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Gautam SK, Paul RK, Sawant DM, Sarwal A, Raza K. Critical Review on Balanites aegyptiaca Delile: Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological Properties and Nanointerventions. Chin J Integr Med 2023:10.1007/s11655-023-3563-x. [PMID: 37930510 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca Delile (BA) is an enduring xerophytic woody and spinous flowering tree and is commonly known as desert date or Ingudi (Hingot). It belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, which is specific to be drought areas of Nigeria, Africa, South Asia and India (Rajasthan). In Ayurveda, this traditional medicinal plant is reported for the management of jaundice, syphilis, yellow fever, metabolic disorders, liver, and spleen problems. The main aim of the review is to compile its medicinal uses and further advancements to showcase the promises inherited in various parts of the plant for the benefit of mankind. As per the literature survey, various researchers have focused on the detailed investigation of BA including the phytopharmacological evidence, chemical constituents, nano-formulations, commercialized products, and clinical trials. Several remarkable scaffolds and isolated compounds like diosgenin, yamogenin, balanitin1/2, balanitin 3, bal4/5, bal6/7, rutin-3-glycosides, 3,7-diglycosides, (3, 12, 14, 16)-(12-hydroxycholest-5-ene-3,16-diyl-bis)-D-glucopyranoside and balanitoside have been identified. Additionally, this traditional plant has been scientifically proven by in vitro and in vivo. Based on the complete review of this plant, most of the compounds have been isolated from the fruit and kernel part. Additionally, based on the literature, a histogram was developed for pharmacological activity in which antidiabetic study was found to be more compared to other pharmacological activity. As a spinous desert dates, this plant needs to be explored more to bring out newer phytochemicals in the management of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Kumar Gautam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Devesh M Sawant
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Amita Sarwal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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A Emara A, A Sleem B, K Nageeb A, H Ahmed N, T Mohamed N, I Hassanin M, M Mohamed R, E Hassan M, R Shamroukh M, K Mohamed M, M Hassaan M, M Maddy R, S Elneklawi M, Bondok MS, Ali AA, A Hussein M. Antitumor and Protective Activity of TVLE against CdCl 2-Induced Renal Damage in Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:313-321. [PMID: 35638525 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.313.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cadmium is a heavy metal that has a wide range of applications in human existence. Cadmium may bind to the protein metallothionein and decrease kidney function once it enters the body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal protective activity of TVLE against CdCl<sub>2</sub>-induced renal toxicity in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> TVLE was prepared and characterized using instrumental analysis and spectral data. Furthermore, the IC<sub>50</sub> of TVLE against the Vero renal carcinoma cell line was calculated. Adult albino rats were used to assess the renal protective activity of TVLE (150 and 300 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt.) in CdCl<sub>2</sub>-treated rats. <b>Results:</b> IC<sub>50 </sub>of TVLE against Vero cell line equals 148.25 μg mL<sup>1</sup>. The daily oral administration of TVLE at concentrations of 150 and 300 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt. for 21 days to CdCl<sub>2</sub>-treated rates resulted in a significant improvement in tumour volume and tumour weight, urea, creatinine, uric acid, TNF-α, NOx, TBARs, GSH, CAT, SOD, GPx and VEGF-C gene expression in CdCl<sub>2</sub>-treated rats. Furthermore, TVLE almost normalized these effects in renal histoarchitecture. <b>Conclusion:</b> The biochemical, histological and MRI examinations of the current study suggested that TVLE have renal protective activity against CdCl<sub>2</sub>-induced renal toxicity in rats.
