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Pradhoshini KP, Priyadharshini M, Santhanabharathi B, Ahmed MS, Parveen MHS, War MUD, Musthafa MS, Alam L, Falco F, Faggio C. Biological effects of ionizing radiation on aquatic biota - A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104091. [PMID: 36870406 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation from radionuclides impacts marine aquatic biota and the scope of investigation must be wider than just invertebrates. We intend to detail and illustrate numerous biological effects that occur in both aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, at various dose rates from all three kinds of ionizing radiation. The characteristics of radiation sources and dosages that would most effectively generate the intended effects in the irradiated organism were assessed once the biological differentiation between vertebrates and invertebrates was determined through multiple lines of evidence. We contend that invertebrates are still more radiosensitive than vertebrates, due to their small genome size, rapid reproduction rates and lifestyle, which help them to compensate for the effects of radiation induced declines in fecundity, life span and individual health. We also identified various research gaps in this field and suggest future directions to be investigated to remedy the lack of data available in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marckasagayam Priyadharshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bharathi Santhanabharathi
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Munawar Suhail Ahmed
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamat Hanifa Shafeeka Parveen
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mehraj Ud Din War
- Unit of Aquatic biology and Aquaculture (UABA), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 014, Tamilnadu, India; Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lubna Alam
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Franscesca Falco
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), Mazara del Vallo, Italy
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Zotina TA, Melgunov MS, Dementyev DV, Alexandrova YV. Comparative Study of Plutonium and Radiocaesium Content in the Muscle of Fish of the Yenisey River. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2022; 506:141-144. [PMID: 36301421 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the first data on the content of plutonium (239+240Pu) in the muscle tissues of the Northern pike (Esox lucius) and the Siberian dace (Leiciscus baicalensis) inhabiting the middle reaches of the Yenisey River in the vicinity of the radioactive discharge site. An increase in the content of 239+240Pu and radiocaesium (137Cs) in pike muscles followed an increase in the volume of controlled discharges of these radionuclides to the Yenisey in 2018. The content of 239+240Pu in the muscles of pike (2-11 mBq/kg dry weight) and dace (1-4 mBq/kg dry weight) of the Yenisey fall within the range of values obtained by other authors for the ichthyofauna from water bodies contaminated with radioactive discharges from nuclear power plants and spent nuclear fuel processing plants. The ratio of the activity concentrations 239+240Pu/137Cs in fish muscles, compared with the similar ratios in other hydrobionts, indicates a significantly lower bioavailability of plutonium for fish. The obtained preliminary results make it possible to consider the Northern pike as a more prospective indicator of biologically available plutonium in the Yenisey than the dace.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Zotina
- Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - M S Melgunov
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D V Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yu V Alexandrova
- Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Zotina TA, Anishchenko OV, Trofimova EA, Dementiev DV. Comparative Assessment of the Content of Transition Metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd) and Radiocesium (137Cs) in Pike (Esox lucius) and Burbot (Lota lota) of the Yenisei River. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425522010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cresswell T, Prentice E, Howell N, Callaghan P, Metian M, Johansen MP. Bioaccumulation kinetics and internal distribution of the fission products radiocaesium and radiostrontium in an estuarine crab. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124453. [PMID: 33168318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crab has been designated by the ICRP as one of twelve reference/model organisms for understanding the impacts of radionuclide releases on the biosphere. However, radionuclide-crab interaction data are sparse compared with other reference organisms (e.g. deer, earthworm). This study used an estuarine crab (Paragrapsus laevis) to investigate the contribution of water, diet and sediment sources to radionuclide (134Cs and 85Sr) bioaccumulation kinetics using live-animal radiotracing. The distribution of each radionuclide within the crab tissues was determined using dissection, whole-body autoradiography and synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM). When moulting occurred during exposure, it caused significant increases in 85Sr bioaccumulation and efflux of 134Cs under constant aqueous exposure. Dietary assimilation efficiencies were determined as 55 ± 1% for 134Cs and 49 ± 3% for 85Sr. 85Sr concentrated in gonads more than other organs, resulting in proportionally greater radiation dose to the reproductive organs and requires further investigation. 134Cs was found in most soft tissues and was closely associated with S and K. Biodynamic modelling suggested that diet accounted for 90-97% of whole-body 137Cs, while water accounted for 59-81% of 90Sr. Our new data on crab, as a representative invertebrate, improves understanding of the impacts of planned or accidental releases of fission radionuclides on marine ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cresswell
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - Emily Prentice
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 29, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia
| | - Nick Howell
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Paul Callaghan
- ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), Radioecology Laboratory, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, Principality of Monaco MC-98000, Monaco
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Bonnineau C, Artigas J, Chaumet B, Dabrin A, Faburé J, Ferrari BJD, Lebrun JD, Margoum C, Mazzella N, Miège C, Morin S, Uher E, Babut M, Pesce S. Role of Biofilms in Contaminant Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer in Aquatic Ecosystems: Current State of Knowledge and Future Challenges. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 253:115-153. [PMID: 32166435 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater environments, microbial assemblages attached to submerged substrates play an essential role in ecosystem processes such as primary production, supported by periphyton, or organic matter decomposition, supported by microbial communities attached to leaf litter or sediments. These microbial assemblages, also called biofilms, are not only involved in nutrients fluxes but also in contaminants dynamics. Biofilms can accumulate metals and organic contaminants transported by the water flow and/or adsorbed onto substrates. Furthermore, due to their high metabolic activity and their role in aquatic food webs, microbial biofilms are also likely to influence contaminant fate in aquatic ecosystems. In this review, we provide (1) a critical overview of the analytical methods currently in use for detecting and quantifying metals and organic micropollutants in microbial biofilms attached to benthic substrata (rocks, sediments, leaf litter); (2) a review of the distribution of those contaminants within aquatic biofilms and the role of these benthic microbial communities in contaminant fate; (3) a set of future challenges concerning the role of biofilms in contaminant accumulation and trophic transfers in the aquatic food web. This literature review highlighted that most knowledge on the interaction between biofilm and contaminants is focused on contaminants dynamics in periphyton while technical limitations are still preventing a thorough estimation of contaminants accumulation in biofilms attached to leaf litter or sediments. In addition, microbial biofilms represent an important food resource in freshwater ecosystems, yet their role in dietary contaminant exposure has been neglected for a long time, and the importance of biofilms in trophic transfer of contaminants is still understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Artigas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Versailles, France
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Yu S, Brant HA, Seaman JC, Looney BB, Blas SD, Bryan AL. Legacy Contaminants in Aquatic Biota in a Stream Associated with Nuclear Weapons Material Production on the Savannah River Site. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:131-146. [PMID: 32285161 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Former nuclear weapons material production at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) has resulted in contamination of certain terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems on site with legacy wastes such as radiocesium (137Cs), tritium (3H), and metals. We collected fish and invertebrates from five beaver ponds (sites) above, adjacent, and downgradient of three SRS facilities (H-, F-, and C-Areas) to evaluate whether the accumulation of metals and radionuclides in biota were associated with specific facility operations and if the measured levels could pose risks to aquatic organisms. We compared concentrations of various metals, 137Cs, and 3H in fish, as well as in water (3H only), among sites along the stream gradient. Fish collected from sites adjacent to H-Area had significantly higher 137Cs concentrations compared to fish from other sites. Both biota and water samples indicated significantly greater levels of 3H in sites adjacent to and downstream of C-Area. Concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and mercury (Hg) in some samples exceeded effects levels reported for fish and may pose a risk to fish populations. This study reported fish tissue concentrations of 137Cs and 3H, which have not been documented extensively in ecotoxicological studies. Our results suggested that industrial operations such as nuclear material production at SRS could have long-lasting impact on the aquatic ecosystem via the release of radionuclides and metals, and long-term monitoring of physiological effects and population level impact in biota exposed to these contaminants are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Yu
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Central Piedmont Community College, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - Heather A Brant
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - John C Seaman
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - Brian B Looney
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - Susan D Blas
- Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - A Lawrence Bryan
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
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Ishii Y, Matsuzaki SIS, Hayashi S. Different factors determine 137Cs concentration factors of freshwater fish and aquatic organisms in lake and river ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 213:106102. [PMID: 31761685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Determination of radionuclide concentration factor (CF) allows estimating the transfer of environmental radionuclides and potential risks of consuming fish contaminated with radionuclides. Although it is known that biotic and abiotic factors affect fish CF, only a few studies have examined whether these factors differ among ecosystems. We estimated radiocesium (137Cs) CF of 30 different fish species and other aquatic organisms by monitoring three lakes and five rivers in Fukushima, 2-4 y after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The relative effects of biotic and abiotic factors on 137Cs CF in freshwater organisms were compared between river and lake ecosystems using generalized linear models. Our analysis demonstrated the following. (1) The factors critically affecting fish CF differed between rivers and lakes. The negative effects of suspended solid concentration (SS), total organic carbon (TOC), and salinity were significant for rivers, but not for lakes. Biomagnification of 137Cs in piscivore fish was significant only in the lakes. (2) Fish size significantly affected the CF in both rivers and lakes. Nevertheless, the correlation between 137Cs concentration and piscivore fish size was stronger in lakes than in rivers. (3) The SS, TOC, and salinity simultaneously influenced the CF at every trophic level. However, feeding habit was a stronger determinant of 137Cs bioaccumulation than water chemistry in organisms at higher trophic levels, such as aquatic insects, amphibians, and fish. Our findings indicate that 137Cs accumulation in aquatic organisms is ecosystem-dependent due to different environmental factors and food web structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ishii
