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Gugel I, Marchetti F, Costa S, Gugel I, Baldini E, Vertuani S, Manfredini S. 2G-lactic acid from olive oil supply chain waste: olive leaves upcycling via Lactobacillus casei fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:379. [PMID: 38888798 PMCID: PMC11189319 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The transition towards a sustainable model, particularly the circular economy, emphasizes the importance of redefining waste as a valuable resource, paving the way for innovative upcycling strategies. The olive oil industry, with its significant output of agricultural waste, offers a promising avenue for high-value biomass conversion into useful products through microbial processes. This study focuses on exploring new, high-value applications for olive leaves waste, utilizing a biotechnological approach with Lactobacillus casei for the production of second-generation lactic acid. Contrary to initial expectations, the inherent high polyphenol content and low fermentable glucose levels in olive leaves posed challenges for fermentation. Addressing this, an enzymatic hydrolysis step, following a preliminary extraction process, was implemented to increase glucose availability. Subsequent small-scale fermentation tests were conducted with and without nutrient supplements, identifying the medium that yielded the highest lactic acid production for scale-up. The scaled-up batch fermentation process achieved an enhanced conversion rate (83.58%) and specific productivity (0.26 g/L·h). This research confirms the feasibility of repurposing olive waste leaves for the production of lactic acid, contributing to the advancement of a greener economy through the valorization of agricultural waste. KEY POINTS: • Olive leaves slurry as it did not allow L. casei to ferment. • High concentrations of polyphenols inhibit fermentation of L. casei. • Enzymatic hydrolysis combined to organosolv extraction is the best pretreatment for lactic acid production starting from leaves and olive pruning waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gugel
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Gugel
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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2
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Wasim M, Bergonzi MC. Unlocking the Potential of Oleanolic Acid: Integrating Pharmacological Insights and Advancements in Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:692. [PMID: 38931816 PMCID: PMC11206505 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in oleanolic acid (OA) as a triterpenoid with remarkable health benefits prompts an emphasis on its efficient use in pharmaceutical research. OA exhibits a range of pharmacological effects, including antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immune-enhancing, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and antiviral properties. While OA demonstrates diverse pharmacological effects, optimizing its therapeutic potential requires overcoming significant challenges. In the field of pharmaceutical research, the exploration of efficient drug delivery systems is essential to maximizing the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds. Efficiently delivering OA faces challenges, such as poor aqueous solubility and restricted bioavailability, and to unlock its full therapeutic efficacy, novel formulation strategies are imperative. This discussion thoroughly investigates different approaches and advancements in OA drug delivery systems with the aim of enhancing the biopharmaceutical features and overall efficacy in diverse therapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
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3
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Yang K, Wang SB, Pei D, Pu LM, Huang XY. Effective separation of maslinic acid and oleanolic acid from olive pomace using high-speed shear off-line coupled with high-speed countercurrent chromatography and their antibacterial activity test. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124069. [PMID: 38442634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a high-speed shear extraction off-line coupling high-speed countercurrent chromatography method was developed to separate maslinic acid and oleanolic acid from olive pomace. To improve extraction efficiency, the polar disparity between maslinic acid and oleanolic acid necessitated the concurrent utilization of both polar and non-polar solvents during high-speed shear extraction. Then, the high-speed shear extraction was directly feed to high-speed countercurrent chromatography for subsequently separation. A total of 250 min were needed to complete the extraction and separation process. This yielded two molecules from 3.3 g of defatted olive pomace: 7.2 mg of 93.8 % pure maslinic acid and 2.3 mg of 90.1 % pure oleanolic acid, both determined by HPLC at 210 nm. Furthermore, the compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, its efficacy in inhibiting hyaluronidase was comparable to that of the standard drug indomethacin. Compared with the conventional separation method, this coupled technique reduced the whole time due to the direct injection of sample extraction solution. This technique provides a useful approach for the separation of natural products with significant polarity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Wang
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Pei
- Yunnan Olive Health Industry Innovation Research and Development Co., Ltd, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Lu-Mei Pu
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China.
