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Geras'kin S. Plant adaptation to ionizing radiation: Mechanisms and patterns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170201. [PMID: 38246389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Adaptation to environmental stressors is an essential property of plants that allows them, despite an immobile lifestyle, to survive in a changeable environment. The chain of successive events culminating in the final radiobiological reaction begins with the absorption of energy of ionizing radiation in the cell. Starting from stochastic acts of molecular injury formation, radiation damage gradually acquires deterministic features, which are expressed in a limited number of phenomena that complete plant radiation damage. As plants undergo specialization, the differences between plants and animals become more pronounced, leading to distinct responses to radiation. Chronic radiation exposure may activate biological mechanisms resulting in increased radioresistance of the population. The higher the level of radiation exposure and the sensitivity of plants to radiation, the more intensive the selection. Depending on the circumstances, enhanced radioresistance of a population can be achieved in different ways or has not evolved at all. High dose rates of chronic irradiation leаd to selection for the efficiency of repair systems, while low dose rates activate epigenetic mechanisms that lead to the maintenance of oxidative balance, additional synthesis of chaperones, and control of TEs transposition. Due to huge differences in the radiosensitivity of organisms that make up the ecosystem, irradiation can result in disruption of connections between components of ecosystems which may lead to consequences that can differ drastically from those expected at the organismal and population levels. Therefore, the use of ecological knowledge is essential for understanding the responses of populations and ecosystems to radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Geras'kin
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249032, Russia.
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2
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Jernfors T, Lavrinienko A, Vareniuk I, Landberg R, Fristedt R, Tkachenko O, Taskinen S, Tukalenko E, Mappes T, Watts PC. Association between gut health and gut microbiota in a polluted environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169804. [PMID: 38184263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Animals host complex bacterial communities in their gastrointestinal tracts, with which they share a mutualistic interaction. The numerous effects these interactions grant to the host include regulation of the immune system, defense against pathogen invasion, digestion of otherwise undigestible foodstuffs, and impacts on host behaviour. Exposure to stressors, such as environmental pollution, parasites, and/or predators, can alter the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially affecting host-microbiome interactions that can be manifest in the host as, for example, metabolic dysfunction or inflammation. However, whether a change in gut microbiota in wild animals associates with a change in host condition is seldom examined. Thus, we quantified whether wild bank voles inhabiting a polluted environment, areas where there are environmental radionuclides, exhibited a change in gut microbiota (using 16S amplicon sequencing) and concomitant change in host health using a combined approach of transcriptomics, histological staining analyses of colon tissue, and quantification of short-chain fatty acids in faeces and blood. Concomitant with a change in gut microbiota in animals inhabiting contaminated areas, we found evidence of poor gut health in the host, such as hypotrophy of goblet cells and likely weakened mucus layer and related changes in Clca1 and Agr2 gene expression, but no visible inflammation in colon tissue. Through this case study we show that inhabiting a polluted environment can have wide reaching effects on the gut health of affected animals, and that gut health and other host health parameters should be examined together with gut microbiota in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Jernfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland; Laboratory of Food Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Igor Vareniuk
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Reproductive Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Fristedt
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olena Tkachenko
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Reproductive Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Sara Taskinen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Research of NAS of Ukraine, 020000, Ukraine
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Hemavathy RV, Jeevanantham S, Jawahar MJ, Neshaanthini JP, Saravanan R. A review on synthesis methods and recent applications of nanomaterial in wastewater treatment: Challenges and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135713. [PMID: 35843436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater has been incessantly polluted by various activities such as rapid industrialization, fast growth of population and agricultural activities. Water pollution is considered as one the major threatens to human health and aquatic bodies which causes various severe harmful diseases including gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, cancer, etc. The polluted wastewater could be treated by different conventional and advanced methodologies. Amongst them, adsorption is the most utilized low cost, efficient technique to treat and remove the harmful pollutants from the wastewater. The efficiency of adsorption mainly depends on the surface properties such as functional group availability and surface area of the adsorbents used. Since various waste-based carbon derivatives are utilized as adsorbents for harmful pollutants removal; nanomaterials are employed as effective adsorbents in recent times due to its excellent surface properties. This review presents an overview of the different types of nanomaterials such as nano-particles, nanotubes, nano-sheets, nano-rods, nano-spheres, quantum dots, etc. which have been synthesized by different chemical and green synthesis methodologies using plants, microorganisms, biomolecules and carbon derivatives, metals and metal oxides and polymers. By concentrating on potential research difficulties, this study offers a new viewpoint on fundamental field of nanotechnology for wastewater treatment applications. This review paper critically reviewed the synthesis of nanomaterials more importantly green synthesis and their applications in wastewater treatment to remove the harmful pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, 602105, Chennai, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, 603110, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - R V Hemavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Marie Jyotsna Jawahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - J P Neshaanthini
