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Robinson JA, Rennie M, Clearwater M, Holland DJ, van den Berg AK, Watson M. Examination of embolisms in maple and birch saplings utilising microCT. Micron 2023; 168:103438. [PMID: 36889230 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the application of synchrotron x-ray microtomography (microCT) to non-invasively examine the internal structure of a maple and birch sapling. We show that, through the use of standard image analysis techniques, embolised vessels can be extracted from reconstructed slices of the stem. By combining these thresholded images with connectivity analysis, we map out the embolisms within the sapling in three dimensions and evaluate the size distribution, showing that large embolisms over 0.005 mm3 in volume compose the majority of the saplings' total embolised volume. Finally we evaluate the radial distribution of embolisms, showing that in maple fewer embolisms are present towards the cambium, while birch has a more uniform distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Robinson
- Biomolecular Interaction Center & Chemical and Process Engineering Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Matt Rennie
- Biomolecular Interaction Center & Chemical and Process Engineering Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mike Clearwater
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Daniel J Holland
- Biomolecular Interaction Center & Chemical and Process Engineering Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Abby K van den Berg
- Proctor Maple Research Center, University of Vermont, Underhill, VT, United States
| | - Matthew Watson
- Biomolecular Interaction Center & Chemical and Process Engineering Department, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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2
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Jahed KR, Hirst PM. Fruit growth and development in apple: a molecular, genomics and epigenetics perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122397. [PMID: 37123845 PMCID: PMC10130390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruit growth and development are physiological processes controlled by several internal and external factors. This complex regulatory mechanism comprises a series of events occurring in a chronological order over a growing season. Understanding the underlying mechanism of fruit development events, however, requires consideration of the events occurring prior to fruit development such as flowering, pollination, fertilization, and fruit set. Such events are interrelated and occur in a sequential order. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technology in conjunction with improved statistical and computational methods have empowered science to identify some of the major molecular components and mechanisms involved in the regulation of fruit growth and have supplied encouraging successes in associating genotypic differentiation with phenotypic observations. As a result, multiple approaches have been developed to dissect such complex regulatory machinery and understand the genetic basis controlling these processes. These methods include transcriptomic analysis, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping, whole-genome approach, and epigenetics analyses. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the molecular, genomic and epigenetics perspective of apple fruit growth and development that defines the final fruit size and provides a detailed analysis of the mechanisms by which fruit growth and development are controlled. Though the main emphasis of this article is on the molecular, genomic and epigenetics aspects of fruit growth and development, we will also deliver a brief overview on events occurring prior to fruit growth.
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3
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Tang T, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS. Intelligent detection for fresh-cut fruit and vegetable processing: Imaging technology. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:5171-5198. [PMID: 36156851 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are healthy and convenient ready-to-eat foods, and the final quality is related to the raw materials and each step of the cutting unit. It is necessary to integrate suitable intelligent detection technologies into the production chain so as to inspect each operation to ensure high product quality. In this paper, several imaging technologies that can be applied online to the processing of fresh-cut products are reviewed, including: multispectral/hyperspectral imaging (M/HSI), fluorescence imaging (FI), X-ray imaging (XRI), ultrasonic imaging, thermal imaging (TI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), terahertz imaging, and microwave imaging (MWI). The principles, advantages, and limitations of these imaging technologies are critically summarized. The potential applications of these technologies in online quality control and detection during the fresh-cut processing are comprehensively discussed, including quality of raw materials, contamination of cutting equipment, foreign bodies mixed in the processing, browning and microorganisms of the cutting surface, quality/shelf-life evaluation, and so on. Finally, the challenges and future application prospects of imaging technology in industrialization are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Emerging non-destructive imaging techniques for fruit damage detection: Image processing and analysis. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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García-Armenta E, Gutiérrez-López GF. Fractal Microstructure of Foods. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-021-09302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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6
