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Cao D, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Wu T, Xiang Y, Ji Z, Guo J, Zhang X, Xu K, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Psoralea corylifolia L. and its active component isobavachalcone demonstrate antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium abscessus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118142. [PMID: 38583730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae) is a traditional medicinal herb used to treat various diseases, including kidney disease, asthma, psoriasis and vitiligo. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the antibacterial activity of Psoralea corylifolia L. and its bioactive components against Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra high performance liquid chromatography was utilized to analyze the bioactive fractions and compounds present in 30%, 60%, and 90% ethanol extracts of Psoralea corylifolia L.. The antibacterial effects of Psoralea corylifolia L. and potential active ingredients were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The bactericidal activity of the active ingredient isobavachalcone was evaluated and then scanning electron microscopy was used to explore the bactericidal mechanism of isobavachalcone. RESULTS The 90% ethanol extracts of Psoralea corylifolia L. showed significant antibacterial activity against M. abscessus, with an MIC of 156 μg/mL. Isobavachalcone was identified as the bioactive ingredient, and testing of 118 clinical isolates of M. abscessus indicated their MICs ranged from 2 to 16 μg/mL, with an average MIC of 8 μg/mL. Furthermore, the minimum bactericidal concentration/MIC ratio and the time-kill test indicated rapid bactericidal activity of isobavachalcone against M. abscessus. Finally, we found that the bactericidal mechanism of isobavachalcone involved damage to the bacterial cell membrane, causing wrinkled and sunken cell surface and a noticeable reduction in bacterial length. CONCLUSION Psoralea corylifolia L. ethanol extracts as well as its active component isobavachalcone show promising antimicrobial activity against M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zunjing Zhang
- Lishui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to the Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Lishui, 323020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Lishui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to the Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Lishui, 323020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Lishui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to the Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Lishui, 323020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongda Liu
- Lishui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to the Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Lishui, 323020, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Morante-Carriel J, Živković S, Nájera H, Sellés-Marchart S, Martínez-Márquez A, Martínez-Esteso MJ, Obrebska A, Samper-Herrero A, Bru-Martínez R. Prenylated Flavonoids of the Moraceae Family: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1211. [PMID: 38732426 PMCID: PMC11085352 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids (PFs) are natural flavonoids with a prenylated side chain attached to the flavonoid skeleton. They have great potential for biological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, and anti-Alzheimer's effects. Medicinal chemists have recently paid increasing attention to PFs, which have become vital for developing new therapeutic agents. PFs have quickly developed through isolation and semi- or full synthesis, proving their high value in medicinal chemistry research. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress of PFs, including natural PFs from the Moraceae family and their pharmacological activities. This information provides a basis for the selective design and optimization of multifunctional PF derivatives to treat multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Morante-Carriel
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Plant Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Agricultural Sciences, Quevedo State Technical University, Av. Quito km. 1 1/2 vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Quevedo 120501, Ecuador
| | - Suzana Živković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Hugo Nájera
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Alcaldía Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Mexico City 05348, Mexico
| | - Susana Sellés-Marchart
- Research Technical Facility, Proteomics and Genomics Division, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Ascensión Martínez-Márquez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - María José Martínez-Esteso
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Anna Obrebska
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Antonio Samper-Herrero
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Roque Bru-Martínez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Multidisciplinary Institute for the Study of the Environment (IMEM), University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Juhi UH, El-Nashar HAS, Al Faruq A, Bhuia MS, Sultana I, Alam S, Abuyousef F, Saleh N, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. Phytochemical analysis and biological investigation of Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm.f.) Swartz. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366889. [PMID: 38638865 PMCID: PMC11024464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cheilanthes tenuifolia is an evergreen ornamental small fern, belonging to the family Pteridaceae, that grows in warm and rocky regions worldwide. Many species of Cheilanthes genus are evidently endowed with important phytochemicals and bioactivities. This study aimed to perform a preliminary phytochemical analysis of Cheilanthes tenuifolia leaves alongside an evaluation of free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and clot lysis activities of extract fractions. Materials and methods: A preliminary phytochemical analysis was done after fractionation of ethanolic extract (ECT) with n-hexane (HCT) and chloroform (CCT). Then, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, egg albumin and RBC membrane stabilization tests, disc diffusion, and human blood clot lysis assays were performed. Results: Phytochemical investigations suggested that the plant is rich in alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids. All obtained fractions exhibited concentration-dependent radical scavenging, inhibition of egg protein denaturation and RBC membrane lysis capacities. Except for antifungal tests, ECT exhibited better DPPH radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and clot lysis capacities than HCT and CCT fractions. However, all fractions exhibited a mild anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: C. tenuifolia might be a good source of antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-atherothrombotic agents. Further studies are required to isolate and characterize the active principles liable for each bioactivity, along with possible molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Habiba Juhi
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A. S. El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Al Faruq
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Syedul Alam
- Forest Botany Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Abuyousef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Na’il Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Zai MJ, Cheesman MJ, Cock IE. Terminalia petiolaris A.Cunn ex Benth. Extracts Have Antibacterial Activity and Potentiate Conventional Antibiotics against β-Lactam-Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1643. [PMID: 37998845 PMCID: PMC10669112 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminalia petiolaris A. Cunn. Ex Benth. (genus: Terminalia, family: Combretaceae) is native to Australia. Terminalia spp. have traditionally been used to treat various ailments, including bacterial infections. Solvents of varying polarity were used to extract compounds from leaves of this species, and the extracts were tested against a panel of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. The methanolic and water extracts showed substantial inhibitory activity against several bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains in both disc diffusion and liquid dilution assays. Combining these extracts with selected conventional antibiotics enhanced the inhibition of bacterial growth for some combinations, while others showed no significant interaction. In total, two synergistic, twenty-five additive, twenty-three non-interactive and one antagonistic interaction were observed. The methanolic and ethyl acetate plant extracts were found to be non-toxic in Artemia franciscana nauplii toxicity assays. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis identified several flavonoid compounds, including miquelianin, trifolin and orientin, which might contribute to the observed activities. The potential modes of these active extracts are further discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Zai
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.J.Z.); (I.E.C.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Matthew James Cheesman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ian Edwin Cock
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.J.Z.); (I.E.C.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY. Characterization and identification of antimicrobial compounds from endophytic Fusarium incarnatum isolated from Cymbidium orchids. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00442-1. [PMID: 37975992 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized and identified the antimicrobial compounds from an endophytic fungus (Fusarium incarnatum (C4)) isolated from the orchid, Cymbidium sp. Chromatographic techniques were employed to separate the bioactive compounds from the crude extracts of F. incarnatum (C4). Following bio-guided fractionation, two fractionated extracts (fractions 1 and 2) of F. incarnatum (C4) exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities against Bacillus cereus (MIC: 0.156 mg/mL) and Ganoderma boninense (MIC: 0.3125 mg/mL), respectively. The active fractions were discovered to comprise of a variety of bioactive compounds with pharmacological importance (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, peptides and fatty acids). Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LCMS) analysis detected the presence of antibacterial (kanzonol N, rifaximin, linoleic acid (d4), cannabisativine, docosanedioic acid, and stearamide) and antifungal components (3-methyl-quinolin-2-ol, prothiocarb, kanzonol N, peganine, 5Z-tridecene, and tetronasin) in fractions 1 and 2, respectively, which may have contributed to the antimicrobial effects. Findings from this study highlighted the important potential of fungal endophytes from medicinal hosts as producers of antimicrobials and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chua RW, Song KP, Ting ASY. Comparative analysis of antimicrobial compounds from endophytic Buergenerula spartinae from orchid. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1057-1072. [PMID: 37597137 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A rare fungal endophyte, identified as Buergenerula spartinae (C28), was isolated from the roots of Cymbidium orchids and was characterised and evaluated for its antimicrobial activities. Bio-guided fractionation revealed 4 fractions from B. spartinae (C28) having antibacterial activities against at least one bacterial pathogen tested (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus). However, inhibitory activities were absent against pathogenic fungi (Ganoderma boninense, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium solani). Fraction 2 and fraction 4 of B. spartinae (C28) exhibited potent antibacterial activities against S. aureus (MIC: 0.078 mg/mL) and B. cereus (MIC: 0.313 mg/mL), respectively. LCMS analysis revealed the presence of antibacterial agents and antibiotics in fraction 2 (benoxinate, pyropheophorbide A, (-)-ormosanine and N-undecylbenzenesulfonic acid) and fraction 4 (kaempferol 3-p-coumarate, 6-methoxy naphthalene acetic acid, levofuraltadone, hinokitiol glucoside, 3-α(S)-strictosidine, pyropheophorbide A, 5'-hydroxystreptomycin, kanzonol N and 3-butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide), which may be responsible for the antibacterial activities observed. Most of the bioactive compounds profiled from the antibacterial fractions were discovered for the first time from endophytic isolates (i.e. from B. spartinae (C28)). Buergenerula spartinae (C28) from Cymbidium sp. is therefore, an untapped resource of bioactive compounds for potential applications in healthcare and commercial industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wei Chua
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Keang Peng Song