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - R Saravanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
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Goyal K, Goel H, Baranwal P, Dixit A, Khan F, Jha NK, Kesari KK, Pandey P, Pandey A, Benjamin M, Maurya A, Yadav V, Sinh RS, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Mittan S. Unravelling the molecular mechanism of mutagenic factors impacting human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61993-62013. [PMID: 34410595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mutagens are chemical and physical substances in the environment that has a potential to induce a wide range of mutations and generate multiple physiological, biochemical, and genetic modifications in humans. Most mutagens are having genotoxic effects on the following generation through germ cells. The influence of germinal mutations on health will be determined by their frequency, nature, and the mechanisms that keep a specific mutation in the population. Early prenatal lethal mutations have less public health consequences than genetic illnesses linked with long-term medical and social difficulties. Physical and chemical mutagens are common mutagens found in the environment. These two environmental mutagens have been associated with multiple neurological disorders and carcinogenesis in humans. Thus in this study, we aim to unravel the molecular mechanism of physical mutagens (UV rays, X-rays, gamma rays), chemical mutagens (dimethyl sulfate (DMS), bisphenol A (BPA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC)), and several heavy metals (Ar, Pb, Al, Hg, Cd, Cr) implicated in DNA damage, carcinogenesis, chromosomal abnormalities, and oxidative stress which leads to multiple disorders and impacting human health. Biological tests for mutagen detection are crucial; therefore, we also discuss several approaches (Ames test and Mutatox test) to estimate mutagenic factors in the environment. The potential risks of environmental mutagens impacting humans require a deeper basic knowledge of human genetics as well as ongoing research on humans, animals, and their tissues and fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Goyal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritika Baranwal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aman Dixit
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Avanish Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mercilena Benjamin
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Maurya
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana Suryauday Sinh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences & Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
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Cleveland D, Hinck JE, Lankton JS. Elemental and radionuclide exposures and uptakes by small rodents, invertebrates, and vegetation at active and post-production uranium mines in the Grand Canyon watershed. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127908. [PMID: 32835973 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of breccia pipe uranium mining in the Grand Canyon watershed (Arizona) on ecological and cultural resources are largely unknown. We characterized the exposure of biota to uranium and co-occurring ore body elements during active ore production and at a site where ore production had recently concluded. Our results indicate that biota have taken up uranium and other elements (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, copper, molybdenum, uranium) from exposure to ore and surficial contamination, like blowing dust. Results indicate the potential for prolonged exposure to elements and radionuclides upon conclusion of active ore production. Mean radium-226 in deer mice was up to 4 times greater than uranium-234 and uranium-238 in those same samples; this may indicate a potential for, but does not necessarily imply, radium-226 toxicity. Soil screening benchmarks for uranium and molybdenum and other toxicity thresholds for arsenic, copper, selenium, uranium (e.g., growth effects) were exceeded in vegetation, invertebrates, and rodents (Peromyscus spp., Thomomys bottae, Tamias dorsalis, Dipodomys deserti). However, the prevalence and severity of microscopic lesions in rodent tissues (as direct evidence of biological effects of uptake and exposure) could not be definitively linked to mining. Our data indicate that land managers might consider factors like species, seasonal changes in environmental concentrations, and bioavailability, when determining mine permitting and remediation in the Grand Canyon watershed. Ultimately, our results will be useful for site-specific ecological risk analysis and can support future decisions regarding the mineral extraction withdrawal in the Grand Canyon watershed and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cleveland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
| | - Jo Ellen Hinck
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Julia S Lankton
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
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Mothersill CE, Oughton DH, Schofield PN, Abend M, Adam-Guillermin C, Ariyoshi K, Beresford NA, Bonisoli-Alquati A, Cohen J, Dubrova Y, Geras’kin SA, Hevrøy TH, Higley KA, Horemans N, Jha AN, Kapustka LA, Kiang JG, Madas BG, Powathil G, Sarapultseva EI, Seymour CB, Vo NTK, Wood MD. From tangled banks to toxic bunnies; a reflection on the issues involved in developing an ecosystem approach for environmental radiation protection. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1185-1200. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1793022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul N. Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- Integrated Center for Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Japan
