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Tek NA, Şentüre ŞA, Ersoy N. Is Propolis a Potential Anti-Obesogenic Agent for Obesity? Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:186-193. [PMID: 38436884 PMCID: PMC11133030 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Propolis is a bee product that has been used for thousands of years. The chemical composition and biological activity of propolis, which has been investigated in the twentieth century, may vary according to location. Propolis polyphenols can induce thermogenesis in brown and beige fat tissue via the uncoupled protein-1 and creatinine kinase metabolic pathways. This review provides a comprehensive investigation of the structural and biological properties of propolis and provides insights into their promising potential strategies in body weight management. RECENT FINDINGS By raising overall energy expenditure, it might lead to body weight management. Furthermore, the phenolic components artepillin C, quercetin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid found in its composition may have anti-obesogenic effect by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, enhancing browning in white adipose tissue, and triggering AMP-activated protein kinase activation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Propolis, a natural product, is effective in preventing obesity which is a contemporary pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Acar Tek
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Gazi University, Emek, Bişkek Main St. 6. St No: 2, 06490, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şerife Akpınar Şentüre
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Gazi University, Emek, Bişkek Main St. 6. St No: 2, 06490, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nursena Ersoy
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Ankara University, Fatih Caddesi No:197/7 PK:06290, Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang R, Gu M, Zhang Y, Zhong Q, Chen L, Li D, Xie Z. Long-term drinking of green tea combined with exercise improves hepatic steatosis and obesity in male mice induced by high-fat diet. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:776-785. [PMID: 38370081 PMCID: PMC10867457 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits and exercise play an important role in the well-being of human health. Currently, how long of drinking tea combined with exercise could efficiently ameliorate hepatic steatosis and obesity still needs to be investigated. Here, short-term and long-term green tea drinking combined with exercise were studied to improve hepatic steatosis and obesity in high-fat diet-induced (HF) mice. Our results showed that Yunkang 10 green tea (GT) combined with exercise (Ex) exhibited synergistic prevention effects on ameliorating hepatic steatosis and obesity. Especially, 22-week intervention with GT or Ex improved all symptoms of obesity, which indicated that long-term intervention exhibited profound preventive effects than the short term. Moreover, the combined intervention of 22 weeks inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which suggests that tea combined exercise may improve liver steatosis mainly by inhibiting inflammation. The key molecules for regulating lipid and glucose metabolism SCD1 were obviously downregulated, and GLU2 and PPARγ were significantly upregulated by GT and exercise in the liver of high-fat diet-induced mice. This study demonstrated that long-term intervention with GT and exercise effectively relieved hepatic steatosis and obesity complications by ameliorating hepatic inflammation, reducing lipid synthesis, and accelerating glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Mingxing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yanzhong Zhang
- Department of Sports SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Qinglin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Linbo Chen
- Tea Research InstituteYunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and TechnologyAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
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Tonelli CA, de Oliveira SQ, Silva Vieira AAD, Biavatti MW, Ritter C, Reginatto FH, Campos AMD, Dal-Pizzol F. Clinical efficacy of capsules containing standardized extract of Bauhinia forficata Link (pata-de-vaca) as adjuvant treatment in type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized, double blind clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114616. [PMID: 34506937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bauhinia forficata Link, is a Brazilian native plant and popularly known as pata-de-vaca ("paw-of-cow"). The tea prepared with their leaves has been extensively used in the Brazilian traditional practices for the diabetes treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of capsules containing granules of a standardized extract of B. forficata leaves as adjuvant treatment on the glycemic control of patients with type-2 diabetes melitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A double-blind, randomized clinical trial using capsules containing granules prepared by wet granulation of a standardized extract from B. forficata leaves as adjuvant treatment, was conducted. 92 patients aged 18-75 years from an outpatient clinic with type-2 diabetes were randomly assigned by a simple randomization scheme, in a 1:1 ratio to receive capsules of B. forficata or placebo for four months. The capsules used contain 300 mg of standardized extract from B. forficata leaves, yielding 2% of total flavonoid content per capsule. Primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin levels and fasting plasma glucose at 4 months. Possible harms were also determined. RESULTS The findings showed that at 4 months, the mean fasting plasma glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin were both significantly lower in the B. forficata group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the adjunctive use of capsules containing standardized extract of B. forficata can add to regular oral anti-diabetics in the metabolic and inflammatory control of type-2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos André Tonelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Simone Quintana de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andriele Aparecida da Silva Vieira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maique Weber Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ritter
