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Zhan J, Di T, Chen X, Zheng T, Sun W, Yang M, Zhou M, Shen Z, Chen H, Su N. CbMYB108 integrates the regulation of diterpene biosynthesis and trichome development in Conyza blinii against UV-B. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1300-1318. [PMID: 38221803 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Plants synthesize abundant terpenes through glandular trichomes (GTs), thereby protecting themselves from environmental stresses and increasing the economic value in some medicinal plants. However, the potential mechanisms for simultaneously regulating terpenes synthesis and GTs development remain unclear. Here, we showed that terpenes in Conyza blinii could be synthesized through capitate GTs. By treating with appropriate intensity of UV-B, the density of capitate GTs and diterpene content can be increased. Through analyzing corresponding transcriptome, we identified a MYB transcription factor CbMYB108 as a positive regulator of both diterpene synthesis and capitate GT density. Transiently overexpressing/silencing CbMYB108 on C. blinii leaves could increase diterpene synthesis and capitate GT density. Further verification showed that CbMYB108 upregulated CbDXS and CbGGPPS expression in diterpene synthesis pathway. Moreover, CbMYB108 could also upregulated the expression of CbTTG1, key WD40 protein confirmed in this study to promote GT development, rather than through interaction between CbMYB108 and CbTTG1 proteins. Thus, results showed that the UV-B-induced CbMYB108 owned dual-function of simultaneously improving diterpene synthesis and GT development. Our research lays a theoretical foundation for cultivating C. blinii with high terpene content, and broadens the understanding of the integrated mechanism on terpene synthesis and GT development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Tiantian Di
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Planting Institute, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Tang W, Guan M, Li Z, Pan W, Wang Z. A2BR facilitates the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated GU by inducing oxidative stress through p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21004. [PMID: 38027590 PMCID: PMC10660004 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcers significantly impact the quality of life of patients, the pathogenesis of which is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathological mechanism of gastric ulcers. Recently, adenosine A2B Receptor (A2BR) was reported to activate the p38MAPK pathway. However, the role of A2BR in gastric ulcers remains unknown. In the present study, the biological function of A2BR in HP-induced gastric ulcers was investigated to explore novel targets for gastric ulcers. GES-1 cells were infected with HP, followed by incubation with 10 μM BAY60-6583 (A2BR agonist) and 25 nM PSB1115 (A2BR antagonist). In HP-infected GES-1 cells, an increased apoptotic rate, enhanced migration ability, excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed, accompanied by the activation of p38MAPK signaling, which were dramatically aggravated by BAY60-6583 and alleviated by PSB1115. In animal experiments, rats were treated with 2 mg/kg BAY60-6583 and 10 mg/kg PSB1115, followed by gastric ulcer modeling 30 min later. In HP-infected rats, increased ulcer area, elevated pepsin activity, increased hematoxylin and eosin (HE) pathological scores, increased MDA levels, and decreased SOD activity were observed, which were further aggravated by BAY60-6583 and ameliorated by PSB1115. Finally, the effects of A2BR activation on apoptosis, migration, oxidative stress, and p38MAPK signaling in HP-infected GES-1 cells were reversed by an inhibitor of the p38MAPK pathway. Collectively, A2BR facilitated the pathogenesis of HP-induced gastric ulcers by inducing oxidative stress through p38MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology. Hangzhou Children's Hospital, No.195, Wenhui Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Minchang Guan
- Department of Pediatrics. Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1630, Huanding Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Gastroenterology. Hangzhou Children's Hospital, No.195, Wenhui Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology. Hangzhou Children's Hospital, No.195, Wenhui Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology. Hangzhou Children's Hospital, No.195, Wenhui Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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3
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Tossetta G, Marzioni D. Targeting the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in cervical and endometrial cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 941:175503. [PMID: 36641100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cervical and endometrial cancers are among the most dangerous gynaecological malignancies, with high fatality and recurrence rates due to frequent diagnosis at an advanced stage and chemoresistance onset. The NRF2/KEAP1 signalling pathway plays an important role in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NRF2, activated by ROS, induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as heme oxygenase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase which neutralize ROS, protecting cells against oxidative stress damage. However, activation of NRF2/KEAP1 signalling in cancer cells results in chemoresistance, inactivating drug-mediated oxidative stress and protecting cancer cells from drug-induced cell death. We review the literature on the role of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in cervical and endometrial cancers, with a focus on the expression of its components and downstream genes. We also examine the role of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in chemotherapy resistance and how this pathway can be modulated by natural and synthetic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 60126, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
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4
