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Seo CS, Shin HK. Quantitative Analysis of Eight Compounds in Traditional Korean Medicine, Gongjindan Using HPLC, UPLC–MS/MS, and GC–MS/MS Systems. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gongjindan (GJD) is a traditional Korean medicine consisting of four herbal medicines and two animal-derived medicines, and is taken as a tonic in Republic of Korea. In this study, the goal was to develop and validate a simultaneous analytical method to quantify eight compounds in commercially available GJD samples using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS), and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) systems. In HPLC and UPLC–MS/MS, seven components (gallic acid, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, morroniside, loganin, nodakenin, decursin, and decursinol angelate) were separated and quantified using a distilled water–acetonitrile mobile phase system on a Capcell Pak UG80 C18 column and an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column, respectively. Muscone was quantified using GC–MS/MS. The developed assays were validated by evaluating the linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, recovery, and precision. In the regression equations of all compounds, the coefficient of determination was ≥0.9917, showing good linearity. The recovery was 93.70–108.17%, and the relative standard deviation values in the precision test were all <1.50%. Using the developed analysis methods, GJD samples were determined to contain the eight target compounds in concentrations from non-detected to 10.75 mg/g. The analytical assays developed and validated in this study can be used to obtain data for the quality control of commercially available GJDs and for the further expansion of efficacy and clinical studies.
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Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Rubaye HT, Al-Hadrawi DS, Almulla AF, Maes M. Long-COVID post-viral chronic fatigue and affective symptoms are associated with oxidative damage, lowered antioxidant defenses and inflammation: a proof of concept and mechanism study. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:564-578. [PMID: 36280755 PMCID: PMC9589528 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The immune-inflammatory response during the acute phase of COVID-19, as assessed using peak body temperature (PBT) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), predicts the severity of chronic fatigue, depression and anxiety symptoms 3-4 months later. The present study was performed to examine the effects of SpO2 and PBT during acute infection on immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Long COVID. This study assayed SpO2 and PBT during acute COVID-19, and C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCs), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), zinc, and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in 120 Long COVID individuals and 36 controls. Cluster analysis showed that 31.7% of the Long COVID patients had severe abnormalities in SpO2, body temperature, increased oxidative toxicity (OSTOX) and lowered antioxidant defenses (ANTIOX), and increased total Hamilton Depression (HAMD) and Anxiety (HAMA) and Fibromylagia-Fatigue (FF) scores. Around 60% of the variance in the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Long COVID (a factor extracted from HAMD, HAMA and FF scores) was explained by OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio, PBT and SpO2. Increased PBT predicted increased CRP and lowered ANTIOX and zinc levels, while lowered SpO2 predicted lowered Gpx and increased NO production. Lowered SpO2 strongly predicts OSTOX/ANTIOX during Long COVID. In conclusion, the impact of acute COVID-19 on the symptoms of Long COVID is partly mediated by OSTOX/ANTIOX, especially lowered Gpx and zinc, increased MPO and NO production and lipid peroxidation-associated aldehyde formation. The results suggest that post-viral somatic and mental symptoms have a neuroimmune and neuro-oxidative origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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Yu Y, Nie J, Zhao B, Tan J, Lv C, Lu J. Structure characterization and anti-fatigue activity of an acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115831. [PMID: 36244638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used in China for more than 2000 years. Its traditional effect of "invigorating vitality" is mainly reflected in anti-fatigue. However, due to the difficulty of identification of polysaccharide structure, there are few reports on homogeneous ginseng polysaccharide, and the molecular mechanism of its anti-fatigue effect remains to be further explored. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to find the homogenous ginseng polysaccharide with the most anti-fatigue effect, this study is for the first time extracted, isolated and structurally identified polysaccharide monomer from Mountain Cultivated Ginseng (MCG). Then the anti-fatigue activity and molecular mechanism were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The structure of ginseng acidic polysaccharide APS-1 prepared by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) was determined by acid hydrolysis/HPLC, methylation/GC-MS and NMR analysis. Anti-fatigue effect was evaluated by exhaustive swimming model, and AMPK axis-related proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS APS-1 significantly prolonged fatigue tolerance time, alleviated accumulation of BLA, LDH and BUN, increased activities of SOD and CAT, alleviated oxidative damage caused by MDA, increased activity of CK, regulated glycolysis, and alleviated muscle fiber contraction. The expressions of LKB1, p-AMPK, PGC-1α and Glut4 in muscle were significantly up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS The anti-fatigue effect of APS-1 was significantly, and the molecular mechanism may be related to the activation of AMPK axis signaling pathway to improve glucose uptake and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, 110006, PR China.
| | - Jianing Nie
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, 110006, PR China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, 110006, PR China.
| | - Jialiang Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, 110006, PR China.
| | - Chongning Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, 110006, PR China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110006, PR China.
| | - Jincai Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, 110006, PR China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110006, PR China.