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Reginatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Angela Machado de Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Li J, Chen Q, Zhai X, Wang D, Hou Y, Tang M. Green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by activating fat browning. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6548-6558. [PMID: 34925784 PMCID: PMC8645728 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose browning leads to increased energy expenditure and reduced adiposity and has, therefore, become an attractive therapeutic strategy for obesity. In this study, we elucidated the effect of green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) on the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (Ing-WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The main phytochemical components identified in GTAE through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) included (-)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, caffeine, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-gallocatechin gallate, and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate. Daily supplementation with 1% GTAE for 12 weeks markedly reduced bodyweight gain, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and improved insulin resistance. Additionally, histological analysis revealed that dietary supplementation with 1% GTAE reversed HFD-induced adipocyte size and hepatic steatosis. These effects were associated with activation of browning in the Ing-WAT and BAT, which mediate systemic metabolic dysfunction in HFD-fed mice. Taken together, our data support the use of GTAE, a natural product, for the attenuation of obesity through the activation of fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Qiyang Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiuming Zhai
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yujia Hou
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Min Tang
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
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Wiśniewski O, Rajczewski A, Szumigała A, Gibas-Dorna M. Diet-Induced Adipocyte Browning. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/143164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Xu XY, Zhao CN, Li BY, Tang GY, Shang A, Gan RY, Feng YB, Li HB. Effects and mechanisms of tea on obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-18. [PMID: 34704503 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1992748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health concern. It increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and certain cancers, which threatens human health and increases social economic burden. As one of the most consumed beverages, tea contains various phytochemicals with potent bioactive properties and health-promoting effects, such as antioxidant, immune-regulation, cardiovascular protection and anticancer. Tea and its components are also considered as potential candidates for anti-obesity. Epidemiological studies indicate that regular consumption of tea is beneficial for reducing body fat. In addition, the experimental studies demonstrate that the potential anti-obesity mechanisms of tea are mainly involved in increasing energy expenditure and lipid catabolism, decreasing nutrient digestion and absorption as well as lipid synthesis, and regulating adipocytes, neuroendocrine system and gut microbiota. Moreover, most of clinical studies illustrate that the intake of green tea could reduce body weight and alleviate the obesity. In this review, we focus on the effect of tea and its components on obesity from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, and discuss their potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China Hong Kong
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Shang A, Li J, Zhou DD, Gan RY, Li HB. Molecular mechanisms underlying health benefits of tea compounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:181-200. [PMID: 34118386 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tea is one of the three most widely consumed beverages in the world, not only because of its unique flavor but also due to its various health benefits. The bioactive components in tea, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, polypeptides, pigments, and alkaloids, are the main contributors to its health functions. Based on epidemiological surveys, the consumption of tea and its compounds in daily life has positive effects on cardiovascular diseases, cancers, hepatopathy, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. In experimental studies, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, cardiovascular protective, liver protective, and hypoglycemic activities of tea and the related mechanisms of action have been widely investigated. The regulation of several classical signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and wingless/integrated (Wnt) signaling, is involved. Clinical trials have also demonstrated the potential of tea products to be applied as dietary supplements and natural medicines. In this paper, we reviewed and discussed the recent literature on the health benefits of tea and its compounds, and specifically explored the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Segura-Carretero A, Ruiz JR. Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue and Promotion of White Adipose Tissue Browning by Plant-based Dietary Components in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2147-2156. [PMID: 34265040 PMCID: PMC8634450 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and promotion of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is considered a potential tool to combat obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. The use of plant-based dietary components has become one of the most used strategies for activating BAT and promoting WAT browning in rodents. The main reason is because plant-based dietary components are usually recognized as safe when the dose is properly adjusted, and they can easily be administrated by being added to the diet or dissolved in water. The present systematic review aimed to study the effects of plant-based dietary components on activation of BAT and promotion of WAT browning in rodents. A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus (from 1978 to 2019) identified eligible studies. Studies assessing the effects of plant-based dietary components added to diet and/or water on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in BAT and/or WAT were included. Studies that used dietary components of animal origin, did not specify the effects on UCP1, or were conducted in other species different from mice or rats were excluded. Of 3919 studies identified in the initial screening, 146 studies were finally included in the review. We found that tea extract catechins, resveratrol, capsaicin and capsinoids, cacao extract flavanols, and quercetin were the most studied components. Scientific evidence suggests that some of these dietary components activate BAT and promote WAT browning via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways. These findings reveal that there is strong scientific evidence supporting the use of plant-based dietary components to activate BAT and promote WAT browning in rodents and thus to potentially combat obesity and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park Avda. Del Conocimiento, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Peng WQ, Xiao G, Li BY, Guo YY, Guo L, Tang QQ. l-Theanine Activates the Browning of White Adipose Tissue Through the AMPK/α-Ketoglutarate/Prdm16 Axis and Ameliorates Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:1458-1472. [PMID: 33863801 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
l-Theanine is a nonprotein amino acid with much beneficial efficacy. We found that intraperitoneal treatment of the mice with l-theanine (100 mg/kg/day) enhanced adaptive thermogenesis and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) with elevated expression of Prdm16, Ucp1, and other thermogenic genes. Meanwhile, administration of the mice with l-theanine increased energy expenditure. In vitro studies indicated that l-theanine induced the development of brown-like features in adipocytes. The shRNA-mediated depletion of Prdm16 blunted the role of l-theanine in promoting the brown-like phenotypes in adipocytes and in the iWAT of mice. l-theanine treatment enhanced AMPKα phosphorylation both in adipocytes and iWAT. Knockdown of AMPKα abolished l-theanine-induced upregulation of Prdm16 and adipocyte browning. l-Theanine increased the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) level in adipocytes, which may increase the transcription of Prdm16 by inducing active DNA demethylation on its promoter. AMPK activation was required for l-theanine-induced increase of α-KG and DNA demethylation on the Prdm16 promoter. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration with l-theanine ameliorated obesity, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and reduced plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids in the high-fat diet-fed mice. Our results suggest a potential role of l-theanine in combating diet-induced obesity in mice, which may involve l-theanine-induced browning of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qiu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Xie Z, Cheng Y, Zhang Q, Hao H, Yin Y, Zang L, Wang X, Mu Y. Anti-obesity effect and mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells influence on obese mice. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:653-666. [PMID: 34222665 PMCID: PMC8234810 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from almost all tissues and present promising therapeutic effects for metabolic diseases. Human adipose-derived MSCs (hASCs) have recently been widely studied due to their easy access and low immunity. Thus, we intended to figure out the effects and potential mechanism of hASCs on obesity in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Following 16 weeks of being fed HFD, hASCs were intravenously injected. Two weeks later, body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were evaluated. Additionally, the phenotypes of macrophages infiltrating adipose tissue were analyzed. The results revealed that hASCs administration significantly reduced adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size, and fat mass and exerted beneficial effects in serum lipid profile. This anti-obesity effect was mediated by the increased O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy expenditure, which was further evidenced by the upregulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and metabolism-associated genes. Furthermore, hASCs infusion increased the amount of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages in adipose tissue, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines-related genes was reduced. Taken together, these results indicated that hASCs suppressed obesity by increasing UCP-1 expression and enhancing energy expenditure, and this effect might be due to the increased M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyan Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 82 Xinhua South Road, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Hao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 82 Xinhua South Road, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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Gao LL, Ma JM, Fan YN, Zhang YN, Ge R, Tao XJ, Zhang MW, Gao QH, Yang JJ. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide combined with aerobic exercise ameliorated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through restoring gut microbiota, intestinal barrier and inhibiting hepatic inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1379-1392. [PMID: 33992651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and intestinal permeability have been demonstrated to be the key players in the gut-liver cross talk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), which seem to be a potential prebiotic, and aerobic exercise (AE) have shown protective effects on NAFLD. However, their combined effects on intestinal microecology remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of LBP, AE, and its combination (LBP + AE) on gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier, and hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. LBP + AE showed high abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, restored the gut microbiota composition, increased some Bacteroidetes, short chain fatty acids, but decreased Proteobacteria and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Simultaneously, LBP, AE, and LBP + AE could restore the colonic and ileum tight junctions by increasing the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin. They also downregulated gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), hepatic LPS-binding proteins, inflammatory factors, and related indicators of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway for the liver. Our results implied that LBP could be considered a prebiotic agent, and LBP + AE might be a promising treatment for NAFLD because it could maintain gut microbiota balance, thereby restoring intestinal barrier and exerting hepatic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jia-Min Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yan-Na Fan
