstrated that SRF, OFA, and SRF/OFA increased the yield by 19.40%, 22.39%, and 28.36% than the natural growth control group (NG). The OFA has the highest STN stock and SRF/OFA has the highest STN sequestration rate, while SRF achieved the highest SOC stock and sequestration rate. The OFA reduced CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions by 17.73%, 71.87%, and 86.06%, resulting in a minimum global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity yield among these strategies. Cumulative seasonal CO2 and CH4 emissions were negatively correlated with soil paddy soil C/N and C/P (P < 0.05). Moreover, Cu, Cd, and Pb contents in grain were reduced by 66.18%-70.31%, 35.45%-40.91%, and 76.62%-77.92%, respectively. The health risk evaluation revealed that all metals had a target hazard quotient of <1, except for NG. The hazard index (0.42-0.53), which measures the additive effects of contaminants, exceeded the threshold. The implementation of the organic alternative strategy can reduce the trend of increasing surface pollution, slow down the excessive utilization intensity of agricultural resources, and encourage the development of a greener, more sustainable agricultural way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqi Zhao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xichen Zhao
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Liuqin He
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Nanyi Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ma Bai
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Hunan Yirun Biotechnology Co., LTD, Changsha, 410133, Hunan, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Yueyang Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yueyang, 414022, Hunan, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Hunan Agricultural University Area, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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Zhao C, Qiu R, Zhang T, Luo Y, Agathokleous E. Effects of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Rice Fields: A Meta-Analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17581. [PMID: 39625221 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Reducing water input and promoting water productivity in rice field under alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD), instead of continuous flooding (CF), are vital due to increasing irrigation water scarcity. However, it is also important to understand how methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and global warming potential (GWP CH 4 + N 2 O $$ {\mathrm{GWP}}_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4+{\mathrm{N}}_2\mathrm{O}} $$ of CH4 and N2O) respond to AWD under the influence of various factors. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of AWD on CH4 and N2O emissions andGWP CH 4 + N 2 O $$ {\mathrm{GWP}}_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4+{\mathrm{N}}_2\mathrm{O}} $$ , and its modification by climate conditions, soil properties, and management practices. Overall, compared to CF, AWD significantly reduced CH4 emissions by 51.6% andGWP CH 4 + N 2 O $$ {\mathrm{GWP}}_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4+{\mathrm{N}}_2\mathrm{O}} $$ by 46.9%, while increased N2O emissions by 44.0%. The effect of AWD on CH4 emissions was significantly modified by soil drying level, the number of drying events, mean annual precipitation (MAP), soil organic carbon content (SOC), growth cycle, and nitrogen fertilizer (N) application. Regarding N2O emissions, mean annual temperature (MAT), elevation, soil texture, and soil pH had significant impacts on the AWD effect. Consequently, theGWP CH 4 + N 2 O $$ {\mathrm{GWP}}_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4+{\mathrm{N}}_2\mathrm{O}} $$ under AWD was altered by soil drying level, soil pH, and growth cycle. Additionally, we found that MAP or MAT can be used to accurately assess the changes of global or national CH4 and N2O emissions under mild AWD. Moreover, increasing SOC, but not N application, is a potential strategy to further reduce CH4 emissions under (mild) AWD, since no difference was found between application of 60-120 and > 120 kg N ha-1. Furthermore, the soil pH can serve as an indicator to assess the reduction ofGWP CH 4 + N 2 O $$ {\mathrm{GWP}}_{{\mathrm{CH}}_4+{\mathrm{N}}_2\mathrm{O}} $$ under (mild) AWD as indicated by a significant linear correlation between them. These findings can provide valuable data support for accurate evaluation of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions reduction in rice fields under large-scale promotion of AWD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rangjian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Cao X, Liu J, Zhang L, Mao W, Li M, Wang H, Sun W. Response of soil microbial ecological functions and biological characteristics to organic fertilizer combined with biochar in dry direct-seeded paddy fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174844. [PMID: 39029750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Biochar and organic fertilizer are commonly used to maintain soil health and sustainable agroecosystems, and the alternate wet-dry management of soil moisture in dry direct-seeded paddy fields can complicate the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil microhabitats. Therefore, this study used chicken manure organic fertilizer to replace some of the inorganic fertilizer and applied biochar to explore the ability of biochar and organic fertilizer to regulate the functions of the soil microhabitat in dry direct-seeded paddy fields. The coupling effect of organic fertilizer and biochar increased the diversity and richness of soil bacteria but had no significant effect on soil fungi. Biochar and organic fertilizer affected the distribution and composition of soil bacteria and fungi, and the total number of soil bacteria and fungi increased by 1365 and -71 (5 t/hm2 biochar and no organic fertilizer), 660 and 79 (10 t/hm2 biochar and no organic fertilizer), 3121 and 7 (no biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), 