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4
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Altissimi C, Roila R, Ranucci D, Branciari R, Cai D, Paulsen P. Preventing Microbial Growth in Game Meat by Applying Polyphenolic Extracts from Olive Mill Vegetation Water. Foods 2024; 13:658. [PMID: 38472771 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied the efficacy of different formulations of polyphenol extracts (mainly containing hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) from olive mill vegetation water on the microflora on the surfaces of game meat cuts with high or low initial bacterial loads. Meat with a high microbial load (>5 Log cfu/g; mean value = 6.83 ± 0.45 standard deviation) was immersed for 10 or 60 sec into 25% and 10% solutions of microencapsulated freeze-dried and non-encapsulated polyphenolic extracts. Aerobic colony, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and lactic acid bacteria counts were determined on treated samples compared to controls after 7 days of storage (in vacuum-packed conditions at +3 °C). Significant differences were registered only for aerobic colony count for a 10% liquid extract treatment (0.64 log reduction). In contrast, the dipping or immersion of game meat with low initial microbial loads (<5 Log cfu/g; mean value = 3.58 ± 0.72 standard deviation) in 10% solutions of the polyphenol extracts effectuated significant reductions in all bacteria counts (p < 0.002) at 7 and 14 days of storage for different extracts, independently from the application methods. The use of the extracts to inhibit bacterial growth in game meat should only be considered if a good hygienic baseline is guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Altissimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Branciari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Dongjie Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1012 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Sweet R, Booth C, Gotts K, Grove SF, Kroon PA, Webber M. Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Phytochemicals against Common Foodborne Pathogens and Potential for Selection of Resistance. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2495. [PMID: 37894153 PMCID: PMC10609411 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is now commonly observed in bacterial isolates from multiple settings, compromising the efficacy of current antimicrobial agents. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement for efficacious novel antimicrobials to be used as therapeutics, prophylactically or as preservatives. One promising source of novel antimicrobial chemicals is phytochemicals, which are secondary metabolites produced by plants for numerous purposes, including antimicrobial defence. In this report, we compare the bioactivity of a range of phytochemical compounds, testing their ability to directly inhibit growth or to potentiate other antimicrobials against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. We found that nine compounds displayed consistent bioactivity either as direct antimicrobials or as potentiators. Thymol at 0.5 mg/mL showed the greatest antimicrobial effect and significantly reduced the growth of all species, reducing viable cell populations by 66.8%, 43.2%, 29.5%, and 70.2% against S. enterica Typhimurium, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Selection of mutants with decreased susceptibility to thymol was possible for three of the pathogens, at a calculated rate of 3.77 × 10-8, and characterisation of S. enterica Typhimurium mutants showed a low-level MDR phenotype due to over-expression of the major efflux system AcrAB-TolC. These data show that phytochemicals can have strong antimicrobial activity, but emergence of resistance should be evaluated in any further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sweet
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (R.S.); (C.B.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Catherine Booth
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (R.S.); (C.B.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Kathryn Gotts
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (R.S.); (C.B.); (P.A.K.)
| | | | - Paul A. Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (R.S.); (C.B.); (P.A.K.)
| | - Mark Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (R.S.); (C.B.); (P.A.K.)
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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6
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Puri V, Nagpal M, Singh I, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sharma A, Sangnim T. A Comprehensive Review on Nutraceuticals: Therapy Support and Formulation Challenges. Nutrients 2022; 14:4637. [PMID: 36364899 PMCID: PMC9654660 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are the nourishing components (hybrid of nutrition and pharmaceuticals) that are biologically active and possess capability for maintaining optimal health and benefits. These products play a significant role in human health care and its endurance, most importantly for the future therapeutic development. Nutraceuticals have received recognition due to their nutritional benefits along with therapeutic effects and safety profile. Nutraceuticals are globally growing in the field of services such as health care promotion, disease reduction, etc. Various drug nutraceutical interactions have also been elaborated with various examples in this review. Several patents on nutraceuticals in agricultural applications and in various diseases have been stated in the last section of review, which confirms the exponential growth of nutraceuticals' market value. Nutraceuticals have been used not only for nutrition but also as a support therapy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as to reduce side effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Diverse novel nanoformulation approaches tend to overcome challenges involved in formulation development of nutraceuticals. Prior information on various interactions with drugs may help in preventing any deleterious effects of nutraceuticals products. Nanotechnology also leads to the generation of micronized dietary products and other nutraceutical supplements with improved health benefits. In this review article, the latest key findings (clinical studies) on nutraceuticals that show the therapeutic action of nutraceutical's bioactive molecules on various diseases have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gitika Arora Dhingra