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Alembagheri A, Hajimehdipoor H, Khoramjouy M, Esmaeili S, Faizi M. Antifatigue Effects of the Aqueous Extracts of Myrtle Berries, Apple and Clove: An Animal Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e140323. [PMID: 38444713 PMCID: PMC10912872 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-140323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms, increasing worldwide with no specific medication for fatigue. Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), or Persian medicine, is a reliable source for discovering natural medicine for diseases and their symptoms. Myrtus communis L. (Myrtle), Malus domestica Borkh. (Apple), and Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry (Clove) have been utilized as brain and heart tonics in ITM. Based on ITM, cardiac tonics decrease fatigue by enhancing heart function and increasing blood flow to tissues. These plants, particularly myrtle berries, have been utilized as potent enlivening agents that reduce mental fatigue. Objectives This study aims to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of these plants on weight-loaded forced swimming (WLFS) tests and three doses of aqueous myrtle extract in an animal model of chronic sleep deprivation-induced fatigue. Methods Five groups of rats (n = 6) were evaluated: Sham, control, apple-treated, clove-treated, and myrtle-treated groups. After 28 days of treatment, the WLFS test was performed, and swimming time was recorded. Subsequently, central fatigue was induced in rats by chronic sleep deprivation for 21 days. Five groups of rats (n = 6) were evaluated: Sham, control (sleep-deprived, which received water), and three sleep-deprived + treatment groups, which received aqueous myrtle extract (350, 700, and 1000 mg/kg). An open field test on the 20th day and a WLFS test on the 21st day were performed. Results The myrtle berries significantly increased glucose, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and enhanced swimming time. Fatigue caused by chronic sleep deprivation increased malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and LDH while decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose, and swimming time. In all treatment groups, SOD levels and swimming time were increased, whereas MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were decreased significantly. Only the 1000 mg/kg dose significantly reduced LDH levels (P < 0.001). The treatment significantly improved the velocity and the total distance moved in the open-field test. Conclusions According to the results, the myrtle berries reduced fatigue in two animal models, probably due to its phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Alembagheri
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajimehdipoor
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Khoramjouy
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Esmaeili
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huang WY, Pan JH, Jeong I, Oh SJ, Hyun YG, Kim MS, Han BK, Hong J, Koo YT, Lee KW, Jin B, Noh D, Kim S, Kim JK, Shin EC, Kim YJ. Antifatigue and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cervus elaphus L., Angelica gigas Nakai, and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge Complex Extracts in Physically Fatigued Mice. J Med Food 2022; 25:1126-1132. [PMID: 36516057 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common complaint among people under stress, causing an array of negative effects on physical function. In this study, we investigated the antifatigue and anti-inflammatory effects of Cervus elaphus L., Angelica gigas Nakai, and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge complex extracts (CAA) using a treadmill stress test in animal models. The mice were administered various doses of CAA (50-200 mg/kg bw per day) once daily for 21 days. After exhaustive treadmill exercise, the running time of CAA-treated mice increased 1.5 times; fatigue-related biochemical parameters, including lactate dehydrogenase (∼30%), creatine kinase (∼20%), and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β (∼10%), and IL-6 (∼10%) in the serum and muscle tissue were downregulated compared with those in exercised control mice. This study provides strong evidence for the prevention of CAA-induced inflammatory incidences mediated by the blockade of nuclear factor-κB activation. Collectively, our results indicate that CAA can alleviate symptoms of fatigue in mice as an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yan Huang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology and Korea University, Sejong, Korea.,BK21 FOUR Research Education Team for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Pan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Inhye Jeong
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Seong Ju Oh
- Department of Food and Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Yong Geon Hyun
- Department of Food and Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Moon Seong Kim
- Department of Food and Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Bok Kyung Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology and Korea University, Sejong, Korea.,Department of Food and Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jiyoun Hong
- Department of Food and Biotechnology and Korea University, Sejong, Korea.,Department of Food and Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Koo
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bora Jin
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongjin Noh
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangho Kim
- School of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology and Korea University, Sejong, Korea.,BK21 FOUR Research Education Team for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Korea.,Department of Food and Regulatory Science, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
