1
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Lv H, Zhang W, Hosseini M, Samani MR, Toghraie D. Characterization and synthesis of new adsorbents with some natural waste materials for the purification of aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117660. [PMID: 36893536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hexavalent chromium Removal from aqueous environments was investigated by using polyaniline composites with some natural waste materials. Batch experiments were used, and some parameters such as contact time, pH and adsorption isotherms were determined for the best composite with the highest removal efficiency. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the composites. According to the results, the polyaniline/walnut shell charcoal/PEG composite outperformed other composites and showed the highest chromium removal efficiency of 79.22%. Polyaniline/walnut shell charcoal/PEG has a larger specific surface area of 9.291 (m2/gr) which leads to an increase in its removal efficiency. For this composite, the highest removal efficiency was obtained at the pH = 2 and 30 min contact time. The maximum calculated adsorption capacity was 500 mg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of E-waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, PR China.
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of E-waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, PR China
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
| | - Majid Riahi Samani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran.
| | - Davood Toghraie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran.
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2
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Khan MI, Almesfer MK, Elkhaleefa AM, Aamary A, Ali IH, Shamim MZ, Shoukry H, Rehan M. Efficient adsorption of hexavalent chromium ions onto novel ferrochrome slag/polyaniline nanocomposite: ANN modeling, isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:86665-86679. [PMID: 35799000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current research is concerned with the adsorption behavior of chromium (IV) ions in an aqueous solution using a novel ferrochrome slag/polyaniline nanocomposite (FeCr-PANI) adsorbent. The effect of process parameters such as temperature, pH solution, initial Cr (VI) ions concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on the adsorption process is experimentally investigated in this study. Furthermore, we have trained a multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) using the experimental data of various process parameters to successfully predict the adsorption behavior of chromium (IV) ions onto the FeCr-PANI adsorbent. The ANN model was trained using the Lavenberg-Marquardt algorithm and ten neurons in the hidden layer and was able to estimate the % removal efficiency of chromium (IV) under the influence of different process parameters (R2 = 0.991). Initial solution pH was observed to have a significant influence on the % removal efficiency. The % removal efficiency was found to be high at 97.10% for the solution with pH 3 but decreased to 64.40% for the solution with pH 11. Cr (VI) % removal efficiency was observed to increase with an increase in solution temperature, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. However, the % removal efficiency was found to decrease from 96.9 to 54.8% with increasing the initial dye concentration from 100 to 400 ppm. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity increased from 9.69 to 21.93 mg/g with an increase in the initial concentration from 100 to 400 ppm, as expected. The Langmuir isotherm model exhibited the best fit with the experimental data (R2 = 0.9977). The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 22.523 mg g-1 at 298 K. The experimental data fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ilyas Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Abdelfattah Aamary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismat Hassan Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zubair Shamim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada Shoukry
- Housing and Building National Research Centre (HBRC), Building Physics (BPI), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohmmad Rehan
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Ghebache Z, Safidine Z, Hamidouche F, Boudieb N, Benaboura A, Trari M. Elaboration and characterization of new adsorbents based on conducting PANI/zeolite HY/TiO2 nanocomposite applied for chromate adsorption. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Das HT, Dutta S, Beura R, Das N. Role of polyaniline in accomplishing a sustainable environment: recent trends in polyaniline for eradicating hazardous pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49598-49631. [PMID: 35596869 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Attaining a sustainable environment has become a prime area of research interest, as it is an utmost necessity for a healthy life. Hence, ample studies have been carried out in adopting different processes and utilizing various materials to attain the goal. Herein, we present an exclusive discussion on one such material, i.e., polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives. Being an intrinsic conducting type, it has grabbed more attention due to its durability in different doped/un-doped states, promptness in structural alteration, and solution processability. This review presents an exhaustive discussion on published reports showing utilization of PANI and its derivative in various forms like pure and composites, for cleaning the environment through adsorption, photodegradation, etc., and the various methods adopted in order to achieve an optimum operating condition to obtain the maximum outcome. In addition to these merits and demerits, various technical challenges faced with materials have been also presented. Therefore, it is expected that this piece of work, presenting the exhaustive discussion on PANI and; its derivatives would help to develop a better understanding of this excellent conducting polymer PANI and provide a state of art on the role of this material for attaining sustainable surroundings for the living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Tanaya Das
- Centre of Excellence for Advance Materials and Applications, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Swapnamoy Dutta
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rosalin Beura
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwaraka, New Delhi, India
| | - Nigamananda Das
- Centre of Excellence for Advance Materials and Applications, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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5
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Gogoi S, Saikia MD. Chromium Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Dowex Retardion
11A8 and Amberlite IRA 743 Free Base: An Insight into the Mechanism. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411017666201208092010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The presence of heavy metal contaminants such as chromium, lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic,
nickel, and copper have become a major issue towards human health. Chromium is extremely toxic to living organisms as
it acts as carcinogen and mutagen. High concentration of chromium may cause detrimental effects to human health in the
long term. The mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, included Cr(VI) in the group “A” of human carcinogens. Cr(VI)
can easily penetrate into the cell wall and exert its noxious effect due to its mobility in the environment. Cr(VI) is nearly
100 times more toxic than Cr(III). Cr(VI) causes skin and stomach irritation or ulceration, damage to liver, kidney
ulceration, damage to nerve tissue, and long-term exposure above the maximum contaminated level even led to death.
