1
|
Sun Y, Qi Z, Xu Y, Li C, Zhao J, Liu T. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitussive and antipyretic activities of polyphenol-enriched fraction from Nymphaea candida. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117789. [PMID: 38266950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Snow-white waterlily" (Nymphaea candida) dried flower possesses various efficacy in Uighur medicine such as reducing fever and nourishing the liver, anti-inflammatory and cough relieving, moistening the throat and quenching thirst. AIM OF THE STUDY Polyphenols are characteristic component of N. candida as well as its quality markers, and the purpose of this study was to conduct investigations into anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antipyretic, and analgesic activities of the polyphenol-enriched fraction from N. candida (NCTP) in order to validate the traditional efficacy of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polyphenols in NCTP were analyzed by HPLC, and an acute oral toxicity study was conducted for NCTP. The anti-inflammatory activities of NCTP were evaluated using xylene induced ear edema, capillary permeability, cotton pellet granuloma, and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, of which multiple biochemical indices were measured in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities; the analgesic activities were investigated using acetic acid writhing, hot plate test, and formalin test; the anti-tussive and antipyretic effects were tested by ammonia induced cough in mice and yeast-induced fever respectively. RESULTS NCTP with LD50 of 5222 mg/kg was low toxicity and safety. NCTP (200 mg/kg) could significantly reduce ear swelling and capillary permeability by 30.63% and 31.37%, respectively. NCTP revealed 15.76% inhibiting activities in cotton pellet granuloma in mice at a dosage of 200 mg/kg. Furthermore, NCTP (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) substantially decreased carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats between 1 and 5 h, and NCTP could decrease PGE2, 5-LOX, COX-2 levels as well as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α activities compared with the control group; NCTP could decrease MDA contents in carrageenin-induced rise, and increase SOD and GSH activities. Furthermore, the dose-dependent inhibition effect of NCTP on pain was revealed in the hot plate experiment. In addition to reducing the amount of writhes brought on by acetic acid, NCTP (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited pain latency against both stages of the formalin test. Moreover, NCTP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) showed the better antitussive activities in mice in a dose-dependent manner. In the yeast-induced pyrexia test, dosages of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg resulted in a statistically significant drop in rectal temperature. CONCLUSION The experimental results proved the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tussive and antipyretic activities of the polyphenol-enriched fraction from N. candida, and supported the traditional use of this plant as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Zhaoyao Qi
- School of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Yuanhui Xu
- School of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Chenyang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830004, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830004, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Ansari M, Al-Dahmash ND, Angulo-Bejarano PI, Ha HA, Nguyen-Thi TH. Phytochemical, bactericidal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of various extracts from Pongamia pinnata and functional groups characterization by FTIR and HPLC analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118044. [PMID: 38157963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The present research looked into possible biomedical applications of Pongamia pinnata leaf extract. The first screening of the phytochemical profile showed that the acetone extract had more phytochemicals than the other solvent extracts. These included more saponins, proteins, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, and sugar. The P. pinnata acetone extract exhibited highest antibacterial activity against C. diphtheriae. The bactericidal activity was found in the following order: C. diphtheria (14 mm) > P. aeruginosa (10 mm) > S. flexneri (9 mm) > S. marcescens (7 mm) > S. typhi (7 mm) > S. epidermidis (7 mm) > S. boydii (6 mm) > S. aureus (3 mm) at 10 mg mL-1 concentration. MIC value of 240 mg mL-1 and MBC is 300 mg mL-1 of concentration with 7 colonies against C. diphtheriae was noticed in acetone extract. Acetone extract of P. pinnata was showed highest percentage of inhibition (87.5 %) at 625 mg mL-1 concentrations by DPPH method. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity showed the fine albumin denaturation as 76% as well as anti-lipoxygenase was found as 61% at 900 mg mL-1 concentrations correspondingly. FT-IR analysis was used to determine the functional groups of compounds with bioactive properties. The qualitative examination of selected plants through HPLC yielded significant peak values determined by intervals through the peak value. In an acetone extract of P. pinnata, 9 functional groups were identified. These findings concluded that the acetone extract has high pharmaceutical value, but more in-vivo research is needed to assess its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mysoon Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Dahmash Al-Dahmash