- Environmental Impact Assessment Section, Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro S Matsuzaki
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Environmental Impact Assessment Section, Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
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Palacios-Torres Y, de la Rosa JD, Olivero-Verbel J. Trace elements in sediments and fish from Atrato River: an ecosystem with legal rights impacted by gold mining at the Colombian Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113290. [PMID: 31813704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Atrato watershed is a rainforest that supports exceptional wildlife species and is considered one of the most biodiversity-rich areas on the planet, currently threatened by massive gold mining. Aimed to protect this natural resource, the Constitutional Court of Colombia declared the river subject to rights. The objective of this study was to quantify trace elements in sediments and fish from Atrato watershed, assessing their environmental and human health risk. Forty-two trace elements were quantified using ICP-MS. Thirty-one elements increased their concentration downstream the river. Concentration Factors (CF) suggest sediments were moderately polluted by Cr, Cu, Cd, and strongly polluted by As. Most stations had Cr (98%) and Ni (78%) concentrations greater than the Probable Effect Concentration (PEC) criteria. Together, toxic elements generate a Pollution Load Index (PLI) and a Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI) that categorized 54% of the sediments as polluted, and 90% as moderate polluted, respectively. Hemiancistrus wilsoni, a low trophic guild fish species, had the greater average levels for Ni, Cu, As and Cd, among other elements. Rubidium and Cs showed a positive correlation with fish trophic level, suggesting these two metals biomagnify in the food chain. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) for As was greater than 1 for several species, indicating a potential risk to human health. Collectively, data suggest gold mining carried out in this biodiversity hotspot releases toxic elements that have abrogated sediment quality in Atrato River, and their incorporation in the trophic chain constitutes a large threat on environmental and human health due to fish consumption. Urgent legal and civil actions should be implemented to halt massive mining-driven deforestation to enforce Atrato River rights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuber Palacios-Torres
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia; Environmental Toxicology and Natural Resources Group, School of Natural Sciences, Technological University of Choco "Diego Luis Cordoba", Quibdo, Choco, A.A. 292, Colombia
| | - Jesus D de la Rosa
- Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry-CIQSO, University of Huelva, Campus del Carmen, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
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Zotina TA, Trofimova EA, Dementyev DV. Time-dependent trends of artificial radionuclides in biota of the Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 208-209:106028. [PMID: 31421312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated time-dependent trends of artificial radionuclides in aquatic moss, zoobenthos (amphipods and caddisfly larvae), and three abundant wild fish species (Northern pike, Arctic grayling, and Siberian dace) inhabiting the Yenisei River in the vicinity of the radioactive discharge site in 2007-2015, in a period before and after the shutdown of the last nuclear reactor plant at the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC), which occurred in 2010. From our research, we learned that concentrations of short-lived radionuclides, whose discharges to the Yenisei either stopped or declined after the shutdown of the reactor plant at the MCC (24Na, 46Sc,51Cr, 54Mn, 58Co, 59Fe, 60Co, 65Zn, 103Ru, 141,144Ce, 152,154Eu, 239Np), decreased in biota samples as well. The ecological half-life (EHL) of 65Zn (0.4-0.7 y) was similar to the physical half-life of this isotope, the EHLs of 60Co (1.2-2.1 y) and 152Eu (1.8 y) were shorter than the physical half-lives of these isotopes. Concentration of 137Cs did not decrease significantly in biota of the Yenisei after the shutdown of the last reactor plant because the discharges of this radionuclide to the Yenisei continued at the same level. On a longer-term scale (since 1973 and since 1991), concentration of 137Cs in fish muscle had significantly decreased, following the decrease in annual discharges of this radionuclide to the Yenisei, and the EHL of 137Cs was estimated as 6.5-12.8 y. Statistically significant correlation with annual discharges of 137Cs was revealed for the concentration of this radionuclide in grayling (whole bodies and muscle); dace (muscle), and amphipods. Despite their ability to accumulate high concentrations of 137Cs, aquatic moss and caddisfly larvae (analyzed together with their stony casings) were not sensitive to interannual fluctuations in the releases of this radionuclide to the Yenisei. Among the analyzed fish species of the Yenisei, the highest activity concentration of 137Cs was revealed in pike (body and muscle), indicating biomagnification of this radionuclide in the top level of the trophic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Zotina
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia; Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny av., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia.