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Abu Zeid I. Inhibitory Activity of Balanites aegyptiaca Phytochemicals on Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2: Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.482.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Murthy HN, Yadav GG, Dewir YH, Ibrahim A. Phytochemicals and Biological Activity of Desert Date ( Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile). PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010032. [PMID: 33375570 PMCID: PMC7823407 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many underutilized tree species are good sources of food, fodder and possible therapeutic agents. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family and is popularly known as “desert date”, reflecting its edible fruits. This tree grows naturally in Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. Local inhabitants use fruits, leaves, roots, stem and root bark of the species for the treatment of various ailments. Several research studies demonstrate that extracts and phytochemicals isolated from desert date display antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and molluscicidal activities. Mesocarp of fruits, seeds, leaves, stem and root bark are rich sources of saponins. These tissues are also rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids and polysterols. Some constituents show antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. The objective of this review is to summarize studies on diverse bioactive compounds and the beneficial properties of B. aegyptiaca.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, P.O. Box 2460, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdullah Ibrahim
- Plant Production Department, P.O. Box 2460, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Hassanin KMA, Mahmoud MO, Hassan HM, Abdel-Razik ARH, Aziz LN, Rateb ME. Balanites aegyptiaca ameliorates insulin secretion and decreases pancreatic apoptosis in diabetic rats: Role of SAPK/JNK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:1084-1091. [PMID: 29710525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SAPK-JNK pathway performs a significant role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Balanites aegyptiaca (BA) is used as an anti-diabetic agent in folk medicine however its hypoglycemic mechanism is not fully elucidated. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of crude extract, butanol, and dichloromethane fractions from BA on the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK-JNK) pathway in experimental diabetic rats. Six groups of male Wistar rats were included: normal control, diabetic, diabetic rats treated with crude, butanol or dichloromethane fraction from BA (50 mg/kg BW) and diabetic rats treated with gliclazide as a reference drug for one month. Our results suggested a protective role of treatment of diabetic rats with BA against oxidative stress-induced SAPK-JNK pathway. Moreover, BA treatment produced a reduction in plasma glucose, HbA1c, lactic acid, lipid profile, malondialdehyde levels and produced an increase in insulin, reduced glutathione levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities compared with untreated diabetic rats. Moreover, it decreased apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1, protein 53 and increased insulin receptor substrate 1 in rat pancreas while it increased glucose transporter 4 in rat muscle. Analysis of BA extracts by LC-HRMS revealed the presence of different saponins with reported hypoglycemic effect. In conclusion, BA exerted hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, insulinotropic and antioxidant effects. Additionally, it reduced apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells and increased glucose uptake in muscle. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of BA is due to the inhibition of the SAPK-JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel M A Hassanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Razik H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Lourin N Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; School of Science & Sport, the University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
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Fongang ALM, Laure Nguemfo E, Djouatsa Nangue Y, Bogning Zangueu C, Fouokeng Y, Azebaze AGB, José Llorent-Martínez E, Córdova MLFD, Bertrand Dongmo A, Vierling W. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic stem bark extract of Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae) in mice and rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:11-19. [PMID: 28342857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antrocaryon klaineanum is used by traditional healers to treat many disorders including pain and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of methanol extract of A. klaineanum in mice and rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was performed to establish the chromatographic fingerprint and to identify various chemical components of the plant extract. The anti-nociceptive activity of methanol extract of A. klaineanum was assessed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction model, formalin test, capsaicin and cinnamaldehyde induced-neurogenic pain and hot plate test. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed on carrageenan-induced inflammation. Extract was administrated orally at 200, 400 and 600mg/kg. RESULTS Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. The results of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities showed that methanol extract significantly (p<0.01) reduced the pain induced by acetic acid with an inhibition percentage of 45.49% (600mg/kg). In the formalin test, the extract also significantly (p<0.01) reduced linking time in both phase (neurogenic and inflammatory) of the test with inhibition percentage of 56.28% and 60.73% respectively at the dose of 600mg/kg. The methanol extract of A. klaineanum significantly (P<0.001) reduced neurogenic pain linking time induced by capsaicin and cinnamaldehyde by 82.54% and 75.94% at the highest dose (600mg/kg) respectively. More over the extract significantly increase the reaction time in hot plate test. In the inflammatory test, the plant extract significantly reduced the carrageen induced rat paw oedema from 30min to 6h with a maximum percentage inhibition of 89.88% (6h) at the dose of 600mg/kg. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the methanol extract of A. klaineanum may possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and provide support of the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of different pain and inflammatory conditions. Further investigation could reveal metabolites of the extract responsible for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Laure Magne Fongang
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box 24157, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Edwige Laure Nguemfo
- Department of Biology Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.O. Box 2701, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Yolande Djouatsa Nangue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box 24157, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Calvin Bogning Zangueu
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box 24157, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Yannick Fouokeng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box 24157, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Eulogio José Llorent-Martínez
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | | | - Alain Bertrand Dongmo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box 24157, University of Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Wolfgang Vierling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteinerstr. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