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | - Hai-Anh Ha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dharshini KS, Yokesh T, Mariappan M, Ameen F, Amirul Islam M, Veerappan A. Photosynthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded paper for sensing mercury presence in environmental water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138610. [PMID: 37028721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals released by anthropogenic activities are extremely toxic to animals and plants due to their bioaccumulative and persistent environmental presence. In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized utilizing eco-friendly processes, and their potential in colorimetric Hg2+ ion sensing in environmental samples was examined. An aqueous extract of Hemidesmus indicus root (Sarsaparilla Root, ISR) rapidly converts silver ions into AgNPs within 5 min of exposure to sunlight. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that ISR-AgNPs are spherical, ranging from 15 to 35 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed phytomolecules stabilized the NPs with hydroxyl and carbonyl substituents. The ISR-AgNPs detect Hg2+ ions by a colour change that can be seen with the naked eye within 1 min. The probe is interference-free and detects the presence of Hg2+ ions in sewage water. A method for fabricating ISR-AgNPs onto paper was disclosed, and this portable ISR-AgNPs embedded paper device was found to be good at sensing mercury present in the water. The findings show that environmentally friendly synthesized AgNPs can contribute to developing onsite colorimetric sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karnan Singaravelu Dharshini
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Yokesh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariappan Mariappan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Amirul Islam
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari S, Saini R, Bhatnagar A, Mishra A. HR-LCMS and evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of Hemidesmus indicus (anantmool): Kinetic study, and molecular modelling approach. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 105:107896. [PMID: 37263051 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study delved into the exploration of novel antidiabetic medications acquired from natural resources, utilizing the Ayurvedic Rasayana herb Hemidesmus indicus through cutting-edge chemoprofiling and molecular modelling techniques. The methanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus root exhibited the highest extractive yield (24.70 ± 0.08 %) and contained substantial levels of total phenolic and flavonoid content as 154.15 ± 1.24 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/g extract and 70.61 ± 0.35 Quercetin Equivalent/g extract respectively. Invitro study revealed the potent inhibitory potential of methanolic extract of the herb against essential carbohydrate hydrolytic enzymes α-amylase (IC50 = 4.19 ± 0.04 mg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 5.78 ± 0.10 mg/ml). Further, the enzyme kinetic study demonstrated the competitive mode of inhibition of both enzymes. HR-LCMS analysis identified the major phytoconstituents present in the extracts, including Solanocapsine, Cyclovirobuxine C, Lucidine B, Zygadenine, Aspidospermidine, silychristin, 3beta-3-Hydroxy-18-lupen-21-one, Manglupenone, and 19-Noretiocholanolone. Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and MM/GBSA analysis have proved stable, rigid, compact, and folded form of complexes during the entire 100 ns simulation, illustrating Zygadenine, Solanocapsine, and Cyclovirobuxine C as the superior inhibitors of α-A protein, while Zygadenine, Plumieride, and Phlegmarine exhibited greater inhibitory behaviour towards α-G protein than the FDA-approved drug acarbose. Collectively, our findings indicate that the Hemidesmus indicus could be a promising source of α-A and α-G inhibitors, potentially serving as a lead in order to develop medications for type-2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Kumari
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Saini
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Bhatnagar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wadaan MA, Baabbad A, Khan MF, Saravanan M, Anderson A. Phytochemical profiling, anti-hyperglycemic, antifungal, and radicals scavenging potential of crude extracts of Athyrium asplenioides- an in-vitro approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116129. [PMID: 37187305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This research was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile, antifungal, anti-hyperglycemic, as well as antioxidant activity competence of different extracts of Athyrium asplenioides through in-vitro approach. The A. asplenioides crude methanol extract contained considerable quantity of pharmaceutically precious phytochemicals (saponins, tannins, quinones, flavonoid, phenols, steroid, and terpenoids) than others (acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform). Interestingly, the crude methanol extract showed remarkable antifungal activity against Candida species (C. krusei: 19.3 ± 2 mm > C. tropicalis: 18.4 ± 1 mm > C. albicans: 16.5 ± 1 mm > C. parapsilosis: 15.5 ± 2 mm > C. glabrate: 13.5 ± 2 mm > C. auris: 7.6 ± 1 mm) at a concentration of 20 mg mL-1. The crude methanol extract also showed remarkable anti-hyperglycemic activity on concentration basis. Surprisingly, remarkable free radicals scavenging potential against DPPH (76.38%) and ABTS (76.28%) free radicals at a concentration of 20 mg mL-1. According to the findings, the A. asplenioides crude methanol extract contains pharmaceutically valuable phytochemicals and may be useful for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Bio-Products Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Almohannad Baabbad
- Bio-Products Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Bio-Products Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mythili Saravanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, USA
| | - A Anderson
- Faculty of Science of Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shilpha J, Meyappan V, Sakthivel N. Bioinspired synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Hemidesmus indicus L. root extract and their antibiofilm efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Sannat C, Hirpurkar SD, Shakya S, Dutta GK, Roy M, Jolhe DK, Singh J, Patyal A, Rawat N, Gade NE, Tripathi SM, Kalim MO. Methanolic extract of Hemidesmus indicus root augments the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of amoxicillin and clindamycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of bovine origin. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1579-1589. [PMID: 36053759 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of MHIR in combination with amoxicillin and clindamycin against biofilm-forming MRSA isolated from milk samples of mastitic cows. Microdilution susceptibility testing and microtiter plate assays were used to evaluate the in-vitro efficacy of MHIR and antibiotic combinations against MRSA (n=12). Furthermore, in-vitro findings were validated in a murine model. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin and clindamycin in combination with MHIR were significantly (P<0.05) lower than when used alone against MRSA. In terms of antibacterial activity, MHIR showed additive interaction (Fractional inhibitory concentrationindex >0.5-4) with amoxicillin and clindamycin against all the MRSA isolates, whereas MHIR synergizes (Fractional biofilm inhibitory concentrationindex ≤0.5) the antibiofilm activity of amoxicillin and clindamycin against 58.33% and 83.33% of the MRSA isolates, respectively. Amoxicillin/clindamycin in combination with MHIR significantly (P<0.05) reduced disease activity score, and,; bacterial load and Gram-positive spots in kidney and liver of MRSA infected mice. The combined efficacy of MHIR and amoxicillin/clindamycin was comparable to clindamycin alone but superior to amoxicillin alone. Hence, the combination of MHIR with amoxicillin/clindamycin is advocated in the treatment of MRSA-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrahas Sannat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S D Hirpurkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjay Shakya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - G K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Manju Roy
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - D K Jolhe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Jasmeet Singh
- Wild life health and forensic, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Anil Patyal
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nitin E Gade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S M Tripathi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - M O Kalim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Anjora, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thakur M, Vasudeva N, Sharma S, Datusalia AK. Plants and their Bioactive Compounds as a Possible Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-126021. [PMID: 36045522 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220830164432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury is an outcome of the physical or mechanical impact of external forces on the brain. Thus, the silent epidemic has complex pathophysiology affecting the brain along with extracranial or systemic complications in more than one organ system, including the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal and endocrine system. which is referred to as Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. It is driven by three interconnected mechanisms such as systemic hyperinflammation, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, and immunosuppression-induced sepsis. These multifaceted pathologies accelerate the risk of mortality in clinical settings by interfering with the functions of distant organs through hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, acute lung injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, reduced gastrointestinal motility, Cushing ulcers, acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, endocrine dysfunction, and many other impairments. The pharmaceutical treatment approach