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yan-Nan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rui Ge
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Tao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Meng-Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qing-Han Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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12
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Adipogenic commitment induced by green tea polyphenols remodel adipocytes to a thermogenic phenotype. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bacillus natto regulates gut microbiota and adipose tissue accumulation in a high-fat diet mouse model of obesity. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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The Pharmacological Activity of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze on Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040603. [PMID: 32294991 PMCID: PMC7226397 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea made from Camellia sinensis leaves is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. This systematic review aims to update Camellia sinensis pharmacological activity on metabolic and endocrine disorders. Inclusion criteria were preclinical and clinical studies of tea extracts and isolated compounds on osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity written in English between 2014 and 2019 and published in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus. From a total of 1384 studies, 80 reports met inclusion criteria. Most papers were published in 2015 (29.3%) and 2017 (20.6%), conducted in China (28.75%), US (12.5%), and South Korea (10%) and carried out with extracts (67.5%, especially green tea) and isolated compounds (41.25%, especially epigallocatechin gallate). Most pharmacological studies were in vitro and in vivo studies focused on diabetes and obesity. Clinical trials, although they have demonstrated promising results, are very limited. Future research should be aimed at providing more clinical evidence on less studied pathologies such as osteoporosis, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Given the close relationship among all endocrine disorders, it would be of interest to find a standard dose of tea or their bioactive constituents that would be beneficial for all of them.
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Zhang Y, Gu M, Wang R, Li M, Li D, Xie Z. Dietary supplement of Yunkang 10 green tea and treadmill exercise ameliorate high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome of C57BL/6 J mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32042300 PMCID: PMC7001212 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-0433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and exercise play important roles in ameliorating metabolic syndrome. Yunkang 10 (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) is a most cultivated tea variety for making tea in the Southwestern China. Currently, there is no report of healthy effects of Yunkang 10 green tea (YKGT) and treadmill exercise (Ex) on high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and molecular mechanism of YKGT and Ex using high fat diet induced MetS of C57BL/6 mice. Methods Catechins and caffeine in water extract of YKGT were measured via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 10-week old mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obese mice. Then the obese mice were fed with continuous high fat diet (HFD), HFD with YKGT, HFD with Ex, and HFD with both YKGT and Ex for 8 weeks, respectively. The another group of 10-week old mice fed with low fat diet (LFD) were used as control. Results HPLC data revealed that YKGT has abundantly high concentration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine compared to Longjing 43 (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) green tea. YKGT and Ex significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), insulin, and alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT) when compared to HFD group. The fatty liver and hepatic pro-inflammatory gene expression in the YKGT, Ex and YKGT+Ex groups was mitigated significantly compared with HFD group, respectively. The phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α/β (IKKα/β) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B α (IkBα) protein in the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway was also decreased in YKGT or YKGT+Ex groups. The combination of YKGT and Ex prevented gene expression for lipid synthesis in the liver tissue, and significantly upregulated mRNA level of glucose transport genes in the skeletal muscles, when compared to the HFD group. Conclusions This study demonstrated that YKGT supplement or exercise appeared to reverse preexisting metabolic syndrome, and effectively relieved the fatty liver and hepatic inflammatory response induced by high fat diet. YKGT supplement and treadmill exercise together had better beneficial effects than only one intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Zhang
- 1Department of Sports Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui People's Republic of China.,2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Gu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruru Wang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Menwan Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Daxiang Li
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- 2State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036 People's Republic of China