Therefore, it is essential to remove chromium from wastewater prior to its final discharge into the environment. This study
attempts to explore the mechanism by which chromium ions had been adsorbed by these two ion exchange resins and will
be extended further to investigate the uptake mechanism of other metal ions within future research.
Methods:
Equilibrium isotherms were obtained by contacting 20 mL of aqueous metal ion solution with different amounts
of adsorbents in a shaker bath controlled at 25±0.5oC. The initial concentration of metal ion in the aqueous solution was
varied between 40-100 mg L
-1
. Equilibrium isotherms for the above metal ion were generated at pH 3, 4 and 5. The pH of
the solution was varied between pH 3 to 5 using appropriate doses of buffer. Preliminary runs exhibited that the
adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 1–1.30 h of contact time for both the tested resins. The adsorbents used were
DOWEX and AMB resins. For estimation of adsorption enthalpy, adsorption equilibrium experiments were performed at
temperatures 30, 40 and 55oC. The amount of metal ion adsorbed per unit mass of the adsorbent (mg g-1) was calculated
as q= V∆C/W, where ∆C is the change in solute concentration (mg L
-1
), V is the solution volume (L) and W is the weight
of the adsorbent (g). Experiments on adsorption kinetics were performed in a stirred constant volume vessel. The liquid
volume was 100 cm3 with 10g of adsorbent sample. The initial concentration of metal ion was 80 mg L
-1
at 25±0.5oC. The
aqueous phase concentration was examined at equal time intervals till equilibration.
Results:
The electrostatic interaction of Cr(VI) with the positively charged nitrogen atom of the functional groups and
chelation of Cr(III) with the electron donor groups were the possible mechanistic pathways through which the adsorption
had occurred onto both the ion-exchange resins. Though electrostatic interaction was the predominant interaction in both
the resins for the adsorption of anionic Cr(VI) species, but it had been observed that the mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption
was not only “anionic adsorption” but also the complexation of the reduced Cr(III) with the ammonium group of the
resins. Thus, “adsorption- coupled reduction” was the main mechanism for the uptake of chromium ions.
Conclusion:
The present work demonstrated that both resins could effectively adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution.
More adsorption had taken place onto DOWEX compared to AMB. The adsorption characteristics of both the resins were
studied under various equilibrium and thermodynamic conditions which proposed the spontaneous nature of the process.
The adsorption capacities of both resins were influenced by the pH of the medium and exhibited high adsorption
performances at pH 3. The mechanism of adsorption onto the two resins studied here was anionic adsorption of Cr (VI)
and chelation of Cr (III) ion. The Cr(III) ions might have formed because of the reduction of Cr(VI) by the electron donor
atoms present in the resins and interacted with the adsorbent surface. FTIR spectra also supported the interaction of
chromium ions with functional groups present in the resin structures. Thus chromium uptake by DOWEX and AMB resins
was mainly governed by “adsorption- coupled reduction”. Desorption studies revealed that regeneration of both the ionexchange resins are possible at basic pH and can be reused. However, the application of these two ion-exchange resins
using real effluent is under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastika Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Arya Vidyapeeth College, Guwahati 781 016, Assam,India
| | - Monali Dutta Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Arya Vidyapeeth College, Guwahati 781 016, Assam,India
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6
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Khan MI, Almesfer MK, Elkhaleefa A, Shigidi I, Shamim MZ, Ali IH, Rehan M. Conductive Polymers and Their Nanocomposites as Adsorbents in Environmental Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3810. [PMID: 34771368 PMCID: PMC8587430 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper treatment and disposal of industrial pollutants of all kinds are a global issue that presents significant techno-economical challenges. The presence of pollutants such as heavy metal ions (HMIs) and organic dyes (ODs) in wastewater is considered a significant problem owing to their carcinogenic and toxic nature. Additionally, industrial gaseous pollutants (GPs) are considered to be harmful to human health and may cause various environmental issues such as global warming, acid rain, smog and air pollution, etc. Conductive polymer-based nanomaterials have gained significant interest in recent years, compared with ceramics and metal-based nanomaterials. The objective of this review is to provide detailed insights into different conductive polymers (CPs) and their nanocomposites that are used as adsorbents for environmental remediation applications. The dominant types of CPs that are being used as adsorbent materials include polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (Ppy), and polythiophene (PTh). The various adsorption mechanisms proposed for the removal of ODs, HMIs, and other GPs by the different CPs are presented, together with their maximum adsorption capacities, experimental conditions, adsorption, and kinetic models reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ilyas Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (A.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Mohammed Khaloufa Almesfer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (A.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Abubakr Elkhaleefa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (A.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Ihab Shigidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.A.); (A.E.); (I.S.)