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Yassin AM, El-Deeb NM, Metwaly AM, El Fawal GF, Radwan MM, Hafez EE. Induction of Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells Through Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways by Balanites aegyptiaca Furostanol Saponins and Saponin-Coated SilverNanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1675-1693. [PMID: 28236195 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation is to examine the anticancer activities of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit extract with its biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against colon and liver cancer cells. B. aegyptiaca aqueous extract was fractionated according to polarity and by biosynthesized AgNP. The cytotoxicity of the extract, semi-purified fractions, and the AgNPs was examined on noncancerous cell lines. The safer fraction was subjected to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS to identify the major active constituents. The anticancer activities of the nontoxic doses of all the used treatments were tested against HepG2 and CaCo2 cells. The nontoxic dose of the B. aegyptiaca (0.63 mg/ml) extract showed high anti-proliferative activities against HepG2 and CaCo2 with a percentage of 81 and 77%, respectively. The butanol fraction was safer than the other two fractions with 46.3 and 90.35% anti-proliferative activity against Caco2 and HepG2 cells, respectively. The nontoxic dose of AgNPs (0.63 mg/ml) inhibits both HepG2 and Caco2 cells with a percentage of 84.5 and 83.4%, respectively. In addition, AgNPs regulate the expression of certain genes with folding higher than that of crude extract. Saponin-coated AgNPs showed great abilities to select the most anticancer ingredient(s) from the B. aegyptiaca extract with a more safety pattern than the polarity gradient fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman M Yassin
- Biopharmaceutical Product Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Nehal M El-Deeb
- Biopharmaceutical Product Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11371, Egypt
| | - Gomaa F El Fawal
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Abstract
Sudan folklore medicine is characterized by a unique combination of Islamic, Arabic, and African cultures. In poor communities, traditional medicine has remained as the most reasonable source of treatment of several diseases and microbial infections. Although the traditional medicine is accepted in Sudan, to date there is no updated review available, which focuses on most effective and frequently used Sudanese medicinal plants. Thus, this review aims to summarize the published information on the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants from Sudan, preparation methods, phytochemistry, and ethnopharmacology. The collected data demonstrate that Sudanese medicinal plants have been reported to possess a wide range of traditional medicinal uses including different microbial infections, gastrointestinal disorders, malaria, diabetes, rheumatic pain, respiratory system disorders, jaundice, urinary system inflammations, wounds, cancer, and different microbial infections. In most cases, the pharmacological studies were in agreement with traditional uses. Moreover, several bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, tannins, fatty acids, and essential oils have been identified as active constituents. Although this review demonstrates the importance of ethnomedicine medicines in the treatment of several diseases in Sudan, further researches to validate the therapeutic uses and safety of these plants through phytochemical screening, different biological activity assays, and toxicological studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Hassan LEA, Dahham SS, Saghir SAM, Mohammed AMA, Eltayeb NM, Majid AMSA, Majid ASA. Chemotherapeutic potentials of the stem bark of Balanite aegyptiaca (L.) Delile: an antiangiogenic, antitumor and antioxidant agent. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:396. [PMID: 27760539 PMCID: PMC5069806 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Balanite aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, is a plant with extensive medicinal properties. Its stem bark is traditionally known for its spasmolytic and antiepileptic properties and used to treat yellow fever, jaundice and syphilis. Angiogenesis (sprouting of new blood vessels) is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. The goal of this study is investigate the antiangiogenic, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity as well as antitumor in vivo properties of B. aegyptiaca stem bark extracts. Method The dried powder of stem bark was extracted sequentially with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. Rat aorta ring assay (RARA) was used as a platform to screen for antiangiogenic affect. The most active extract was subjected to further confirmatory antiangiogenic tests i.e. cell migration, tube formation and VEGF inhibition and finally evaluated for its in vivo antitumor efficacy in nude mice. The cytotoxicity of extracts on four cancer cell lines (HCT-116, K562, U937 and MCF-7) and one normal cells line (HUVEC) was evaluated. To assess the antioxidant activity screening, four methods were used, (DPPH•) and ABTS radical scavenging activity, as well as total flavonoids and phenolic contents. Results Methanol extract of B. aegyptiaca stem bark (MBA) showed the highest antiangiogenic, antioxidant and anticancer properties. It was found selectively cytotoxic to leukemia cell lines as well as breast cancer cell line MCF-7. (MBA) thus exhibited antiangiogenic in ex-vivo rat aorta ring model; it was found to excel its antiangiogenic effect via inhibition of the key growth factor (VEGF) as well as to halt HUVEC cell migration and tube formation, furthermore animals bearing colon cancer treated with (MBA) showed significant reduction in tumor growth. Conclusion Different extracts of B. aegyptiaca stem bark showed various anticancer and antiangiogenic properties. MBA demonstrated potent antiangiogenic, antioxidant and antitumor in vivo. The outcome of this study suggests the potential of stem bark of the B. aegyptiaca for developing chemotherapeutic agent against solid tumor as well as leukemia.
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Suleiman MHA. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by communities of Northern Kordofan region, Sudan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:232-42. [PMID: 26519203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study provides significant ethnopharmacological information on plant species used in North Kordofan region, western Sudan. The study was undertaken with an aim to document the medicinal uses of the species known to some Northern Kordofan communities. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted between 2012 and 2013. The plants were identified and voucher specimens prepared. Information was collected by means of semi-structured interviews with 258 informants (195 men and 63 women). In addition, the use value (UV) of the species was determined and the informant consensus factor (ICF) was calculated for the medicinal plants researched in the study. Further analysis was carried out to compare results with previous studies from the study area and other regions of Sudan. RESULTS A total of 44 plant species representing 24 families were found to be commonly used in the treatment of 73 different human health problems. The families most represented were Leguminosae (18%), Caesalpiniaceae (9%), Malvaceae (9%), Asclepiadaceae (6.8%) and Combretaceae (6.8%). The highest number of plant species are used against digestive system disorders (23 species) followed by microbial infections (21 species) and dermatology (19 species). Among all the plant parts leaves (20%), roots (19%), fruits and bark (14% each) were the most preferred plant parts used by the informants. There was strong agreement among the informants as to the usages of the plants (informant consensus factor 0.63-0.93). The most important plants on the basis of use-value were Acacia nilotica, Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Cassia occidentalis, Cassia senna, Guiera senegalensis and Tamarindus indica. CONCLUSION This study has helped to document information that may otherwise be lost to future generations. This is the first ethnobotanical study in which statistical calculations about plants are carried out by means of the ICF and UV methods in the study area. Plants with high ICF and UV values should be subjected for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigation for scientific validation.