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Wang S, Li C, Zhang L, Sun B, Cui Y, Sang F. Isolation and biological activity of natural chalcones based on antibacterial mechanism classification. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117454. [PMID: 37659218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection, which is still one of the leading causes of death in humans, poses an enormous threat to the worldwide public health system. Antibiotics are the primary medications used to treat bacterial diseases. Currently, the discovery of antibiotics has reached an impasse, and due to the abuse of antibiotics resulting in bacterial antibiotic resistance, researchers have a critical desire to develop new antibacterial agents in order to combat the deteriorating antibacterial situation. Natural chalcones, the flavonoids consisting of two phenolic rings and a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, possess a variety of biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and so on. Due to their potent antibacterial properties, natural chalcones possess the potential to become a new treatment for infectious diseases that circumvents existing antibiotic resistance. Currently, the majority of research on natural chalcones focuses on their synthesis, biological and pharmacological activities, etc. A few studies have been conducted on their antibacterial activity and mechanism. Therefore, this review focuses on the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of seventeen natural chalcones. Firstly, seventeen natural chalcones have been classified based on differences in antibacterial mechanisms. Secondly, a summary of the isolation and biological activity of seventeen natural chalcones was provided, with a focus on their antibacterial activity. Thirdly, the antibacterial mechanisms of natural chalcones were summarized, including those that act on bacterial cell membranes, biological macromolecules, biofilms, and quorum sensing systems. This review aims to lay the groundwork for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents based on chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
| | - Feng Sang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
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Cheng H, Zhang D, Wu J, Liu J, Zhou Y, Tan Y, Feng W, Peng C. Interactions between gut microbiota and polyphenols: A mechanistic and metabolomic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154979. [PMID: 37552899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols are a class of naturally sourced compounds with widespread distribution and an extensive array of bioactivities. However, due to their complex constituents and weak absorption, a convincing explanation for their remarkable bioactivity remains elusive for a long time. In recent years, interaction with gut microbiota is hypothesized to be a reasonable explanation of the potential mechanisms for natural compounds especially polyphenols. OBJECTIVES This review aims to present a persuasive explanation for the contradiction between the limited bioavailability and the remarkable bioactivities of polyphenols by examining their interactions with gut microbiota. METHODS We assessed literatures published before April 10, 2023, from several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The keywords used include "polyphenols", "gut microbiota", "short-chain fatty acids", "bile acids", "trimethylamine N-oxide", "lipopolysaccharides" "tryptophan", "dopamine", "intestinal barrier", "central nervous system", "lung", "anthocyanin", "proanthocyanidin", "baicalein", "caffeic acid", "curcumin", "epigallocatechin-3-gallate", "ferulic acid", "genistein", "kaempferol", "luteolin", "myricetin", "naringenin", "procyanidins", "protocatechuic acid", "pterostilbene", "quercetin", "resveratrol", etc. RESULTS: The review first demonstrates that polyphenols significantly alter gut microbiota diversity (α- and β-diversity) and the abundance of specific microorganisms. Polyphenols either promote or inhibit microorganisms, with various factors influencing their effects, such as dosage, treatment duration, and chemical structure of polyphenols. Furthermore, the review reveals that polyphenols regulate several gut microbiota metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, dopamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acids, and lipopolysaccharides. Polyphenols affect these metabolites by altering gut microbiota composition, modifying microbial enzyme activity, and other potential mechanisms. The changed microbial metabolites induced by polyphenols subsequently trigger host responses in various ways, such as acting as intestinal acid-base homeostasis regulators and activating on specific target receptors. Additionally, polyphenols are transformed into microbial derivatives by gut microbiota and these polyphenols' microbial derivatives have many potential advantages (e.g., increased bioactivity, improved absorption). Lastly, the review shows polyphenols maintain intestinal barrier, central nervous system, and lung function homeostasis by regulating gut microbiota. CONCLUSION The interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota provides a credible explanation for the exceptional bioactivities of polyphenols. This review aids our understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind the bioactivity of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
| | - Yaochuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
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Li J, Kang Z, Yu H, Feng Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Dong L, Zhang L, Dong J, Li Y, Ma S. Potent insecticidal activity of Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin peel extract and its main components against aphids. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1295-1304. [PMID: 36349434 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids are significant pests of cash crops and food farm crops. Botanical insecticides are safe for aphid control, especially for organic farming. In this study, Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. peel extract (EDPE), a new botanical insecticide, was investigated for its active compositions against several agricultural aphids. RESULTS The results showed that the EDPE had high insecticidal activity against Sitobion avenae Fabricius, Aphis gossypii Glover, Megoura crassicauda Mordvilko, and Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, with half-lethal concentration (LC50 ) values of 95.92, 81.04, 140.31, and 255.73 mg/L after 48 h of treatment. In the pot culture assay, the aphicidal effects of 25% EDPE soluble liquid (SL) at a concentration of 0.016% were 68.98 ± 5.61%, 79.33 ± 8.27%, and 88.82 ± 3.91% after the first, third, and seventh days of treatment, respectively. Nine compounds were identified by bioactivity-directed fractionation: 4',5'-dimethoxy-6,6-dimethylpyranoisoflavone (1), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxylonchocarpin (2), 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (3), 4-methoxylonchocarpin (4), barbigerone (5), lonchocarpusone (6), 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin (7), 13-homo-13-oxa-6a, 12a-dehydrodeguelin (8) and deguelin (9). Among them, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin (3) showed the highest aphidicidal activity against M. crassicauda, S. avenae, and A. pisum, with LC50 values of 97.24, 140.63, and 112.31 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION These data contribute to a better understanding of the aphicidal activity of EDPE and its main component, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin. This will help to develop new botanical insecticides to contro aphids. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhanhai Kang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hualong Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yingjian Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yujing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yaofa Li
- Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, China
| | - Shujie Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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10
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Wu CZ, Gao MJ, Chen J, Sun XL, Zhang KY, Dai YQ, Ma T, Li HM, Zhang YX. Isobavachalcone Induces Multiple Cell Death in Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:6787. [PMID: 36296386 PMCID: PMC9612085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Standardized treatment guidelines and effective drugs are not available for human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Many efforts have recently been exerted to investigate the efficacy of natural compounds as anticancer agents owing to their low toxicity. However, no study has examined the effects of isobavachalcone (IBC) on the programmed cell death (PCD) of human triple-negative breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. In this study, IBC substantially inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners. In addition, we found that IBC induced multiple cell death processes, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells. The initial mechanism of IBC-mediated cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells involves the downregulation of Akt and p-Akt-473, an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleaved caspases-3 induced apoptosis; the upregulation of RIP3, p-RIP3 and MLKL induced necroptosis; as well as a simultaneous increase in LC3-II/I ratio induced autophagy. In addition, we observed that IBC induced mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby decreasing cellular ATP levels and increasing reactive oxygen species accumulation to induce PCD. These results suggest that IBC is a promising lead compound with anti-TNBC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Mei-Jia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiao-Long Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Ke-Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yi-Qun Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu 233030, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, China
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11
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Konečná K, Diepoltová A, Holmanová P, Jand’ourek O, Vejsová M, Voxová B, Bárta P, Maixnerová J, Trejtnar F, Kučerová-Chlupáčová M. Comprehensive insight into anti-staphylococcal and anti-enterococcal action of brominated and chlorinated pyrazine-based chalcones. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912467. [PMID: 36060765 PMCID: PMC9428509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The greatest threat and medicinal impact within gram-positive pathogens are posed by two bacterial genera, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. Chalcones have a wide range of biological activities and are recognized as effective templates in medicinal chemistry. This study provides comprehensive insight into the anti-staphylococcal and anti-enterococcal activities of two recently published brominated and chlorinated pyrazine-based chalcones, CH-0y and CH-0w. Their effects against 4 reference and 12 staphylococcal and enterococcal clinical isolates were evaluated. Bactericidal action, the activity in combination with selected conventional antibiotics, the study of post-antimicrobial effect (PAE, PAE/SME), and in vitro and in vivo toxicity, were included. In CH-0y, anti-staphylococcal activity ranging from MIC = 15.625 to 62.5 μM, and activity against E. faecium from 31.25 to 62.5 μM was determined. In CH-0w, anti-staphylococcal activity ranging from 31.25 to 125 μM, and activity against E. faecium and E. faecalis (62.5 μM) was revealed. Both CH-0y and CH-0w showed bactericidal action, beneficial impact on bacterial growth delay within PAE and PAE/SME studies, and non/low toxicity in vivo. Compared to CH-0w, CH-0y seems to have higher anti-staphylococcal and less toxic potential. In conclusion, chalcones CH-0y and CH-0w could be considered as structural pattern for future adjuvants to selected antibiotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Konečná
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Klára Konečná,
| | - Adéla Diepoltová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Holmanová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Jand’ourek
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Marcela Vejsová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Barbora Voxová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Pavel Bárta
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jana Maixnerová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - František Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Marta Kučerová-Chlupáčová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Marta Kučerová-Chlupáčová,
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12
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Prenylated Flavonoids in Topical Infections and Wound Healing. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144491. [PMID: 35889363 PMCID: PMC9323352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review presents prenylated flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of topical skin infections and wounds, as they can restore the balance in the wound microenvironment. A thorough two-stage search of scientific papers published between 2000 and 2022 was conducted, with independent assessment of results by two reviewers. The main criteria were an MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of up to 32 µg/mL, a microdilution/macrodilution broth method according to CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) or EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing), pathogens responsible for skin infections, and additional antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and low cytotoxic effects. A total of 127 structurally diverse flavonoids showed promising antimicrobial activity against pathogens affecting wound healing, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus strains, but only artocarpin, diplacone, isobavachalcone, licochalcone A, sophoraflavanone G, and xanthohumol showed multiple activity, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory along with low cytotoxicity important for wound healing. Although prenylated flavonoids appear to be promising in wound therapy of humans, and also animals, their activity was measured only in vitro and in vivo. Future studies are, therefore, needed to establish rational dosing according to MIC and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values, test potential toxicity to human cells, measure healing kinetics, and consider formulation in smart drug release systems and/or delivery technologies to increase their bioavailability.