| | - Mohammed Zubair Shamim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ismat H. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia;
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7
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Arathi K, Ravishankar TN, Raj K, Nagashree KL. Efficient catalytic reduction of hazardous hexavalent chromium by cobalt sulfide nanoparticles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Acharya R, Lenka A, Parida K. Magnetite modified amino group based polymer nanocomposites towards efficient adsorptive detoxification of aqueous Cr (VI): A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Senguttuvan S, Senthilkumar P, Janaki V, Kamala-Kannan S. Significance of conducting polyaniline based composites for the removal of dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solution and wastewaters - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129201. [PMID: 33338713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dyes and heavy metals pollution have become a major environmental concern worldwide. Various methods, such as advanced oxidation, biodegradation, precipitation, flocculation, ultra filtration, ion-exchange, electro-chemical degradation and coagulation, have been proposed for the removal of dyes and heavy metals from contaminated wastewater. Of these methods, adsorption and detoxification are considered as the most promising and economically viable. Polyaniline-based composites, a material prepared by combining polyaniline with one or more similar or disimilar materials, have been reported as good adsorbents to remove and detoxify different groups of pollutants due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the last decade, several studies have reported the effective adsorption (∼95%) of dyes and heavy metals onto polyaniline based composites. Furthermore, some polyaniline -composites reduced the adsorbed heavy metals into less toxic state. This review compiles the application of different polyaniline composites for adsorption and/or detoxifcation of dyes and heavy metals and documents composite preparation methods, morphology and properties of the composites, and mechanism of dyes and heavy metals adsorption. Based on the avilabile literature, this review suggests that more studies are warranted to understand the influence of various conditions and experimental variables on dyes and heavy metals removal from wastewater and/or aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senguttuvan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthilkumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Janaki
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sarada College for Women, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Kamala-Kannan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea.
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10
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Janmohammadi M, Baghdadi M, Adyel TM, Mehrdadi N. Waste plastic filter modified with polyaniline and polypyrrole nanoparticles for hexavalent chromium removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141850. [PMID: 32889277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a toxic heavy metal for environmental compartments and human health. In this study, waste polypropylene hollow filters (PPF) with an optimal pore size of 5 μm were amino-functionalized with an optimized amount of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) as an adsorbent for removing Cr (VI). The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, showing the successful polymerization of co-polymer on the surface of PPF and increasing the surface area up to 15.08 m2 g-1. A Box-Behnken design was applied by a quadratic model with 99.15% accuracy, revealing a significant impact of the initial concentration of Cr (VI) on the removal efficiency. Dynamic adsorption was conducted in a continuous and semi-continuous system with over 99% removal efficiency for various initial concentrations of Cr(VI). The fitted data showed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models at the optimum pH of 2 with the predicted maximum adsorption capacity of 510.9 mg g-1 of PANI+PPy, which was significantly higher than some reported adsorbents. The effect of coexisting cations (Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) and anions (SO42-, Cl- and NO3-) on the removal efficiency revealed selective adsorption of Cr(VI) by the adsorbent. The produced adsorbent was capable of removing 76.6% of Cr(VI) from real electroplating wastewater. Regeneration of the adsorbent was performed by NaOH 1 mol L-1 up to three cycles with a 20% reduction in adsorption performance. All data showed that PPF@PANI+PPy was a promising adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions and real-world wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Janmohammadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Baghdadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, 23 College Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Naser Mehrdadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Fang Q, Li Z, Lai Y, Yang H. Prepared PANI@nano hollow carbon sphere adsorbents with lappaceum shell like structure for high efficiency removal of hexavalent chromium. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128109. [PMID: 33297102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the novel polyaniline@nano hollow carbon sphere (PANI@NHCS) adsorbents with different mass of NHCS were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. The microstructure of obtained PANI@NHCS-10, PANI@NHCS-20, PANI@NHCS-30 and PANI@NHCS-40 samples were observed through both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed that the PANI@NHCS-30 possessed hollow structure like lappaceum shell. Then, the performance of obtained PANI@NHCS-30 was studied for removing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from waste water. With the help of unique hollow structure and reduction ability of PANI@NHCS-30, the Cr(VI) was fleetly adsorbed and then reduced to less toxic Cr(III). The maximum adsorption capacity was 250.0 mg/g for PANI@NHCS-30 under the optimal condition. Moreover, the effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and different ions on the adsorption performance were investigated in detail. Importantly, the PANI@NHCS-30 still shows superb adsorption ability after five cycles, which suggests its satisfactory reusability ability. The accumulated data revealed the crucial role of PANI and hollow structure co-promoting effect on Cr(VI) reduction reactions over PANI@NHCS-30, which could be applied to the practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Function Material, Suzhou Research Institute of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China; Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yimei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Function Material, Suzhou Research Institute of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
| | - Qinglu Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuxian Lai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hangsheng Yang
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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12
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Olad A, Bastanian M, Aber S, Zebhi H. Ion-crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose/polyaniline bio-conducting interpenetrated polymer network: preparation, characterization and application for an efficient removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Lei C, Wang C, Chen W, He M, Huang B. Polyaniline@magnetic chitosan nanomaterials for highly efficient simultaneous adsorption and in-situ chemical reduction of hexavalent chromium: Removal efficacy and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:139316. [PMID: 32447080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Devising new versatile nano-adsorbents for efficient capturing of heavy metals in water represents one important direction for environmental remediation. Here, the application of a novel polyaniline@magnetic chitosan (PANI@MCTS) composite consisting of numerous nitrogen-containing functional groups and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles was reported for the efficient treatment of chromium-containing wastewater. This material exhibited a fast adsorption kinetics (80% removal efficiency within 15 min) and strong adsorption capacity (186.6 mg(Cr(VI))•g-1(PANI@MCTS)) for removing Cr(VI) in water as well as an excellent magnetic separation ability. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model and comply with the pseudo-second-order kinetics. More importantly, the PANI@MCTS could facilitate the in-situ chemical reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) that enabled the detoxification treatment of Cr(VI) in water. XPS analysis revealed the simultaneous adsorption and in-situ chemical reduction of Cr(VI) on the PANI@MCTS, where the coordination and electrostatic interaction between Cr(VI) and the positively charged nitrogen containing functional groups contributed to the adsorption, and the = N-/-NH- groups served as active redox pair triggered the in-situ chemical reduction reaction. The recycle experiment showed an excellent stability of this material with >90% removal efficiency after five repeats of treatment. This work provides a promising alternative material for the effective treatment of chromium-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lei
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Chunwei Wang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Miaohua He
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Binbin Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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14
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Su J, Hao H, Lv X, Jin X, Yang Q. Properties and mechanism of hexavalent chromium removal by FeS@ graphite carbon nitride nanocomposites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Abo El-Reesh GY, Farghali AA, Taha M, Mahmoud RK. Novel synthesis of Ni/Fe layered double hydroxides using urea and glycerol and their enhanced adsorption behavior for Cr(VI) removal. Sci Rep 2020; 10:587. [PMID: 31953466 PMCID: PMC6969103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel modified Ni/Fe layered double hydroxides with different morphology of spherical - like shape were fabricated via using urea as a ligand and glycerol (Ni/Fe LDH/GL) with Ni:Fe molar ratios of 2:1 by the simplest co -precipitation method. Also, for comparison purposes, Ni/Fe LDH was synthesized to be used as a control one. A suggested interpretation for the morphology change was also given. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), The Fourier transform infrared (FT - IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), EDX for elemental analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) equation, particle size distributions and Zeta potential measurements. In addition, the synthesized materials were used as adsorbents for removal of potassium dichromate from aqueous solutions under various experimental conditions. The adsorption of Cr (VI) was strongly pH dependant and the pHPZC was studied. Kinetic studies were evaluated through different models including, pseudo first and second orders, mixed 1, 2 orders, intra particle diffusion and Avrami models. For adsorption isotherms, two-parameter models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) and three parameter models (Sips, Langmuir-Freundlich and Tooth) were investigated showing maximum adsorption capacity of 50.43 mg/g and 136.05 mg/g for Ni/Fe LDH and Ni/Fe LDH/GL, respectively. Also, the effect of temperature was investigated at (23, 35, 45, 55 °C) and the thermodynamic parameters (∆H°, ∆S° and ∆G°) were calculated showing exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. The effect of coexisting anions (Cl-, SO42- and HPO42-) and humic acid at different concentrations on the removal efficiency of dichromate ions was investigated. Chemical stability and recyclability of these adsorbents were also studied. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds formation between dichromate ion, urea, glycerol, LDH was explored by Monte Carlo simulation This study suggested that the modified Ni/Fe LDH/GL materials were promising nanoadsorbents for efficient potassium dichromate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Y Abo El-Reesh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Materials Science and nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab K Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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16