for this is highly specific in its mode of action and linked to a variety of side effects, including hallucinations, seizures, anaphylaxis, teeth, bone staining, etc. Therefore, alternative natural medicine treatments are widely accepted due to their broad complementary or synergistic effects on the physiological system with minor side effects. CONCLUSION This review is a compilation of the possible mechanisms behind the occurrence of multiorgan dysfunction and reported medicinal plants with organoprotective activity that have not been yet explored against traumatic brain injury and thereby, highlighting the marked possibilities of their effectiveness in the management of multiorgan dysfunction. As a result, we attempted to respond to the hypothesis against the usage of medicinal plants to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Neeru Vasudeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Narayanankutty A, Kunnath K, Jose B, Ramesh V, Rajagopal R, Alfarhan A, Al-Ansari A. Analysis of the chemical composition of root essential oil from Indian sarsaparilla ( Hemidesmus indicus) and its application as an ecofriendly insecticide and pharmacological agent. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7248-7252. [PMID: 34867028 PMCID: PMC8626244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indian sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus) is a commonly used plant in Indian traditional medicine of Ayurveda for the preparation of various non-alcoholic beverages. However, limited studies are available on the essential oil of H. indicus roots (HRO); therefore, the study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities of H. indicus root essential oil as well as insecticide potential against the common pests of stored food materials (Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus maculatus and Tribolium castaneum). The repellant efficacy of HRO was found to be high against S. oryzae (8.21 ± 0.55 μg/mL). Likewise, the fumigant potential was also observed for HRO against these pests; the higher activities were observed against S. oryzae and C. maculatus (32.46 ± 1.42 and 35.18 ± 1.62 μg/L). Besides, the essential oil was also found to be active as a contact poison, however, against all the three pests, the toxicity was above 100 μg/mm3, being the highest against C. maculatus (122.8 ± 3.57 μg/mm3). To analyze the possible effect of the essential oil on grains, the different grains were allowed to germinate and compared to that of normal; thus, the non-toxic nature of HRO against the stored products is also confirmed. The essential oil shown to have DPPH hydrogen peroxide and ABTS radical scavenging, nitric oxide scavenging potential, and inhibition of lipoxgenase, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Overall, the present study concludes that the H. indicus may be a suitable repellant and fumigant agent against different pests of stored products and a possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Kerala, India
| | | | - Boby Jose
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Kerala, India
| | - Varsha Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Abdullah Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arya A, Kumar S, Paul R, Suryavanshi A, Kain D, Sahoo RN. Ethnopharmacological survey of indigenous medicinal plants of Palampur, Himachal Pradesh in north-western Himalaya, India. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Shrivastava S, Daharwal SJ. Box-Behnken design avenue for development and validation of high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for estimation of rutin in Hemidesmus indicus. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5236. [PMID: 34469592 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the content of rutin in Hemidesmus indicus and to optimize the high-performance thin-layer chromatography method. The method was validated in compliance with the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines Q2 (R1) for parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation. A Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology has been used to investigate the impact of independent variables on the response. Three independent variables, mobile phase composition (% v/v), mobile phase volume (mL), and duration of saturation (min), were studied. Rutin was verified, and its content was determined using a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method with good linearity within the range of 200-1000 ng spot-1 with r2 = 0.9998 and correlation coefficient with calibration curve equation y = 0.0297x + 0.0001. The average percentage recovery values varied from 99.03 to 101.15 and 98.88 to 100.12%, respectively, for in-house and marketed mother tincture). The peak area determination at three different concentration levels shows low values of percentage relative standard deviation (<2%) for inter-day (0.04-0.06) and intra-day (0.04-0.05) precision of rutin. The average content of rutin in extract and marketed mother tincture was 229 ± 0.57 and 210 ± 0.57 μg g-1 . The proposed method was simple, precise, and accurate for the determination of rutin with frequent quality control assessment of H. indicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Shrivastava
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Sanjay J Daharwal