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Ramachandran RP, Erkinbaev C, Thakur S, Paliwal J. Three dimensional characterization of micronized soybean seeds using X-ray microtomography. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Swapna MS, Sreejyothi S, Raj V, Sankararaman S. Is SARS CoV-2 a Multifractal?—Unveiling the Fractality and Fractal Structure. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2021; 51:731-737. [PMCID: PMC7809895 DOI: 10.1007/s13538-020-00844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A first report of unveiling the fractality and fractal nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) responsible for the pandemic disease widely known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is presented. The fractal analysis of the electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic images of 40 coronaviruses (CoV), by the normal and differential box-counting method, reveals its fractal structure. The generalised dimension indicates the multifractal nature of the CoV. The higher value of fractal dimension and lower value of Hurst exponent (H) suggest higher complexity and greater roughness. The statistical analysis of generalised dimension and H is understood through the notched box plot. The study on CoV clusters also confirms its fractal nature. The scale-invariant value of the box-counting fractal dimension of CoV yields a value of 1.820. The study opens the possibility of exploring the potential of fractal analysis in the medical diagnosis of SARS CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Swapna
- Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala 695581 India
| | - S. Sreejyothi
- Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala 695581 India
| | - Vimal Raj
- Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala 695581 India
| | - S. Sankararaman
- Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala 695581 India
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Swapna MS, Sankararaman S. The efflorescent carbon allotropes: fractality preserved blooming through alkali treatment and exfoliation. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/aba41d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The work reported in the paper elucidates morphological modification induced nanoart and surface area enhancement of graphite, graphene, and soot containing carbon allotropes through ultrasonication and alkali-treatment. The field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) analysis of the samples before and after exfoliation reveals the formation of brilliant flower-like structures from spindle-like basic units due to Ostwald ripening. The x-ray diffraction analysis of the samples gives information about structural composition. The fractal analysis of the FESEM images indicates a multifractal structure with the dimensions—box-counting dimension D0 (1.72), information dimension D1 (1.66), and correlation dimension D2 (1.63)—preserved upon exfoliation. The process of ultra-sonication assisted liquid phase exfoliation resembles blooming as if the carbon allotropes are efflorescent.
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Le TDQ, Alvarado C, Girousse C, Legland D, Chateigner-Boutin AL. Use of X-ray micro computed tomography imaging to analyze the morphology of wheat grain through its development. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:84. [PMID: 31384289 PMCID: PMC6668075 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is one of the most important staple source in the world for human consumption, animal feed and industrial raw materials. To deal with the global and increasing population demand, enhancing crop yield by increasing the final weight of individual grain is considered as a feasible solution. Morphometric analysis of wheat grain plays an important role in tracking and understanding developmental processes by assessing potential impacts on grains properties, size and shape that are major determinants of final grain weight. X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) is a very powerful non-invasive imaging tool that is able to acquire 3D images of an individual grain, enabling to assess the morphology of wheat grain and of its different compartments. Our objective is to quantify changes of morphology during growth stages of wheat grain from 3D μCT images. METHODS 3D μCT images of wheat grains were acquired at various development stages ranging from 60 to 310 degree days after anthesis. We developed robust methods for the identification of outer and inner tissues within the grains, and the extraction of morphometric features using 3D μCT images. We also developed a specific workflow for the quantification of the shape of the grain crease. RESULTS The different compartments of the grain could be semi-automatically segmented. Variations of volumes of the compartments adequately describe the different stages of grain developments. The evolution of voids within wheat grain reflects lysis of outer tissues and growth of inner tissues. The crease shape could be quantified for each grain and averaged for each stage of development, helping us understand the genesis of the grain shape. CONCLUSION This work shows that μCT acquisitions and image processing methodologies are powerful tools to extract morphometric parameters of developing wheat grain. The results of quantitative analysis revealed remarkable features of wheat grain growth. Further work will focus on building a computational model of wheat grain growth based on real 3D imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Girousse
- UMR GDEC, INRA, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Gao YS, Zheng QY, Zhang XR. Numerical investigation of Marangoni effect during precooling of fruits and vegetables. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sai Gao
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Qiu-Yun Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of City Heat; Beijing China
| | - Xin-Rong Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of City Heat; Beijing China
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11
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Multifractal analysis application to the study of fat and its infiltration in Iberian ham: Influence of racial and feeding factors and type of slicing. Meat Sci 2018; 148:55-63. [PMID: 30317010 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the multifractal features of different commercial designations of Iberian ham (acorn 100% Iberian ham, acorn Iberian ham, feed/pasture Iberian ham and feed Iberian ham). This study has been done by taking as input the fatty infiltration patterns obtained from digital image analysis of ham cuts comparing mechanic and manual slicing. The yielded results show the multifractal nature of fatty connective tissue in Iberian ham, only when knife cutting is applied, confirming the differences between the designations according to their genetics and feeding. Thus, the multifractal parameters presented in this work could be considered as additional information for checking Iberian ham quality by using non-destructive methods based on the combination of image analysis and predictive techniques. Meat industry can take advantage of these methods to evaluate meat products, especially when fat-connective tissue with complex pattern distribution is involved.