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Yu Y, Liu H, Nie J, Tan J, Lv C, Lu J. Acidic polysaccharides of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng: The potential source of anti-fatigue nutrients. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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ZHANG M, XING L, WANG Y, LUO R, LI X, DONG J. Anti-fatigue activities of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.242703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijie XING
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Yuan WANG
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Ruifeng LUO
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Xianyi LI
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
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Kim H, Jeon W, Hong J, Lee J, Yeo C, Lee Y, Baek S, Ha I. Gongjin-Dan Enhances Neurite Outgrowth of Cortical Neuron by Ameliorating H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage via Sirtuin1 Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2021; 13:4290. [PMID: 34959841 PMCID: PMC8707945 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gongjin-dan (GJD) is a multiherbal formula produced from 10 medicinal herbs and has been traditonally used as an oriental medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, alcoholic hepatitis, mild dementia, and anemia. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests that GJD exerts neuroprotective effects by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress-induced events to prevent neurological diseases. However, the mechanism by which GJD prevents oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury in a mature neuron remains unknown. Here, we examined the preventive effect and mechanism of GJD on primary cortical neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In the neuroprotection signaling pathway, Sirtuin1 is involved in neuroprotective action as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases. After pre-treatment with GJD at three concentrations (10, 25, and 50 µg/mL) and stimulation by H2O2 (30 µM) for 24 h, the influence of GJD on Sirtuin1 activation was assessed using immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR, western blotting, and flow cytometry. GJD effectively ameliorated H2O2-induced neuronal death against oxidative damage through Sirtuin1 activation. In addition, GJD-induced Sirtuin1 activation accelerated elongation of new axons and formation of synapses via increased expression of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as regeneration-related genes. Thus, GJD shows potential for preventing neurological diseases via Sirtuin1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseong Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (H.K.); (W.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wanjin Jeon
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (H.K.); (W.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinyoung Hong
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (H.K.); (W.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junseon Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (H.K.); (W.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Changhwan Yeo
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (H.K.); (W.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yoonjae Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (H.K.); (W.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Seungho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Korea;
| | - Inhyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul 135-896, Korea; (H.K.); (W.J.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (C.Y.); (Y.L.)
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Lee DY, Chun YS, Kim JK, Lee JO, Ku SK, Shim SM. Curcumin Attenuates Sarcopenia in Chronic Forced Exercise Executed Aged Mice by Regulating Muscle Degradation and Protein Synthesis with Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6214-6228. [PMID: 33950680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of spray dry powders of Curcuma longa containing 40% curcumin (CM-SD), as a new aqueous curcumin formula, on sarcopenia in chronic forced exercise executed 10 month old ICR mice. CM-SD (80 and 40 mg/kg) increased calf thicknesses and strengths, total body and calf protein amounts, and muscle weights in both gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. mRNA expressions regarding muscle growth and protein synthesis were induced, while those of muscle degradation significantly declined in CM-SD treatment. CM-SD decreased serum biochemical markers, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species and increased endogenous antioxidants and enzyme activities. It also reduced immunoreactive myofibers for apoptosis and oxidative stress markers but increased ATPase in myofibers. These results suggest that CM-SD can be an adjunct therapy to exercise-based remedy that prevents muscle disorders including sarcopenia by anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and antioxidation-mediated modulation of gene expressions related to muscle degradation and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chun
- Aribio H&B Co., Ltd., #710, Yongin Techno Valley, 357, Guseong-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16914, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kyu Kim
- Aribio H&B Co., Ltd., #710, Yongin Techno Valley, 357, Guseong-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16914, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ok Lee