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13
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Xing N, Meng X, Wang S. Isobavachalcone: A comprehensive review of its plant sources, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, pharmacological activities and related molecular mechanisms. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3120-3142. [PMID: 35684981 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC), also known as isobapsoralcone, is a natural flavonoid widely derived from many medicinal plants, including Fabaceae, Moraceae, and so forth. IBC has been paid more and more attention by researchers in recent years due to its pharmacological activity in many diseases. This review aims to describe in detail the plant sources, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, pharmacological activities, and molecular mechanisms of IBC on various diseases. We found that IBC can be obtained not only by extraction but also by chemical synthesis. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that IBC has low bioavailability, but can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and is widely distributed in the brain. Its pharmacological activities mainly include anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, neuroprotective, bone protection, and other activities. In particular, IBC shows strong anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential due to its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, due to its hepatotoxicity, there may be more drug interactions. Therefore, more and more in-depth studies are needed for its clinical application. Mechanically, IBC can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit AKT, ERK, and Wnt pathways, and promote apoptosis of cancer cells through mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum pathways. IBC can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and the production of multiple inflammatory mediators by activating NRF2/HO-1 pathway, thus producing anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, we discussed the limitations of current research on IBC and put forward some new perspectives and challenges, which provide a strong basis for clinical application and new drug development of IBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Recent Advancements in Enhancing Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Derived Polyphenols by Biochemical Means. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plants are a reservoir of phytochemicals, which are known to possess several beneficial health properties. Along with all the secondary metabolites, polyphenols have emerged as potential replacements for synthetic additives due to their lower toxicity and fewer side effects. However, controlling microbial growth using these preservatives requires very high doses of plant-derived compounds, which limits their use to only specific conditions. Their use at high concentrations leads to unavoidable changes in the organoleptic properties of foods. Therefore, the biochemical modification of natural preservatives can be a promising alternative to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of plant-derived compounds/polyphenols. Amongst these modifications, low concentration of ascorbic acid (AA)–Cu (II), degradation products of ascorbic acid (DPAA), Maillard reaction products (MRPs), laccase–mediator (Lac–Med) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP)–H2O2 systems standout. This review reveals the importance of plant polyphenols, their role as antimicrobial agents, the mechanism of the biochemical methods and the ways these methods may be used in enhancing the antimicrobial potency of the plant polyphenols. Ultimately, this study may act as a base for the development of potent antimicrobial agents that may find their use in food applications.
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15
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Abou Baker DH. An ethnopharmacological review on the therapeutical properties of flavonoids and their mechanisms of actions: A comprehensive review based on up to date knowledge. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:445-469. [PMID: 35340621 PMCID: PMC8943219 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids -a class of low molecular weight secondary metabolites- are ubiquitous and cornucopia throughout the plant kingdom. Structurally, the main structure consists of C6-C3-C6 rings with different substitution patterns so that many sub-classes are obtained, for example: flavonols, flavonolignans, flavonoid glycosides, flavans, anthocyanidins, aurones, anthocyanidins, flavones, neoflavonoids, chalcones, isoflavones, flavones and flavanones. Flavonoids are evaluated to have drug like nature since they possess different therapeutic activities, and can act as cardioprotective, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and also work against Alzheimer's disease and others. However, information on the relationship between their structure and biological activity is scarce. Therefore, the present review tries to summarize all the therapeutic activities of flavonoids, their mechanisms of action and the structure activity relationship. Latest updated ethnopharmacological review of the therapeutic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are attracting attention because of their therapeutic properties. Flavonoids are valuable candidates for drug development against many dangerous diseases. This overview summarizes the most important therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of flavonoids. General knowledge about the structure activity relationship of flavonoids is summarized. Substitution of chemical groups in the structure of flavonoids can significantly change their biological and chemical properties. The chemical properties of the basic flavonoid structure should be considered in a drug-based structural program.
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16
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In Silico Screening of Potential Phytocompounds from Several Herbs against SARS-CoV-2 Indian Delta Variant B.1.617.2 to Inhibit the Spike Glycoprotein Trimer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In October 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 lineage was discovered in India. It has since become a prominent variant in several Indian regions and 156 countries, including the United States of America. The lineage B.1.617.2 is termed the delta variant, harboring diverse spike mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which may heighten its immune evasion potentiality and cause it to be more transmissible than other variants. As a result, it has sparked substantial scientific investigation into the development of effective vaccinations and anti-viral drugs. Several efforts have been made to examine ancient medicinal herbs known for their health benefits and immune-boosting action against SARS-CoV-2, including repurposing existing FDA-approved anti-viral drugs. No efficient anti-viral drugs are available against the SARS-CoV-2 Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. In this study, efforts were made to shed light on the potential of 603 phytocompounds from 22 plant species to inhibit the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. We also compared these compounds with the standard drug ceftriaxone, which was already suggested as a beneficial drug in COVID-19 treatment; these compounds were compared with other FDA-approved drugs: remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, lopinavir, and ritonavir. From the analysis, the identified phytocompounds acteoside (−7.3 kcal/mol) and verbascoside (−7.1 kcal/mol), from the plants Clerodendrum serratum and Houttuynia cordata, evidenced a strong inhibitory effect against the mutated NTD (MT-NTD). In addition, the phytocompounds kanzonol V (−6.8 kcal/mol), progeldanamycin (−6.4 kcal/mol), and rhodoxanthin (−7.5 kcal/mol), from the plant Houttuynia cordata, manifested significant prohibition against RBD. Nevertheless, the standard drug, ceftriaxone, signals less inhibitory effect against MT-NTD and RBD with binding affinities of −6.3 kcal/mol and −6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. In this study, we also emphasized the pharmacological properties of the plants, which contain the screened phytocompounds. Our research could be used as a lead for future drug design to develop anti-viral drugs, as well as for preening the Siddha formulation to control the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2 and other future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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17
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Zhang QH, Huang HZ, Qiu M, Wu ZF, Xin ZC, Cai XF, Shang Q, Lin JZ, Zhang DK, Han L. Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, and Molecular Mechanisms of Licorice in Potential Therapy of COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719758. [PMID: 34899289 PMCID: PMC8661450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global challenge, and although vaccines have been developed, it is expected that mild to moderate patients will control their symptoms, especially in developing countries. Licorice, not only a food additive, but also a common traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has several pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, detoxification, antibacterial, antitussive, and immunomodulatory effects, especially in respiratory diseases. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizin diamine and glycyrrhizin extract have been widely studied and used in COVID-19 clinical trials. Therefore, it is a very interesting topic to explore the material basis, pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanism of licorice in adjuvant treatment of COVID-19. In this paper, the material basis of licorice for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is deeply analyzed, and there are significant differences among different components in different pharmacological mechanisms. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory factors and inflammatory mediators by blocking the binding of ACE 2 to virus spike protein, and exert antiviral and antibacterial effects. Immune cells are stimulated by multiple targets and pathways to interfere with the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Liquiritin can prevent and cure COVID-19 by simulating type I interferon. It is suggested that licorice can exert its therapeutic advantage through multi-components and multi-targets. To sum up, licorice has the potential to adjuvant prevent and treat COVID-19. It not only plays a significant role in anti-inflammation and anti-ACE-2, but also significantly improves the clinical symptoms of fever, dry cough and shortness of breath, suggesting that licorice is expected to be a candidate drug for adjuvant treatment of patients with early / mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhan-Chang Xin
- Gansu Qilian Mountain Pharmaceutical Limited Liability Company, Jiuquan, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Pengzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Pengzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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18
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Osman M, Kasir D, Rafei R, Kassem II, Ismail MB, El Omari K, Dabboussi F, Cazer C, Papon N, Bouchara JP, Hamze M. Trends in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in the Middle East and North Africa region. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:935-968. [PMID: 34766622 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis corresponds to a broad series of infections, mostly superficial, caused by a group of keratinophilic and keratinolytic filamentous fungi called dermatophytes. These mycoses are currently considered to be a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as those in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Here we compiled and discussed existing epidemiologic data on these infections in the MENA region. Most of the available studies were based on conventional diagnostic strategies and were published before the last taxonomic revision of dermatophytes. This has led to misidentifications, which might have resulted in the underestimation of the real burden of these infections in the MENA countries. Our analysis of the available literature highlights an urgent need for further studies based on reliable diagnostic tools and standard susceptibility testing methods for dermatophytosis, which represents a major challenge for these countries. This is crucial for guiding appropriate interventions and activating antifungal stewardship programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dalal Kasir
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Mohamad Bachar Ismail
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Khaled El Omari
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Quality Control Center Laboratories, Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture of Tripoli and North Lebanon, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Casey Cazer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
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19
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Martinengo P, Arunachalam K, Shi C. Polyphenolic Antibacterials for Food Preservation: Review, Challenges, and Current Applications. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102469. [PMID: 34681518 PMCID: PMC8536111 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural alternatives replacing artificial additives have gained much attention in the consumer’s view because of the growing search for clean label products that are devoid of carcinogenic and toxic effects. Plant polyphenols are considered as suitable alternative natural preservatives with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, their uses in the food industry are undermined by a series of limitations such as low solubility and stability during food processing and storage, lack of standardization, and undesirable organoleptic properties. Different approaches in the use of polyphenols have been proposed in order to overcome the current hurdles related to food preservation. This review article specifically focuses on the antibacterial activity of plant-derived polyphenols as well as their applications as food preservatives, main challenges, and other trends in the food industry.