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12
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Kong L, Ostadhassan M, Liu B, Li C, Liu K. Multifractal Characteristics of MIP-Based Pore Size Distribution of 3D-Printed Powder-Based Rocks: A Study of Post-Processing Effect. Transp Porous Media 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-018-1152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Xiao Z, Rogiers SY, Sadras VO, Tyerman SD. Hypoxia in grape berries: the role of seed respiration and lenticels on the berry pedicel and the possible link to cell death. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2071-2083. [PMID: 29415235 PMCID: PMC6018838 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mesocarp cell death (CD) during ripening is common in berries of seeded Vitis vinifera L. wine cultivars. We examined if hypoxia within berries is linked to CD. The internal oxygen concentration ([O2]) across the mesocarp was measured in berries from Chardonnay and Shiraz, both seeded, and Ruby Seedless, using an oxygen micro-sensor. Steep [O2] gradients were observed across the skin and [O2] decreased toward the middle of the mesocarp. As ripening progressed, the minimum [O2] approached zero in the seeded cultivars and correlated to the profile of CD across the mesocarp. Seed respiration declined during ripening, from a large proportion of total berry respiration early to negligible at later stages. [O2] increased towards the central axis corresponding to the presence of air spaces visualized using X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT). These air spaces connect to the pedicel where lenticels are located that are critical for berry O2 uptake as a function of temperature, and when blocked caused hypoxia in Chardonnay berries, ethanol accumulation, and CD. The implications of hypoxia in grape berries are discussed in terms of its role in CD, ripening, and berry water relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xiao
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Suzy Y Rogiers
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Victor O Sadras
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- South Australian Research & Development Institute, Waite Research Precinct, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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Wang Z, Herremans E, Janssen S, Cantre D, Verboven P, Nicolaï B. Visualizing 3D Food Microstructure Using Tomographic Methods: Advantages and Disadvantages. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:323-343. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Herremans
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siem Janssen
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dennis Cantre
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- Postharvest Group, Division MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, VCBT, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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15
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The impact of high pressure and drying processing on internal structure and quality of fruit. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Cáez-Ramírez G, Alamilla-Beltrán L, Gutiérrez-López GF. Morphometric analysis and tissue structural continuity evaluation of senescence progression in fresh cut papaya ( Carica papaya L.). J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of drug distribution in solid dispersions and interpretation by multifractal geometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 150:241-247. [PMID: 29253780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Much contemporary research of poorly water-soluble drugs focuses on amorphous solid dispersions (SDs) for oral drug delivery. Recently, a multifractal formalism has been introduced to describe the distribution of an inorganic carrier in SDs. The present work attempts to directly image model drugs by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The compounds amlodipine, felodipine, glyburide, and indomethacine, which include halogens to enable sufficient scattering in energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, were employed to prepare SDs with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) by using a microwave method. Following chemical imaging, it was demonstrated that drug distribution was best described by multifractals, which was clearly superior to a monofractal assumption. The obtained fractal dimensions were influenced by drug loading and it was possible to detect microstructural changes upon addition of the plasticizer urea. Accordingly, the multifractal approach bears much potential to better explore the analytical results of chemical formulation imaging. Insights can be gained from the microstructural organization of SDs, which is interesting to further study formulation and process factors as well as physical stability.