- NCRD’s Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Pathum Thani 12110, Tanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Muang, Thailand
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7
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Sweet R, Kroon PA, Webber MA. Activity of antibacterial phytochemicals and their potential use as natural food preservatives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2076-2087. [PMID: 36121430 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The risk to human health from bacterial foodborne infection is presently controlled by the addition of antimicrobial preservatives to food. However, the use of chemical preservatives such as sodium nitrite poses a health risk in themselves with concerns around carcinogenic effects. This makes the development of improved preservatives a priority for the food industry. One promising source of novel antimicrobial compounds can be found in nature; phytochemicals, in particular polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by plants for numerous purposes including antimicrobial defence. There has been significant study of phytochemicals; including quantifying their antimicrobial activity, potential to synergise with current antibiotics and the feasibility of their application as natural food preservatives. However, there remains significant uncertainty about the relative antimicrobial efficacy of different phytochemicals, their mechanisms of action (MOA) and the potential for emergence of bacterial resistance to their effects. This review summarizes recent work relevant to the potential development of phytochemicals as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sweet
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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8
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Oleanolic Acid: Extraction, Characterization and Biological Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030623. [PMID: 35276982 PMCID: PMC8838233 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, is receiving outstanding attention from the scientific community due to its biological activity against multiple diseases. Oleanolic acid is endowed with a wide range of biological activities with therapeutic potential by means of complex and multifactorial mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting that oleanolic acid might be effective against dyslipidemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, through enhancing insulin response, preserving the functionality and survival of β-cells and protecting against diabetes complications. In addition, several other functions have been proposed, including antiviral, anti-HIV, antibacterial, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic activities, as well as interfering in several stages of the development of different types of cancer; however, due to its hydrophobic nature, oleanolic acid is almost insoluble in water, which has led to a number of approaches to enhance its biopharmaceutical properties. In this scenario, the present review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and the research progress made in the last years on the extraction and characterization of oleanolic acid and its biological activities and the underlying mechanisms of action.
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9
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Abstract
Current strategies of combating bacterial infections are limited and involve the use of antibiotics and preservatives. Each of these agents has generally inadequate efficacy and a number of serious adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial drugs and food preservatives with higher efficacy and lower toxicity. Edible plants have been used in medicine since ancient times and are well known for their successful antimicrobial activity. Often photosensitizers are present in many edible plants; they could be a promising source for a new generation of drugs and food preservatives. The use of photodynamic therapy allows enhancement of antimicrobial properties in plant photosensitizers. The purpose of this review is to present the verified data on the antimicrobial activities of photodynamic phytochemicals in edible species of the world’s flora, including the various mechanisms of their actions.
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10
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Sequential Extraction of Hydroxytyrosol, Mannitol and Triterpenic Acids Using a Green Optimized Procedure Based on Ultrasound. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111781. [PMID: 34829652 PMCID: PMC8614775 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive-derived biomasses contain bioactive compounds with health promoting effects as well as antioxidant and sweet-tasting properties. However, their sequential extraction has not been attained. In the present study, firstly antioxidants and mannitol were extracted from exhausted olive pomace (EOP) by an eco-friendly method, ultrasound-assisted water extraction (UAWE). The amplitude (20-80%), extraction time (2-18 min) and solid loading (2-15%, w/v) were evaluated according to a Box-Behnken experimental design. Using the response surface methodology, the optimal conditions for extraction were obtained: 80% amplitude, 11.5% solid loading and 16 min. It enabled the multi-response optimization of the total phenolic content (TPC) (40.04 mg/g EOP), hydroxytyrosol content (6.42 mg/g EOP), mannitol content (50.92 mg/g EOP) and antioxidant activity (ferric reducing power or FRAP, 50.95 mg/g EOP; ABTS, 100.64 mg/g EOP). Moreover, the phenolic profile of the extracts was determined by liquid chromatography-UV and mass spectrometry, identifying hydroxytyrosol as the main phenolic compound and other minor derivatives could be characterized. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphological changes produced in the cellular structure of EOP after UAWE. In addition, the chemical composition of the extracted EOP solid was characterized for further valorization. Then, a second extraction step was performed in order to extract bioactive triterpenes from the latter solid. The triterpenes content in the extract was determined and the effect of the previous UAWE step on the triterpenes extraction was evaluated. In this case, the use of ultrasound enhanced the extraction of maslinic acid and oleanolic acid from pelletized EOP with no milling requirement. Overall, UAWE can be applied to obtain antioxidant compounds and mannitol as first extraction step from pelletized EOP while supporting the subsequent recovery of triterpenic acids.