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20
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Phutdhawong W, Chuenchid A, Taechowisan T, Sirirak J, Phutdhawong WS. Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Coumarin-3-Carboxamide Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061653. [PMID: 33809679 PMCID: PMC8002271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel coumarin-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized to evaluate their biological activities. The compounds showed little to no activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but specifically showed potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. In particular, among the tested compounds, 4-fluoro and 2,5-difluoro benzamide derivatives (14b and 14e, respectively) were found to be the most potent derivatives against HepG2 cancer cell lines (IC50 = 2.62-4.85 μM) and HeLa cancer cell lines (IC50 = 0.39-0.75 μM). The activities of these two compounds were comparable to that of the positive control doxorubicin; especially, 4-flurobenzamide derivative (14b) exhibited low cytotoxic activity against LLC-MK2 normal cell lines, with IC50 more than 100 μM. The molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds revealed the binding to the active site of the CK2 enzyme, indicating that the presence of the benzamide functionality is an important feature for anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Phutdhawong
- Department of Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kamphaeng Sean Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Apiwat Chuenchid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (A.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Thongchai Taechowisan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Jitnapa Sirirak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (A.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Waya S. Phutdhawong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (A.C.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-34-255797
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21
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Moh LG, Etienne PT, Jules-Roger K. Seasonal Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Artisanal Yoghurt and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:6674644. [PMID: 33628770 PMCID: PMC7895560 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6674644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microbiological quality of artisanal yoghurt marketed in some regions of Cameroon was evaluated during the dry and rainy seasons alongside three commercial brands and the susceptibility of isolates to some conventional antibiotics. A total of ninety-six (96) samples were collected, and the microbiological quality was based on the total count of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli and cocci) as well as the identification of species present using identification kits. The susceptibility of isolates was determined using the microdilution method. The lactobacillus counts of locally made yoghurts during both seasons were lower than those of the commercial samples. However, there was a general reduction of viable count of lactobacilli within the samples during the rainy season when compared to the dry season while a general increase in the total coccus count was observed during the rainy season except samples from Bamenda which instead decreased. Five (5) Lactobacillus species belonging to one genera were identified from 29 lactobacillus isolates. Lactobacillus bulgaricus was the highest (64.28%), present in 71.42%, 50.00%, 33.33%, and 33.33% (dry season) compared to 85.71%, 100%, 33.33%, and 25.00% (rainy season) from Bamenda, Dschang, Bafoussam, and commercial, respectively. More so, 14 cocci, 3 coccobacilli, and 1 rod species belonging to 5, 3, and 1 genera were identified, from 74 cocci, 12 coccobacilli, and 3 rod isolates, respectively, with Streptococcus thermophilus being the highest (35.55%). However, 93.33% of the lactobacillus isolates were very sensitive to the antibiotics used, while only 20% of cocci were sensitive. This result suggests that the paucity of the appropriate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and presence of pathogenic LAB caused by the absence of quality control and ignorance might hinder its health benefits and protection offered to consumers with a resultant exposure to high risk of food borne infection and intoxication coupled to the resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamye Glory Moh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pamo Tedonkeng Etienne
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Kuiate Jules-Roger
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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22
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Pharmacological review of isobavachalcone, a naturally occurring chalcone. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105483. [PMID: 33577976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC), a naturally occurring chalcone, is mainly isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia Linn. IBC demonstrates multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, neuroprotective, and among others. Several potential targets of IBC, such as AKT, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), have been identified. The pharmacokinetic profiles of IBC have been reported as well. In this review, the pharmacological activities, the underlying mechanisms, the potential targets, and the pharmacokinetic profiles of IBC were summarized. IBC might be a promising lead compound for drug discovery.
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23
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Pollo LAE, Martin EF, Machado VR, Cantillon D, Wildner LM, Bazzo ML, Waddell SJ, Biavatti MW, Sandjo LP. Search for Antimicrobial Activity Among Fifty-Two Natural and Synthetic Compounds Identifies Anthraquinone and Polyacetylene Classes That Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:622629. [PMID: 33537021 PMCID: PMC7847937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.622629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens to undermine global control programs by limiting treatment options. New antimicrobial drugs are required, derived from new chemical classes. Natural products offer extensive chemical diversity and inspiration for synthetic chemistry. Here, we isolate, synthesize and test a library of 52 natural and synthetic compounds for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We identify seven compounds as antimycobacterial, including the natural products isobavachalcone and isoneorautenol, and a synthetic chromene. The plant-derived secondary metabolite damnacanthal was the most active compound with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 13.07 μg/mL and a favorable selectivity index value. Three synthetic polyacetylene compounds demonstrated antimycobacterial activity, with the lowest MIC of 17.88 μg/mL. These results suggest new avenues for drug discovery, expanding antimicrobial compound chemistries to novel anthraquinone and polyacetylene scaffolds in the search for new drugs to treat drug-resistant bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A E Pollo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Erlon F Martin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daire Cantillon
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Muraro Wildner
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luiza Bazzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Simon J Waddell
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Maique W Biavatti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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24
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Sá IS, Neves KO, Guimarães AC, da Silva FM, Nunomura RDC. Chalcones and flavans from the bark of Brosimum acutifolium subsp. interjectum (Moraceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Wu Q, Tian AL, Durand S, Aprahamian F, Nirmalathasan N, Xie W, Liu P, Zhao L, Zhang S, Pan H, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Madeo F, Tu Y, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Isobacachalcone induces autophagy and improves the outcome of immunogenic chemotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1015. [PMID: 33243998 PMCID: PMC7690654 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of natural plant products have a long-standing history in both traditional and modern medical applications. Some secondary metabolites induce autophagy and mediate autophagy-dependent healthspan- and lifespan-extending effects in suitable mouse models. Here, we identified isobacachalcone (ISO) as a non-toxic inducer of autophagic flux that acts on human and mouse cells in vitro, as well as mouse organs in vivo. Mechanistically, ISO inhibits AKT as well as, downstream of AKT, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), coupled to the activation of the pro-autophagic transcription factors EB (TFEB) and E3 (TFE3). Cells equipped with a constitutively active AKT mutant failed to activate autophagy. ISO also stimulated the AKT-repressible activation of all three arms of the unfolded stress response (UPR), including the PERK-dependent phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). Knockout of TFEB and/or TFE3 blunted the UPR, while knockout of PERK or replacement of eIF2α by a non-phosphorylable mutant reduced TFEB/TFE3 activation and autophagy induced by ISO. This points to crosstalk between the UPR and autophagy. Of note, the administration of ISO to mice improved the efficacy of immunogenic anticancer chemotherapy. This effect relied on an improved T lymphocyte-dependent anticancer immune response and was lost upon constitutive AKT activation in, or deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg5 from, the malignant cells. In conclusion, ISO is a bioavailable autophagy inducer that warrants further preclinical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ai-Ling Tian
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Fanny Aprahamian
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nitharsshini Nirmalathasan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Wei Xie
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hui Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Didac Carmona-Gutierrez
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France. .,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Karolinska Institutet, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Ušjak D, Dinić M, Novović K, Ivković B, Filipović N, Stevanović M, Milenković MT. Methoxy-Substituted Hydroxychalcone Reduces Biofilm Production, Adhesion and Surface Motility of Acinetobacter baumannii by Inhibiting ompA Gene Expression. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000786. [PMID: 33188577 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An increasing lack of available therapeutic options against Acinetobacter baumannii urged researchers to seek alternative ways to fight this extremely resistant nosocomial pathogen. Targeting its virulence appears to be a promising strategy, as it offers considerably reduced selection of resistant mutants. In this study, we tested antibiofilm potential of four synthetic chalcone derivatives against A. baumannii. Compound that showed the greatest activity was selected for further evaluation of its antivirulence properties. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of biofilm-associated virulence factor genes (ompA, bap, abaI) in treated A. baumannii strains. Also, we examined virulence properties related to the expression of these genes, such as fibronectin- and collagen-mediated adhesion, surface motility, and quorum-sensing activity. The results revealed that the expression of all tested genes is downregulated together with the reduction of adhesion and motility. The conclusion is that 2'-hydroxy-2-methoxychalcone exhibits antivirulence activity against A. baumannii by inhibiting the expression of ompA and bap genes, which is reflected in reduced biofilm formation, adhesion, and surface motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Ušjak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444/a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Novović