- Aribio H&B Co., Ltd., #710, Yongin Techno Valley, 357, Guseong-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16914, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Daegu Haany University, 1, Hanuidae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Anti-fatigue activity of gardenia yellow pigment and Cistanche phenylethanol glycosides mixture in hypoxia. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Eom TM, Kwon HH, Shin N, Kim DW, Fang Z, Seol IC, Kim YS, Kim HG, Yoo HR. Traditional Korean herbal formulae, Yuk-Mi-Ji-Hwang-Tang, ameliorates impairment of hippocampal memory ability by chronic restraint stress of mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113102. [PMID: 32544420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yuk-Mi-Jihwang-Tang (YJT) has been popularly prescribed to treat aging related disorders over than hundreds of years in East Asia countries. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate possible modulatory actions of YJT on chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced neurodegeneration on hippocampus neuronal injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally administered with YJT (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) or ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) before 4 h of stress for 28 days. Morris water maze task was completed from day 24th to 28th, and stress hormones and biochemical analyzes were measured. RESULTS Four weeks of the CRS abnormally affected memory impairments by measurement of escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant. Additionally, neurotransmitters were also drastically altered in serum or hippocampus protein levels by CRS. Gene expressions for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor, 5-HT-transport, and tryptophan hydroxylase were also altered, whereas YJT led to normalize the above alterations. Additionally, YJT also beneficially worked on endogenous redox system as well as inflammatory reactions in the hippocampal neurons. We observed that hippocampal excitotoxicity was induced by CRS which were evidenced by depletion of phosphor-cAMP response element-binding protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1 and abnormally increases of acetylcholine esterase activities in hippocampus protein levels; however, YJT considerably improved the above pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings supported YJT enhance memory function via regulation of hippocampal excitotoxicity-derived memory impairment, stress hormone, and endogenous redox, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Min Eom
- Department of Neurology Disorders, Dunsan Hospital, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, PR China
| | - In-Chan Seol
- Department of Neurology Disorders, Dunsan Hospital, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sik Kim
- Department of Neurology Disorders, Dunsan Hospital, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Ho-Ryong Yoo
- Department of Neurology Disorders, Dunsan Hospital, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Fatigue-induced Fos immunoreactivity within the lumbar cord and amygdala decreases after С 60 fullerene pretreatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9826. [PMID: 32555429 PMCID: PMC7299940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental aspects related to the mechanisms of action of C60 fullerene nanoparticles on the level of the central nervous system in different experimental conditions are still unclear. Electrophysiological investigation and immunohistochemical techniques of c-fos expression were combined to determine which neural elements within the lumbar segments and in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) are activated under skeletal muscle fatigue development with prior application of C60 fullerenes (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and in distilled water, FDS). After high-frequency electrical stimulation of the triceps surae muscle, the main fatigue-related increases in the c-Fos expression level were registered ipsilaterally within lamina 1 and 5 of the lumbar segments and within the contralateral capsular part of the CeA. C60 fullerene pretreatment in animals with subsequent electrical stimulation induced a distinct (2–4 times) decrease in the level of Fos immunoreactivity in the observed structures in comparison with only fatigue-induced rats. It can be supposed that FDS, as antioxidant compound, can decrease the concentration of free radicals in fatigued tissue and reduce the transmission intensity of nociceptive information from muscles to the spinal cord and amygdala, thereby changing the level of c-Fos expression within the lumbar segments and CeA.
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Anti-fatigue activity of purified anthocyanins prepared from purple passion fruit (P. edulis Sim) epicarp in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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14
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Maznychenko AV, Mankivska OP, Sokolowska (Vereshchaka) IV, Kopyak BS, Tomiak T, Bulgakova NV, Gonchar OO, Prylutskyy YI, Ritter U, Mishchenko IV, Kostyukov AI. C60 fullerenes increase the intensity of rotational movements in non-anesthetized hemiparkinsonic rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Natural medicines for the treatment of fatigue: Bioactive components, pharmacology, and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Abstract
This retrospective study investigated the effectiveness of percutaneous nerve electrical stimulation (PNES) for fatigue caused by chemotherapy for cervical cancer survivors.Totally, 83 cases of fatigue caused by chemotherapy for cervical cancer survivors were analyzed. All these cases were assigned to a treatment group (n = 43), and a control group (n = 40). Patients in the treatment group received PNES, while the subjects in the control group were on waiting list. The treatment was applied once daily for a total of 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was fatigue. It was evaluated by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), and Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ). The secondary endpoints consisted of anxiety and depression. They were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). All outcomes were measured before and after 6-week treatment.After treatment, PNES did not show significant difference in fatigue relief, measured by MFI (General fatigue, P = .31; Physical fatigue, P = .44; Activity, P = .36; Motivation, P = .55; Mental fatigue, P = .49), and FQ (Mental fatigue, P = .29; Physical fatigue, P = .35); and the reduction of anxiety and depression, measured by the HADS (Anxiety, P = .21; Depression, P = .17) after 6 weeks treatment between 2 groups.This study demonstrated that PNES may not benefit for cervical cancer survivors with fatigue caused by chemotherapy after 6-week treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fu