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Khoo WY, Chrisfield BJ, Sae-Tan S, Lambert JD. Mitigation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat-fed mice by the combination of decaffeinated green tea extract and voluntary exercise. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 76:108262. [PMID: 31759197 PMCID: PMC6995759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that combination treatment with decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) and voluntary exercise (Ex) reduces obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat (HF)-fed mice to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Here, we investigated the effects of GTE-, Ex- or the combination on the development of obesity-related NAFLD. Male C57BL/6 J mice were treated for 16 weeks with HF diet (60% energy from fat), HF supplemented with 7.7 g GTE/kg, HF plus access to a voluntary running wheel, or the combination. We found that treatment of mice with the combination mitigated the development of HF-induced NAFLD to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Combination-treated mice had lower plasma alanine aminotransferase (92% lower) and hepatic lipid accumulation (80% lower) than HF-fed controls: the effect of the single treatments was less significant. Mitigation of NAFLD was associated with higher fecal lipid and nitrogen levels. Combination treated, but not singly treated mice, had higher hepatic expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis (sirtuin 1 [59%]; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α [42%]; nuclear respiratory factor 1 [38%]; and transcription factor B1, mitochondrial [89%]) compared to the HF-fed controls. GTE-, Ex-, and the combination-treatment groups also had higher hepatic expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis and uptake, but the combination was not better than the single treatments. Our results suggest the combination of GTE and Ex can effectively mitigate NAFLD. Future studies should determine if the combination is additive or synergistic compared to the single treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weslie Y Khoo
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | | | - Sudathip Sae-Tan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
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Hsieh SK, Lin HY, Chen CJ, Jhuo CF, Liao KY, Chen WY, Tzen JTC. Promotion of myotube differentiation and attenuation of muscle atrophy in murine C2C12 myoblast cells treated with teaghrelin. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108893. [PMID: 31706954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of teaghrelin, an active ingredient of Chin-shin oolong tea, on murine C2C12 myoblast cells. Under high serum conditions, teaghrelin inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation, indicating a cell cycle arrest and cessation of proliferative progression. Teaghrelin promoted pro-differentiation of C2C12 cells as evidenced by a progressively elongated morphology, as well as the induction of muscle specific myogenin, myosin heavy chain (MHC), and MyoD. The formation of multinucleated myotubes, and the increase of MHC-positive immunoreactivity within the myotubes, further reflected a complete differentiation and maturation of the contractile skeletal muscle cells induced by teaghrelin. Like ghrelin, teaghrelin attenuated dexamethasone-decreased myotube diameter, indicating its protective effects against skeletal muscle atrophy. Additionally, the expressions of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 ubiquitin E3 ligase were reduced. In conclusion, the results highlight a possibility of developing teaghrelin as a functional food for the prevention or therapeutic treatment of disease-associated skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kuo Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Cian-Fen Jhuo
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Ying Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Jason T C Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Sun YS, Qu W. Dietary Apigenin promotes lipid catabolism, thermogenesis, and browning in adipose tissues of HFD-Fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110780. [PMID: 31449894 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary Apigenin (AP), a natural flavonoid from plants, could alleviate high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity and its complication. Nonetheless, the direct correlation between dietary AP and their effects in adipose tissues remained unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were fed with low-fat diet, HFD with or without 0.04% (w/w) AP for 12 weeks. Dietary AP ameliorated HFD induced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Energy expenditure was increased with no influence on energy intake, which indicated us that AP prevented obesity by enhancing energy export. Interestingly, AP activated lipolysis (ATGL/FOXO1/SIRT1) without higher cycling free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs were consumed by the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation (AMPK/ACC), thermogenesis, and browning (UCP-1, PGC-1α). Additionally, adipose tissue metabolic inflammation (NF-кB, MAPK) was also reduced by AP. Our study proposed that dietary AP could be explored as a new dietary strategy to combat obesity and related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
| | - Wei Qu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