| | - Elena A Trofimova
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
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Fulghum CM, DiBona ER, Leaphart JC, Korotasz AM, Beasley JC, Bryan AL. Radiocesium ( 137Cs) accumulation by fish within a legacy reactor cooling canal system on the Savannah River Site. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:216-221. [PMID: 30807958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic cooling canal system associated with a nuclear reactor built in the early 1950s received accidental releases of radiocesium (137Cs) from the reactor between 1954 and 1964, resulting in the dispersion of ~8.2 × 1012 Bq of 137Cs into the associated canals and ponds. The primary purpose of this study was to document concentrations of 137Cs in littoral zone fish currently occupying components of the cooling canal system, 3 canals and 2 impoundments, to determine how concentrations varied among these various components. Secondarily, we examined for potential influence of weirs within the canal system on concentrations in fish as well as the potential relationship between fish species and body size and on 137Cs concentrations in fish. We collected samples of sediment, biofilm, and fish from each component of the R-Reactor cooling system and compared 137Cs among sites and species in individual sites. Concentrations of 137Cs in sediments, biofilms and mosquitofish varied significantly among sampling areas with higher concentrations in RCAN1, a canal segment that was the closest to the reactor and received reactor effluent for a longer period than other components. Comparisons among other components of the cooling system, and species comparisons relative to presumed trophic positions and fish length were not consistent. However, littoral zone fish in the cooling canal system continue to bioaccumulate 137Cs >50 years after the original releases of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Fulghum
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; University of South Carolina - Aiken, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Elizabeth R DiBona
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, USA
| | - James C Leaphart
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; University of Georgia, Warnell School of Natural Resources, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alexis M Korotasz
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA; University of Georgia, Warnell School of Natural Resources, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - A Lawrence Bryan
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29802, USA.
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Jeong H, Miller VJ, Hinton TG, Johnson TE, Pinder JE. Model-based analyses of the cesium dynamics in the small mesotrophic reservoir Pond 4. II. Development of a rate-based kinetic model. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 189:266-281. [PMID: 29706244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojoon Jeong
- Nuclear Environmental Safety Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, South Korea
| | - Vivien J Miller
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - Thomas G Hinton
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - John E Pinder
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 305 W., Magnolia, PMB 231, Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
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Jeong H, Miller V, Hinton TG, Johnson TE, Pinder JE. Model-based analyses of the cesium dynamics in the small mesotrophic reservoir, Pond 4. I. Estimating the inventories of and the fluxes among the pond's major biotic components. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 189:282-296. [PMID: 29653692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A model of cesium (Cs) dynamics among the principal biotic and abiotic components of an 11.4-ha impoundment is described. The model is derived from analyses of field measurements of Cs-133 concentrations in pond components for 500 days following the addition of 4 kg of stable Cs-133 to the system. This study differs from similar experiments in which radionuclides, or their stable analogs have been added to small ponds in that the biomasses of key pond components were also obtained. The Cs-133 concentrations and biomasses were used to compute the dynamics of Cs-133 inventories and fluxes among the pond components. The model permits interesting comparisons of Cs-133 transport and fate over time among the pond's abiotic components, primary producers, and two-orders of consumers. The importance of the submerged macrophyte and periphyton community in controlling the transport and fate of the added Cs-133 is quantified. Macrophytes intercepted much of the Cs-133 and slowed its ultimate sequestration by the sediments. The macrophytes' rapid absorption and slow release of Cs-133 prolonged the availability of the element to other pond biota. These data are being used within a subsequent paper to further develop the model into one in which the Cs-133 kinetics are described by transfer coefficients so that effects of changing environmental variables and remediation options can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojoon Jeong
- Nuclear Environmental Safety Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, South Korea
| | - Vivien Miller
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
| | - Thomas G Hinton
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - John E Pinder