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi’an
| | - Hui-juan Guang
- Department of Gynecology, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang-zhuan Gao
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shaanxi, Xi’an
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Antifatigue Potential Activity of Sarcodon imbricatus in Acute Excise-Treated and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Mice via Regulation of Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9140896. [PMID: 30050662 PMCID: PMC6046126 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9140896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcodon imbricatus (SI), a precious edible fungus, contains 35.22% of total sugar, 18.33% of total protein, 24 types of fatty acid, 16 types of amino acid, and 8 types of minerals. Encouragingly, it is rich in potential antioxidants such as total polyphenols (0.41%), total sterols (3.16%), and vitamins (0.44%). In the present study, the antifatigue properties of SI and its potential mechanisms of action were explored by the experiments on acute excise-treated mice and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) mice. SI (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg) significantly enhanced exercise tolerance in the weight-loaded forced swimming test (FST) and rota-rod test (RRT) and reduced the immobility in the tail suspension test on CFS mice. SI markedly increased the levels of glycogen in the liver and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the liver and muscle and decreased the lactic acid (LD) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content in both acute swimming-treated mice and CFS mice. SI improved the endogenous cellular antioxidant enzyme contents in the two mouse models by improving the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, liver, and muscle, respectively. In CFS mice, the enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SOD1, SOD2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and catalase (CAT) in the liver were observed after a 32-day SI administration. Our data indicated that SI possessed antifatigue activity, which may be related to its ability to normalize energy metabolism and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. Consequently, SI can be expected to serve as a novel natural antifatigue supplement in health foods.
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Son MJ, Im HJ, Ku B, Lee JH, Jung SY, Kim YE, Lee SB, Kim JY, Son CG. An Herbal Drug, Gongjin-dan, Ameliorates Acute Fatigue Caused by Short-Term Sleep-Deprivation: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:479. [PMID: 29867485 PMCID: PMC5958722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Gongjin-dan (GJD) is an herbal drug commonly used in Korea and China to combat fatigue, but there are only few clinical studies on its effectiveness and experimental studies on its mechanism of action, and no randomized controlled trial of GJD on the efficacy and mechanism of action has been reported. Here, we performed an exploratory study to evaluate both questions regarding GJD use in humans. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted in the Republic of Korea. Healthy male participants were recruited and randomly allocated to groups receiving GJD-placebo or placebo-GJD in sequence. Fatigue was artificially induced by sleep deprivation for 2 nights. The primary outcome was a change in serum cortisol level; levels of biomarkers for stress hormones as well as oxidative stress and immunologic factors were also assessed, and questionnaires on fatigue and sleep quality were conducted. Results: Twelve and 11 participants were assigned to the GJD-placebo and placebo-GJD groups, respectively. Of all 23 participants, depending on crossover design, we analyzed a total of 20 participants for GJD, and 21 for placebo. An increase in serum cortisol appeared to be attenuated by GJD administration (p = 0.25), but the effect was not statistically significant; a similar pattern was observed in salivary cortisol levels (p = 0.14). Overall, GJD showed a tendency to reduce fatigue according to the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI, p = 0.07) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS, p = 0.13) questionnaires. BFI and FSS scores in the first stage (before the crossover), however, were significantly improved (BFI, p = 0.02; FSS, p = 0.05) after GJD treatment (relative to placebo). GJD also seemed to improve sleep quality as assessed by the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (p = 0.06), with a significant improvement specifically in the condition "Getting To Sleep" (p = 0.02). Five participants experienced minor adverse events, but no adverse events were specific to the GJD administration period. Conclusions: This trial produced the first clinical evidence that GJD might have anti-fatigue properties, especially under sleep deprivation; however, the investigation of cortisol-mediated mechanisms requires further larger-scale studies in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform KCT0001681 (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=KCT0001681).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ju Son
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hwi-Jin Im
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Boncho Ku
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Young Jung
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
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19