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11
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Gallego R, Suárez-Montenegro ZJ, Ibáñez E, Herrero M, Valdés A, Cifuentes A. In vitro Neuroprotective Potential and Lipidomics Study of Olive Leaves Extracts Enriched in Triterpenoids. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769218. [PMID: 34708068 PMCID: PMC8542692 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that is associated with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque formation. Genetic, environmental, and nutrition factors have been suggested as contributors to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation events that are connected to AD etiology, and secondary metabolites, such as triterpenes, have shown promising results in AD prevention. In this work, the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of an olive leaves fraction enriched in triterpenoid compounds obtained using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and dynamic adsorption/desorption using sea sand as adsorbent has been performed. In addition, a comprehensive lipidomics study of the response of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line to this fraction was carried out using advanced analytical methodologies, namely, charged-surface hybrid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (CSH-Q-TOF MS/MS). The use of freely available lipidomic annotation tools and databases, and stringent cut-off filters allowed the annotation of more than 250 intracellular lipids. Advanced bioinformatics and statistical tools showed a number of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines significantly increased, which could explain the protection against the cell death caused by Aβ1-42. Moreover, several triacylglycerols were found decreased. These results suggest triterpenoids from olive leaves as good neuroprotective candidates, and open a new gate for future experiments using in vivo models to corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gallego
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zully J. Suárez-Montenegro
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Li Y, Li J, Xu F, Liu G, Pang B, Liao N, Li H, Shi J. Gut microbiota as a potential target for developing anti-fatigue foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34592876 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1983768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue has many negative effects on human health. As such, it is desirable to develop anti-fatigue foods and understand the mechanisms of their action. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, this article discusses the important roles of gut microbiota in fatigue and anti-fatigue. Studies have shown that an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria co-exist when fatigue is present in both rodents and humans, whereas changes in gut microbiota were reported after intervention with anti-fatigue foods. The roles of gut microbiota in the activities of anti-fatigue foods can also be explained in the causes and the effects of fatigue. Among the causes of fatigue, the accumulation of lactic acid, decrease of energy, and reduction of central nervous system function were related to gut microbiota metabolism. Among the harmful effects of fatigue, oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction were related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, gut microbiota, together with anti-fatigue foods, can inhibit pathogen growth, convert foods into highly anti-oxidative or anti-inflammatory products, produce short-chain fatty acids, maintain intestinal barrier integrity, inhibit intestinal inflammation, and stimulate the production of neurotransmitters that regulate the central nervous system. Therefore, it is believed that gut microbiota play important roles in the activities of anti-fatigue foods and may provide new insights on the development of anti-fatigue foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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13
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Xue Y, Zhu MJ. Unraveling enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection: the promising role of dietary compounds and probiotics in bacterial elimination and host innate immunity boosting. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1551-1563. [PMID: 34404306 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1965538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system has developed sophisticated strategies to defense against infections. Host cells utilize the recognition machineries such as toll-like receptors and nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors to identify the pathogens and alert immune system. However, some pathogens have developed tactics to evade host defenses, including manipulation of host inflammatory response, interference with cell death pathway, and highjack of phagocytosis signaling for a better survival and colonization in host. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a notorious foodborne pathogen that causes severe tissue damages and gastrointestinal diseases, which has been reported to disturb host immune responses. Diverse bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, saccharides, and terpenoids derived from food varieties and probiotics have been discovered and investigated for their capability of combating bacterial infections. Some of them serve as novel antimicrobial agents and act as immune boosters that harness host immune system. In this review, we will discuss how EHEC, specifically E. coli O157:H7, hijacks the host immune system and interferes with host signaling pathway; and highlight the promising role of food-derived bioactive compounds and probiotics in harnessing host innate immunity and eliminating E. coli O157:H7 infection with multiple strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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14
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Phenolic Compounds Obtained from Olea europaea By-Products and their Use to Improve the Quality and Shelf Life of Meat and Meat Products-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111061. [PMID: 33138148 PMCID: PMC7692586 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers are interested in consuming clean label foods. Replacing synthetic additives with natural alternatives (especially sources rich in polyphenols) is a valid solution to produce and also preserve foods, especially meat and meat products. Olea europaea leaves and olive pomace and wastewater contain polyphenols that can be explored in this context. In this review, we summarize the main aspects related to the phenolic composition, extraction conditions, antimicrobial potential, and antioxidant activity (in vitro and in vivo) of Olea europaea leaves, olive pomace and wastewater as well as their applications in the production of meat and meat products. This review found evidence that extracts and isolated polyphenols from the Olea europaea tree and olive processing by-products can be explored as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial additives to improve the preservation of meat and meat products. The polyphenols found in these residues (especially oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) increased the redox state in the main meat-producing animals and, consequently, the oxidative stability of fresh meat obtained from these animals. Moreover, the extracts and isolated polyphenols also improved the shelf life of fresh meat and meat products (as additive and as active component in film) by delaying the growth of microorganisms and the progression of oxidative reactions during storage. The accumulated evidence supports further investigation as a natural additive to improve the preservation of reformulated muscle products and in the production of edible and sustainable films and coatings for fresh meat and meat products.