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444/a, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Ivković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magdalena Stevanović
- Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina T Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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27
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Njeru SN, Muema JM. Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical characterization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. extracts. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05195. [PMID: 33083626 PMCID: PMC7551365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspilia pluriseta is associated with various bioactivities, although with limited scientific justification. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity, and characterized the phytochemicals of root extracts of A. pluriseta aimed at validating its therapeutic potential. We used BACTEC MGIT™ 960 system to test for antitubercular activity, disc-diffusion together with the microdilution method to evaluate antimicrobial activities and qualitative phytochemical tests together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to determine the phytochemicals that associated with A. pluriseta extracts activity. We show that methanolic crude extract (at 1 g/mL) had high Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) inhibitory activity (0 growth unit) and considerable potency against Escherichia coli (11.7 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (9.0 mm), and Candida albicans (7.7 mm). All the extract fractions exerted remarkable antimycobacterial activities with minimum inhibitory activity of between 6.26 – 25 μg/mL. The highest antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether and dichloromethane fraction was against E. coli at inhibition zone diameters of 8.3 mm, and 8.0 mm, respectively, while ethyl acetate fraction was against S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 8.7 mm. Methanolic fraction exhibited broad-spectrum activity against 87.5% of the tested microbes (inhibition zones 6.3–8.3 mm). Furthermore, we qualitatively detected terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics such as flavonoids, and anthraquinones in extract fractions. GC-MS analysis detected an abundance of fatty acid esters, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester-hexadecanoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxy propyl ester-octadecanoic acid and four alkanes. Taken together, we show that A. pluriseta extract fractions (especially ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions) have strong selective antitubercular activity, and thus, we scientifically validate the use of A. pluriseta as a potential source for the discovery of novel antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sospeter N Njeru
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Health Sciences, Kisii University, PO Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Jackson M Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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28
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Biharee A, Sharma A, Kumar A, Jaitak V. Antimicrobial flavonoids as a potential substitute for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104720. [PMID: 32910994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death in 21st century due to antimicrobial resistance and scarcity of new molecules to undertake rising infections. There could be a multiple reasons behind antimicrobial resistance whether it is increased drug metabolism or bacterial endotoxins. The demand of effective medication is increasing day by day to treat microbial infections and combat antimicrobial resistance. In recent years most of the synthetic antimicrobials developed resistance so natural products could provide better options to fulfill this demand. There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids because various flavonoids were found to be effective against pathogenic microorganisms. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article will be to explore antimicrobial activity of flavonoids with special focus on their possible mechanism of action. METHODS The article reviewed recent literature related to flavonoids with antimicrobial activity, which were isolated from various sources and the compounds showing fairly good activity against tested microbial species were discussed. RESULTS By throughout literature review it has been found that flavonoids show antimicrobial effect by inhibiting virulence factors, efflux pump, biofilm formation, membrane disruption, cell envelop synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, and bacterial motility inhibition. CONCLUSION Most of the antimicrobial drugs available now a days are ineffective due to development of resistance to them. Flavonoids have the potential to overcome this emerging crisis as this class of natural products showed the antimicrobial activity by different mechanisms than those of conventional drugs, so flavonoid could be an effective treatment of pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadh Biharee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India..
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29
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Ngameni B, Erdoğan M, Kuete V, Dalkılıç E, Ngadjui BT, Daştan A. Synthesis and structural characterization of novel O-substituted phenolic and chalcone derivatives with antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820932789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 4- O-alkyltriazolylphenolic derivatives is first synthesized with good to excellent yields via the click reaction of 3-methoxy-4- O-propargylbenzaldehyde or 3-allyl-4- O-propargylacetophenone and aromatic azide derivatives. Next, the chalcones are prepared via the Claisen-Schmidt method from 4- O-alkylphenylketone derivatives in the presence of the corresponding (hetero)aromatic aldehydes as electrophiles. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds are confirmed from their infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data, and by elemental analysis. The main advantages of this procedure are the simplicity of the reaction conditions, easily available starting materials, and simple work-up. The antioxidant activity of several of the products is determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenging assay. 4- O-propargylvanillin (IC50 = 14.54 µg/mL) had moderate antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bathélémy Ngameni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Musa Erdoğan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Erdin Dalkılıç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Arif Daştan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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30
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Natural Chalcones in Chinese Materia Medica: Licorice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3821248. [PMID: 32256642 PMCID: PMC7102474 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3821248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is an important Chinese materia medica frequently used in clinical practice, which contains more than 20 triterpenoids and 300 flavonoids. Chalcone, one of the major classes of flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities and is widely distributed in nature. To date, about 42 chalcones have been isolated and identified from licorice. These chalcones play a pivotal role when licorice exerts its pharmacological effects. According to the research reports, these compounds have a wide range of biological activities, containing anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiviral, antidiabetic, antidepressive, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. This review aims to summarize structures and biological activities of chalcones from licorice. We hope that this work can provide a theoretical basis for the further studies of chalcones from licorice.
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Reis SVD, Couto NMGD, Brust FR, Trentin DS, Silva JKRD, Arruda MSP, Gnoatto SCB, Macedo AJ. Remarkable capacity of brosimine b to disrupt methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) preformed biofilms. Microb Pathog 2020; 140:103967. [PMID: 31911193 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major public health concern representing about 60% of S. aureus isolated from hospitalized patients in countries such as USA and Brazil in the last years. Additionally, the ability to adhere to surfaces and the development of biofilms are important properties of pathogenic bacteria involved in medical device-associated infections, and staphylococci are recognized as the major etiologic agents in these situations. The aim of this study is to evaluate three Brosimum acutifolium flavonoids, 4'-hydroxy-7,8(2″,2″-dimethylpyran)flavan (1), brosimine b (2) and 4-hydroxy-lonchocarpin (3), regarding their antibiofilm, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids 1 and 2 were able to reduce S. aureus viability within preformed biofilms in 73% at 50 μM while 2 also reduced biofilm biomass in 48% at 100 μM. Flavonoid 3 was not able to reduce biofilm biomass at assessed concentrations. When tested against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, 2 (100 μM) reduced 70%-98% of viable bacteria within 24h-old biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentration against the methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25904 was 50 μM for the three compounds. In preliminary assays to evaluate cytotoxicity, 1 was highly hemolytic at concentrations above 50 μM while 2 and 3 did not cause significant hemolysis at 100 μM. The antioxidant activity was observed only in the ethanolic extract and 2. In vivo toxicity evaluations using Galleria mellonella larvae as alternative host model resulted in 83.3% survival for treatment with 1, 76.7% for 2, and 100% for 3 at 500 mg/kg. This study highlights the potential of these flavonoids, especially 2, as antibiofilm agent to control preformed S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Vieira Dos Reis
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nádia Miléo Garcês de Couto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Roberta Brust
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade Inedi, CESUCA, Cachoeririnha, RS, Brazil
| | - Danielle Silva Trentin
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Momha R, Kuete V, Pagès JM, Pegnyemb DE, Mosset P. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Four New Ricinoleic Acid-Derived 1- O-alkylglycerols. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020113. [PMID: 32075231 PMCID: PMC7073722 DOI: 10.3390/md18020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel substituted 1-O-alkylglycerols (AKGs) containing methoxy (8), gem-difluoro (9), azide (10) and hydroxy (11) group at 12 position in the alkyl chain were synthesized from commercially available ricinoleic acid (12). The structures of these new synthesized AKGs were established by NMR experiments as well as from the HRMS and elementary analysis data. The antimicrobial activities of the studied AKGs 8-11 were evaluated, respectively, and all compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity to different extents alone and also when combined with some commonly used antibiotics (gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin). AKG 11 was viewed as a lead compound for this series as it exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity than compounds 8-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Momha
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- AGIR, EA 4294, UFR of Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 80037 Amiens, France
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +33-(0)666-752-553 (R.M.); +33-(0)223-237-336 (P.M.)
| | - Victor Kuete
- University of Dschang, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon;
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA. Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France;
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRBA. Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France;
| | | | - Paul Mosset
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiquesde Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +33-(0)666-752-553 (R.M.); +33-(0)223-237-336 (P.M.)