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Mohammed MA, Hamed MA, El-Gengaihi SE, Enein AMA, Kachlicki P, Hassan EM. Profiling of secondary metabolites and DNA typing of three different Annona cultivars grown in Egypt. Metabolomics 2022; 18:49. [PMID: 35781851 PMCID: PMC9252975 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural products are often efficacious and safe alternatives to synthetic drugs. This study explored secondary leaves and bark metabolites profiles in extracts of a new Egyptian hybrid, Annona cherimola × Annona squamosa, known as Abdel Razek. This hybrid exhibited 100% similarity with A. cherimola as evidenced by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analyses. METHODS Primary constituents in methanol extracts of different plant organs were identified. Extracts richest in alkaloids and polyphenolics were assessed for in vitro antioxidant activity and the most potent were further studied in vivo for treating gastric ulcer in rats. The latter activity was assessed histopathologically. RESULTS Structural analysis with HPLC/ESI-MSn, and UPLC/HESI-MS/MS identified 63 metabolites, including seven amino acids, 20 alkaloids, 16 flavonoids, eight phenolics and other compounds. Severe stomach alteration was observed after ethanol induction in rats. Ulcer score, oxidative stress biomarkers, cell organelles biomarker enzymes, and gastrointestinal histological features improved to variable degrees after treatment with Annona Abdel Razek hybrid leaves and bark methanol extracts. CONCLUSION Extracts of Annona Abdel Razek had showed in vitro antioxidant effect and may be promising for the treatment of gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Arafa Mohammed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Souad Eisawy El-Gengaihi
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | | | - Piotr Kachlicki
- Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Metabolomics Group), Poznan, Poland
| | - Emad Mohamed Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
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Mulberry Ethanol Extract and Rutin Protect Alcohol-Damaged GES-1 Cells by Inhibiting the MAPK Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134266. [PMID: 35807511 PMCID: PMC9268384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry extract has been proven to have the effect of resisting alcohol damage, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the composition of mulberry ethanol extract (MBE) was identified by LC-MS/MS and the main components of MBE were ascertained by measuring. Gastric mucosal epithelial (GES-1) cells were used to elucidate the mechanism of MBE and rutin (the central part of MBE) helped protect against alcohol damage. The results revealed that phenolics accounted for the majority of MBE, accounting for 308.6 mg/g gallic acid equivalents and 108 substances were identified, including 37 flavonoids and 50 non-flavonoids. The treatment of 400 μg/mL MBE and 320 μM rutin reduced early cell apoptosis and the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and increased glutathione. The qPCR results indicated that the MBE inhibits the expression of genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including p38, JNK, ERK and caspase-3; rutin inhibits the expression of p38 and caspase-3. Overall, MBE was able to reduce the oxidative stress of GES-1 cells and regulated apoptosis-related genes of the MAPK pathway. This study provides information for developing anti-ethanol injury drugs or functional foods.
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Scotti F, Mou L, Huang C, Booker A, Weckerle C, Maake C, Heinrich M. Treating Chronic Wounds Using Photoactive Metabolites: Data Mining the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for Potential Lead Species. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:1206-1218. [PMID: 34528222 PMCID: PMC8585569 DOI: 10.1055/a-1578-8778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient wound treatment that addresses associated infections and inflammation remains one of the big unmet needs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. One strategy for securing better healthcare can be using medicinal plants if sufficient evidence on their safety and therapeutic benefits can be ascertained. A unique novel opportunity could be photo-enhanced wound treatment with a combination of light-sensitive plant preparations and local exposure to daylight. Data mining strategies using existing resources offer an excellent basis for developing such an approach with many potential plant candidates. In the present analysis, we researched the 535 botanical drugs included in the Chinese pharmacopeia and identified 183 medicinal plant species, 82 for treating open wounds caused by trauma and 101 for inflammatory skin conditions. After further screening for reports on the presence of known photoactive compounds, we determined a core group of 10 scientifically lesser-known botanical species that may potentially be developed into more widely used topical preparations for photodynamic treatment of infected wounds. Our predictive approach may contribute to developing a more evidence-based use of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scotti
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Linru Mou
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Chen Huang
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Anthony Booker
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster. London, UK
| | - Caroline Weckerle
- Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group “Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy”, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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7
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu K, Li Z, Tan X, Wang Y, Gao N, Liu C, Fang X, Wang Y. Lycopene Aggravates Acute Gastric Injury Induced by Ethanol. Front Nutr 2021; 8:697879. [PMID: 34485361 PMCID: PMC8415829 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.697879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is an important natural red pigment with strong singlet oxygen and peroxide free radical quenching ability. Ethanol directly destroys the epithelial cells of gastric mucosa, causing oxidative damage and inflammation. To evaluate the effect of lycopene on the ethanol induced gastric injury, 112 adult male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control, lycopene control, gastric injury control, omeprazole (20 mg/kg) positive control, and lycopene experimental groups (at doses of 10, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight) in this study. The general and pathological evaluation, gastric secretion, as well as the levels of antioxidant and inflammatory factors were detected. In lycopene experimental groups, the amount of gastric juice were lower than that in the gastric injury control group; the levels of T-SOD, and the levels of MDA and inflammatory factors (MMP-9 and MCP-1) decreased. However, general and pathological evaluation of gastric tissues revealed that lycopene (especially at high doses) could aggravate acute gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol. Therefore, lycopene (especially at high doses) aggravates acute gastric mucosal injury caused by ethanol, but this was not due to oxidative stress or inflammatory factors. In lycopene control group, the levels of MTL, T-SOD, and NO increased, but the levels of ALT and AST decreased, indicating that lycopene has a protective effect on the stomach and liver when ethanol wasn't taken. It reminds us that, when alcohol is consumed in large quantities, consumption of lycopene products should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuechao Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Keying Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zexu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xingru Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- College of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Gao