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15
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Sharma A, Biharee A, Kumar A, Jaitak V. Antimicrobial Terpenoids as a Potential Substitute in Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1476-1494. [PMID: 32433003 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200520103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There was a golden era where everyone thought that microbes can no longer establish threat to humans but the time has come where microbes are proposing strong resistance against the majority of antimicrobials. Over the years, the inappropriate use and easy availability of antimicrobials have made antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to emerge as the world's third leading cause of death. Microorganisms over the time span have acquired resistance through various mechanisms such as efflux pump, transfer through plasmids causing mutation, changing antimicrobial site of action, or modifying the antimicrobial which will lead to become AMR as the main cause of death worldwide by 2030. In order to overcome the emerging resistance against majority of antimicrobials, there is a need to uncover drugs from plants because they have proved to be effective antimicrobials due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids. Terpenoids abundant in nature are produced in response to microbial attack have huge potential against various microorganisms through diverse mechanisms such as membrane disruption, anti-quorum sensing, inhibition of protein synthesis and ATP. New approaches like combination therapy of terpenoids and antimicrobials have increased the potency of treatment against various multidrug resistant microorganisms by showing synergism to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Avadh Biharee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
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16
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Peng M, Tabashsum Z, Patel P, Bernhardt C, Biswas C, Meng J, Biswas D. Prevention of enteric bacterial infections and modulation of gut microbiota with conjugated linoleic acids producing Lactobacillus in mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:433-452. [PMID: 31411526 PMCID: PMC7524329 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1638724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are recognized for outcompeting pathogenic bacteria by competitive receptor-mediated colonization and secretion of functional metabolites which are antimicrobial against certain microbes as well as improving host's gut health and immunity. Recently, we have constructed a bioactive Lactobacillus casei (LC) strain, LC+mcra , by inserting mcra (myosin cross-reactive antigen) gene, which stimulates the conversion of conjugated linoleic acids. In this study, we evaluated the modulation of gut microbiome and protective roles of LC+mcra against pathogenic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infections in BALB/cJ mice. We observed that LC+mcra colonized efficiently in mice gut intestine and competitively reduced the infection with ST and EHEC in various locations of small and large intestine, specifically cecum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.05). Positive modulation of the cecal microbiota, for example, higher relative abundances of Firmicutes, lower relative abundances of Proteobacteria, and increased bacterial species diversity/richness, was detected in ST-challenged mice pretreated with LC+mcra based on 16S metagenomic sequencing. Cytokine gene expression analysis indicated that mice pretreated with LC+mcra associated with attenuated bacterial pathogen-induced gut inflammation. Furthermore, mice fed daily with LC+mcra for one week could protect themselves from the impairments caused by enteric infections with ST or EHEC. These impairments include weight loss, negative hematological changes, intestinal histological alterations, and potential death. This in vivo study suggests that daily consumption of novel conjugated linoleic acids over-producing probiotic effectively improves intestinal microbiota composition and prevents/combats foodborne enteric bacterial infections with pathogenic Salmonella and diarrheagenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Puja Patel
- Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra Bernhardt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chitrine Biswas
- Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,CONTACT Debabrata Biswas Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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17
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Tabashsum Z, Peng M, Bernhardt C, Patel P, Carrion M, Rahaman SO, Biswas D. Limiting the pathogenesis of Salmonella Typhimurium with berry phenolic extracts and linoleic acid overproducing Lactobacillus casei. J Microbiol 2020; 58:489-498. [PMID: 32329017 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The growing threat of emergent multidrug-resistant enteric bacterial pathogens, and their adopted virulence properties are directing to find alternative antimicrobials and/or development of dietaries that can improve host gut health and/or defense. Recently, we found that modified Lactobacillus casei (Lc + CLA) with increased production of conjugated linoleic acid has antimicrobial and other beneficial properties. Further, prebiotic alike products such as berry pomace extracts (BPEs), increase the growth of probiotics and inhibit the growth of certain bacterial pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effect of genetically modified Lc + CLA along with BPEs against major enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST). In