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Anani K, Adjrah Y, Ameyapoh Y, Karou SD, Agbonon A, de Souza C, Gbeassor M. Effects of hydroethanolic extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (Balanitaceae) on some resistant pathogens bacteria isolated from wounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 164:16-21. [PMID: 25666430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bark of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (Balanitaceae) is widely used in the Togolese folk medicine for the treatment of wounds, malaria and skin diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and the activity of the bark extract of this plant against some resistant bacteria isolated from wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimicrobial activity was assayed using the NCCLS microdilution while the DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used for the antioxidant activity. The susceptibility to conventional antibiotics of bacteria was assessed by an agar disk diffusion method using commercial disk. Phenolics were quantified using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The hydroethanolic extracts of the bark inhibited in vitro the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Bacteriostatic effects were observed on 15 (33%) and 21 (47%) strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The MICs and MBCs against Staphylococcus aureus strains ranged respectively from 2.5 to 12.5 µg/mL and 2.5 to 50 µg/mL. Concerning Pseudomonas aeruginosa, these values were equal (12.5 µg/mL). Multidrug resistance was 95% against six antibiotics for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 91% against five antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus. The DPPH radical scavenging and the FRAP assays yielded weak antioxidant activity, closely linked with the total phenolic contents. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the bark extract of Balanites aegyptiaca possess bioactive compounds implicated in the free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities, justifying the use of the plant in the traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokou Anani
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires, Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires - Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515 Lomé, Togo; Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Plantes Médicinales (CERFOPLAM), Université de Lomé, Togo; Centre de Recherche en Agriculture Biologique et Substances Naturelles (CRABISNA), Lomé,Togo
| | - Yao Adjrah
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires, Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires - Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515 Lomé, Togo; Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Plantes Médicinales (CERFOPLAM), Université de Lomé, Togo; Centre de Recherche en Agriculture Biologique et Substances Naturelles (CRABISNA), Lomé,Togo.
| | - Yaovi Ameyapoh
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires, Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires - Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515 Lomé, Togo; Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Plantes Médicinales (CERFOPLAM), Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Simplice Damintoti Karou
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires, Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires - Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515 Lomé, Togo; Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Plantes Médicinales (CERFOPLAM), Université de Lomé, Togo; Centre de Recherche en Agriculture Biologique et Substances Naturelles (CRABISNA), Lomé,Togo
| | - Amegnona Agbonon
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Pharmacologie, Faculté des Sciences - Université de Lomé, BP. 1515 Lomé, Togo; Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Plantes Médicinales (CERFOPLAM), Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Comlan de Souza
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Contrôle de Qualité des Denrées Alimentaires, Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires - Université de Lomé, B.P. 1515 Lomé, Togo; Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Plantes Médicinales (CERFOPLAM), Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Messanvi Gbeassor
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Pharmacologie, Faculté des Sciences - Université de Lomé, BP. 1515 Lomé, Togo; Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Plantes Médicinales (CERFOPLAM), Université de Lomé, Togo
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Pérez González C, Serrano Vega R, González-Chávez M, Zavala Sánchez MA, Pérez Gutiérrez S. Anti-inflammatory activity and composition of Senecio salignus Kunth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:814693. [PMID: 23691512 PMCID: PMC3652123 DOI: 10.1155/2013/814693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Senecio salignus. This medicinal plant is often used in Mexico for the treatment of fever and rheumatism. Chloroform and methanol extracts of the plant were tested on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate- (TPA-) induced edema in mice ears. The methanol extract of the plant inhibited edema by 36 ± 4.4% compared with the control, while the chloroform extract exhibited an even greater level of inhibition (64.1%). The chloroform extract was then fractionated, and the composition of the active fraction was determined by GC-MS. The anti-inflammatory activity of this fraction was then tested on TPA-induced ear edema in mice, and we found that the active fraction could inhibit edema by 46.9%. The anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was also tested on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats at doses of 100 mg/kg; a 58.9 ± 2.8% reduction of the edema was observed 4 h after administration of carrageenan, and the effect was maintained for 5 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco González-Chávez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
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Dimo T, Temdie R, Fotio L, Beppe J, Tsague M. Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Extracts from the Leaves of Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2012.565.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dawidar AEM, Mortada MM, Raghib HM, Abdel-Mogib M. Molluscicidal activity of Balanites aegyptiaca against Monacha cartusiana. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1326-1329. [PMID: 22889050 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.674950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (Zygophyllaceae) is a tropical tree that has many folk uses in various countries. The bark extract is used for the control of the fresh water snails that act as intermediary host of Schistosoma. OBJECTIVE Study the molluscicidal activity and chemical constituents of seed oil and seed glycosides of B. aegyptiaca against Monacha cartusiana and determine the structure-activity relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two bioassay methods (residual film application and the leaf dipping technique) were used to evaluate the toxicity effect of the seed oil and glycosides, in concentrations of 1.000, 0.500, 0.250 and 0.125%. The seed oil was analysed by GC/MS. Acid hydrolysis and chromatographic separation were used to study the seed saponins. RESULTS The bioassay of B. aegyptiaca against the land snail, M. cartusiana, indicated the activity of the seed oil and the high activity of the seed saponins. The seed glycosides gave 30.0, 53.3, 73.0 and 73.3% mortality for concentrations of 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 and 1.00%, respectively. The LC(50) values were 0.335 and 0.256%, respectively. The seed oil was analysed by GC/MS. Acid hydrolysis of the seed saponins gave a mixture of diosgenin, yamogenin and 3,5-spirostadiene. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION To study the structure-activity relationship, a triterpenoidal saponin and a triterpenoidal saponins rich extract (of Zygophyllum coccenum) were proven to be inactive. Thus, the activity is associated with the steroidal, not triterpenoidal saponins. Moreover, a spirostane aglycone without sugar moiety, was found to be inactive and attained the activity by glycosidation.