- Amicogen (China) Biopharm Company, Jining, China
| | - Chenming Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaoqi Fang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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8
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Lv G, Song X, Zhang Z. Protective Effect of the Ethanol Extract from Hericium erinaceus Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/141560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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9
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Zheng T, Zhan J, Yang M, Wang M, Sun W, Shan Z, Chen H. Hemin-induced increase in saponin content contributes to the alleviation of osmotic and cold stress damage to Conyza blinii in a heme oxygenase 1-dependent manner. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:682-694. [PMID: 34414702 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemin can improve the stress resistance of plants through the heme oxygenase system. Additionally, substances contained in plants, such as secondary metabolites, can improve stress resistance. However, few studies have explored the effects of hemin on secondary metabolite content. Therefore, the effects of hemin on saponin synthesis and the mechanism of plant injury relief by hemin in Conyza blinii were investigated in this study. Hemin treatment promoted plant growth and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity and saponin content of C. blinii under osmotic stress and cold stress. Further study showed that hemin could provide sufficient precursors for saponin synthesis by improving the photosynthetic capacity of C. blinii and increasing the gene expression of key enzymes in the saponin synthesis pathway, thus increasing the saponin content. Moreover, the promotion effect of hemin on saponin synthesis is dependent on heme oxygenase-1 and can be reversed by the inhibitor Zn-protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX). This study revealed that hemin can increase the saponin content of C. blinii and alleviate the damage caused by abiotic stress, and it also broadened the understanding of the relationship between hemin and secondary metabolites in plant abiotic stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.,Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Maojia Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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10
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Yao Y, Liu T, Yin L, Man S, Ye S, Ma L. Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Litchi chinensis Seeds Alleviates Hypertension-Induced Renal Damage in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2138-2148. [PMID: 33470120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Litchi chinensis seed is a valuable byproduct of the subtropical fruit litchi (L. chinensis Sonn.), whose extract (LSE) has been confirmed to ameliorate dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. However, if LSE exerts an effect on anti-hypertension and hypertensive renal damage remains unknown. In this study, 13 polyphenols and one fatty acid were identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that the therapeutic effects of LSE may be involved in multitargets and multipathways, such as the TNF signaling pathway, interleukin (IL)-6-mediated signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, removal of superoxide radicals, negative regulation of blood pressure, and so forth. Moreover, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were daily gavaged with LSE (60 mg/kg) for 10 weeks. LSE remarkably reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP). The hypertension-induced renal damage was improved by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, which was consistent with the prediction of network pharmacology. In addition, LSE treatment remarkably increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and the production of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Our study indicated that a byproduct of litchi, namely, litchi seed, may be effective in reducing SBP and alleviating hypertensive renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Taohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shengying Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The 983th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tianjin 300142, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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11
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Ardalani H, Hadipanah A, Sahebkar A. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:662-702. [PMID: 31880244 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666191227151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the most common disorder of the stomach and duodenum, which is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. PUD occurs due to an imbalance between offensive and defensive factors and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics are frequently used for the treatment. Recently, medicinal plants have emerged as efficacious, safe and widely available alternative therapies for PUD. The aim of this review was to study the medicinal plants and phytochemicals, which have been used for PUD treatment to evaluate the potential role of natural compounds to develop herbal remedies for PUD. Information was obtained using a literature search of electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys and Cochrane. Common and scientific names of the plants and keywords such as 'peptic ulcer', 'gastric ulcer', 'stomach ulcer' and 'duodenal ulcer' were used for search. Eventually, 279 plants from 89 families were identified and information on the plant families, part of the plant used, chemical constituents, extracts, ulcer model used and dosage were abstracted. The results indicated that most of the anti-PUD plants were from Asteraceae (7.1%) and Fabaceae (6.8%) families while flavonoids (49%), tannins (13%), saponins (10%) and alkaloids (9%) were the most common natural compounds in plants with anti-PUD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ardalani
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Amin Hadipanah