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Haroon HB, Perumalsamy V, Nair G, Anand DK, Kolli R, Monichen J, Prabha K. Repression of Polyol Pathway Activity by Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens R.Br. Linn Root Extract, an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor: An In Silico and Ex Vivo Study. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:315-324. [PMID: 33284412 PMCID: PMC8141070 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of diabetic cataract is mainly associated with the accumulation of sorbitol via the polyol pathway through the action of Aldose reductase (AR). Hence, AR inhibitors are considered as potential agents in the management of diabetic cataract. This study explored the AR inhibition potential of Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens root extract by in silico and ex vivo methods. Molecular docking studies (Auto Dock tool) between β-sitosterol, hemidesminine, hemidesmin-1, hemidesmin-2, and AR showed that β-sitosterol (- 10.2 kcal/mol) and hemidesmin-2 (- 8.07 kcal/mol) had the strongest affinity to AR enzyme. Ex vivo studies were performed by incubating isolated goat lenses in artificial aqueous humor using galactose (55 mM) as cataract inducing agent at room temperature (pH 7.8) for 72 h. After treatment with Vitamin E acetate - 100 µg/mL (standard) and test extract (500 and 1000 µg/mL) separately, the estimation of biochemical markers showed inhibition of lens AR activity and decreased sorbitol levels. Additionally, extract also normalized the levels of antioxidant markers like SOD, CAT, GSH. Our results showed evidence that H. indicus var. pubescens root was able to prevent cataract by prevention of opacification and formation of polyols that underlines its potential as a possible therapeutic agent against diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajira Banu Haroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India.
| | - Vijaybhanu Perumalsamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Gouri Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Dhanusha Koppal Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Rajitha Kolli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Joel Monichen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Kanchan Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodrigues V, Kumar A, Gokul S, Shukla AK, Ravikumar K, Sundaresan V. Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex Hook. f.) Venter: A steno-endemic and critically endangered medicinal and aromatic plant from Western Ghats, India. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Rodrigues V, Kumar A, Prabhu KN, Pragadheesh VS, Shukla AK, Sundaresan V. Adventitious root cultures of Decalepis salicifolia for the production of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, a vanillin isomer flavor metabolite. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3087-3099. [PMID: 33829315 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex. Hook.f.) Venter is a potential natural source of the vanillin isomer, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2H4MB), an aromatic compound. However, the utilization of the plant is hindered especially due to its critically endangered status and the root-specific accumulation of the compound. The use of in vitro culture techniques offers a sustainable means for the production of valuable metabolites. In this study, an efficient system was established for the production of 2H4MB in the adventitious root cultures of D. salicifolia. Leaf explants of in vitro grown plants produced on an average 4.33 ± 2.07 number of roots with root initiation frequency of 95.69 ± 3.74% in woody plant medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/L kinetin (Kn). The adventitious root biomass accumulation of 10.61 ± 0.89 g fresh weight (FW) was obtained in woody plant liquid media containing 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in 60 days of inoculation. Field-grown plants of the same age produced 0.30 ± 0.02 g FW, which was 35-fold lower than the adventitious root culture. The total production of 2H4MB in the same growth period was 4.9-fold higher in adventitious root culture (139.54 μg) as compared to field-grown plants (28.62 μg). Furthermore, sucrose concentration of 2% was favorable for biomass accumulation, whereas 5% was favorable for 2H4MB production. On the other hand, media pH 5.0 was suitable for biomass production and pH 7.0 was best suited for accumulation of 2H4MB. The adventitious roots also showed stable production of biomass and 2H4MB over 2 years. The established adventitious root culture system is suitable for further large-scale production of 2H4MB for flavor and fragrance industrial applications. KEY POINTS: • Biomass accumulation was higher in adventitious root cultures than in field-grown plants. • Manipulation of sucrose concentration and media pH led to increased 2H4MB production. • Adventitious roots showed stable biomass and 2H4MB production over 2 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vereena Rodrigues
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India.,Phytopharmaceuticals Division, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kamasamudra N Prabhu