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Ho TC, Chun BS. Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. Using Subcritical Water and Conventional Solvents: A Comparison Study. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1201-1207. [PMID: 30942900 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the recovery of antioxidative compounds obtained from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. and their biological activities using subcritical water in comparison with hot water, Soxhlet, and methanol extraction. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and three commonly used assays, that is, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and ferric reducing antioxidant power, were employed to measure the number of valuable compounds and their antioxidant capacities, respectively. Additionally, the antimicrobial ability of the various extracts against seven pathogenic bacteria strains was assessed. The results demonstrated that the extracts obtained from subcritical water extraction (SWE) contain the highest amount of saponin (33.82 ± 2.08 mg diosgenin/g), phenolic (34.87 ± 0.29 mg CE/g), and protein (104.66 ± 7.63 mg BSA/g), which are obtained at 170 °C, 190 °C, and 230 °C, respectively. The highest amounts of total sugar and flavonoids (211.73 ± 1.58 mg glucose/g and 20.71 ± 0.42 mg RE/g, respectively) were obtained at lower temperature (130 °C and 130 °C, respectively), and these values were higher than those obtained from hot water, Soxhlet, and methanol extraction. HPLC analysis indicated that the highest amount of apigenin (3.46 ± 0.03 mg/g) and kaempferol (2.43 ± 0.03 mg/g) were obtained by SWE at 170 °C and 190 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the extracts from SWE exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against five of the seven pathogenic bacterial strains tested compared with those obtained from conventional extraction methods. Therefore, subcritical water could be utilized as a cost-effective and green solvent to extract valuable compounds from P. palatiferum (Nees) Radlk. leaf. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Subcritical water was able to recover more bioactive compounds from the sample, such as phenolics, flavonoids, saponin, protein, and polysaccharides, than conventional solvents. The mixture of polyphenolic-polysaccharide-protein conjugates could be used in further steps, isolation, and purification, and applied to functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Cong Ho
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National Univ., 45 Yongso-ro Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea, 608-737
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National Univ., 45 Yongso-ro Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea, 608-737
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Lima NM, Cursino-Hron LM, Lima AM, Souza JV, de Oliveira AC, Marinho JV, Nunez CV. Antifungal activity of extracts and phenolic compounds from Deguelia duckeana. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Farhadi F, Khameneh B, Iranshahi M, Iranshahy M. Antibacterial activity of flavonoids and their structure-activity relationship: An update review. Phytother Res 2018; 33:13-40. [PMID: 30346068 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on World Health Organization reports, resistance of bacteria to well-known antibiotics is a major global health challenge now and in the future. Different strategies have been proposed to tackle this problem including inhibition of multidrug resistance pumps and biofilm formation in bacteria and development of new antibiotics with novel mechanism of action. Flavonoids are a large class of natural compounds, have been extensively studied for their antibacterial activity, and more than 150 articles have been published on this topic since 2005. Over the past decade, some promising results were obtained with the antibacterial activity of flavonoids. In some cases, flavonoids (especially chalcones) showed up to sixfold stronger antibacterial activities than standard drugs in the market. Some synthetic derivatives of flavonoids also exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities with 20- to 80-fold more potent activity than the standard drug against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus). This review summarizes the ever changing information on antibacterial activity of flavonoids since 2005, with a special focus on the structure-activity relationship and mechanisms of actions of this broad class of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Farhadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Martinez-Rossi NM, Bitencourt TA, Peres NTA, Lang EAS, Gomes EV, Quaresemin NR, Martins MP, Lopes L, Rossi A. Dermatophyte Resistance to Antifungal Drugs: Mechanisms and Prospectus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1108. [PMID: 29896175 PMCID: PMC5986900 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes comprise pathogenic fungi that have a high affinity for the keratinized structures present in nails, skin, and hair, causing superficial infections known as dermatophytosis. A reasonable number of antifungal drugs currently exist on the pharmaceutical market to control mycoses; however, their cellular targets are restricted, and fungi may exhibit tolerance or resistance to these agents. For example, the stress caused by antifungal and cytotoxic drugs in sub-inhibitory concentrations promotes compensatory stress responses, with the over-expression of genes involved in cellular detoxification, drug efflux, and signaling pathways being among the various mechanisms that may contribute to drug tolerance. In addition, the ATP-binding cassette transporters in dermatophytes that are responsible for cellular efflux can act synergistically, allowing one to compensate for the absence of the other, revealing the complexity of drug tolerance phenomena. Moreover, mutations in genes coding for target enzymes could lead to substitutions in amino acids involved in the binding of antifungal agents, hindering their performance and leading to treatment failure. The relevance of each one of these mechanisms of resistance to fungal survival is hard to define, mainly because they can act simultaneously in the cell. However, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the resistance/tolerance processes, the identification of new antifungal targets, as well as the prospective of new antifungal compounds among natural or synthetic products, are expected to bring advances and new insights that facilitate the improvement or development of novel strategies for antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilce M Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamires A Bitencourt
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nalu T A Peres
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Elza A S Lang
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eriston V Gomes
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Natalia R Quaresemin
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maíra P Martins
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucia Lopes
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Babii C, Mihalache G, Bahrin LG, Neagu AN, Gostin I, Mihai CT, Sârbu LG, Birsa LM, Stefan M. A novel synthetic flavonoid with potent antibacterial properties: In vitro activity and proposed mode of action. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194898. [PMID: 29617411 PMCID: PMC5884521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria demands new approaches in finding effective antibacterial agents. Synthetic flavonoids could be a reliable solution due to their important antimicrobial activity. We report here the potent in vitro antibacterial activity of ClCl-flav—a novel synthetic tricyclic flavonoid. The antimicrobial effects were tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), time kill and biofilm formation assays. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the mechanism of action. MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxicity of ClCl-flav. Our results showed that Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive (MIC = 0.24 μg/mL) to ClCl-flav compared to the Gram negative ones (MIC = 3.9 μg/mL). We found that our compound showed significantly enhanced antibacterial activities, 32 to 72-fold more active than other synthetic flavonoids. ClCl-flav showed bactericidal activity at concentrations ranging from 0.48 to 15.62 μg/mL. At twice the MIC, all Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae cells were killed within 1 h. Also ClCl-flav presented good anti-biofilm activity. The mechanism of action is related to the impairment of the cell membrane integrity. No or very low cytotoxicity was evidenced at effective concentrations against Vero cells. Based on the strong antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity assessment, ClCl-flav has a good potential for the design of new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Babii
- Faculty of Biology, Biology Department, The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Integrated Center for Environmental Sciences Studies - North Eastern, CERNESIM, The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Mihalache
- Faculty of Biology, Biology Department, The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Faculty of Biology, Biology Department, The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Gostin
- Faculty of Biology, Biology Department, The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cosmin Teodor Mihai
- Interdisciplinary Research Department – Science, The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Advanced Research and Development Center in Experimental Medicine CEMEX, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” of Iasi, Iași, Romania
| | | | - Lucian Mihail Birsa
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- * E-mail: (SM); (LMB)
| | - Marius Stefan
- Faculty of Biology, Biology Department, The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- * E-mail: (SM); (LMB)
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Shi M, Zeng X, Guo F, Huang R, Feng Y, Ma L, Zhou L, Fu P. Anti-Inflammatory Pyranochalcone Derivative Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:E1683. [PMID: 28994737 PMCID: PMC6151422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) has still been beyond satisfaction, although anti-inflammatory therapy is beneficial for sepsis-induced AKI. Compound 5b was derived from natural pyranochalcones and exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in adjuvant-induced arthritis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects and potential mechanism of 5b against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI. C57BL/6 mice and human renal proximal tubule cell line (HK-2 cell) were treated with LPS, respectively. Compound 5b was orally administrated at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for 5 days before LPS (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection. Cells were pretreated with 25 μg/mL 5b for 30 min before LPS (1 μg/mL) treatment. Pretreatment with 5b markedly alleviated tubular injury and renal dysfunction in LPS-induced AKI. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α both in renal tissue of AKI mice and in the LPS-stimulated HK-2 cell culture medium were reduced by 5b treatment (p < 0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry staining showed that 5b reduced the expression of NF-κB p65 in kidneys. Similarly, 5b decreased the LPS-induced levels of NF-κB p65 and TLR4 proteins in kidneys and HK-2 cells. These data demonstrated that a potent pyranochalcone derivative, 5b, exhibited renoprotective effect against LPS-induced AKI, which was associated with anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fan Guo
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rongshuang Huang
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yanhuan Feng