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Sun R, Gao JL, Chen H, Liu S, Tang ZZ. CbCYP716A261, a New β-Amyrin 28-Hydroxylase Involved in Conyzasaponin Biosynthesis from Conyza blinii. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689332005009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Guo Y, Du Y, Xie L, Pu Y, Yuan J, Wang Z, Zhang T, Wang B. Effects of Paeonol and Gastroretention Tablets of Paeonol on Experimental Gastric Ulcers and Intestinal Flora in Rats. Inflammation 2020; 43:2178-2190. [PMID: 32642910 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Paeonol, a major ingredient isolated from Moutan Cort, has various pharmacological effects. Our previous studies have shown that paeonol can exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects on ethanol-induced experimental gastric ulcer (GU). Therefore, in this study, we designed two GU models in rats induced by pyloric ligation (PL) and acetic acid and evaluated the protective effects of paeonol and gastroretention tablets of paeonol (GRT-Ps; 24, 48, and 96 mg/kg) on GU in rats and the effect of paeonol (48 mg/kg) on the intestinal flora. In vivo experiments showed that paeonol or GRT-Ps remarkably reduced gastric mucosal damage in a dose-dependent manner in the different types of models and improved the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. And in fact, the sustained-release effect of GRT-Ps is more conducive to the improvement of GU compared with the rapid clearance of free drugs. In the PL-induced model, gastric secretion parameters, that is, pH and total acid, showed significant differences compared with the model group. In addition, paeonol treatment can improve the richness and diversity of the intestinal flora and increase the amount of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. Paeonol and its stable sustained-release tablet GRT-Ps can promote ulcer healing by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating the intestinal flora. This study can provide basis for the clinical treatment of GU with paeonol. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Guo
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yaoyao Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 185 Puan Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200021, China
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianlong Yuan
- Fujian Medical Products Administration, 156 Dongpu Road, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Tang Z, Wang Y, Yang J, Xiao Y, Cai Y, Wan Y, Chen H, Yao H, Shan Z, Li C, Wang G. Isolation and identification of flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Conyza blinii H.Lév that exhibit higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8978. [PMID: 32328352 PMCID: PMC7166047 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conyza blinii H. Lév is a medicinal plant that has a variety of pharmacological activities, but its study is at a standstill due to the shortage of resources. Method This study utilized the surface sterilization method to isolate endophytic fungi, and they were preliminarily identified by morphology. Flavonoid-producing strains were screened by NaNO2-Al(NO)3 colorimetry and further identified by the ITS sequence. Additionally, we used five antioxidant assays (DPPH, Hydroxyl radical, ABTS, FRAP and T-AOC assays) to systematically evaluate the antioxidant capacity of total flavonoids , and we also determined their antibacterial activity. Results In this study, 21 endophytic fungi were isolated from wild Conyza blinii H. Lév for the first time. There were six flavonoid-producing strains, especially CBL11, whose total flavonoid content reached 50.78 ± 2.4 mg/L. CBL12, CBL12-2 and CBL1-1 all exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. The effect of CBL12 was similar to that of ascorbic acid at low concentrations, and its radical scavenging rates for DPPH and ABTS were 94.56 ± 0.29 % and 99.88 ± 0.27%, respectively, while its IC50 values were only 0.11 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 0.2 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Through LC-MS, we found that CBL12 could produce many high-value flavonoids, such as 3-methoxyflavone, nobiletin, formononetin, scopoletin, and daidzein. Additionally, CBL9 had good antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Notably, we obtained the high-yield strains CBL12 and CBL9, which not only had high yields (10.64 ± 1.01 mg/L and 10.17 ± 0.11 mg/L, respectively) but also had excellent biological activity. Hence, the results of this study provide new ideas for endophytic fungi that can be exploited as a source of flavonoids and other medicinal components from Conyza blinii H. Lév. Moreover, this study can serve as a reference for the development of rare medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yirong Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Yi Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yujun Wan
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Huipeng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute, Chengdu, China
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Peng L, Hu C, Zhang C, Lu Y, Man S, Ma L. Anti-cancer activity of Conyza blinii saponin against cervical carcinoma through MAPK/TGF-β/Nrf2 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112503. [PMID: 31891798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Conyza blinii H.Lév. is a type of natural plant distributed in southwest of China. Its dried overground section can be used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating infections, inflammations and occasionally cancers. CBS (Conyza blinii saponin), mainly composed of triterpenoidal saponins of Conyza blinii H.Lév. CBS is considered as the major active fraction of this species. The current investigation have focused on the mechanisms of CBS with regard to its anti-cancer activity. Hence it is of high relevance of identifying the anti-cancer efficacy of ethnomedicine. AIM OF THE STUDY To understand the anti-cancer mechanism of CBS using both in vitro and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS CBS (Conyza blinii saponin) was obtained as described previously. We tested the anti-cancer activity of CBS using in vitro HeLa cell models and in vivo animal models. We adopted immunoblot, RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), luciferase reporter assay and flow cytometry to study relevant proteins, genes, pathways and cellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) responsible for anti-cancer activity of CBS. More, 24 tumour-xenografted mice were grouped randomly as 'control', 'cisplatin' (as positive control), 'low dose' and 'high dose' groups. The IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 and IL-2 in the blood serum and the tumour tissue of mice were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We have found that CBS is capable of inducing apoptotic cancer cell death via both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. CBS inhibits the activation of TGF-β signaling pathway in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Phospho-ERK, phospho-JNK and phospho-p38 MAPK are significantly suppressed by CBS. Furthermore, some inflammation mediators including IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 from animal samples were found decreased in CBS-treated mice models. In contrast, the level of IL-2, a cytokine commonly used for treating