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - V S Pragadheesh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Analytical Chemistry and Phytochemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.,Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- Plant Biology and Systematics, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abdel-Kader MS, Alqasoumi SI. In Vivo Hepatoprotective and Nephroprotective Activity of Acylated Iridoid Glycosides from Scrophularia hepericifolia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:145. [PMID: 33673028 PMCID: PMC7918105 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the chloroform fraction obtained from Scrophularia hypericifolia aerial parts led to the isolation of nine acylated iridoid glycosides. The new compounds were identified as 6-O-α-L(2″-acetyl, 3″,4″-di-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl-6'-acetyl catalpol (6'-acetyl hypericifolin A) (1), 6-O-α-L(2″, 4″-diacetyl, 3″-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl-6'-acetyl catalpol (6'-acetyl hypericifolin B) (2), 6-O-α-L(2″-acetyl, 3″,4″-di-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (hypericifolin A) (3) and 6-O-α-L(2″, 4″-diacetyl, 3″-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (hypericifolin B) (4). Previously reported compounds were identified as laterioside (5), 8-O-acetylharpagide (6), 6-O-α-L(4'-O-trans-cinnamoyl) rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (7), lagotisoside D (8) and harpagoside (9). Identification achieved via analyses of physical and spectral data including 1D, 2D NMR and High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS). Compounds 2-4 and 6 were subjected to biological evaluation against paracetamol-induced toxicity. The biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) as well as total bilirubin were used to access the liver condition. Measurement of serum levels of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium cations were indicators for kidney condition. Liver and kidney samples were subjected to histopathological study. The best protection was found in the group treated with 3 followed by 4 and 6, while 2 was almost inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maged S. Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
| | - Saleh I. Alqasoumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nille GC, Chaudhary AK. Potential implications of Ayurveda in Psoriasis: A clinical case study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:172-177. [PMID: 33546993 PMCID: PMC8039350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response of a human body to the uncertain factors leads to the accelerated inflammatory proliferation of the ailing cells of the skin known as Psoriasis. Although the condition found described many decades ago, the etiology and treatment look under-researched. In Ayurveda, many herbs have proven efficacy in psoriasis, but the multifaceted etiology of the disease needs a multimodal treatment approach. We report about Ayurveda treatment in a 68-year-old female patient with plaque psoriasis presented with erythematous plaques on the anterior surface of the legs, right forehand, and neck region. The Auspitz sign and Koebner phenomenon were positive. The treatment protocol was adopted as per Ayurvedic samprapti (pathophysiology) and the patient cured completely without reporting any adverse events after the one year of treatment. No recurrence observed even after one year of the halted treatment. The importance of a wholesome diet as a health promoter is also revalidated. Photographic documentation was recorded with the proper consent of the patient during successive treatment and regular follow-ups. Altogether, multimodal Ayurveda treatment led to speedy and substantial recovery from a chronic case of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guruprasad C Nille
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishjya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Anand Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishjya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Genome skimming and NMR chemical fingerprinting provide quality assurance biotechnology to validate Sarsaparilla identity and purity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19192. [PMID: 33154455 PMCID: PMC7645426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarsaparilla is a popular natural health product (NHP) that has been reported to be one of the most adulterated botanicals in the marketplace. Several plausible explanations are documented including economically motivated product substitution, unintentional errors due to ambiguous trade name associated with several different taxa, and wild harvesting of incorrect non-commercial plants. Unfortunately, this includes the case of an adulterant species Decalepis hamiltonii, a Red listed medicinal plant species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and declared as a species with high conservation concern by the National Biodiversity Authority of India (NBA). This study provides validated genomic (genome skimming & DNA probes) and metabolomic (NMR chemical fingerprints) biotechnology solutions to prevent adulteration on both raw materials and finished products. This is also the first use of Oxford Nanopore on herbal products enabling the use of genome skimming as a tool for quality assurance within the supply chain of botanical ingredients. The validation of both genomics and metabolomics approach provided quality assurance perspective for both product identity and purity. This research enables manufactures and retailers to verify their supply chain is authentic and that consumers can enjoy safe, healthy products.