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Wang Z, Verboven P, Nicolai B. Contrast-enhanced 3D micro-CT of plant tissues using different impregnation techniques. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:105. [PMID: 29209409 PMCID: PMC5706332 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-ray micro-CT has increasingly been used for 3D imaging of plant structures. At the micrometer resolution however, limitations in X-ray contrast often lead to datasets with poor qualitative and quantitative measures, especially within dense cell clusters of plant tissue specimens. The current study developed protocols for delivering a cesium based contrast enhancing solution to varying plant tissue specimens for the purpose of improving 3D tissue structure characterization within plant specimens, accompanied by new image processing workflows to extract the additional data generated by the contrast enhanced scans. RESULTS Following passive delivery of a 10% cesium iodide contrast solution, significant increases of 85.4 and 38.0% in analyzable cell volumes were observed in pear fruit hypanthium and tomato fruit outer mesocarp samples. A significant increase of 139.6% in the number of analyzable cells was observed in the pear fruit samples along the added ability to locate and isolate better brachysclereids and vasculature in the sample volume. Furthermore, contrast enhancement resulted in significant improvement in the definition of collenchyma and parenchyma in the petiolule of tomato leaflets, from which both qualitative and quantitative data can be extracted with respect to cell measures. However, contrast enhancement was not achieved in leaf vasculature and mesophyll tissue due to fundamental limitations. Active contrast delivery to apple fruit hypanthium samples did yield a small but insignificant increase in analyzable volume and cells, but data on vasculature can now be extracted better in correspondence to the pear hypanthium samples. Contrast delivery thus improved visualization and analysis the most in dense tissue types. CONCLUSIONS The cesium based contrast enhancing protocols and workflows can be utilized to obtain detailed 3D data on the internal microstructure of plant samples, and can be adapted to additional samples of interest with minimal effort. The resulting datasets can therefore be utilized for more accurate downstream studies that requires 3D data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Division MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Division MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Nicolai
- Division MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Jung H, Yoon WB. Multifractal Approaches of the Ring Tensile Rupture Patterns of Dried Laver (Porphyra) as Affected by the Relative Humidity. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2894-2900. [PMID: 29111587 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of water activity (aw ) or the relative humidity (RH) on the tensile rupture properties of dried laver (DL) associated with structures formed with phycocolloids was investigated. The morphological characteristics of tensile ruptured DL samples at various relative humidities were evaluated by multifractal analysis. The RH of the microclimate was controlled from 10% to 90% at 25 °C using supersaturated salt solutions. The sorption isotherm of DL was experimentally obtained and quantitatively analyzed using mathematical models. The monolayer moisture contents from the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model was 5.92% (w.b.). An increase in the RH resulted in increasing ring tensile stress and maintaining constant ring tensile strain up to 58% to 75% RH, whereas the ring tensile stress and the ring tensile strain rapidly decreased and increased, respectively, when the RH was higher than 75%. The general fractal dimensions and the multifractal spectra f(α) manifested that the patterns of the lowest and the highest moisture content of dried laver showed high irregularity. The different multifractal parameters obtained from the DL at various RHs well-represented the transient moment of the structures from the monolayer moisture to texture changes associated with RH. Overall, the ring tensile test and the multifractal analysis were useful tools to analyze the change of crispness of DL from its structural characteristics. In addition, the results of this study revealed that the integration and disintegration properties of DL occurred through the networks of phycocolloids at various moisture contents. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Texture properties are the most important quality attributes for commercial dried laver (DL) products. The relative humidity influences the texture properties of DL during production, storage, shipping, and consuming. This study well characterized the effect of the relative humidity on the texture properties of DL using the tensile tests under microclimate conditions. This information is very practical and can be immediately applied to control the relative humidity of the packaging and the storage room for DL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwabin Jung
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Kangwon Natl. Univ., Chuncheon, Gangwon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Byong Yoon
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Kangwon Natl. Univ., Chuncheon, Gangwon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Cáez Ramírez G, Téllez-Medina DI, García-Armenta E, -López GFG. Digital image analysis and fractal metrics as potential tools to monitor colour changes in fresh-cut papaya (Carica papaya L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1293090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cáez Ramírez
- Doctorado en Biociencias, Grupo Procesos Agroindustriales, Universidad de La Sabana, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Darío Iker Téllez-Medina
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Evangelina García-Armenta
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Gustavo Fidel Gutiérrez -López