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Kartel M, Galysh V. New Composite Sorbents for Caesium and Strontium Ions Sorption. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2017. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2017.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Shishkina EA, Pryakhin EA, Popova IY, Osipov DI, Tikhova Y, Andreyev SS, Shaposhnikova IA, Egoreichenkov EA, Styazhkina EV, Deryabina LV, Tryapitsina GA, Melnikov V, Rudolfsen G, Teien HC, Sneve MK, Akleyev AV. Evaluation of distribution coefficients and concentration ratios of (90)Sr and (137)Cs in the Techa River and the Miass River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 158-159:148-163. [PMID: 27105147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Empirical data on the behavior of radionuclides in aquatic ecosystems are needed for radioecological modeling, which is commonly used for predicting transfer of radionuclides, estimating doses, and assessing possible adverse effects on species and communities. Preliminary studies of radioecological parameters including distribution coefficients and concentration ratios, for (90)Sr and (137)Cs were not in full agreement with the default values used in the ERICA Tool and the RESRAD BIOTA codes. The unique radiation situation in the Techa River, which was contaminated by long-lived radionuclides ((90)Sr and (137)Cs) in the middle of the last century allows improved knowledge about these parameters for river systems. Therefore, the study was focused on the evaluation of radioecological parameters (distribution coefficients and concentration ratios for (90)Sr and (137)Cs) for the Techa River and the Miass River, which is assumed as a comparison waterbody. To achieve the aim the current contamination of biotic and abiotic components of the river ecosystems was studied; distribution coefficients for (90)Sr and (137)Cs were calculated; concentration ratios of (90)Sr and (137)Cs for three fish species (roach, perch and pike), gastropods and filamentous algae were evaluated. Study results were then compared with default values available for use in the well-known computer codes ERICA Tool and RESRAD BIOTA (when site-specific data are not available). We show that the concentration ratios of (137)Cs in whole fish bodies depend on the predominant type of nutrition (carnivores and phytophagous). The results presented here are useful in the context of improving of tools for assessing concentrations of radionuclides in biota, which could rely on a wider range of ecosystem information compared with the process limited the current versions of ERICA and RESRAD codes. Further, the concentration ratios of (90)Sr are species-specific and strongly dependent on Ca(2+) concentration in water. The universal characteristic allows us to combine the data of fish caught in the water with different mineralization by multiplying the concentration of Ca(2+). The concentration ratios for fishes were well-fitted by Generalized Logistic Distribution function (GLD). In conclusion, the GLD can be used for probabilistic modeling of the concentration ratios in freshwater fishes to improve the confidence in the modeling results. This is important in the context of risk assessment and regulatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Shishkina
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - E A Pryakhin
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - I Ya Popova
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - D I Osipov
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Yu Tikhova
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - S S Andreyev
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - I A Shaposhnikova
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - E A Egoreichenkov
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia; Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - E V Styazhkina
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - L V Deryabina
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - G A Tryapitsina
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia; Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - V Melnikov
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - G Rudolfsen
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oslo, Norway; University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H-C Teien
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB), Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Ås, Norway
| | - M K Sneve
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oslo, Norway
| | - A V Akleyev
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454076 Chelyabinsk, Russia; Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Pinder JE, Rowan DJ, Smith JT. Development and evaluation of a regression-based model to predict cesium-137 concentration ratios for saltwater fish. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 152:101-111. [PMID: 26675543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Data from published studies and World Wide Web sources were combined to develop a regression model to predict (137)Cs concentration ratios for saltwater fish. Predictions were developed from 1) numeric trophic levels computed primarily from random resampling of known food items and 2) K concentrations in the saltwater for 65 samplings from 41 different species from both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. A number of different models were initially developed and evaluated for accuracy which was assessed as the ratios of independently measured concentration ratios to those predicted by the model. In contrast to freshwater systems, were K concentrations are highly variable and are an important factor in affecting fish concentration ratios, the less variable K concentrations in saltwater were relatively unimportant in affecting concentration ratios. As a result, the simplest model, which used only trophic level as a predictor, had comparable accuracies to more complex models that also included K concentrations. A test of model accuracy involving comparisons of 56 published concentration ratios from 51 species of marine fish to those predicted by the model indicated that 52 of the predicted concentration ratios were within a factor of 2 of the observed concentration ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Pinder
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 305 W. Magnolia, PMB 231, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.
| | - David J Rowan
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada.
| | - Jim T Smith
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth P01 3 QL, United Kingdom.