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Cong H, Zhong W, Wang Y, Ikuyama S, Fan B, Gu J. Pycnogenol® Induces Browning of White Adipose Tissue through the PKA Signaling Pathway in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9713259. [PMID: 29577045 PMCID: PMC5822826 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9713259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) have received considerable recognition because of their potential protective effect against obesity. Pycnogenol (PYC), extracted from French maritime pine bark, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can improve lipid profiles. However, the effect of PYC on obesity has never been explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of PYC on obesity and WAT browning in apolipoprotein E- (ApoE-) deficient mice. The results showed that PYC treatment clearly reversed body weight and the mass of eWAT gain resulting from a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet (HCD), but no difference in food intake. The morphology results showed that the size of the adipocytes in the PYC-treated mice was obviously smaller than that in the HCD-fed mice. Next, we found that PYC upregulated the expression of genes related to lipolysis (ATGL and HSL), while it decreased the mRNA level of PLIN1. PYC significantly increased the expression of UCP1 and other genes related to beige adipogenesis. Additionally, PYC increased the expression of proteins related to the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. The findings suggested that PYC decreased obesity by promoting lipolysis and WAT browning. Thus, PYC may be a novel therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Cong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenxia Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shoichiro Ikuyama
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Department of Diabetes, Endocrine and Rheumatic Diseases, Oita San-ai Medical Center, 1213 Ichi, Oita 870-1151, Japan
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jianqiu Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
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Abstract
Since the rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans, its energy-dissipating ability has been well-recognized. The negative correlations of BAT activity with adiposity and insulin sensitivity provided an obvious rationale for discerning reliable and practical strategies for stimulating BAT. Though cold exposure or use of pharmacological adrenomimetics can activate BAT, they may have adverse effects. Therefore, determining alternative stimulants of BAT with lower risks such as commonly used food ingredients is highly desirable. Recent observations revealed that chemical activation of temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels by food ingredients can recruit BAT in humans. Furthermore, animal studies have identified several food-derived stimulants of BAT acting through multiple mechanisms distinct from a TRP-mediated process. Dietary compounds acting as an activator of Sirtuin 1, a critical regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and brown adipocyte differentiation, are one such class of promising food-derived BAT activators in humans. While the individual effects of various dietary factors are increasingly established in a laboratory setting, the potential synergistic effects of multiple stimulants on BAT remain to be tested in a clinical environment. These investigations may support the development of efficient, flexible dietary regimens capable of boosting BAT thermogenesis.
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21
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Neyrinck AM, Bindels LB, Geurts L, Van Hul M, Cani PD, Delzenne NM. A polyphenolic extract from green tea leaves activates fat browning in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 49:15-21. [PMID: 28863365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat browning has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Its activation leads to increased energy expenditure and reduced adiposity, thus contributing to a better energy homeostasis. Green tea extracts (GTEs) were shown to attenuate obesity and low-grade inflammation and to induce the lipolytic pathway in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice fed a high-fat diet. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the antiobesity effect of an extract from green tea leaves was associated with the activation of browning in the WAT and/or the inhibition of whitening in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) in HF-diet induced obese mice. Mice were fed a control diet or an HF diet supplemented with or without 0.5% polyphenolic GTE for 8 weeks. GTE supplementation significantly reduced HF-induced adiposity (WAT and BAT) and HF-induced inflammation in WAT. Histological analysis revealed that GTE reduced the adipocyte size in the WAT and the lipid droplet size in the BAT. Markers of browning were induced in the WAT upon GTE treatment, whereas markers of HF-induced whitening were reduced in the BAT. These results suggest that browning activation in the WAT and whitening reduction in the BAT by the GTE could participate to the improvement of metabolic and inflammatory disorders mediated by GTE upon HF diet. Our study emphasizes the importance of using GTE as a nutritional tool to activate browning and to decrease fat storage in all adipose tissues, which attenuate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Neyrinck
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucie Geurts
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCL, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCL, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCL, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Chen LH, Chien YW, Liang CT, Chan CH, Fan MH, Huang HY. Green tea extract induces genes related to browning of white adipose tissue and limits weight-gain in high energy diet-fed rat. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1347480. [PMID: 28804438 PMCID: PMC5533130 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1347480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A wealth of research has reported on the anti-obesity effects of green tea extract (GTE). Although browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been reported to attenuate obesity, no study has disclosed the effects of GTE on browning in Sprague Dawley rats. Objectives: The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of GTE on anti-obesity and browning, and their underlying mechanisms. Methods: Four groups of rats (n=10/group) were used including a normal diet with vehicle treatment, and a high-energy diet (HED) with vehicle or GTE by oral gavage at 77.5 or 155 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Body weight, fat accumulation, and serum biochemical parameters were used to evaluate obesity. The gene expressions were analyzed using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Results: GTE modulated HED-induced body weight, fat accumulation, and serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, free fatty