cancers, increased reversely. Last, we have discovered that CBS is able to decrease the expression of Nrf2, inhibit the activation of ARE and increase ROS level in HeLa cells. In summary, we have confirmed that the anti-cancer activity of CBS is possibly related to its TGF-β, MAPK, Nrf2 signaling pathways as well as some cancer related inflammation mediators and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, Michel HE, El-Shazly M, Singab ANB. Gastroprotective effects of Erythrina speciosa (Fabaceae) leaves cultivated in Egypt against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112297. [PMID: 31606535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Members of the genus Erythrina have been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments such as inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders. Erythrina speciosa (Fabaceae) is a spiny, deciduous shrub or small tree native to Southern America in Brazil. It is cultivated in Africa and Asia. The traditional usage of E. speciosa indicated its antibacterial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluation of the phytochemical constituents, gastroprotective effects and possible mechanism of action of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the methanol extract of E. speciosa leaves (ESLE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical characterization of ESLE was done using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The gastroprotective activity of ESLE was evaluated using ethanol-induced gastric-ulcer model in rats. Rats were pre-treated with ESLE 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg 1 h before the administration of absolute ethanol. Histological analysis, mucin content, and total acidity were evaluated. The possible mechanism of action of ESLE was studied through the examination of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, PGE2, and NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and HSP-70 immunoexpression. In vitro, anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of ESLE was also studied using micro-well dilution method. RESULTS Fourteen compounds were tentatively identified including alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. ESLE exerted a powerful gastroprotective effect. The pre-treatment with ESLE at different doses resulted in a significant reduction in gastric lesions and significant elevation in the mucin production. These effects could be partially mediated by the potent anti-inflammatory activity of ESLE as evidenced by the significant reduction in the immunoexpression of NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS and the reduction in the pro-inflammatory marker, TNF-α. ESLE counteracted the ethanol-induced oxidative stress by increasing the levels of depleted GSH and catalase as well as significantly attenuating the ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation tissue levels. In addition, ESLE exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS The chemical constituents of ESLE strongly support its potent gastroprotective effect suggesting its future potential application in the management of gastric ulcer by eliminating its symptoms and causes including H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Centre for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sesquiterpenoids from the aerial parts of Conyza japonica and their inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104473. [PMID: 31923432 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new sesquiterpenoids, conyterpenols A - D (1-4), along with nineteen known analogues (5-23) were isolated from the aerial parts of Conyza japonica. The structures of 1-4 were determined through spectroscopic analysis, while their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Conyterpenol D (4) was a new type of sesquiterpenoid with a seven-membered lactone ring. Compounds 1-23 were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages and cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Compounds 3, 4, and 12 displayed moderate inhibition against NO production with IC50 values in the range of 26.4-33.6 μM. And all compounds showed no obvious cytotoxicity against these two cancer cell lines at 100 μM.
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Chen H, Nie Q, Xie M, Yao H, Zhang K, Yin J, Nie S. Protective effects of β-glucan isolated from highland barley on ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats and its benefits to mice gut conditions. Food Res Int 2019; 122:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ethnopharmacological Inspections of Organic Extract of Oroxylum indicum in Rat Models: A Promising Natural Gift. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1562038. [PMID: 31073315 PMCID: PMC6470466 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1562038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The stem bark of Oroxylum indicum (O. indicum) was aimed at testing for anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative, antihyperglycemic, and antidyslipidemic activities. Liver enzyme concentration (SGPT, SGOT) had also been assessed. After being extracted in organic solvent, 3 distinct doses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. (p.o.), were used. For edema formation 0.1 ml carrageenan at a dose of 1% w/v was injected into paw of left hind. It showed a fall of edemas 37.50%, 48.34%, and 55.83% while used doses were 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. (p.o.) individually. The EtOH extract of O. indicum (50%) and its fractions PET, CLF, EtOAc, and nBUT were studied against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Only PET and n-BuOH exhibited the highest percentage of protection and were 96% and 99%, respectively, persuaded by ethanol. In OGTT glibenclamide revealed reduction of glucose level to 7.55 ± 0.22 mmol/L from 10.57 ± 0.32 mmol/L after 30 minutes. Antihyperglycemic activities were assessed for 8- and 12-week duration in diabetic rats. Glibenclamide reduced glucose level from 33.50±0.31 to 7.90±0.19 mmol/L in 12 weeks. In 12 and 8 weeks, combination therapy lowered blood glucose level to a normal extent by 79% and 61% individually. In antidyslipidemic activities after 12-week treatment, it revealed simvastatin; MEOI (400 mg/kg b.w.) and combination of both reduced TC level by 44%, 28%, and 48% consequently followed by TG and LDL. In 8-week treatment, HDL levels were increased by 34%, 13%, and 36%, and in 12 weeks increased by 36%, 8%, and 38% consequently. Liver enzyme concentration after 12 weeks of treatment with glibenclamide, 400 mg/kg b.w. (p.o.) of MEOI and combination of both, exhibited the fact that concentration of SGPT showed downturn by 43.23%, 8.01%, and 54.86% and SGOT by 42.40%, 5.31%, and 44.85%. This study remarked that O. indicum has anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiabetic, and antidyslipidemic potentials but has no ameliorative effect on liver enzyme.