| | | | | | - Jason Cohen
- Department of Biology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yuri Dubrova
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Kathryn A. Higley
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Awadhesh N. Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Juliann G. Kiang
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Balázs G. Madas
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gibin Powathil
- Department of Mathematics, Computational Foundry, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | - Nguyen T. K. Vo
- Department of Biology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael D. Wood
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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Effect of irradiation on the survival and susceptibility of female Anopheles arabiensis to natural isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:266. [PMID: 32434542 PMCID: PMC7238563 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a vector control strategy relying on the mass release of sterile males into wild vector populations. Current sex separation techniques are not fully efficient and could lead to the release of a small proportion of females. It is therefore important to evaluate the effect of irradiation on the ability of released females to transmit pathogens. This study aimed to assess the effect of irradiation on the survival and competence of Anopheles arabiensis females for Plasmodium falciparum in laboratory conditions. Methods Pupae were irradiated at 95 Gy of gamma-rays, and emerging females were challenged with one of 14 natural isolates of P. falciparum. Seven days post-blood meal (dpbm), irradiated and unirradiated-control females were dissected to assess the presence of oocysts, using 8 parasite isolates. On 14 dpbm, sporozoite dissemination in the head/thorax was also examined, using 10 parasites isolates including 4 in common with the 7 dpbm dissection (oocyst data). The survivorship of irradiated and unirradiated-control mosquitoes was monitored. Results Overall, irradiation reduced the proportion of mosquitoes infected with the oocyst stages by 17% but this effect was highly inconsistent among parasite isolates. Secondly, there was no significant effect of irradiation on the number of developing oocysts. Thirdly, there was no significant difference in both the sporozoite infection rate and load between the irradiated and unirradiated-control mosquitoes. Fourthly, irradiation had varying effects on female survival with either a negative effect or no effect. Conclusions The effect of irradiation on mosquito competence strongly varied among parasite isolates. Because of such isolate variability and, the fact that different parasite isolates were used to collect oocyst and sporozoite data, the irradiation-mediated reduction of oocyst prevalence was not confirmed for the sporozoite stages. Our data indicate that irradiated female An. arabiensis could contribute to malaria transmission, and highlight the need for perfect sexing tools, which would prevent the release of females as part of SIT programmes.![]()
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Spurgeon DJ. Higher than … or lower than ….? Evidence for the validity of the extrapolation of laboratory toxicity test results to predict the effects of chemicals and ionising radiation in the field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:105757. [PMID: 29970267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Single species laboratory tests and associated species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) that utilise the resulting data can make a key contribution to efforts to prospective hazard assessments for pesticides, biocides, metals and ionising radiation for research and regulatory risk assessment. An assumption that underlies the single species based toxicity testing approach when combined in SSD models is that the assessments of sensitivities to chemical and ionising radiation measured across a range of species in the laboratory can inform on the likely effects on communities present in the field. Potential issues with the validity of this assumption were already recognised by Van Straalen and Denneman (1989) in their landmark paper on the SSD methodology. In this work, they identified eight major factors that could potentially compromise the extrapolation of laboratory toxicity data to the field. Factors covered a range of issues related to differences in chemistry (e.g. bioavailability, mixtures); environmental conditions (optimal, variable), ecological (compensatory, time-scale) and population genetic structure (adaptation, meta-population dynamics). This paper outlines the evidence pertaining to the influence of these different factors on toxicity in the laboratory as compared to the field focussing especially on terrestrial ecosystems. Through radiological and ecotoxicological research, evidence of the influence of each factor on the translation of observed toxicity from the laboratory to field is available in all cases. The importance of some factors, such as differences in chemical bioavailability between laboratory tests and the field and the ubiquity of exposure to mixtures is clearly established and has some relevance to radiological protection. However, other factors such as the differences in test conditions (optimal vs sub-optimal) and the development of tolerance may be relevant on a case by case basis. When SSDs generated from laboratory tests have been used to predict chemical and ionising radiation effects in the field, results have indicated that they may often seem to under-predict impacts, although this may also be due to other factors such as the effects of other non-chemical stressors also affecting communities at polluted sites. A better understanding of the main factors affecting this extrapolation can help to reduce uncertainty during risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK.