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nandy S, Singh J, Pandey DK, Dey A. Hemidesmus indicus L. Br.: critical assessment of in vitro biotechnological advancements and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8517-8548. [PMID: 32910270 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult., commonly known as Indian sarsaparilla or Anantamul, is an ethnopharmacologically important medicinal plant from the family Apocynaceae. Biosynthesis of an array of bioactive compounds such as methoxybenzaldehydes and their derivatives has been accountable for its intensive medicinal attributes. Low seed setting, over-exploitation from natural habitat and a need for selection and preservation of elite germplasms yielding higher levels of bioactive compounds have led researchers to enquire the standardization of micropropagation techniques and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals from H. indicus. The present work aims to have a comprehensive account on micropropagation in H. indicus, a comparative estimation of biotic and abiotic factors, viz. elicitors and precursors playing a crucial role in H. indicus tissue culture, a critical appraisal of applied protocols to nullify embellished claims and a discussion on future perspectives. The review also highlights the comparative effect of different plant growth regulators as well as their combined role in rhizogenesis, callogenesis, base callus formation, callusing and somatic embryo-mediated indirect organogenesis, outcome of explant selection, contribution of abiotic (temperature, photoperiod, moisture, inorganic molecules) factors, role of carbon source, application of sterilization techniques and associated success rates, role of factors essential for acclimatization and secondary metabolite production, synthetic seed production and genetic transformation techniques. The compiled information along with individual study details, respective outcome and variability of reports will aid in proper assessment of cited standardized tissue culture protocols in H. indicus especially in relation to secondary metabolite production. Moreover, the assessment of applicability of different methodologies in this aspect will aid in the selection of high-yielding germplasms or chemotypes which is not only profitable for industrial application but also important for basic and applied preclinical and clinical research studies. KEY POINTS: • Critical and updated assessment on in vitro biotechnology in Hemidesmus indicus. • Biotechnological advancement via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. • Key shortcomings and future research directions Graphical abstract Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on Micropropagation and secondary metabolite synthesis in Hemidesmus indicus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Indian sarsaparilla, Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult: tissue culture studies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6463-6479. [PMID: 32535696 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult is commonly known as anantmul or Indian sarsaparilla. The roots of this plant, which display a wide range of medicinal, biological, and phytopharmaceutical properties, are used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Conventionally, the plant is propagated by seed germination or vegetatively, but the efficacy of traditional methods has some limitations: plants derived from seed germination are prone to seed-borne diseases, or plantlet production using vegetative propagation is limited. In contrast, plant tissue culture allows for large-scale propagation and secondary metabolite production in vitro without sacrificing plants from their natural habitats. Many efforts have been made over 40 years of research to establish efficient micropropagation protocols to speed up cultivation of this plant, including callus-mediated in vitro propagation, somatic embryogenesis, and shoot multiplication using cotyledenory nodes, stem segments, shoot tips, and nodal explants. Among these explants, nodal explants are the most commonly used for H. indicus micropropagation. The application of adenine sulfate, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and arginine may be useful in preventing explant browning, premature leaf senescence, and shoot tip abscission during in vitro culture. This review provides insight into micropropagation, use of synthetic seeds for short-term germplasm preservation, and in vitro production of secondary metabolites such as 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, lupeol, vanillin, and rutin, from in vitro root and callus cultures. Furthermore, unexplored and possible innovative areas of research in Hemidesmus biotechnology are also discussed. KEY POINTS: • Hemidesmus indicus has multiple therapeutic applications. • H. indicus roots are used in confectionary and pharmacy. • This review comprehensively assesses H. indicus tissue culture. • Challenges and future research of H. indicus biotechnology are discussed.
Collapse
|