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Haitham K, Razak S, Nawi M. Kinetics and isotherm studies of methyl orange adsorption by a highly recyclable immobilized polyaniline on a glass plate. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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17
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Wang L, Huang L, Xia H, Li H, Li X, Liu X. Application of a multi-electrode system with polyaniline auxiliary electrodes for electrokinetic remediation of chromium-contaminated soil. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Rawat AP, Singh DP. Synergistic action of adsorption and reductive properties of ash derived from distilled Mentha piperita plant waste in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:27-33. [PMID: 30909001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption behavior of Mentha Plant Ash (MPA) in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was analyzed as a function of different pH (3.0-8.0), different concentration of Cr(VI) (10-50 mg L-1), contact time (0-90 min) and doses of adsorbent (0.1-0.5 g/100 mL). Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto MPA was found to be dependent on pH condition of the solution and showed maximum removal of Cr(VI) at pH 3.0. The study of adsorption kinetics on Cr(VI) removal by MPA showed that pseudo-second order kinetic model was more suitable to describe the Cr(VI) removal by adsorption onto MPA. Results on Cyclic Voltammetry study of MPA treated with Cr(VI) solution revealed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and Cr(II) by MPA particles through multi-step electron transfer reactions. A combined effect of adsorption and reduction properties of MPA was particularly responsible for removal and transformation of Cr(VI). These attributes of MPA were contributed by many active Cr(VI) binding and electron donating ligands present on the MPA surface as evident from FTIR and XPS analysis of MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Prakash Rawat
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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19
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Mrudula MS, Tiwari N, Jha SN, Bhattacharyya D, Nair MRG. Structural studies on transition metal ion complexes of polyethylene oxide-natural rubber block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Application of graphene oxide modified with the phenopyridine and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole for the adsorption of Cr (VI) from wastewater: Optimization, kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Samani MR, Toghraie D. Removal of hexavalent chromium from water using polyaniline/ wood sawdust/ poly ethylene glycol composite: an experimental study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:53-62. [PMID: 31297202 PMCID: PMC6582201 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-018-00325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline/ Sawdust /Poly Ethylene Glycol/ (PANi/SD/PEG) composite synthesized chemically is used as an adsorbent to remove hexavalent chromium from water. Adsorption experiments have been done in batch and continuous (column) mode. Some parameter such as pH, contact time, PANi/SD/PEG dose, isotherms in batch mode and pH, column bed depth and fluid flow rate in column mode were investigated. Result shows that PANi/SD/PEG has a good performance to remove hexavalent chromium ion from aqueous media. By presence of PEG, prepared composite has been homogenized and further absorption has been occurred. The best adsorption occurs under pH 2 and optimum contact time for removal of hexavalent chromium ion in batch experiment was about 30 min. Adsorption of Cr (VI) by PANi/SD/PEG fitted well in Langmuir isotherms. Maximum adsorption of hexavalent chromium was calculated 3.2 (mg/g). In column experiments, pH and column bed depth were found to be more prominent than fluid flow rate. Though, about 22% of Cr (VI) can be recovered using 0.1 M NaOH in the batch system, the recovered Cr (VI) in column system was less than 7.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Riahi Samani
- Department of civil Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
| | - Davood Toghraie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
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22
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Muhammad A, Shah AUHA, Bilal S, Rahman G. Basic Blue Dye Adsorption from Water using Polyaniline/Magnetite(Fe 3O 4) Composites: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1764. [PMID: 31151258 PMCID: PMC6600751 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its exciting physicochemical properties and doping-dedoping chemistry, polyaniline (PANI) has emerged as a potential adsorbent for removal of dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solution. Herein, we report on the synthesis of PANI composites with magnetic oxide (Fe3O4) for efficient removal of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) dye from aqueous solution. PANI, Fe3O4, and their composites were characterized with several techniques and subsequently applied for adsorption of BB3. Effect of contact time, initial concentration of dye, pH, and ionic strength on adsorption behavior were systematically investigated. The data obtained were fitted into