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Wu X, Huang Q, Xu N, Cai J, Luo D, Zhang Q, Su Z, Gao C, Liu Y. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Water Extract of Acrostichum aureum Linn. against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:3585394. [PMID: 30643529 PMCID: PMC6311278 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3585394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acrostichum aureum Linn., a medicinal pteridophyte growing in mangrove forests and coastal regions of tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, has been proved to possess various biological effects. However, the protective effect of Acrostichum aureum Linn. against gastric ulcer still remains unidentified. Therefore, the gastroprotective effect of the water extract of Acrostichum aureum Linn. (WEAC) was investigated in ethanol-induced gastric injury model. According to our results, pretreatment with WEAC (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) could dramatically decrease the ulcer areas and ameliorate the pathological damage induced by alcohol in rat's gastric tissues. In addition, WEAC administration prevented the stomach from oxidative damage via markedly increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA). Besides, WEAC pretreatment alleviated inflammatory infiltration by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as decreasing the protein expressions of phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Taken together, WEAC exerted potential therapeutic efficacy for gastric ulceration, and this may be involved in the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, China
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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The jasmonate-responsive transcription factor CbWRKY24 regulates terpenoid biosynthetic genes to promote saponin biosynthesis in Conyza blinii H. Lév. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-1026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Ma L, Meng Y, Tu C, Cao X, Wang H, Li Y, Man S, Zhou J, Li M, Liu Z, Su Y. A cardiac glycoside HTF-1 isolated from Helleborus thibetanus Franch displays potent in vitro anti-cancer activity via caspase-9, MAPK and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:743-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li S, Zhou S, Yang W, Meng D. Gastro-protective effect of edible plant Artemisia argyi in ethanol-induced rats via normalizing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:207-217. [PMID: 29273436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia argyi, a kind of ethnic drug, has a long-term use on gastric diseases and syndromes. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to validate the traditional uses of A. argyi scientifically and to discover more efficient nature derived gastro-protective ethnomedicine and further elucidate the possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty rats were randomly divided into control, model (ethanol-induced), reference (omeprazole-treated) and A. argyi extract (AT) (0.3, 0.1, 0.033g/mL) treated groups, respectively. The levels of biochemical indexes in tissues and serum and the activities of pepsin in gastric contents were measured after the sacrifice of rats. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells of the isolated compounds were determined. RESULTS The studies indicated that A. argyi extract could exert strong protective effects on gastric mucosa in ethanol-induced rat model by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors, superoxide dismutase, and malonaldehyde, which were superior to those of positive control at 0.3g/mL. The isolated flavonoids could down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and eliminate free radicals in the anti-oxidative tests. The effects of eupatilin and jaceosidin, which were substituted by additional methoxy groups, were predominant, indicting the importance of methoxy to the activities. CONCLUSION The results confirmed that A. argyi can protect ethanol-induced rats from gastric mucosal injury through inhibiting inflammatory responses and ameliorating oxidative stress. A. argyi is suitable for people with gastric mucosal injuries or unhealthy dietary habits as a necessary dietary supplement, which will promote the planting and application of A. argyi in both agriculture and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Dali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Liang J, Dou Y, Wu X, Li H, Wu J, Huang Q, Luo D, Yi T, Liu Y, Su Z, Chen J. Prophylactic efficacy of patchoulene epoxide against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Influence on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 283:30-37. [PMID: 29339218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patchoulene epoxide (PAO), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from the long-stored patchouli oil, has been demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo based on our previous study. However, the gastric protective effect of PAO still remains unknown. Therefore, in the present study, ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model was carried out to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of PAO and to elucidate the potential mechanisms that involves. According to our results, macroscopic examination revealed that PAO could significantly reduce ethanol-induced gastric ulcer areas as compared with the vehicle group, which was also supported by the histological evaluation result. As for its potential mechanism, the anti-inflammatory activity of PAO contributed to gastric protection through reversing the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and modulating the expressions of NF-κB pathway-related proteins including p-IκBα, IκBα, p-p65 and p65. Besides, PAO was able to enhance the expressions of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and down-regulate malonaldehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis exhibited potent anti-apoptosis effect of PAO, as evidence by down-regulating the protein expression of caspase-3, Fas and Fasl. Additionally, we also demonstrated that PAO could replenish PGE2 and NO mucosal defense. In conclusion, these findings suggested that PAO has gastric protective activity against ethanol and this might be related to its influence on inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis cascade and gastric mucosal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaoxing Dou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jiazhen Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qionghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiegang Yi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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Li W, Wang X, Zhi W, Zhang H, He Z, Wang Y, Liu F, Niu X, Zhang X. The gastroprotective effect of nobiletin against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in mice: impact on oxidative stress and inflammation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:354-363. [PMID: 28948855 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1379088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gastric ulcer is a common gastrointestinal disorder with increasing incidence and prevalence attributed to loss of balance between aggressive and protective factors. Nobiletin (NOB), a major component of polymethoxyflavones in citrus fruits, has a broad spectrum of health beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Although NOB was originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity, its effects on gastric ulcer were rarely explored previously. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of NOB on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Seventy-two male Kunming mice administered with absolute ethanol (0.2 ml/animal) were pretreated with NOB (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg), cimetidine (100 mg/kg), or vehicles by intragastric administration in different experimental groups for three days, and animals were euthanized 3 h after ethanol ingestion. Gross and microscopic lesions, immunological and biochemical parameters were taken into consideration. RESULTS The results showed that ethanol induced gastric injury, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, decreased glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as well as the expression MAPK signaling pathway. Pretreatment with NOB significantly attenuated the gastric lesions as compared to the ethanol group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the gastroprotective activity is attribute to the improvement of antioxidant activities, the stimulation of PGE2, and the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Wenbing Zhi