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Dynamics of fluid migration into porous solid matrix during high pressure treatment. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Adler C, Teleki A, Kuentz M. Multifractal and mechanical analysis of amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Cirillo G, Restuccia D, Curcio M, Iemma F, Spizzirri UG. Food Analysis: A Brief Overview. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119160588.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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24
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Multifractal Characterization of Pharmaceutical Hot-Melt Extrudates. Pharm Res 2016; 34:321-332. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Hou J, Sun Y, Chen F, Yu L, Mao Q, Wang L, Guo X, Liu C. Analysis of microstructures and macrotextures for different apple cultivars based on parenchyma morphology. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:304-12. [PMID: 26873096 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fuji, Golden Delicious, and Jonagold parenchyma were imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy to be extracted morphology characteristics, which were used to analyze the relationship with macrotexture of apples tested by penetration and compression. Before analyzing the relationship, the significantly different morphology parameters were reduced in dimensions by principal component analysis and were proved to be availably used for distinguishing the different apple cultivars. For compression results, cell did not absolutely determine the hardness in different apple cultivars, and the pore should also be taken into consideration. With the same size in cell feret diameter, the bigger the pore feret diameter was, the softer the apple became. If no difference existed in pore feret diameter size, the cultivar became harder with a narrower distribution in cell feret diameter. The texture parameters were compared with the roundness parameters in the same or inverse changing trends to explore the relationship. High correlations were found between the texture parameters (energy required in whole penetration (Wt), fracture force (Fp), crispness) and pore solidity (R(2) > 0.924, P < 0.001). Compactness of parenchyma played an important role in fruit texture. This research could provide the comprehension about relationship between microstructure and macrotexture of apple cultivars and morphological values for modeling apple parenchyma, contributing to numerical simulation for constitutive relation of fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumin Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yonghai Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Libo Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qian Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Schoeman L, Williams P, du Plessis A, Manley M. X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) for non-destructive characterisation of food microstructure. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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García-Armenta E, Téllez-Medina D, Sánchez-Segura L, Alamilla-Beltrán L, Hernández-Sánchez H, Gutiérrez-López G. Multifractal breakage pattern of tortilla chips as related to moisture content. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Castagnini J, Betoret N, Betoret E, Fito P. Vacuum impregnation and air drying temperature effect on individual anthocyanins and antiradical capacity of blueberry juice included into an apple matrix. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Herremans E, Verboven P, Hertog MLATM, Cantre D, van Dael M, De Schryver T, Van Hoorebeke L, Nicolaï BM. Spatial development of transport structures in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:679. [PMID: 26388883 PMCID: PMC4554951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The void network and vascular system are important pathways for the transport of gases, water and solutes in apple fruit (Malus × domestica Borkh). Here we used X-ray micro-tomography at various spatial resolutions to investigate the growth of these transport structures in 3D during fruit development of "Jonagold" apple. The size of the void space and porosity in the cortex tissue increased considerably. In the core tissue, the porosity was consistently lower, and seemed to decrease toward the end of the maturation period. The voids in the core were more narrow and fragmented than the voids in the cortex. Both the void network in the core and in the cortex changed significantly in terms of void morphology. An automated segmentation protocol underestimated the total vasculature length by 9-12% in comparison to manually processed images. Vascular networks increased in length from a total of 5 m at 9 weeks after full bloom, to more than 20 m corresponding to 5 cm of vascular tissue per cubic centimeter of apple tissue. A high degree of branching in both the void network and vascular system and a complex three-dimensional pattern was observed across the whole fruit. The 3D visualizations of the transport structures may be useful for numerical modeling of organ growth and transport processes in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Herremans
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dennis Cantre
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Mattias van Dael
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Schryver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UGCT-Radiation Physics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UGCT-Radiation Physics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Bart M. Nicolaï
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest TechnologyLeuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Bart M. Nicolaï, Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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31
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García-Armenta E, Téllez-Medina DI, Alamilla-Beltrán L, Arana-Errasquín R, Hernández-Sánchez H, Gutiérrez-López GF. Multifractal breakage patterns of thick maltodextrin agglomerates. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Dal Bello M, Maggi E, Rindi L, Capocchi A, Fontanini D, Sanz-Lazaro C, Benedetti-Cecchi L. Multifractal spatial distribution of epilithic microphytobenthos on a Mediterranean rocky shore. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dal Bello