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Karou SD, Tchacondo T, Ouattara L, Anani K, Savadogo A, Agbonon A, Attaia MB, de Souza C, Sakly M, Simpore J. Antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, haemolytic and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from three selected Togolese medicinal plants. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:808-13. [PMID: 22014738 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three plants. Phytochemical analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried out. METHODS The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) assays were used to determine antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities, respectively. Haemolysis assay was conducted on A(+) human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino mice. Phenolics were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia (P. curatellifolia) and Entada africana (E. africana) (IC(50) were 0.20±0.01 μg/mL and 0.47±0.01 μg/mL, respectively). This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of extracts. The antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) the most susceptible bacterial strain. MIC value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi (M. rouxi), Fusarium oxyporum (F. oxyporum) and Rhizopus nigricans (R. nigricans). pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) (IC(50) = 24.56±3.45 μg/mL), however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice (LD(50) = 625±128 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial infections. In addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simplice D Karou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Médicinales, Université de Lomé, Togo.
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Pérez-Gutiérrez S, Sánchez-Mendoza E, Martínez-González D, Zavala-Sánchez MA, Pérez-González C. Kramecyne--a new anti-inflammatory compound isolated from Krameria cytisoides. Molecules 2012; 17:2049-57. [PMID: 22349895 PMCID: PMC6268713 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17022049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work we describe the structure and anti-inflammatory activity of a new compound, kramecyne, isolated from a methanol extract of Krameria cytisoides (Krameriaceae). The structure of kramecyne was determined by IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analysis, which indicated that the structure corresponded to a hexamer of cyclic peroxide monomers. This compound exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema (51.8 ± 6.9% inhibition) and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema models at doses of 50 mg/kg. The compound significantly reduced edema to 63.1% after 1.0 h, and the effect was unchanged for 5 h. Kramecyne did not present acute toxicity, even at doses of 5,000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cuauhtemoc Pérez-González
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud, Coyoacan C.P. 04960, D.F.A.P. 23-181, Mexico
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Chothani DL, Vaghasiya HU. A review on Balanites aegyptiaca Del (desert date): phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological activity. Pharmacogn Rev 2011; 5:55-62. [PMID: 22096319 PMCID: PMC3210005 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.79100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae), known as ‘desert date,’ is spiny shrub or tree up to l0 m tall, widely distributed in dry land areas of Africa and South Asia. It is traditionally used in treatment of various ailments i.e. jaundice, intestinal worm infection, wounds, malaria, syphilis, epilepsy, dysentery, constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoid, stomach aches, asthma, and fever. It contains protein, lipid, carbohydrate, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, and organic acid. Present review summarizes the traditional claims, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of B. aegyptiaca Del reported in scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daya L Chothani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pioneer Degree Pharmacy College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Ymele EV, Dongmo AB, Dimo T. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract of the stem bark of Allanblackia gabonensis (Guttiferae). Inflammopharmacology 2011; 21:21-30. [PMID: 22071660 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-011-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Allanblackia gabonensis (Guttiferae) is a plant used in the African traditional medicine as remedies against pain, rheumatism, inflammations. In the present work, the analgesic effect of aqueous extract has been evaluated using acetic acid, formalin, hot-plate test, tail immersion and paw-pressure test. The anti-inflammatory effect of this extract was also investigated on carrageenan, histamine or serotonin induced by paw oedema. Aqueous extract of stem bark of A. gabonensis administrated p.o. showed significant activity against paw oedema induced by carrageenan, with a maximum percentage of inhibition reaching the 74.01% at the preventive test at a dose of 200 mg/kg. A. gabonensis exhibited a significant reduction of paw oedema induced by both histamine and serotonin with a maximal inhibition of 56.94% (200 mg/kg) and 40.83% (100 mg/kg), respectively. It showed significant protective effects against chemical stimuli (acetic acid and formalin) in the mouse. Administered orally at the doses of 100-400 mg/kg, exhibited protective effect of at least 69.78% on the pain induced by acetic acid and also reduced first (67.18% at 200 mg/kg) and second (83.87% at 400 mg/kg) phase of pain-induced par formalin. It also produced a significant increase of the threshold of sensitivity to pressure and hot plate-induced pain in the rats. These results suggest a peripheral and central analgesic activities as well as an anti-inflammatory effect of the stem bark of A. gabonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige V Ymele
- Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Animal physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Maxia A, Sanna C, Frau MA, Piras A, Karchuli MS, Kasture V. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Pistacia lentiscus Essential Oil: Involvement of IL-6 and TNF-α. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus L. was studied using carrageenan induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma. The effect on serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats inserted with cotton pellet was also investigated. On topical application, the oil exhibited a significant decrease in paw edema. The oil also inhibited cotton pellet-induced granuloma, and reduced serum TNF-α and IL-6. It can be concluded that the essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus reduces leukocyte migration to the damaged tissue and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maxia
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Botany and Botanical Garden Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- APRIN, Applied Plant Research International Network