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Zehong He
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , PR China
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26
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Zeng Q, Ko CH, Siu WS, Li LF, Han XQ, Yang L, Bik-San Lau C, Hu JM, Leung PC. Polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo protect gastric mucosal cell against oxidative damage-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:214-224. [PMID: 28684298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo (DO) is a valuable Traditional Chinese Medicine to nourish stomach, in which polysaccharides are identified as active ingredients. However, limited scientific evidences have been reported on the gastroprotective efficacy of DO. The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of polysaccharides from DO(DOP) on gastric mucosal injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS For in vitro study, HFE145 cells were pretreated with DOP before induction of cell apoptosis by H2O2. Cell apoptosis and related proteins expression were detected. In the in vivo study, absolute ethanol was administered orally to induce gastric mucosal injury in rat. The gastric mucosal injury area and histological examination were used to evaluate the effects of DOP treatment on the recovery of the gastric mucosal injury. RESULTS H2O2 treatment for 6h significantly induced cell apoptosis in HFE145 cells. However, the destructive effects of H2O2 on HFE 145 cells could be reversed by the pretreatment with DOP. The increased ROS level induced by H2O2 for 4h was reduced after DOP pretreatment. The number of apoptotic cells in both early and late apoptosis stages decreased significantly and the nuclei morphology changes were improved with DOP pretreatment. Furthermore, DOP inhibited caspase 3 activation and PARP cleavage, downregulated Bax expression and upregulated Bcl2 expression in cell model. Further study revealed that pretreatment of DOP inhibited p -NF-κBp65/NF-κBp65 level, indicating DOP inhibited H2O2-mediated apoptosis via suppression of NF-κB activation. In addition, DOP treatment could ameliorate gastric mucosal injury and inhibit mucin loss induced by ethanol in animal model. DOP treatment also interfered with ethanol-induced apoptosis process by downregulating Bax/Bcl2 ratio in gastric mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The present study was the first one to demonstrate the gastroprotective effect of DOP through inhibiting oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. This study provided a solid evidence for the potential use of DO as a therapy or health supplement for gastric mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wing-Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Long-Fei Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Qiu P, Sun J, Man S, Yang H, Ma L, Yu P, Gao W. Curcumin Attenuates N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Induced Liver Injury in Mice by Utilizing the Method of Metabonomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2000-2007. [PMID: 28198625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) exists as a food additive in cheddar cheese, processed meats, beer, water, and so forth. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen in animals and humans. Curcumin as a natural dietary compound decreased DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in this research. According to the histopathological examination of liver tissues and biomarker detection in serum and livers, it was demonstrated that curcumin attenuated DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis through parts of regulating the oxidant stress enzymes (T-SOD and CAT), liver function (ALT and AST) and LDHA, AFP level, and COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Furthermore, curcumin attenuated metabolic disorders via increasing concentration of glucose and fructose, and decreasing levels of glycine and proline, and mRNA expression of GLUT1, PKM and FASN. Docking study indicated that curcumin presented strong affinity with key metabolism enzymes such as GLUT1, PKM, FASN and LDHA. There were a number of amino acid residues involved in curcumin-targeting enzymes of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. All in all, curcumin exhibited a potent liver protective agent inhibiting chemically induced liver injury through suppressing liver cellular metabolism in the prospective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - He Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
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28
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Man S, Li J, Qiu P, Liu J, Liu Z, Ma L, Gao W. Inhibition of lung cancer in diethylnitrosamine-induced mice byRhizomaparidis saponins. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1405-1413. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Peiyu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering, Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, College of Biotechnology; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin China
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29
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Ma L, Liu H, Qin P, Hu C, Man S, Li Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Diao A. Saponin fraction isolated from Conyza blinii H.Lév. demonstrates strong anti-cancer activity that is due to its NF-κB inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:779-785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Su M, Li CY, Zhou L, Yan YY, Ao LY, Wang GJ, Fang WR, Li YM. Anti-ulcerogenic effect of KFP-H008 against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer via p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08879e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KFP-H008, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker developed for the treatment of acid-related diseases, has been reported to inhibit gastric acid secretion effectively, while its effects on gastric ulcer have not been previously explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Cheng-yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yun-yi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Lu-yao Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Guang-ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Wei-rong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yun-man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
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31
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Liu H, Hu C, Sun N, Li Y, Man S, Liu Z, Diao A, Ma L. A triterpenoidal saponin fraction of Conyza blinii H.Lév. is a dual-targeting autophagy inhibitor for HeLa cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process in eukaryotic cells. The triterpenoidal saponin fraction (Conyza blinii saponins, CBS) isolated from medicinal plant Conyza blinii H.Lév. is a dual-targeting autophagy inhibitor for HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Chenxi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Nana Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Yuyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Aipo Diao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
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32
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Hui S, Fangyu W. Protective effects of bilobalide against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in vivo/vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:592-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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33