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Kesäniemi J, Jernfors T, Lavrinienko A, Kivisaari K, Kiljunen M, Mappes T, Watts PC. Exposure to environmental radionuclides is associated with altered metabolic and immunity pathways in a wild rodent. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4620-4635. [PMID: 31498518 PMCID: PMC6900138 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wildlife inhabiting environments contaminated by radionuclides face putative detrimental effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, with biomarkers such as an increase in DNA damage and/or oxidative stress commonly associated with radiation exposure. To examine the effects of exposure to radiation on gene expression in wildlife, we conducted a de novo RNA sequencing study of liver and spleen tissues from a rodent, the bank vole Myodes glareolus. Bank voles were collected from the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), where animals were exposed to elevated levels of radionuclides, and from uncontaminated areas near Kyiv, Ukraine. Counter to expectations, we did not observe a strong DNA damage response in animals exposed to radionuclides, although some signs of oxidative stress were identified. Rather, exposure to environmental radionuclides was associated with upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in the livers - an apparent shift in energy metabolism. Moreover, using stable isotope analysis, we identified that fur from bank voles inhabiting the CEZ had enriched isotope values of nitrogen: such an increase is consistent with increased fatty acid metabolism, but also could arise from a difference in diet or habitat between the CEZ and elsewhere. In livers and spleens, voles inhabiting the CEZ were characterized by immunosuppression, such as impaired antigen processing, and activation of leucocytes involved in inflammatory responses. In conclusion, exposure to low dose environmental radiation impacts pathways associated with immunity and lipid metabolism, potentially as a stress-induced coping mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Kesäniemi
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Jernfors
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kati Kivisaari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko Kiljunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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10
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Mappes T, Boratyński Z, Kivisaari K, Lavrinienko A, Milinevsky G, Mousseau TA, Møller AP, Tukalenko E, Watts PC. Ecological mechanisms can modify radiation effects in a key forest mammal of Chernobyl. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
| | - Zbyszek Boratyński
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources University of Porto Vairão PT‐4485–661 Portugal
| | - Kati Kivisaari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
| | | | - Gennadi Milinevsky
- Physics Faculty Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 64/13 Volodymyrska Street Kyiv UA‐01601 Ukraine
| | - Timothy A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia South California 29208 USA
| | - Anders P. Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris‐Sud CNRS AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay Orsay Cedex F‐91405 France
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
- Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Oulu FI‐90014 Finland
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Science Kyiv 04050 Ukraine
| | - Phillip C. Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
- Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Oulu FI‐90014 Finland
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Cleveland D, Hinck JE, Lankton JS. Assessment of chronic low-dose elemental and radiological exposures of biota at the Kanab North uranium mine site in the Grand Canyon watershed. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:112-125. [PMID: 30136757 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-grade U ore deposits are in various stages of exploitation across the Grand Canyon watershed, yet the effects of U mining on ecological and cultural resources are largely unknown. We characterized the concentrations of Al, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Ag, Tl, Th, U, and Zn, gross alpha and beta activities, and U and Th radioisotopes in soil, vegetation (Hesperostipa comata, Artemisia tridentata, Tamarix chinensis), and rodents (Peromyscus maniculatus, P. boylii) to waste material at the Kanab North mine, a mine with decades-long surficial contamination, and compared the concentrations (P < 0.01) to those at a premining site (Canyon Mine). Rodent tissues were also analyzed for radium-226 and microscopic lesions. Radioactivities and some elemental concentrations (e.g., Co, Pb, U) were greater in the Kanab North mine biological samples than in Canyon Mine biota, indicating a mining-related elemental signature. Mean rodent Ra-226 (111 Bq/kg dry weight [dry wt]) was 3 times greater than expected, indicating radioactive disequilibrium. Multiple soil sample U concentrations exceeded a screening benchmark, growth inhibition thresholds for sensitive plants, and an EC20 for a soil arthropod. Lesions associated with metals exposure were also observed more frequently in rodents at Kanab North than those at Canyon Mine but could not be definitively attributed to U mining. Our results indicate that Kanab North biota have taken up U mining-related elements owing to chronic exposure to surficial contamination. However, no literature-based effects thresholds for small rodents were exceeded, and only a few soil and vegetation thresholds for sensitive species were exceeded; therefore, adverse effects to biota from U mining-related elements at Kanab North are unlikely despite chronic exposure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:112-125. Published 2018. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cleveland
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jo Ellen Hinck
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Julia S Lankton