| | - Cinzia Sanna
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Botany and Botanical Garden Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- APRIN, Applied Plant Research International Network
| | - Maria Assunta Frau
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Botany and Botanical Garden Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- APRIN, Applied Plant Research International Network
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy
- APRIN, Applied Plant Research International Network
| | - Manvendra Singh Karchuli
- Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal - India
- APRIN, Applied Plant Research International Network
| | - Veena Kasture
- Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal - India
- APRIN, Applied Plant Research International Network
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Meda RNT, Vlase L, Lamien-Meda A, Lamien CE, Muntean D, Tiperciuc B, Oniga I, Nacoulma OG. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from Balanites aegyptiaca (L) Del (Balanitaceae) galls and leaves by HPLC-MS. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:93-9. [PMID: 21246435 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.482933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca is a tropical plant which is widely used for medicinal purposes in several African countries, including Burkina Faso. Despite its widespread use, little is known about its phenolic content. This study sought to carry out a screening of the polyphenols from the leaves and galls of B. aegyptiaca. A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to investigate the phenolic content in the parts of the plant studied here. The phenolic acid profile showed the presence of gentisic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids in the crude and hydrolysed extracts. The flavonoids pattern showed hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutoside and quercitrin in the crude extract of leaves. Myricetol, quercetol and kaempferol were found after acid hydrolysis of the leaves extract. Ferulic acid, isoquercitrin, rutoside and quercitrin were identified as major phenolic compounds in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N T Meda
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquees, UFR/SVT, Universite de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Romania.
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Investigation of some medicinal plants traditionally used for treatment of malaria in Kenya as potential sources of antimalarial drugs. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127:609-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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New medicinal properties of mangostins: Analgesic activity and pharmacological characterization of active ingredients from the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana L. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 95:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shalaby MA, Moghazy FM, Shalaby HA, Nasr SM. Effect of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits on enteral and parenteral stages of Trichinella spiralis in rats. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:17-25. [PMID: 20349194 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a considerable interest in developing new anthelmintic drugs including those from medicinal plants due to increasing evidence of parasitic resistance against present anthelmintic drugs and decreasing activity against encapsulated larval stages of parasites. This study was carried out to assess, for the first time, the effectiveness of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (BAE) fruits against different stages (pre-adult, migrating larvae, and encysted larvae) of Trichinella spiralis in rats compared with commonly used anthelmintic albendazole. Oral administration of BAE at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg b.wt. for five successive days throughout the parasite life cycle led to a marked reduction of migrating and encysted larval rate by 81.7% and 61.7%, respectively, in the muscular tissue. This treatment was less effective against adults in the gut (47.8%). Albendazole treatment at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.wt. for five successive days resulted in a marked eradication of T. spiralis adult worms (94.4%) and less reduction of migrating and encysted larval infections of skeletal muscles (62.2% and 26.4%, respectively). BAE-treated groups showed marked decreases in serum-glucose levels, triglyceride concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) activities, and lipid peroxide products (malondialdehyde, MDA) as well as an increase in glutathione level in both serum and muscular tissue compared to albendazole-treated- and infected-untreated groups. This result was confirmed by few numbers of living- and dead-encysted larvae and less destruction of the diaphragm and skeletal muscle tissues in BAE-treated groups compared to other treated groups. It can be concluded that the methanolic extract of B. aegyptiaca fruits has high effectiveness against parenteral stages of T. spiralis than albendazole. Albendazole is more effective against enteral stage of T. spiralis than the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Shalaby
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Al Ashaal HA, Farghaly AA, Abd El Aziz MM, Ali MA. Phytochemical investigation and medicinal evaluation of fixed oil of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits (Balantiaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:495-501. [PMID: 19833185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Balanites aegyptiaca (Balantiaceae), mainly the fruit, is used by traditional healers and herbalists for treating many diseases in Africa and Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigation of fixed oil composition of fruits and evaluation of its biological activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oil content was identified using GC and GC/MS. In vitro examination of the oil biological activity (including cytotoxicity, antimutagenicity, antiparasitic, antiviral and antimicrobial activities) was performed. RESULTS The oil contained 54.53% unsaturated fatty acids and 1.14% sterols. The oil exhibited anticancer activity against lung, liver and brain human carcinoma cell lines. It also had antimutagenic activity against Fasciola gigantica induced mutagenicity besides anthelmintic activity against hepatic worms (Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola gigantica). Preliminary screening showed that the oil had antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus. It also had antimicrobial activity against selected strains of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and Candida. CONCLUSION The results showed remarkable biological activity of Balanites aegyptiaca fixed oil and proved its importance as natural bioactive source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Al Ashaal
- Research of Drugs and Pharmaceutical Industries Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.