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Ma L, Liu H, Meng L, Qin P, Zhang B, Li Y, Man S, Liu Z, Liu Z, Diao A. Evaluation of the anti-cancer activity of the triterpenoidal saponin fraction isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Conyza blinii H. Lév. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26361e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoidal saponins fraction isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine Conyza blinii H. Lév. demonstrates anti-cancer activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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34
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Zhang L, Man S, Qiu H, Liu Z, Zhang M, Ma L, Gao W. Curcumin-cyclodextrin complexes enhanced the anti-cancer effects of curcumin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:31-38. [PMID: 27716533 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), as a yellow pigment in the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), possessed a pleiotropic application containing cancer therapy. Due to its poor oral bioavailability, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of curcumin-cyclodextrin complexes (CD15) as an approach to cancer chemoprevention. In this study, CUR encapsulation into the β-cyclodextrin (CD) cavity was achieved by the saturated aqueous solution method. CD15 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV spectra analyses. An optimized CD15 was evaluated by cellular uptake and anti-cancer activity. As a result, CD15 enhanced curcumin delivery and improved its therapeutic efficacy compared with free curcumin in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, through regulation of MAPK/NF-κB pathway, CD15 up-regulated p53/p21 pathway, down-regulated CyclinE-CDK2 combination and increased Bax/caspase 3 expression to induce cellar apoptosis and G1-phase arrest. In conclusion, these results suggested that CD15 formulation should be used as a system for improving curcumin delivery and its therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Huanna Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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35
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Phenolics-saponins rich fraction of defatted kenaf seed meal exhibits cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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36
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Liu J, Liu Z, Man S, Chai H, Ma L, Gao W. Inhibition of urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice by a Rhizoma paridis saponin involved EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20811h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Due to a lack of successful treatments for lung cancer, there is a need to evaluate new and effective agents for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Hongyan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- China
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37
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Ma L, Li Y, Meng L, Deng H, Li Y, Zhang Q, Diao A. Biological fluorination from the sea: discovery of a SAM-dependent nucleophilic fluorinating enzyme from the marine-derived bacterium Streptomyces xinghaiensis NRRL B24674. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first ever marine originated fluorinating enzyme, which promises to be useful in biotransformation and synthetic biology, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Yufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Lingpei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Hai Deng
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aberdeen
- Aberdeen AB24 3UE
- UK
| | - Yuyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin 3rd Center Hospital
- Tianjin 300170
- China
| | - Aipo Diao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
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38
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Ma L, Liu H, Wu G, Sun N, Meng L, Li Y, Liu Z, Diao A. A dual-channel detection of mercuric ions using a label free G-quadruplex-based DNAzyme molecule. Analyst 2016; 141:3997-4000. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed a ‘turn-off’ and label free bio-sensor using a DNAzyme molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Complex
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- Fife KY16 9ST
- UK
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Guanrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Nana Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Lingpei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Yuyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Aipo Diao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin 300457
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39
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Tiao He Yi Wei Granule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:647283. [PMID: 26779276 PMCID: PMC4686723 DOI: 10.1155/2015/647283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Tiao He Yi Wei granule (DHYW), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the treatment of gastric ulcer in clinical setting. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of DHYW and explore the underlying mechanism against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. The model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice was induced by ethanol (0.2 mL/kg). Administration of DHYW at the doses of 250, 500 mg/kg body weight prior to the ethanol ingestion could effectively protect the stomach from ulceration. The gastric lesions were significantly ameliorated in the DHYW group compared with that in the model group. Treatment with DHYW markedly decreased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, DHYW treatment elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) level in stomach, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content in serum and stomach compared with those in the model group. DHYW significantly inhibited NF-κB pathway expressions in the gastric mucosa ulcer group. Taken together, DHYW exerted a gastroprotective effect against gastric ulceration and the underlying mechanism might be associated with NF-κB pathway.
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Chang X, Luo F, Jiang W, Zhu L, Gao J, He H, Wei T, Gong S, Yan T. Protective activity of salidroside against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer via the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:604-15. [PMID: 26241782 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside (Sal) is a traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological effects. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Sal on ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer and H2O2-induced gastric epithelial cell damage. 0.2 ml ethanol and 400 μM H2O2 were applied to establish a gastric ulcer model in vivo and in vitro respectively. The production of interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was analyzed, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. In addition, MAPK/NF-κB signal pathway-related proteins p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, p-IκBα and p-NF-κBp65 were analyzed to determine the underlying protective mechanism. Downstream genes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) were also measured. Obtained data indicated that Sal inhibited the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced antioxidant activity. Collectively, it is assumed that Sal could alleviate ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer and H2O2-induced gastric epithelial cell damage through the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fen Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenjiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - He He
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shilin Gong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
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