mixed culture condition, the growth of ST was significantly reduced in the presence of Lc + CLA and/or BPEs. Bacterial cell-free cultural supernatant (CFCS) collected from wild-type Lc or modified Lc + CLA strains also inhibited the growth and survival of ST, and those inhibitory effects were enhanced in the presence of BPEs. We also found that the interaction of the pathogen with cultured host (HD-11 and INT-407) cells were also altered in the presence of either Lc or Lc + CLA strain or their CFCSs significantly. Furthermore, the relative expression of genes related to ST virulence and physicochemical properties of ST was altered by the effect of CFCSs of either Lc or Lc + CLA. These findings indicate that a diet containing synbiotic, specifically linoleic acid, over-produced Lc + CLA and prebiotic product BPEs, might have the potential to be effective in controlling ST growth and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zajeba Tabashsum
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cassendra Bernhardt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Puja Patel
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Michael Carrion
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Biological Sciences Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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18
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Fancello F, Multineddu C, Santona M, Deiana P, Zara G, Mannazzu I, Budroni M, Dettori S, Zara S. Bacterial Biodiversity of Extra Virgin Olive Oils and Their Potential Biotechnological Exploitation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E97. [PMID: 31936728 PMCID: PMC7022595 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diversity of 15 extra virgin olive oils, obtained from different Italian varieties, including Frantoio, Coratina, Bosana, and Semidana, was analyzed in this study. All bacterial isolates were genotyped using RAPD and REP-PCR method and grouped by means of cluster analyses. Sequencing of 16S rDNA of 51 isolates, representative of 36 clusters, led to the identification of Bacillus spp., Brevibacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pantoea spp., Kocuria spp., Lysinbacillus spp., and Lactobacillus spp., most of which reported for first time in olive oils. Phenotypic characterization of the 51 isolates, some of which ascribed to potentially probiotic species, indicate that two of them have beta-glucosidase activity while 37% present lipolytic activity. Preliminary evaluation of probiotic potential indicates that 31% of the isolates show biofilm formation ability, 29% acidic pH resistance, and 25% bile salt resistance. Finally, 29% of the isolates were sensitive to antibiotics while the remaining 71%, that include bacterial species well-recognized for their ability to disseminate resistance genes in the environment, showed a variable pattern of antibiotic resistance. The results obtained underline that microbial diversity of extra virgin olive oils represents an unexpected sink of microbial diversity and poses safety issues on the possible biotechnological exploitation of this microbial biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Severino Zara
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Viale Italia 39, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.F.); (C.M.); (M.S.); (P.D.); (G.Z.); (I.M.); (M.B.); (S.D.)
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19
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Synbiotic-like effect of linoleic acid overproducing Lactobacillus casei with berry phenolic extracts against pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:41. [PMID: 31372184 PMCID: PMC6661093 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Majority of enteric infections are foodborne and antimicrobials including antibiotics have been used for their control and treatment. However, probiotics or prebiotics or their combination offer a potential alternative intervention strategy for improving the host health and preventing foodborne pathogen colonization/infections in reservoir. Further, bioengineered probiotics expressing bioactive products to achieve specific function is highly desirable. Recently, we over-expressed mcra (myosin cross-reactive antigen) gene in Lactobacillus casei (Lc) and developed a bioengineered probiotics Lc + CLA which produce higher amounts of metabolites including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Furthermore, we also reported that prebiotic like components such as berry pomace (byproduct) phenolic extracts (BPEs) can enhance the growth of probiotics and improved the beneficial effects of probiotics. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of modified Lc + CLA in combination of BPEs on growth, survival and pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Results In mixed culture condition, the growth of EHEC was significantly reduced in the presence Lc + CLA and/or BPEs. Cell-free cultural supernatant (CFCS) collected from Lc or Lc + CLA strain also inhibited the growth and survival of EHEC and the inhibitory effects of CFCSs against EHEC were enhanced in the presence of BPEs in concentration dependent manner. Interaction between EHEC and intestinal epithelial INT-407 cells were also altered significantly in the presence of either Lc or Lc + CLA strain or their CFCSs with or without BPEs. The expression of multiple virulence genes and physicochemical properties of EHEC were also altered when the bacterial cells were pretreated with CFCSs and/or BPEs. Conclusions These results showed that diet containing bioactive Lc + CLA and natural prebiotic like component such as BPEs might be an effective way to prevent foodborne infections with EHEC.