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Kim KY, Ku SK, Lee KW, Song CH, An WG. Muscle-protective effects of Schisandrae Fructus extracts in old mice after chronic forced exercise. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:175-187. [PMID: 29107647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandrae Fructus (SF), the dried fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., is a well-known traditional herb used in Asia for enhancing physical work capacity as well as providing anti-stress and anti-inflammatory effects. Extracts of SF (SFe) have also been reported to increase skeletal muscle mass and inhibit muscle atrophy. AIM OF THE STUDY We examined whether SFe had muscle-protective effects in old mice after chronic forced exercises, and, if so, relevant mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten-month-old aged male mice were divided into six groups. One group received no forced swimming after oral administration of distilled water (Intact); the other groups received forced swimming after administration of distilled water (SW), oxymetholone (OXY), or SFe at 500, 250 and 125mg/kg (SFe500, SFe250, and SFe125, respectively). Forced swimming was conducted for 2min at 30min after oral administration; the treatment was repeated for 28 days. Muscle thickness, weight, lean proportion, and strength were examined. The sampled muscles were subjected to histopathological and biochemical analyses. Plasma was examined by biochemical analyses. RESULTS The thicknesses of the calf muscle and the sampled gastrocnemius and soleus, protein proportion and muscle strength increased significantly in the SW group versus Intact, and they were further increased in the SFe and OXY groups versus SW. The forced swimming in the SW group upregulated mRNA expression related to protein synthesis (Akt1, PI3K) and muscle growth (A1R, TRPV4), while it downregulated mRNAs related to protein degradation (atrogin-1, MuRF1) and muscle growth inhibitor (myostatin, SIRT1). The detected upregulation and downregulation were enhanced in the SFe groups. In addition, the SFe administration inhibited lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, and accelerated activities of endogenous anti-oxidants and anti-oxidant enzymes. Plasma biochemistry showed decreases in creatine, creatine kinase and LDH in the SFe groups versus SW, suggesting muscle-protective effects of SFe. In the SFe groups versus SW, histopathological analyses revealed an increase in myofibre diameter, and immunohistochemistry showed increases in myofibres immunoreactive for ATPase and decreases in myofibres for apoptosis markers (caspase-3, PARP) and oxidative stress markers (NT, 4HNE, iNOS). CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of SFe, especially SFe500, enhanced exercise-induced adaptive muscle strengthening in aged mice after forced swimming through anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects, mediated via modulation of gene expression related to muscle synthesis or degradation. These results suggest that SFe may be helpful in improvement various muscle disorders as an adjuvant therapy to exercise-based remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, Bio Port Korea, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea; MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Lee
- Research Institute, Bio Port Korea, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea; MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won G An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Jung JW, Jeon SH, Bae WJ, Kim SJ, Chung MS, Yoon BI, Choi SW, Ha US, Hwang SY, Kim SW. Suppression of Oxidative Stress of Modified Gongjin-Dan (WSY-1075) in Detrusor Underactivity Rat Model Bladder Outlet Induced by Obstruction. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 24:670-675. [PMID: 29264842 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-oxidative stress and preventive effect of modified Gongjin-dan (WSY-1075) in a detrusor underactivity rat model. METHODS Rats were randomly allocated to three groups: shamoperated (control), bladder outlet obstruction-induced detrusor underactivity (BOO-DU), and BOO-DU with WSY-1075 (WSY) groups. WSY-1075 was orally administrated to rats 200 mg daily for 2 weeks prior to the operation and 4 weeks after the operation. Bladder outlet obstruction was surgically induced in rats by ligation around the urethra avoiding total obstruction. Cystometrography was conducted on rats in each group for examination of bladders. RESULTS Compared with the control group, bladder outlet obstruction led to a significant increase in oxidative stress with consequent changes to molecular composition, and decrease in maximal detrusor pressure (P<0.05). WSY-1075 treatment significantly suppressed oxidative stress and prevented degenerative and dysfunctional changes in bladder, as compared with BOO-DU group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION WSY-1075 had beneficial effect on prevention of BOO-DU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Jung
- Department of Urology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneungsi, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Jeon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Su Chung
- Department of Urology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Il Yoon
- Department of Urology, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Woong Choi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U Syn Ha