acids, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Moreover, GTE enhanced the serum high-density lipoprotein. Most importantly, the biomarkers of beige adipose tissue were up-regulated in WAT in GTE-given groups. GTE induced genes involved in different pathways of browning, and reduced transducin-like enhancer protein-3 in WAT. Conclusion: Our results suggest that GTE may improve obesity through inducing browning in HED-fed rats. Abbreviations: ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; BAT: Brown adipose tissue; BMP-7: Bone morphogenetic protein-7; BW: Body weight; CIDEA: Cell death activator; CPT-1: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1; EFP: Epididymal fat pad; FFA: Free fatty acid; FGF-21: Fibroblast growth factor-21; GTE: Green tea extract; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; HED: high-energy diet; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; MFP: Mesenteric fat pad; PGC-1α: Activates PPAR-γ coactivator-1; PPAR-γ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; PRDM-16: PR domain containing 16; RFP: Renal fat pad; SD: Sprague Dawley; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triacylglycerol; TLE-3: Transducin-like enhancer protein-3: UCP-1: Uncoupling protein-1; WAT: White adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- YongLin Biomedical Engineering Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Han Fan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Thyagarajan B, Foster MT. Beiging of white adipose tissue as a therapeutic strategy for weight loss in humans. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0016/hmbci-2017-0016.xml. [PMID: 28672737 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure leads to obesity. Adiposity associated with obesity progressively causes inflammation, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Excessive dietary intake of fat results in its accumulation and storage in the white adipose tissue (WAT), whereas energy expenditure by fat utilization and oxidation predominately occurs in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, the presence of a third type of fat, referred to as beige or brite (brown in white), has been recognized in certain kinds of WAT depots. It has been suggested that WAT can undergo the process of browning in response to stimuli that induce and enhance the expression of thermogenes characteristic of those typically associated with brown fat. The resultant beige or brite cells enhance energy expenditure by reducing lipids stored within adipose tissue. This has created significant excitement towards the development of a promising strategy to induce browning/beiging in WAT to combat the growing epidemic of obesity. This review systematically describes differential locations and functions of WAT and BAT, mechanisms of beiging of WAT and a concise analysis of drug molecules and natural products that activate the browning phenomenon in vitro and in vivo. This review also discusses potential approaches for targeting WAT with compounds for site-specific beiging induction. Overall, there are numerous mechanisms that govern browning of WAT. There are a variety of newly identified targets whereby potential molecules can promote beiging of WAT and thereby combat obesity.
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High-sucrose diet induces diabetic-like phenotypes and oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster : Protective role of Syzygium cumini and Bauhinia forficata. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:605-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Montanari T, Pošćić N, Colitti M. Factors involved in white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and in thermogenesis: a review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:495-513. [PMID: 28187240 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of energy intake chronically exceeding energy expenditure. Classical treatments against obesity do not provide a satisfactory long-term outcome for the majority of patients. After the demonstration of functional brown adipose tissue in human adults, great effort is being devoted to develop therapies based on the adipose tissue itself, through the conversion of fat-accumulating white adipose tissue into energy-dissipating brown adipose tissue. Anti-obesity treatments that exploit endogenous, pharmacological and nutritional factors to drive such conversion are especially in demand. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the various molecules that can be applied in promoting white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and energy expenditure and the cellular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Montanari
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - N Pošćić
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - M Colitti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Yoneshiro T, Matsushita M, Hibi M, Tone H, Takeshita M, Yasunaga K, Katsuragi Y, Kameya T, Sugie H, Saito M. Tea catechin and caffeine activate brown adipose tissue and increase cold-induced thermogenic capacity in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:873-881. [PMID: 28275131 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.144972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The thermogenic effects of green tea catechin have been repeatedly reported, but their mechanisms are poorly understood.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of catechin on brown adipose tissue (BAT), a site specialized for nonshivering thermogenesis, in humans.Design: Fifteen healthy male volunteers underwent fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography to assess BAT activity. To examine the acute catechin effect, whole-body energy expenditure (EE) after a single oral ingestion of a beverage containing 615 mg catechin and 77 mg caffeine (catechin beverage) was measured. Next, to investigate the chronic catechin effects, 10 men with low BAT activity were enrolled. Before and after ingestion of the catechin beverage 2 times/d for 5 wk, cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) after 2 h of cold exposure at 19°C, which is proportional to BAT activity, was examined. Both the acute and chronic trials were single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, season-matched crossover studies.Results: A single ingestion of the catechin beverage increased EE in 9 subjects who had metabolically active BAT (mean ± SEM: +15.24 ± 1.48 kcal, P < 0.01) but not in 6 subjects who had negligible activities (mean ± SEM: +3.42 ± 2.68 kcal). The ingestion of a placebo beverage containing 82 mg caffeine produced a smaller and comparative EE response in the 2 subject groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between BAT and catechin on EE (β = 0.496, P = 0.003). Daily ingestion of the catechin beverage elevated mean ± SEM CIT (from 92.0 ± 26.5 to 197.9 ± 27.7 kcal/d; P = 0.009), whereas the placebo beverage did not change it.Conclusion: Orally ingested tea catechin with caffeine acutely increases EE associated with increased BAT activity and chronically elevates nonshivering CIT, probably because of the recruitment of BAT, in humans. These trials were registered at www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ as UMIN000016361.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine,