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20
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Tabashsum Z, Peng M, Kahan E, Rahaman SO, Biswas D. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid overproducing Lactobacillus with berry pomace phenolic extracts on Campylobacter jejuni pathogenesis. Food Funct 2019; 10:296-303. [PMID: 30566169 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) is one of the predominant causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in the US and other developed countries through the handling of raw chicken or the consumption of undercooked poultry and poultry products. Probiotics and their metabolites such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) play a crucial role in improving host health and act as antimicrobials against enteric pathogens. Furthermore, prebiotics or prebiotic-like components such as bioactive phenolics from berry pomace can stimulate the growth of beneficial microbes including Lactobacillus casei (LC) and its metabolites, and competitively inhibit the growth of enteric bacterial pathogens. In this study, we aimed at enhancing the efficiency of antimicrobial/beneficial activities of LC and the extent of production of bioactive compounds by combining berry pomace phenolic extract (BPPE) and overproducing CLA in L. casei (LC-CLA). Under mixed culture conditions, LC-CLA in the presence of BPPE reduced the growth of CJ by more than 3 log CFU ml-1 within 48 h. The cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) of LC-CLA in the presence of BPPE also reduced significantly the growth of CJ >3.2 log CFU ml-1 at 24 h. The interactions of CJ with cultured chicken fibroblast cells (DF-1), chicken macrophage (HD-11), and human epithelial cells (HeLa) were altered significantly. Treatments with BPPE and/or CFCS also altered the injured cell number, auto-aggregation capacity and cell surface hydrophobicity of CJ, significantly. Furthermore, combined treatments with BPPE and CFCSs of LC-CLA altered the expression of multiple virulence genes such as ciaB, cdtB, cadF, flaA, and flaB of CJ from 0.45 fold to 6.85 fold. Overall, BPPE enhanced the effect of LC-CLA in the reduction of CJ growth, survival ability, host cell-CJ interactions, and virulence gene expression. This finding indicates that a combination of BPPE and LC-CLA may be able to prevent the colonization of CJ in poultry, reduce the cross-contamination of poultry products and control poultry-borne campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zajeba Tabashsum
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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21
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Zhao DR, Jiang YS, Sun JY, Li HH, Luo XL, Zhao MM. Anti-inflammatory Mechanism Involved in 4-Ethylguaiacol-Mediated Inhibition of LPS-Induced Inflammation in THP-1 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1230-1243. [PMID: 30614688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
4-Ethylguaiacol, a common aroma compound of baijiu (a traditional Chinese alcoholic beverage), was assessed for its potential anti-inflammatory effects in an LPS-induced THP-1 cell model. To characterize the effect of 4-ethylguaiacol on the LPS-induced inflammatory response, the mRNA and protein expression of the TLR4-MAPKs-NF-κB-IκBα-AP-1, Nrf2-HO-1, and AMPK-SIRT1 pathways were monitored by ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. On the basis of the result, 4-ethylguaiacol exerted anti-inflammatory effects at doses of 10, 100, and 500 μM (the concentration of 4-ethylguaiacol in gujinggong baijiu is in the range of 1044 ± 44 to 1661 ± 63 μg/L) and significantly mitigated LPS-induced inflammation via activation of the Nrf2-HO-1 and AMPK-SIRT1 pathways and inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 activation, thereby markedly inhibiting the activation of inflammasomes and down-regulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. These results indicated that 4-ethylguaiacol could reverse LPS-induced inflammatory responses and is a natural, potent anti-inflammatory component in baijiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Rui Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Yun-Song Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Jin-Yuan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - He-He Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Xue-Lian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Mou-Ming Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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22
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Peng M, Tabashsum Z, Patel P, Bernhardt C, Biswas D. Linoleic Acids Overproducing Lactobacillus casei Limits Growth, Survival, and Virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2663. [PMID: 30443248 PMCID: PMC6223203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria, are biologic agents which limit the growth, virulence, and survival/colonization of various enteric bacterial pathogens and serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Mechanisms that contribute to this antimicrobial effect include producing bioactive metabolites/acids, increasing nutrient and receptor-mediated competition, and modulating gut microbiome ecology. However, these functions of common probiotic strains are limited due to the finite quantity of metabolites they produce and their total number in the gut ecosystem. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), critical metabolites of Lactobacillus, have multiple beneficial effects on human health including anti-carcinogenesis, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-pathogenicity. In this study, we aim to overexpress the myosin cross-reactive antigen gene (mcra) in Lactobacillus casei (LC) to enhance the production of CLA and investigate its effectiveness against enteric bacterial pathogens, specifically Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). By inserting mcra in L. casei, we generated LC-CLA and found the total linoleic acid production by an individual bacterial cell was raised by 21-fold. The adherence ability of LC-CLA on human epithelial cells increased significantly and LC-CLA competitively excluded both ST and EHEC in a mixed-culture condition. Furthermore, LC-CLA significantly altered the physicochemical properties, biofilm formation abilities, interactions with host cells of both ST and EHEC, and triggered anti-inflammatory activities of host cells. These findings offer insights on applying a genetically engineered probiotic to control gut intestinal infections caused by ST and EHEC and prevent foodborne enteric illness in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Peng