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ye J, Shen C, Huang Y, Zhang X, Xiao M. Anti-fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides prepared from Stichopus japonicus in an endurance swimming rat model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4548-4556. [PMID: 28337772 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is a well-known nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia which has attracted increasing attention because of its nutrition and bioactivities in recent years. In this study, the anti-fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides (SCP) prepared from S. japonicus was evaluated in a load-induced endurance swimming model. RESULTS The SCP prepared in this study was mainly made up of low-molecular-weight peptides (<2 kDa). The analysis result of amino acid composition revealed that SCP was rich in glycine, glutamic acid and proline. The endurance capability of rats to fatigue was significantly improved by SCP treatment. Meanwhile, the remarkable alterations of energy metabolic markers, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress biomarkers were normalized. Moreover, administration of SCP could modulate alterations of inflammatory cytokines and downregulate the overexpression of TRL4 and NF-κB. CONCLUSION SCP has anti-fatigue activity and it exerted its anti-fatigue effect probably through normalizing energy metabolism as well as alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihong Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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22
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Prylutskyy YI, Vereshchaka IV, Maznychenko AV, Bulgakova NV, Gonchar OO, Kyzyma OA, Ritter U, Scharff P, Tomiak T, Nozdrenko DM, Mishchenko IV, Kostyukov AI. C 60 fullerene as promising therapeutic agent for correcting and preventing skeletal muscle fatigue. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:8. [PMID: 28086894 PMCID: PMC5237293 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bioactive soluble carbon nanostructures, such as the C60 fullerene can bond with up to six electrons, thus serving by a powerful scavenger of reactive oxygen species similarly to many natural antioxidants, widely used to decrease the muscle fatigue effects. The aim of the study is to define action of the pristine C60 fullerene aqueous colloid solution (C60FAS), on the post-fatigue recovering of m. triceps surae in anaesthetized rats. Results During fatigue development, we observed decrease in the muscle effort level before C60FAS administration. After the application of C60FAS, a slower effort decrease, followed by the prolonged retention of a certain level, was recorded. An analysis of the metabolic process changes accompanying muscle fatigue showed an increase in the oxidative stress markers H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in relation to the intact muscles. After C60FAS administration, the TBARS content and H2O2 level were decreased. The endogenous antioxidant system demonstrated a similar effect because the GSH (reduced glutathione) in the muscles and the CAT (catalase) enzyme activity were increased during fatigue. Conclusions C60FAS leads to reduction in the recovery time of the muscle contraction force and to increase in the time of active muscle functioning before appearance of steady fatigue effects. Therefore, it is possible that C60FAS affects the prooxidant-antioxidant muscle tissue homeostasis, subsequently increasing muscle endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurij I Prylutskyy
- Department of Biophysics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Inna V Vereshchaka
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Andriy V Maznychenko
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine.
| | - Nataliya V Bulgakova
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Olga O Gonchar
- Department of Hypoxic States Investigation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Olena A Kyzyma
- Department of Biophysics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine.,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Weimarer Str. 25, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Peter Scharff
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Weimarer Str. 25, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Tomasz Tomiak
- University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego Str.1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dmytro M Nozdrenko
- Department of Biophysics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Iryna V Mishchenko
- Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Volya Avenue 13, Lutsk, 43025, Ukraine
| | - Alexander I Kostyukov
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine
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A Herbal Medicine, Gongjindan, in Subjects with Chronic Dizziness (GOODNESS Study): Study Protocol for a Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Clinical Trial for Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4363716. [PMID: 29387128 PMCID: PMC5745661 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4363716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study protocol aims to explore the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of a herbal medication,Gongjindan(GJD), in patients with chronic dizziness. This will be a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial. Seventy-eight patients diagnosed with Meniere’s disease, psychogenic dizziness, or dizziness of unknown cause will be randomized and allocated to either a GJD or a placebo group in a 1 : 1 ratio. Participants will be orally given 3.75 g GJD or placebo in pill form once a day for 56 days. The primary outcome measure will be the Dizziness Handicap Inventory score. Secondary outcome measures will be as follows: severity (mean vertigo scale and visual analogue scale) and frequency of dizziness, balance function (Berg Balance Scale), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and deficiency pattern/syndrome (qi blood yin yang-deficiency questionnaire) levels, and depression (Korean version of Beck’s Depression Inventory) and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) levels. To assess safety, adverse events, including laboratory test results, will be monitored. Further, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio will be calculated based on quality-adjusted life years (from the EuroQoL five dimensions’ questionnaire) and medical expenses. Data will be statistically analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 (two-sided). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT03219515, in July 2017.