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Institute, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Efferth T. Potential of Central, Eastern and Western Africa Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy: Spotlight on Resistant Cells and Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28626426 PMCID: PMC5454075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health hurdle worldwide and has moved from the third leading cause of death in the year 1990 to second place after cardiovascular disease since 2013. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment modes; however, its efficiency is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. The present overview deals with the potential of the flora of Central, Eastern and Western African (CEWA) regions as resource for anticancer drug discovery. It also reviews the molecular targets of phytochemicals of these plants such as ABC transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi drug-resistance-related proteins (MRPs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) as well as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB-1/HER1), human tumor suppressor protein p53, caspases, mitochondria, angiogenesis, and components of MAP kinase signaling pathways. Plants with the ability to preferentially kills resistant cancer cells were also reported. Data compiled in the present document were retrieved from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web-of-Science, and Scholar Google. In summary, plant extracts from CEWA and isolated compounds thereof exert cytotoxic effects by several modes of action including caspases activation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. Ten strongest cytotoxic plants from CEWA recorded following in vitro screening assays are: Beilschmiedia acuta Kosterm, Echinops giganteus var. lelyi (C. D. Adams) A. Rich., Erythrina sigmoidea Hua (Fabaceae), Imperata cylindrical Beauv. var. koenigii Durand et Schinz, Nauclea pobeguinii (Pobég. ex Pellegr.) Merr. ex E.M.A., Piper capense L.f., Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms., Uapaca togoensis Pax., Vepris soyauxii Engl. and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Prominent antiproliferative compounds include: isoquinoline alkaloid isotetrandrine (51), two benzophenones: guttiferone E (26) and isoxanthochymol (30), the isoflavonoid 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (9), the naphthyl butenone guieranone A (25), two naphthoquinones: 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and plumbagin (37) and xanthone V1 (46). However, only few research activities in the African continent focus on cytotoxic drug discovery from botanicals. The present review is expected to stimulate further scientific efforts to better valorize the African flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
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Yu S, Yan H, Zhang L, Shan M, Chen P, Ding A, Li SFY. A Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Amentoflavone, a Naturally-Occurring Biflavonoid. Molecules 2017; 22:E299. [PMID: 28212342 PMCID: PMC6155574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amentoflavone (C30H18O10) is a well-known biflavonoid occurring in many natural plants. This polyphenolic compound has been discovered to have some important bioactivities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, and anti-senescence effects on many important reactions in the cardiovascular and central nervous system, etc. Over 120 plants have been found to contain this bioactive component, such as Selaginellaceae, Cupressaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Calophyllaceae plant families. This review paper aims to profile amentoflavone on its plant sources, natural derivatives, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics, and to highlight some existing issues and perspectives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Voukeng IK, Nganou BK, Sandjo LP, Celik I, Beng VP, Tane P, Kuete V. Antibacterial activities of the methanol extract, fractions and compounds from Elaeophorbia drupifera (Thonn.) Stapf. (Euphorbiaceae). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:28. [PMID: 28061888 PMCID: PMC5219710 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Elaeophorbia drupifera (Thonn.) Stapf. (Euphorbiaceae) is used in Cameroonian folk medicine to treat several ailments including bacterial-related diseases such as skin infections. In this study, the methanol extract from the leaves (EDL), fractions (EDLa-d), sub-fractions EDLc1-7 and EDLc31-35 as well as isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activities against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Methods The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the above samples; column chromatography was used for the fractionation and purification of the leaves extract whilst the chemical structures of compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. Results Phytochemical investigation lead to the isolation of a mixture (1:3) of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (1 + 2), euphol (3), sitosterol-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (4), 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid (5), a mixture (1:1) of afzelin and quercetin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (6 + 7), 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), ellagic acid-4-O-β-xylopyranoside-3,3′,4′-trimethyl ether (9) from EDLc. Crude extract and fractions displayed selective activities with MIC values ranged from 32 to 1024 μg/mL for EDL against 84.9% of the 33 tested bacteria, 93.9% for EDLc, 69.7% for EDLb, 33.4% for EDLa and 0.03% for EDLd. MIC values ranged from 16 to 1024 μg/mL were obtained with EDLc3 and EDLc4 on all tested bacteria meanwhile other sub-fractions displayed selective activities. MIC value of 32 μg/mL was obtained with fractions EDLa against Escherichia coli AG100, EDLc against Enterobacer aerogenes ATCC13048 and EA298. For sub-fractions obtained from EDLc, the lowest MIC value of 16 μg/mL was recorded with EDLc3 against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA11. A corresponding value of 8 μg/mL against Providencia stuartii NAE16 was recorded with EDLc33 obtained from further fractionation of EDLc3. EDLc3 had MIC values below 100 μg/mL against all tested bacteria. Compound 5 as well as the mixture (1:1) of 6 and 7 inhibited the growth of all the tested bacteria with MICs ranged from 64 to 256 μg/mL. Conclusion Elaeophorbia drupifera is a potential source of phytomedicine to tackle MDR bacteria. Sub-fraction EDLc3 was more active than all isolated compounds and deserves further investigations to develop natural drug to combat Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and otherwise MDR phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1509-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lopes G, Pinto E, Salgueiro L. Natural Products: An Alternative to Conventional Therapy for Dermatophytosis? Mycopathologia 2016; 182:143-167. [PMID: 27771883 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increased incidence of fungal infections, associated with the widespread use of antifungal drugs, has resulted in the development of resistance, making it necessary to discover new therapeutic alternatives. Among fungal infections, dermatophytoses constitute a serious public health problem, affecting 20-25 % of the world population. Medicinal plants represent an endless source of bioactive molecules, and their volatile and non-volatile extracts are clearly recognized for being the historical basis of therapeutic health care. Because of this, the research on natural products with antifungal activity against dermatophytes has considerably increased in recent years. However, despite the recognized anti-dermatophytic potential of natural products, often advantageous face to commercial drugs, there is still a long way to go until their use in therapeutics. This review attempts to summarize the current status of anti-dermatophytic natural products, focusing on their mechanism of action, the developed pharmaceutical formulations and their effectiveness in human and animal models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciliana Lopes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal. .,Microbiology Service, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CNC.IBILI/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal
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Snow Setzer M, Sharifi-Rad J, Setzer WN. The Search for Herbal Antibiotics: An In-Silico Investigation of Antibacterial Phytochemicals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:E30. [PMID: 27626453 PMCID: PMC5039526 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the emergence and spread of pathogenic bacterial resistance to many antibiotics (multidrug-resistant strains) have been increasing throughout the world. This phenomenon is of great concern and there is a need to find alternative chemotherapeutic agents to combat these antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Higher plants may serve as a resource for new antimicrobials to replace or augment current therapeutic options. In this work, we have carried out a molecular docking study of a total of 561 antibacterial phytochemicals listed in the Dictionary of Natural Products, including 77 alkaloids (17 indole alkaloids, 27 isoquinoline alkaloids, 4 steroidal alkaloids, and 28 miscellaneous alkaloids), 99 terpenoids (5 monoterpenoids, 31 sesquiterpenoids, 52 diterpenoids, and 11 triterpenoids), 309 polyphenolics (87 flavonoids, 25 chalcones, 41 isoflavonoids, 5 neoflavonoids, 12 pterocarpans, 10 chromones, 7 condensed tannins, 11 coumarins, 30 stilbenoids, 2 lignans, 5 phenylpropanoids, 13 xanthones, 5 hydrolyzable tannins, and 56 miscellaneous phenolics), 30 quinones, and 46 miscellaneous phytochemicals, with six bacterial protein targets (peptide deformylase, DNA gyrase/topoisomerase IV, UDP-galactose mutase, protein tyrosine phosphatase, cytochrome P450 CYP121, and NAD⁺-dependent DNA ligase). In addition, 35 known inhibitors were docked with their respective targets for comparison purposes. Prenylated polyphenolics showed the best docking profiles, while terpenoids had the poorest. The most susceptible protein targets were peptide deformylases and NAD⁺-dependent DNA ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Snow Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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Tankeo SB, Damen F, Sandjo LP, Celik I, Tane P, Kuete V. Antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts, fractions and compounds from Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:100-105. [PMID: 27267830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae) is used in folk medicine to treat a variety of human ailments, mainly antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and viral infections. In the present study, the methanol extract from the leaves (HML) and bark (HMB) of this plant as well as fractions (HMBa-c), sub-fractions (HMBa1-5) and compounds isolated from HMBa and HMBb namely betulinic acid (1), madagascin (2), ferruginin A (3) and Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4) were tested for their antimicrobial activities against a panel of 28 g-negative bacteria including multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the above samples; column chromatography was used for the fractionation and purification of the bark extract whilst the chemical structures of compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS Crude extract HMB together with fraction HMBa and sub-fraction HMBa3 were active on the 28 tested bacterial strains. HML as well as fractions HMBb, HMBc and sub-fractions HMBa1, HMBa2, HMBa4 and HMBa5 were selectively active. MIC values below or equal to 1024µg/mL were recorded with these samples on 92.9% (for HML and HMBa 4), 82.1% (for HMBb), 78.6% (for HMBa2), 50.0% (for HMBa5) and 42.9% (for HMBc) tested bacteria. For crude material, the lowest MIC value below 8µg/mL was obtained with HMB against Escherichia coli ATCC10536 and W3110 strains, and with sub-fraction HMBa3 against Klebsiella pneumoniae K2 strains. MIC values below 10µg/mL were recorded with compound 3 against E. coli ATCC10536, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048 and EA294, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, K. pneumoniae K2 and Kp55 and Enterobacter cloacae BM67. CONCLUSIONS Harungana madagascariensis is a potential source of antimicrobial drugs to fight against MDR bacteria. The anthranol 3 is the main antibacterial constituents of the bark of the plant. HMB and compound 3 deserve further investigations to develop natural drug to combat Gram-negative bacteria and otherwise MDR phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simplice B Tankeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francois Damen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ilhami Celik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