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Martinez NE, Johnson TE, Pinder JE. Application of computational models to estimate organ radiation dose in rainbow trout from uptake of molybdenum-99 with comparison to iodine-131. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 151 Pt 2:468-479. [PMID: 26048012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study compares three anatomical phantoms for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for the purpose of estimating organ radiation dose and dose rates from molybdenum-99 ((99)Mo) uptake in the liver and GI tract. Model comparison and refinement is important to the process of determining accurate doses and dose rates to the whole body and the various organs. Accurate and consistent dosimetry is crucial to the determination of appropriate dose-effect relationships for use in environmental risk assessment. The computational phantoms considered are (1) a geometrically defined model employing anatomically relevant organ size and location, (2) voxel reconstruction of internal anatomy obtained from CT imaging, and (3) a new model utilizing NURBS surfaces to refine the model in (2). Dose Conversion Factors (DCFs) for whole body as well as selected organs of O. mykiss were computed using Monte Carlo modeling and combined with empirical models for predicting activity concentration to estimate dose rates and ultimately determine cumulative radiation dose (μGy) to selected organs after several half-lives of (99)Mo. The computational models provided similar results, especially for organs that were both the source and target of radiation (less than 30% difference between all models). Values in the empirical model as well as the 14 day cumulative organ doses determined from (99)Mo uptake are compared to similar models developed previously for (131)I. Finally, consideration is given to treating the GI tract as a solid organ compared to partitioning it into gut contents and GI wall, which resulted in an order of magnitude difference in estimated dose for most organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Martinez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
| | - T E Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - J E Pinder
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Sakaguchi A, Tanaka K, Iwatani H, Chiga H, Fan Q, Onda Y, Takahashi Y. Size distribution studies of 137Cs in river water in the Abukuma Riverine system following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 139:379-389. [PMID: 24929977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of (137)Cs in size fractionated samples in river water from the Abukuma River system, (the Kuchibuto and Abukuma Rivers, five sampling events for three sites) was studied from June 2011--approximately some three months after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident until December 2012. The total concentration of (137)Cs (mBq/L) in river water was generally high at the upper stream site in the Yamakiya District within the evacuation/off-limits zone. The (137)Cs concentration was about 1Bq/L for the first sampling campaign (June 2011) at all sites, but then decreased substantially to about one-tenth of that by the time of a second sampling campaign (November or December 2011). The (137)Cs in the <0.45 μm fraction was present exclusively as a dissolved species rather than as a species adsorbed on suspended solids or complexed with organic materials. The contribution of the dissolved fraction ranged from 1.2 to 48.9% (averaged 20%) of the total concentration of (137)Cs throughout the observation period. The maximum contribution of (137)Cs was found in the silt size fraction (3-63 μm), which can be explained by the relatively large Kd values and the suspended solids (SS) concentration of this size fraction. Although the concentration (Bq/g) of (137)Cs in each size fraction did not show any significant trends and/or variations for any of the sampling campaign, Kd values for each site increased with time. Furthermore, it was found that the Kd values decreased with distance from the headstream in the off-limits zone. Thus, the data acquired in this study give an overview of the radiological situation for Fukushima including temporal and spatial variation of radiocaesium in a natural riverine system, within a few years after the accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sakaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Tanaka
- Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Development, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
| | - Hokuto Iwatani
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Haruka Chiga
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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Martinez NE, Johnson TE, Capello K, Pinder JE. Development and comparison of computational models for estimation of absorbed organ radiation dose in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from uptake of iodine-131. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 138:50-59. [PMID: 25151639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study develops and compares different, increasingly detailed anatomical phantoms for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for the purpose of estimating organ absorbed radiation dose and dose rates from (131)I uptake in multiple organs. The models considered are: a simplistic geometry considering a single organ, a more specific geometry employing additional organs with anatomically relevant size and location, and voxel reconstruction of internal anatomy obtained from CT imaging (referred to as CSUTROUT). Dose Conversion Factors (DCFs) for whole body as well as selected organs of O. mykiss were computed using Monte Carlo modeling, and combined with estimated activity concentrations, to approximate dose rates and ultimately determine cumulative radiation dose (μGy) to selected organs after several half-lives of (131)I. The different computational models provided similar results, especially for source organs (less than 30% difference between estimated doses), and whole body DCFs for each model (∼3 × 10(-3) μGy d(-1) per Bq kg(-1)) were comparable to DCFs listed in ICRP 108 for (131)I. The main benefit provided by the computational models developed here is the ability to accurately determine organ dose. A conservative mass-ratio approach may provide reasonable results for sufficiently large organs, but is only applicable to individual source organs. Although CSUTROUT is the more anatomically realistic phantom, it required much more resource dedication to develop and is less flexible than the stylized phantom for similar results. There may be instances where a detailed phantom such as CSUTROUT is appropriate, but generally the stylized phantom appears to be the best choice for an ideal balance between accuracy and resource requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Martinez
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
| | - T E Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - K Capello
- Human Monitoring Laboratory, National Internal Radiation Assessment Section, Radiation Protection Bureau, 775 Brookfield Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - J E Pinder
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Martinez NE, Johnson TE, Pinder JE. Influence of lake trophic structure on iodine-131 accumulation and subsequent cumulative radiation dose to trout thyroids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 131:62-71. [PMID: 24210373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Iodine-131 is a major component of the atmospheric releases following reactor accidents, and the passage of (131)I through food chains from grass to human thyroids has been extensively studied. By comparison, the fate and effects of (131)I deposition onto lakes and other aquatic systems have been less studied. In this study we: (1) reanalyze 1960s data from experimental releases of (131)I into two small lakes; (2) compare the effects of differences in lake trophic structures on the accumulation of (131)I by fish; (3) relate concentrations in fish and fish tissues to that in the water column using empirically estimated uptake (L kg(-1) d(-1)) and loss (d(-1)) parameters; and (4) show that the largest concentrations in the thyroids of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) may occur from 8 to 32 days after initial release. Iodine-131 concentration in trout thyroids at 30-days post release may be >1000 times that in the water. Estimates of cumulative radiation dose (mGy) to thyroids computed using an anatomically-appropriate model of trout thyroid structure within the Monte Carlo N-particle modeling software predicted cumulative thyroid doses that increased approximately linearly after the first 8 days and resulted in 32-day cumulative thyroid doses that ranged from 6 mGy g(-1) to 18 mGy g(-1) per 1 Bq mL(-1) of initial (131)I in the water depending upon fish size. The majority of this dose is due to beta emissions, and the dose varies with positions in the thyroid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Martinez
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, 1618 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, 1618 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States.
| | - John E Pinder
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Science, Colorado State University, 305 W Magnolia # 231, Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States.
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Mouri G, Golosov V, Shiiba M, Hori T. Assessment of the caesium-137 flux adsorbed to suspended sediment in a reservoir in the contaminated Fukushima region in Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 187:31-41. [PMID: 24418976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We estimated the flux of caesium-137 adsorbed to suspended sediment in the Kusaki Dam reservoir in the Fukushima region of eastern Japan, which was contaminated by the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident. The amount and rate of reservoir sedimentation and the caesium-137 concentration were validated based on the mixed-particle distribution and a sediment transport equation. The caesium-137 and sediment flux data suggested that wash load, suspended load sediment, and caesium-137 were deposited and the discharge and transport processes generated acute pollution, especially during extreme rainfall-runoff events. Additionally, we qualitatively assessed future changes in caesium-137 and sediment fluxes in the reservoir. The higher deposition and discharge at the start of the projection compared to the 2090s are most likely explained by the radioactive decay of caesium-137 and the effects of reservoir sedimentation. Predictions of the impacts of future climate on sediment and caesium-137 fluxes are crucial for environmental planning and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Mouri
- Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, Be505, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Valentin Golosov
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Russia, Moscow, GSP-1, Vorob'evy Gory, MSU, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michiharu Shiiba
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Hori
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Markich SJ, Twining JR. Radioecology of Tropical Freshwater Ecosystems: Mechanisms and Kinetics of Bioaccumulation and the Importance of Water Chemistry. RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-045016-2.00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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