1873 and -72 (5 t/hm2 biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), and -544 and -65 (10 t/hm2 biochar and 20 % organic fertilizer substitution), respectively, compared with that of the control treatment. Compared with the application of biochar alone, the coupling effect of biochar and organic fertilizer increased the average degree (0.95 and 0.16), links (190 and 32), and ratio of fungal positive links (1.651 %), and decreased the modularity (0.034 and 0.052) and ratio of bacterial positive links (6.482 %) of bacterial and fungal networks. In addition, the coupling effect resulted in a more complex association between soil microbial diversity and richness and microbial ecological functions. Random forest predictions indicated that, organic fertilizer as a random factor, changes in the abundance of bacterial Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae and fungal Monoblepharomycota were the main factors driving the differences in soil microbial ecological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Cao
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jilong Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- College of Arts and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Weijia Mao
- Heilongjiang Province Corporation, China National Tobacco Corporation, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Mo Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weili Sun
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Niu J, Saeed Q, Wang W, Zhang R, Liu L, Lv F, Xu J, Han Y, Zhang P, Hu C, Xu H, Sun B, Yang X, Zhang S. Manure replacing synthetic fertilizer improves crop yield sustainability and reduces carbon footprint under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120936. [PMID: 38652989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Manure replacing synthetic fertilizer is a viable practice to ensure crop yield and increase soil organic carbon (SOC), but its impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is inconsistent, thus remains its effect on CF unclear. In this study, a 7-year field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of replacing synthetic fertilizer with manure on crop productivity, SOC sequestration, GHG emissions and crop CF under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. Five treatments were involved: synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer (NPK) and 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of manure replacing synthetic N (25%M, 50%M, 75%M, and 100%M). Compared with NPK treatment, 25%M and 50%M treatments maintained annual yield (winter wheat plus summer maize) and sustainable yield index (SYI), but 75%M and 100%M treatments significantly decreased annual yield, and 100%M treatment also significantly reduced annual SYI. The SOC content exhibited a significant increasing trend over years in all treatments. After 7 years, SOC storage in manure treatments increased by 3.06-11.82 Mg ha-1 relative to NPK treatment. Manure treatments reduced annual GHG emissions by 14%-60% over NPK treatment. The CF of the cropping system ranged from 0.16 to 0.39 kg CO2 eq kg-1 of grain without considering SOC sequestration, in which the CF of manure treatments lowered by 18%-58% relative to NPK treatment. When SOC sequestration was involved in, the CF varied from -0.39 to 0.37 kg CO2 eq kg-1 of grain, manure treatments significantly reduced the CF by 22%-208% over NPK treatment. It was concluded that replacing 50% of synthetic fertilizer with manure was a sound option for achieving high crop yield and SYI but low CF under the tested cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qudsia Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runze Zhang
- College of Environment and Life Science, Weinan Normal University, Weinan, 714099, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Life Science, Changzhi University, Changzhi, 046011, Shanxi, China
| | - Fenglian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changlu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Benhua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shulan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Yao Z, Guo H, Wang Y, Zhan Y, Zhang T, Wang R, Zheng X, Butterbach-Bahl K. A global meta-analysis of yield-scaled N 2 O emissions and its mitigation efforts for maize, wheat, and rice. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17177. [PMID: 38348630 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining or even increasing crop yields while reducing nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions is necessary to reconcile food security and climate change, while the metric of yield-scaled N2 O emission (i.e., N2 O emissions per unit of crop yield) is at present poorly understood. Here we conducted a global meta-analysis with more than 6000 observations to explore the variation patterns and controlling factors of yield-scaled N2 O emissions for maize, wheat and rice and associated potential mitigation options. Our results showed that the average yield-scaled N2 O emissions across all available data followed the order wheat (322 g N Mg-1 , with the 95% confidence interval [CI]: 301-346) > maize (211 g N Mg-1 , CI: 198-225) > rice (153 g N Mg-1 , CI: 144-163). Yield-scaled N2 O emissions for individual crops were generally higher in tropical or subtropical zones than in temperate zones, and also showed a trend towards lower intensities from low to high latitudes. This global variation was better explained by climatic and edaphic factors than by N fertilizer management, while their combined effect predicted more than 70% of the variance. Furthermore, our analysis showed a significant decrease in yield-scaled N2 O emissions with increasing N use efficiency or in N2 O emissions for production systems with cereal yields >10 Mg ha-1 (maize), 6.6 Mg ha-1 (wheat) or 6.8 Mg ha-1 (rice), respectively. This highlights that N use efficiency indicators can be used as valuable proxies for reconciling trade-offs between crop production and N2 O mitigation. For all three major staple crops, reducing N fertilization by