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Zajeba Tabashsum
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Puja Patel
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Cassandra Bernhardt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program - Molecular and Cellular Biology Concentration, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.,Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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23
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Xie P, Huang L, Zhang C, Deng Y, Wang X, Cheng J. Enhanced extraction of hydroxytyrosol, maslinic acid and oleanolic acid from olive pomace: Process parameters, kinetics and thermodynamics, and greenness assessment. Food Chem 2018; 276:662-674. [PMID: 30409646 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three techniques of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and solvent extraction (SE) were used for enhancing the hydroxytyrosol (HT), maslinic acid (MA) and oleanolic acid (OA) extraction from olive pomace, being evaluated and compared through process parameters, kinetics and thermodynamics, plus greenness assessment analysis. Results showed that UAE yielded the maximum compounds due to a strong cavitation effect and the strongest mass and heat transfer efficiency involving the kinetic constants (h, Ce and K) and thermodynamic parameters (△H, △S and △G). Additionally, the optimal extraction conditions were acquired: ethanol concentration of 90%, extraction temperature of 50 °C, extraction time of 5 min, liquid to solid ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasound intensity of 135.6 W/cm2, and ultrasound frequency of 60 kHz. UAE was confirmed as an effective and greener technique with the lowest E factor, energy consumption and carbon emission during the extraction process of bioactive compounds from olive pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujun Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yejun Deng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
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Alterations of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Antibiotic Resistance under Environmental Pressure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01173-18. [PMID: 30054356 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01173-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial horizontal gene transfer is a continuous process that shapes bacterial genomic adaptation to the environment and the composition of concurrent microbial ecology. This includes the potential impact of synthetic antibiotic utilization in farm animal production on overall antibiotic resistance issues; however, the mechanisms behind the evolution of microbial communities are not fully understood. We explored potential mechanisms by experimentally examining the relatedness of phylogenetic inference between multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates and pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium strains based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) comparisons. Antibiotic-resistant S Typhimurium isolates in a simulated farm environment barely lost their resistance, whereas sensitive S Typhimurium isolates in soils gradually acquired higher tetracycline resistance under antibiotic pressure and manipulated differential expression of antibiotic-resistant genes. The expeditious development of antibiotic resistance and the ensuing genetic alterations in antimicrobial resistance genes in S Typhimurium warrant effective actions to control the dissemination of Salmonella antibiotic resistance.IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is attributed to the misuse or overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, and antibiotic resistance genes can also be transferred to bacteria under environmental stress. In this study, we report a unidirectional alteration in antibiotic resistance from susceptibility to increased resistance. Highly sensitive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from organic farm systems quickly acquired tetracycline resistance under antibiotic pressure in simulated farm soil environments within 2 weeks, with expression of antibiotic resistance-related genes that was significantly upregulated. Conversely, originally resistant S Typhimurium isolates from conventional farm systems lost little of their resistance when transferred to environments without antibiotic pressure. Additionally, multidrug-resistant S Typhimurium isolates genetically shared relevancy with pathogenic S Typhimurium isolates, whereas susceptible isolates clustered with nonpathogenic strains. These results provide detailed discussion and explanation about the genetic alterations and simultaneous acquisition of antibiotic resistance in S Typhimurium in agricultural environments.
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25
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Tabashsum Z, Peng M, Salaheen S, Comis C, Biswas D. Competitive elimination and virulence property alteration of Campylobacter jejuni by genetically engineered Lactobacillus casei. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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