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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Ruiz-Rodríguez M, Møller AP, Mousseau TA, Soler JJ. Capacity of blood plasma is higher in birds breeding in radioactively contaminated areas. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179209. [PMID: 28662048 PMCID: PMC5490992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental pollution in general, and radioactive contamination in particular, may deeply affect host-parasite relationships and their consequences for the evolution of organisms. The nuclear accident that occurred more than 30 years ago in Chernobyl resulted in significant changes in diversity and richness of microbial communities that could influence characteristics of animal-bacteria interactions, including host immune responses and competitive interference by bacteria. Given the high mortality rate of birds breeding in radioactively contaminated zones, those with stronger defences against infections should experience significant fitness advantages. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we characterized antimicrobial capacity of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) from different Ukrainian populations (subject to a gradient of ionizing radiation) against 12 bacterial species. We also quantified constitutive innate immunity, which is the non-specific first barrier of protection of hosts against microbial parasites. We found a positive association between specific antimicrobial capacity of individual hosts and radiation levels in breeding habitats even after controlling for other confounding variables such as sex and age. However, no significant relationship was found between immunocompetence (non-specific response) and background radiation. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that radiation selects for broad antimicrobial spectra of barn swallows, although not for all bacterial strains. We discuss these results in the framework of host-parasite evolution under extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Anders P. Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Timothy A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Juan J. Soler
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, CSIC, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
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Nishad DK, Bhalla S, Khanna K, Sharma BG, Rawat HS, Mittal G, Bhatnagar A. Decontamination of rat and human skin experimentally contaminated with 99mTc, 201Tl and 131I radionuclides using “Dermadecon” – a skin decontamination kit: an efficacy study. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017; 37:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2017.1315127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Kumar Nishad
- Ministry of Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Bhalla
- Ministry of Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Kushagra Khanna
- Ministry of Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Braj Gaurav Sharma
- Ministry of Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Harish Singh Rawat
- Ministry of Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Mittal
- Ministry of Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Aseem Bhatnagar
- Ministry of Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
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Geras'kin SA. Ecological effects of exposure to enhanced levels of ionizing radiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 162-163:347-357. [PMID: 27343462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation of plants and animals can result in disruption of ecological relationships between the components of ecosystems. Such effects may act as triggers of perturbation and lead to consequences that may differ essentially from expected ones based on effects observed at the organismal level. Considerable differences in ecology and niches occupied by different species lead to substantial differences in doses of ionizing radiation absorbed by species, even when they all are present in the same environment at the same time. This is especially evident for contamination with α-emitting radionuclides. Radioactive contamination can be considered an ecological factor that is able to modify the resistance in natural populations. However, there are radioecological situations when elevated radioresistance does not evolve or persist. The complexity and non-linearity of the structure and functioning of ecosystems can lead to unexpected consequences of stress effects, which would appear harmless if they were assessed within the narrower context of organism-based traditional radioecology. Therefore, the use of ecological knowledge is essential for understanding responses of populations and ecosystems to radiation exposure. Integration of basic ecological principles in the design and implementation of radioecological research is essential for predicting radiation effects under rapidly changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A Geras'kin
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249032, Russia.
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Symbiotic bacteria of helminths: what role may they play in ecosystems under anthropogenic stress? J Helminthol 2016; 90:647-657. [PMID: 26754963 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x15001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria are a common feature of many animals, particularly invertebrates, from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. These bacteria have increasingly been recognized as performing an important role in maintaining invertebrate health. Both ecto- and endoparasitic helminths have also been found to harbour a range of bacterial species which provide a similar function. The part symbiotic bacteria play in sustaining homeostasis of free-living invertebrates exposed to anthropogenic pressure (climate change, pollution), and the consequences to invertebrate populations when their symbionts succumb to poor environmental conditions, are increasingly important areas of research. Helminths are also susceptible to environmental stress and their symbiotic bacteria may be a key aspect of their responses to deteriorating conditions. This article summarizes the ecophysiological relationship helminths have with symbiotic bacteria and the role they play in maintaining a healthy parasite and the relevance of specific changes that occur in free-living invertebrate-bacteria interactions under anthropogenic pressure to helminths and their bacterial communities. It also discusses the importance of understanding the mechanistic sensitivity of helminth-bacteria relationships to environmental stress for comprehending the responses of parasites to challenging conditions.
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