up to 30%, optimizing the timing and placement of fertilizer application or using enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers significantly reduced yield-scaled N2 O emissions at similar or even higher cereal yields. Our data-driven assessment provides some key guidance for developing effective and targeted mitigation and adaptation strategies for the sustainable intensification of cereal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Pioneer Center Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Bonilla-Cordova M, Cruz-Villacorta L, Echegaray-Cabrera I, Ramos-Fernández L, Flores del Pino L. Design of a Portable Analyzer to Determine the Net Exchange of CO 2 in Rice Field Ecosystems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:402. [PMID: 38257497 PMCID: PMC10821284 DOI: 10.3390/s24020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Global warming is influenced by an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere. Consequently, Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) is the main factor that influences the exchange of carbon (C) between the atmosphere and the soil. As a result, agricultural ecosystems are a potential carbon dioxide (CO2) sink, particularly rice paddies (Oryza sativa). Therefore, a static chamber with a portable CO2 analyzer was designed and implemented for three rice plots to monitor CO2 emissions. Furthermore, a weather station was installed to record meteorological variables. The vegetative, reproductive, and maturation phases of the crop lasted 95, 35, and 42 days post-sowing (DPS), respectively. In total, the crop lasted 172 DPS. Diurnal NEE had the highest CO2 absorption capacity at 10:00 a.m. for the tillering stage (82 and 89 DPS), floral primordium (102 DPS), panicle initiation (111 DPS), and flowering (126 DPS). On the other hand, the maximum CO2 emission at 82, 111, and 126 DPS occurred at 6:00 p.m. At 89 and 102 DPS, it occurred at 4:00 and 6:00 a.m., respectively. NEE in the vegetative stage was -25 μmolCO2 m2 s-1, and in the reproductive stage, it was -35 μmolCO2 m2 s-1, indicating the highest absorption capacity of the plots. The seasonal dynamics of NEE were mainly controlled by the air temperature inside the chamber (Tc) (R = -0.69), the relative humidity inside the chamber (RHc) (R = -0.66), and net radiation (Rn) (R = -0.75). These results are similar to previous studies obtained via chromatographic analysis and eddy covariance (EC), which suggests that the portable analyzer could be an alternative for CO2 monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Bonilla-Cordova
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru; (M.B.-C.); (I.E.-C.)
| | - Lena Cruz-Villacorta
- Department of Territorial Planning and Doctoral Program of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | - Ida Echegaray-Cabrera
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru; (M.B.-C.); (I.E.-C.)
| | - Lia Ramos-Fernández
- Department of Water Resources, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Lisveth Flores del Pino
- Research Center for Environmental Chemistry, Toxicology and Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru;
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Liao B, Liao P, Hu R, Cai T, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Zhang B, Shu Y, Wang J, Luo Y, Cui Y. Mitigating ammonia volatilization in rice cultivation: The impact of partial organic fertilizer substitution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140326. [PMID: 37777091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing water and nitrogen management to minimize NH3 volatilization from paddy fields has been extensively studied. However, there is limited research on the combined effect of different rates of organic fertilizer substitution (OFS) and irrigation methods in rice cultivation, exploring an effective water and nitrogen combination is beneficial to mitigate NH3 volatilization. To address this gap, we conducted a two-year field experiment to investigate NH3 volatilization under different OFS rates (0%, 25%, and 50%) combined with continuous flooding irrigation (CF) and alternate wet and dry irrigation (AWD). Our findings revealed that NH3 fluxes exhibited similar emission patterns after each fertilization event and significantly decreased with increasing rates of OFS during the basal stage. Compared to no substitution (ON0), the low (ON25) and high (ON50) rates of OFS reduced cumulative NH3 emissions by 18.9% and 16.6%, and lowed NH3 emission factors (EFs) by 26.7% and 23.3%, respectively. Although OFS resulted in a slight reduction in rice yield, yield-scaled NH3 emissions were significantly reduced by 11.9% and 6.5% under the low and high substitution rates, respectively. This reduction was mainly attributed to the slight yield reduction observed at the low substitution rate. Furthermore, when combined with ON0, AWD irrigation had the potential to increase NH3 volatilization. However, this increase was not observed when combined with ON25 and ON50. During each fertilization stage, floodwater + concentration emerged as the prominent environmental factor influencing NH3 volatilization, showing a stronger and more positive correlation compared to other factors such as floodwater pH, soil pH, and NH4+ concentration. Based on our findings, we recommend implementing effective water and nitrogen management strategies to minimize NH3 volatilization in rice cultivation. This involves applying a lower rate of organic fertilizer substitution during the basal stage, maintaining high water levels during fertilization, and implementing mild AWD irrigation during non-fertilization periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Liao
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianchi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Bochao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yonghong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaer Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanlai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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