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Forced treadmill exercise can induce stress and increase neuronal damage in a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia. Neurobiol Stress 2016; 5:8-18. [PMID: 27981192 PMCID: PMC5145912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is known to be a beneficial factor by increasing the cellular stress tolerance. In ischemic stroke, physical exercise is suggested to both limit the brain injury and facilitate behavioral recovery. In this study we investigated the effect of physical exercise on brain damage following global cerebral ischemia in mice. We aimed to study the effects of 4.5 weeks of forced treadmill running prior to ischemia on neuronal damage, neuroinflammation and its effect on general stress by measuring corticosterone in feces. We subjected C57bl/6 mice (n = 63) to either treadmill running or a sedentary program prior to induction of global ischemia. Anxious, depressive, and cognitive behaviors were analyzed. Stress levels were analyzed using a corticosterone ELISA. Inflammatory and neurological outcomes were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, multiplex electrochemoluminescence ELISA and Western blot. To our surprise, we found that forced treadmill running induced a stress response, with increased anxiety in the Open Field test and increased levels of corticosterone. In accordance, mice subjected to forced exercise prior to ischemia developed larger neuronal damage in the hippocampus and showed higher cytokine levels in the brain and blood compared to non-exercised mice. The extent of neuronal damage correlated with increased corticosterone levels. To compare forced treadmill with voluntary wheel running, we used a different set of mice that exercised freely on running wheels. These mice did not show any anxiety or increased corticosterone levels. Altogether, our results indicate that exercise pre-conditioning may not be beneficial if the animals are forced to run as it can induce a detrimental stress response. Enforcement to run results in anxious behavior. Mice that are forced to run have elevated levels of corticosterone. Enforcement to run results in more neuronal death in hippocampus. Corticosterone levels correlates with the neuronal damage in hippocampus. Increased corticosterone and anxiety is not seen in mice that run voluntarily.
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25
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Son MJ, Im HJ, Kim YE, Ku B, Lee JH, Son CG. Evaluation of the anti-fatigue effects of a traditional herbal drug, Gongjin-dan, under insufficient sleep conditions: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:418. [PMID: 27550184 PMCID: PMC4994160 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many herbal medicines are traditionally used as anti-fatigue agents in east Asian countries; however, there is a dearth of clinical evidence supporting the anti-fatigue effects of such medicines and their mechanisms. This study is a feasibility trial to assess the clinical efficacy of Gongjin-dan (GJD) and verify its mechanisms by exploring fatigue outcomes, including endocrine and immunological biomarkers in humans. Methods/Design To investigate the anti-fatigue effects of GJD and the mechanism underlying these effects, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial was designed. Participants (24 healthy male volunteers) will be hospitalised for 4 days (3 nights), during which acute fatigue and stress conditions will be induced by sleep deprivation, and GJD or a placebo will be administered (twice daily). The primary outcome will be changes in serum cortisol levels, measured in the morning, as an objective biomarker of sleep deprivation-induced fatigue and stress. The secondary outcomes will include: the Fatigue Severity Scale; the Brief Fatigue Inventory, and the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire scores; levels of salivary cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, oxidative stress-related biomarkers, homocysteine, and immunological factors; and heart rate variability. After a washout period of more than 4 weeks, a second treatment phase will commence in which participants who were previously administered the placebo will receive the drug and vice versa, following the same treatment regime as in the first phase. Discussion This study protocol provides a unique opportunity to enhance our understanding of fatigue and the effects of GJD on fatigue in terms of endocrine and immunological mechanisms by validating the study design and determining feasibility. Findings from this trial will help researchers to design a pilot or definitive clinical trial of traditional herbal medicine for chronic fatigue. Trial registration Korean National Clinical Trial Registry CRIS; KCT0001681, registered on 29 October 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ju Son
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Jin Im
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 176-9, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34929, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Boncho Ku
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea. .,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 176-9, Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 34929, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JS, Hong SS, Kim HG, Lee HW, Kim WY, Lee SK, Son CG. Gongjin-Dan Enhances Hippocampal Memory in a Mouse Model of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159823. [PMID: 27483466 PMCID: PMC4970723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the neuropharmacological effects of Gongjin-Dan (GJD) on the memory impairment caused by scopolamine injection. BALB/c mice were orally treated with GJD (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg, daily) or tacrine (THA, 10 mg/kg) for 10 days, and scopolamine (2 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. The radial arm maze and passive avoidance tests were performed to evaluate the animal’s learning and memory. Scopolamine increased the task completing time, the number of total errors (reference and working memory error) in the radial arm maze task, and the latency time in the passive avoidance test, which were significantly ameliorated by treatment with GJD. The GJD treatment also attenuated the scopolamine-induced hyperactivation of acetylcholinesterase activity, and suppression of the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and their receptors in the hippocampus. These effects of GJD were supported by both the doublecortin (DCX)-positive staining and Nissl staining, which were used to measure hippocampal neurogenesis and atrophy, respectively. These findings strongly suggest that GJD exerts a potent anti-amnesic effect, and its underlying mechanism might involve the modulation of cholinergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22–5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301–724, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Shin Hong
- Korean Medical College of Daejeon University, 22–5 Yongwoon-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22–5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301–724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Lee
- TKM-based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305–811, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22–5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301–724, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Keun Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical Collage of Daejeon University, 22–5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301–724, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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