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing and Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Hibi
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hiroshi Tone
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Masao Takeshita
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Koichi Yasunaga
- Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; and
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27
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Ferreira MA, Silva DM, de Morais AC, Mota JF, Botelho PB. Therapeutic potential of green tea on risk factors for type 2 diabetes in obese adults - a review. Obes Rev 2016; 17:1316-1328. [PMID: 27443447 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Green tea has been associated with positive effects in the treatment of obesity and other associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. These benefits are thought to be related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of green tea and to the reduction in body fat percentage exhibited by its bioactive compounds. The predominant active compounds in green tea are flavonoid monomers known as catechins, in particular epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is the most abundant and most effective catechin in metabolic care, particularly among obese patients. The objective of this review was to investigate the effects of green tea on body composition, oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance, risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals and the mechanisms that underlie the modulatory actions of green tea compounds on these risk factors. Although green tea has therapeutic potential in the treatment of obese individuals, the findings of this review demonstrate the need for a greater number of studies to confirm the positive effects of green tea, especially regarding the modulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - D M Silva
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - A C de Morais
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - J F Mota
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - P B Botelho
- Laboratory of Research in Clinical Nutrition and Sports (Labince), Nutrition Faculty, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, Goias, Brazil
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28
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Jaspers RT, Zillikens MC, Friesema ECH, Paoli G, Bloch W, Uitterlinden AG, Goglia F, Lanni A, Lange P. Exercise, fasting, and mimetics: toward beneficial combinations? FASEB J 2016; 31:14-28. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600652r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Jaspers
- Laboratory for MyologyMove Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Edith C. H. Friesema
- Division of PharmacologyVascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Paoli
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport MedicineGerman Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany
| | | | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of Sannio Benevento Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
| | - Pieter Lange
- Department of EnvironmentalBiological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples Caserta Italy
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29
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Green tea supplementation benefits body composition and improves bone properties in obese female rats fed with high-fat diet and caloric restricted diet. Nutr Res 2015; 35:1095-105. [PMID: 26525915 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) supplementation on body composition, bone properties, and serum markers in obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a caloric restricted diet (CRD). Forty-eight female rats were fed an HFD ad libitum for 4 months, and then either continued on the HFD or the CRD with or without 0.5% GTP in water. Body composition, bone efficacy, and serum markers were measured. We hypothesized that GTP supplementation would improve body composition, mitigate bone loss, and restore bone microstructure in obese animals fed either HFD or CRD. CRD lowered percent fat mass; bone mass and trabecular number of tibia, femur and lumbar vertebrae; femoral strength; trabecular and cortical thickness of tibia; insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin. CRD also increased percent fat-free mass; trabecular separation of tibia and femur; eroded surface of tibia; bone formation rate and erosion rate at tibia shaft; and adiponectin. GTP supplementation increased femoral mass and strength (P = .026), trabecular thickness (P = .012) and number (P = .019), and cortical thickness of tibia (P < .001), and decreased trabecular separation (P = .021), formation rate (P < .001), and eroded surface (P < .001) at proximal tibia, and insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin. There were significant interactions (diet type × GTP) on osteoblast surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate at periosteal and endocortical bones, periosteal bone formation rate, and trabecular thickness at femur and lumbar vertebrate (P < .05). This study demonstrates that GTP supplementation for 4 months benefited body composition and improved bone microstructure and strength in obese rats fed with HFD or HFD followed by CRD diet.
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