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Koko WS, Mesaik MA, Yousaf S, Galal M, Choudhary MI. In vitro immunomodulating properties of selected Sudanese medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 118:26-34. [PMID: 18440170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts of 23 medicinal plants, commonly used in Sudanese folk medicines against infectious diseases, were investigated for their immunomodulating activity using luminol/lucigenin-based chemiluminescence assay. Preliminary screenings on whole blood oxidative burst activity showed inhibitory activities of 14 plant extracts, while only one plant, Balanites aegyptiaca fruits exhibited a proinflammatory activity. Further investigation was conducted by monitoring their effects on oxidative burst of isolated polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and mononuclear cells (MNCs) by using two different phagocytosis activators (serum opsonizing zymosan-A and PMA). Results obtained showed that the fruits and barks of Acacia nilotica, and leaves and barks of Khaya senegalensis, possess average inhibitory effects in the range of 70.7, 67.1, 69.5 and 67.4% on both types of phagocytes (PMNs and MNCs), respectively, at a 6.25 microg/mL concentration. Moderate inhibitory activity (52.2%) was exerted by the aerial parts of Xanthium brasilicum, while the rest of the plants showed only a weak inhibitory activity. The inhibition of oxidative burst activity was found to be irreversible in most of the extracts, except for Peganum harmala, Tephrosia apollinea, Tinospora bakis, and Vernonia amygdalina. Interestingly, the fruits of Balanites aegyptiaca exhibited a moderate proinflammatory effect (37-40.4% increases in ROS level compared to the control) at 25-100 microg/mL concentration in the case of whole blood along with PMNs phagocyte activity. The Tinospora bakis extract showed proinflammatory response at a low concentration (6.25 microg/mL) during activation with PMA. None of these extracts affected PMNs viability (90-98%) upon 2 h incubation, except of the ethanolic extracts of Acacia nilotica fruits and Balanites aegyptiaca barks.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Koko
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Nguemfo EL, Dimo T, Azebaze AGB, Asongalem EA, Alaoui K, Dongmo AB, Cherrah Y, Kamtchouing P. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of the stem bark extracts from Allanblackia monticola STANER L.C. (Guttiferae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:417-24. [PMID: 17913418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THIS STUDY was to assess the anti-inflammatory and mechanism of action of Allanblackia monticola (Guttiferae). The anti-inflammatory activity "in vivo" of the methylene chloride/methanol extract, methanol and methylene chloride fractions of stem barks of Allanblackia monticola, administered orally at doses of 37.5; 75; 150 and 300 mg/kg, was evaluated on carrageenan-induced oedema in rats to determine the most active fraction. Indomethacin, inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase was used as reference drug. The effects of the most active fraction were then examined on the rat paw oedema caused by histamine, serotonin, arachidonic acid and dextran followed by its ulcerogenic effect. The results showed that the methylene chloride fraction of Allanblackia monticola was more effective on the oedema caused by the carrageenan. The anti-nociceptive activity of the methylene chloride fraction was assessed using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction model, formalin test and hot plate test. At 150 mg/kg, Allanblackia monticola caused maximum inhibitions of inflammation induced by carrageenan (83.33%), by histamine (42.10%), by dextran (40.29%) and by arachidonic acid (64.28%). Allanblackia monticola (75-300 mg/kg) did not cause significant modification of the oedema induced by serotonin. Concerning the anti-nociceptive properties of the plant, the methylene chloride fraction (75-300 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent inhibition on abdominal contractions induced by acetic acid (32.34-77.37%) and significantly inhibited the inflammatory pain caused by formalin (40.71-64.78%). Allanblackia monticola did not increase the latency time in the hot plate test. Like indomethacin (10mg/kg), the fraction at the dose of 150 mg/kg caused ulceration of the gastric mucous membrane in treated rats. These results show that Allanblackia monticola has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with gastric ulcerative side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Laure Nguemfo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, PO Box 812, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
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Chapagain BP, Wiesman Z. Larvicidal Properties of the Three Major Furostanol Saponins of Balanites aegyptiaca Fruit Mesocarp against Aedes agypti Mosquito Larvae. Nat Prod Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various biological activities, saponin-rich extracts have been found to be larvicidal against mosquito larvae; however, no study so far has reported using pure furostanol saponins. In this study, three major furostanol saponins: 26-( O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3β,22,26-trihydroxyfurost-5-ene 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 26-( O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-22- O-methylfurost-5-ene-3β,26-diol 3- O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and 26-( O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-22- O-methylfurost-5-ene.3β,26-diol 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from methanol extracts of the fruit mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (desert date). Their identification was carried out by ESI-MSn and structures were elucidated by 800 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy. The larvicidal properties of these saponins against the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae were evaluated. Results suggest that all three saponins possess larvicidal activity, but the activity was found to be related to the structure of the saponins, basically in the C-22 position of the aglycone and in the oligosaccharide chain. A furostanol saponin that presents -OCH3 at the C-22 position compared to an -OH group, and the lack of a xylose molecule compared to its presence is found to be more larvicidal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P. Chapagain