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Fl aacute via MLIGMJ, Ana PG, Rita CNP, Let iacute cia PP, Pollyanna FDO, Denise CT, M aacute rcio LAES, Wilson RC, Rosemeire CLRP, Ana HJAR, Patr iacute cia MCAP, Juliana DFATS, Fabiano GAES. Antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of Anacardium othonianum extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2016.6115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Nono ECN, Simo CC, Zeino M, Nkengfack AE, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of seven naturally occurring phenolic compounds towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:856-63. [PMID: 27288921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In medical oncology, multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells continues to be a major impediment. We are in quest of novel anti-proliferative agents to overcome drug-resistant tumor cells. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of 7 naturally occurring phenolic compounds including two isoflavonoids alpinumisoflavone (1) and laburnetin (2), one biflavonoid amentoflavone (3), three lignans pycnanthulignene A (4), pycnanthulignene B (5), and syringaresinol (7) and one xanthone, euxanthone (6) against 9 drug-sensitive and MDR cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analyzed via flow cytometry. RESULTS The IC50 values for the investigational phenolics ranged from 5.91 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 65.65 µM (towards drug-resistant breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) for 1, 27.63 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 107.57 µM (towards MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) for 2, from 5.84 µM (towards CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 65.32 µM (towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells) for 4 and 0.20 µM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000) for doxorubicin. Phenolics 3, 5, 6 and 7 displayed selectivity cytotoxic effects on cancer cells lines. Compounds 1 and 4 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells, mediated by loss of MMP and increase ROS production. CONCLUSIONS The studied phenolics and mostly isoflavonoid 1 and lignan 4 are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Eric C N Nono
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christophe C Simo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Augustin E Nkengfack
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
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Stompor M, Żarowska B. Antimicrobial Activity of Xanthohumol and Its Selected Structural Analogues. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050608. [PMID: 27187329 PMCID: PMC6272900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of structural analogues of xanthohumol 1, a flavonoid compound found in hops (Humulus lupulus). The agar-diffusion method using filter paper disks was applied. Biological tests performed for selected strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, fungi (Alternaria sp.), and yeasts (Rhodotorula rubra, Candida albicans) revealed that compounds with at least one hydroxyl group—all of them have it at the C-4 position—demonstrated good activity. Our research showed that the strain S. aureus was more sensitive to chalcones than to the isomers in which the heterocyclic ring C is closed (flavanones). The strain R. rubra was moderately sensitive to only one compound: 4-hydroxy-4’-methoxychalcone 8. Loss of the hydroxyl group in the B-ring of 4’-methoxychalcones or its replacement by a halogen atom (−Cl, −Br), nitro group (−NO2), ethoxy group (−OCH2CH3), or aliphatic substituent (−CH3, −CH2CH3) resulted in the loss of antimicrobial activity towards both R. rubra yeast and S. aureus bacteria. Xanthohumol 1, naringenin 5, and chalconaringenin 7 inhibited growth of S. aureus, whereas 4-hydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone 8 was active towards two strains: S. aureus and R. rubra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stompor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Barbara Żarowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
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Njeru SN, Obonyo M, Nyambati S, Ngari S, Mwakubambanya R, Mavura H. Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of the organic solvent fractions of Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. ex Vatke: Kenyan traditional medicinal plant. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 5:226-32. [PMID: 27366347 PMCID: PMC4927126 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160416122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: Clerodendrum myricoides is a Kenyan herbal plant used in the management of respiratory diseases. In the current study, we investigated in vitro antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical screening of C. myricoides Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activities of C. myricoides organic fractions against array of microorganisms including: (i) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv, (ii) Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) Klebsiella pneumoniae, (iv) Escherichia coli, (v) Candida albicans, (vi) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (vii) Cryptococcus neoformans, (viii) Salmonella typhi, (ix) Shigella sonnei, and (x) Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were investigated by disc diffusion and microdilution techniques. Antituberculous activity was investigated using BACTEC MGIT 960 system while cytotoxicity was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on HEp-2 cells. Finally, phytochemicals were screened using standard procedures. Results: Methanolic fractions exhibited a broad spectrum activity inhibiting 75% of test pathogens. It had the highest activity with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of ≤62.5 µg/ml recorded against 62.5% tested microbes. It yielded the highest zone of inhibition of 20.3 mm (S. aureus), lowest MIC of <12.5 µg/ml (MTB), and the lowest minimal bactericidal concentration of 62.5 µg/ml (C. albicans), within the acceptable toxicity limit (CC50 >90 µg/ml). The phytochemicals largely believed to be responsible for the observed activity included: Alkaloid, phenols, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Conclusion: Methanolic fraction had remarkable activity against MRSA, S. aureus, E. coli, S. sonnei, C. albicans, and MTB, which are of public health concerns due to drug resistance and as sources of community and nosocomial infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the antituberculous activity of C. myricoides and thence a major output in search of novel, safe drug leads to mitigate the global tuberculosis threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meshack Obonyo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box. 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Samwel Nyambati
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box. 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Silas Ngari
- Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O, Box. 536-20155, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Ramadhan Mwakubambanya
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box. 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Hawa Mavura
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box. 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
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Djeussi DE, Sandjo LP, Noumedem JAK, Omosa LK, T. Ngadjui B, Kuete V. Antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts and compounds from Erythrina sigmoidea against Gram-negative multi-drug resistant phenotypes. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:453. [PMID: 26715029 PMCID: PMC4696315 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In the present study, the methanol extracts from the leaves, as well as compounds namely sigmoidin I (1), atalantoflavone (2), bidwillon A (3), neocyclomorusin (4), 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (5) and neobavaisoflavone (6) (from the bark extract) were tested for their activities against a panel of Gram-negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Methods Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extracts as well as compounds 1–6. Results The MIC results indicated that the crude extracts from the leaves and bark of this plant were able to inhibit the growth of 96.3 % of the 27 tested bacteria. Compounds 2–6 displayed selective activities, their inhibitory effects being obtained on 8.3 %, 41.7 %, 58.3 %, 58.3 % and 66.7 % of tested bacteria respectively for 2, 3, 5, 6 and 4. The lowest MIC value of 8 μg/mL was obtained with 6 against Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Enterobacter cloacae ECCI69, Klebsiella pneumoniae KP55, Providencia stuartii NAE16 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that Erythrina sigmoidea is a potential source of antibacterial drugs to fight against MDR bacteria. Neobavaisoflavone (6) is the main antibacterial consituents of the bark crude extract.
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In vitro antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of the methanol extracts from Beilschmiedia acuta, Clausena anisata, Newbouldia laevis and Polyscias fulva against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:412. [PMID: 26590804 PMCID: PMC4655084 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts from different parts of Beilschmedia acuta Kosterm (Lauraceae), Clausena anisata (Willd) Hook (Rutaceae), Newbouldia laevis Seem (Bignoniaceae) and Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms (Araliaceae) as well as their synergistic effects with antibiotics against a panel of Gram-negative bacteria, including multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes expressing active efflux pumps. Methods Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extracts, as well as those of antibiotics in association with the most active ones, B. acuta, N. laevis and P. fulva. Results MIC values obtained indicate that extracts from the bark of B. acuta were active on all the 26 tested Gram-negative bacteria, with MICs ranging from values below 8 to 256 μg/mL. Other samples displayed selective activities, their inhibitory effects being observed on 9 (34.62 %) of the 26 bacterial strains for N. laevis leaves extract, 6 (23.10 %) for both C. anisata leaves and roots extracts, 7 (26.9 %) and 4 (15.4 %) for leaves and roots extracts of P. fulva respectively. Extract from B. actua bark displayed the best antibacterial activity with MIC values below 100 μg/mL against 16 (61.5 %) of the 26 tested microorganisms. The lowest MIC values (below 8 μg/mL) were obtained with this extract against Escherichia coli W3110 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC11296. The MIC values of this extract were lower than those of ciprofloxacin against E. coli W3110, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, CM64 and Providencia stuartii NAE16. At MIC/2, the best percentages of synergistic effects (100 %), were obtained with B. acuta bark extract and tetracycline (TET) as well as with P. fulva leaves extract and TET and kanamycin (KAN). Conclusion The overall results of the present study provide information for the possible use of the studied plants and mostly Beilschmedia acuta in the control of bacterial infections including MDR phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0944-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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