- Dipto di Biologia; Univ. di Pisa, CoNISMa; Via Derna 1 IT-56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Dipto di Biologia; Univ. di Pisa, CoNISMa; Via Derna 1 IT-56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Luca Rindi
- Dipto di Biologia; Univ. di Pisa, CoNISMa; Via Derna 1 IT-56126 Pisa Italy
| | | | - Debora Fontanini
- Dipto di Biologia; Univ. di Pisa; Via L. Ghini 5 IT-56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Carlos Sanz-Lazaro
- Dipto di Biologia; Univ. di Pisa, CoNISMa; Via Derna 1 IT-56126 Pisa Italy
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Melado-Herreros A, Fernández-Valle ME, Barreiro P. Non-Destructive Global and Localized 2D T1/T2 NMR Relaxometry to Resolve Microstructure in Apples Affected by Watercore. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Characterizing the tissue of apple air-dried and osmo-air-dried rings by X-CT and OCT and relationship with ring crispness and fruit maturity at harvest measured by TRS. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Computation of mass transport properties of apple and rice from X-ray microtomography images. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ting VJL, Silcock P, Bremer PJ, Biasioli F. X-ray micro-computer tomographic method to visualize the microstructure of different apple cultivars. J Food Sci 2014; 78:E1735-42. [PMID: 24245890 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apples are appreciated for their texture with firmness acting as an indicator of quality. During prolonged storage, apples can soften and their texture can become undesirably mealy. Using an X-ray microcomputer tomography (μ-CT) scanner, the porosity (ratio of intercellular space [IS] to total volume) and the structural arrangement of the parenchyma tissue of 4 apple cultivars (Braeburn, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Jazz) stored under similar conditions for 100 d were visualized via the development of 2D and 3D images. The texture of the apples was also measured using a puncture test. The morphometric and textural measurements revealed that firm Jazz apples (flesh firmness: 29.84N) had a lower porosity (17%) compared to soft Golden Delicious apples (flesh firmness: 14.16N; porosity: 29.8%). In general, firm apples had a higher dry matter (%) and a lower porosity (%), while the reverse was true for softer apples. However, this was not an absolute trend as cultivar specific differences in the microstructural organization and consequent mechanical strength of the parenchyma tissue also influenced firmness. For example, although Fuji apples were firm (28.42N), they had a high porosity (29.3%) due to the presence of numerous small and compact IS. In comparison, soft Golden Delicious apples had a high porosity (29.8%) due to the presence of large, interconnected IS. Imaging technologies have the potential to provide a pictorial or graphical database showing the size range distribution of IS corresponding to different parenchyma tissue types and how they relate to apple texture and eating quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina J L Ting
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all' Adige (TN), Italy; Sensory Science Research Centre, Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Nicolaï BM, Defraeye T, De Ketelaere B, Herremans E, Hertog MLATM, Saeys W, Torricelli A, Vandendriessche T, Verboven P. Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2014; 5:285-312. [PMID: 24387604 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review nondestructive techniques for measuring internal and external quality attributes of fruit and vegetables, such as color, size and shape, flavor, texture, and absence of defects. The different techniques are organized according to their physical measurement principle. We first describe each technique and then list some examples. As many of these techniques rely on mathematical models and particular data processing methods, we discuss these where needed. We pay particular attention to techniques that can be implemented online in grading lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M Nicolaï
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; , , , , , , ,
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38
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Chen Q, Zhang C, Zhao J, Ouyang Q. Recent advances in emerging imaging techniques for non-destructive detection of food quality and safety. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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39
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Utrilla-Coello RG, Bello-Perez LA, Lara VH, Vernon-Carter EJ, Alvarez-Ramirez J. A fractal analysis approach for predicting starch retrogradation from X-ray diffractograms. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201300040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubi G. Utrilla-Coello
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI); Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Yautepec Morelos, México
| | - Luis A. Bello-Perez
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI); Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Yautepec Morelos, México
| | - Victor H. Lara
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; México D.F. México
| | - Eduardo J. Vernon-Carter
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; México D.F. México
| | - Jose Alvarez-Ramirez
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; México D.F. México
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40
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Schulze B, Peth S, Hubbermann EM, Schwarz K. The influence of vacuum impregnation on the fortification of apple parenchyma with quercetin derivatives in combination with pore structures X-ray analysis. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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