- The Phyto-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zeev Wiesman
- The Phyto-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Costa S, Utan A, Cervellati R, Speroni E, Guerra MC. Catechins: natural free-radical scavengers against ochratoxin A-induced cell damage in a pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK1). Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1910-7. [PMID: 17548142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Besides aflatoxin B1, recent findings suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in the toxicity of an other mycotoxin: ochratoxin A (OTA). The protective effect of two catechins (epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG, and epicatechin gallate, ECG) against OTA-induced cytotoxicity was investigated in a pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK1). The ability of the catechins to reduce ROS production and DNA fragmentation induced by OTA was also investigated. Our experiments proved the significant cytoprotective effects of the molecules in vitro from OTA-induced cell damage. In particular a 24h pre-treatment with EGCG or ECG restored cell viability with respect to OTA alone. Pre-treatment with EGCG at low concentration for 8 days protected cells from OTA-induced cell death. Moreover both catechins reduced OTA-induced ROS production. A reduction of OTA-induced DNA fragmentation was found for LLC-PK1 cells pre-treated with EGCG and ECG. The free-radical scavenging capacity of both catechins was tested with the Briggs-Rauscher oscillating method (pH approximately 2) and the TEAC assay (pH 7.4). The results show a good scavenging power according with inhibition of ROS production. Catechins could be useful to develop alimentary strategies for both humans and animals to prevent OTA-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Bologna University, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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. CG, . PG, . PD, . MF, . JD. Nematocidal Compounds from the Seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca Isolation and Structure Elucidation. INT J PHARMACOL 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2007.280.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Speroni E, Cervellati R, Costa S, Dall'Acqua S, Guerra MC, Panizzolo C, Utan A, Innocenti G. Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity ofCyclamen repandum S. et S. Phytother Res 2007; 21:684-9. [PMID: 17444577 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
According to folk medicine some species belonging to the genus Cyclamen were used for their biological activities. Early investigation of the different species of the genus resulted in the isolation of triterpenic saponins. No phytochemical and biological data are available on C. repandum. As part of a series of phytochemical investigations for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, Cyclamen repandum S. et S. was investigated. The present study sought to find the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities of C. repandum tubers in rats and mice. A preliminary screening was conducted with three different extracts in the tests used, particularly the paw edema and the writhing tests. Subsequently some saponins isolated from the ME extract, the more effective one, have been identified. This paper also describes the results of fractionation and bioassay guided chemical studies. Chemical investigation of the active extract afforded the isolation and characterization of six triterpenic saponins. The possible antiinflammatory and analgesic properties were investigated as the saponin content of the fractions allows to speculate on such aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Speroni
- Department of Pharmacology, via Irnerio 48, Bologna University, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Tseng SH, Lee HH, Chen LG, Wu CH, Wang CC. Effects of three purgative decoctions on inflammatory mediators. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 105:118-24. [PMID: 16310993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), there are three Cheng-Chi-Tang decoctions (CCTDs) including: Ta-Cheng-Chi-Tang (TCCT), Xiao-Chen-Chi-Tang (XCCT) and Tiao-Wei-Chen-Chi-Tang (TWCCT), which are the frequently used purgative remedies to treat "internal heat"-induced symptoms like a bloated and painful abdomen, hard stools and fever, etc. Constituents in each formulation are Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae), Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (Magnoliaceae), Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), Mirabilitum (mirabilite, crystals of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4) for TCCT; Rheum palmatum, Magnolia officinalis, Citrus aurantium for XCCT; and Rheum palmatum, Mirabilitum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Leguminosae) for TWCCT. However, the underlying mechanisms for purging internal pathological heat are far from fully clarified, and few scientific investigations have been carried out to delineate the relationships between the anti-inflammatory effects and laxative potencies of these formulations. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the three CCTDs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 cells, carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and the laxative effect in mice were explored. The results showed that TCCT inhibited LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells more effectively than did XCCT or TWCCT. Moreover, paw edema of carrageenan-treated mice was significantly attenuated in mice pretreated with 1 g/kg TCCT. TCCT also showed the strongest purgative activity among the three formulations. These findings indicate that TCCT has anti-inflammatory effects in addition to its traditionally known purgative activities. It may have potential to treat inflammatory disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hui Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
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