Langmuir, Frundlich, Dubbanin-Rudiskavich (D-R), and Tempkin adsorption isotherm models for evaluation of adsorption parameters. Langmuir isotherm fits closely to the adsorption data with R2 values of 0.9788, 0.9849, and 0.9985 for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The maximum amount of dye adsorbed was 7.474, 47.977, and 78.13 mg/g for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The enhanced adsorption capability of the composites is attributed to increase in surface area and pore volume of the hybrid materials. The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics with R2 values of 0.873, 0.979, and 0.999 for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The activation energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy changes, and entropy changes were found to be 11.14, -32.84, -04.05, and -0.095 kJ/mol for Fe3O4, 11.97, -62.93, -07.78, and -0.18 kJ/mol for PANI and 09.94, -74.26, -10.63, and -0.210 kJ/mol for PANI/Fe3O4 respectively, which indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Muhammad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | | | - Salma Bilal
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
- TU Braunschweig Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Gul Rahman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
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Olad A, Bastanian M, Bakht Khosh Hagh H. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies of Removal Process of Hexavalent Chromium Ions from Water by Using Bio-conducting Starch–Montmorillonite/Polyaniline Nanocomposite. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Chen Z, Wei B, Yang S, Li Q, Liu L, Yu S, Wen T, Hu B, Chen J, Wang X. Synthesis of PANI/AlOOH composite for Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction from aqueous solutions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Benben Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Shanye Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Qian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Lu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Shujun Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Tao Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science; Shaoxing University; Huancheng West Road 508 Shaoxing 312000 China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Science; Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua; 321004 China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization; College of Environmental Science and Engineering; North China Electric Power University; Beijing 102206 China
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25
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Thao VD, Giang BL, Thu TV. Free-standing polypyrrole/polyaniline composite film fabricated by interfacial polymerization at the vapor/liquid interface for enhanced hexavalent chromium adsorption. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5445-5452. [PMID: 35515949 PMCID: PMC9060806 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10478f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial polymerization is an innovative technique for the fabrication of polymeric films. However, the majority of studies on interfacial polymerization has focused on liquid/liquid interfaces, and little work has been done on vapor/liquid interfaces. In this paper, we present the fabrication of free-standing polypyrrole/polyaniline (PPy/PANI) composite films by interfacial polymerization at a vapor/liquid interface using FeCl3 as an oxidant. The obtained PPy/PANI composite films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the PPy/PANI composite films consist of PANI particles evenly distributed on porous PPy film. The influence of FeCl3 concentration on the morphology of the resulting composite films was investigated. The PPy/PANI composite films show an excellent Cr(vi) adsorption capacity of 256.41 mg g−1, much higher than that of PPy-based absorbents prepared from chemical and electrochemical polymerization routes. This work thus suggests a new route for the fabrication of PPy/PANI films with highly enhanced Cr(vi) adsorption capacity for practical applications. Free-standing polypyrrole/polyaniline composite film fabricated by interfacial polymerization at vapor/liquid interface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Dinh Thao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Le Quy Don Technical University
- Hanoi 100000
- Vietnam
| | - Bach Long Giang
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology
- Nguyen Tat Thanh University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
| | - Tran Viet Thu
- Institute of Research and Development
- Duy Tan University
- Da Nang 550000
- Vietnam
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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26
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Colorimetric detection of chromium(VI) using graphene oxide nanoparticles acting as a peroxidase mimetic catalyst and 8-hydroxyquinoline as an inhibitor. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 186:36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Role of Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles used to coat bentonite in zinc(II) ions sequestration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Zare EN, Motahari A, Sillanpää M. Nanoadsorbents based on conducting polymer nanocomposites with main focus on polyaniline and its derivatives for removal of heavy metal ions/dyes: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:173-195. [PMID: 29329014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination by toxic heavy metal ions and dyes remains a serious public health problem for humans, so attention on specific methods and technologies to remove heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewaters/aqueous solutions are desired. Numerous adsorbents have been reported for the removal of heavy metal ions/dyes from wastewaters/aqueous solutions. Polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives, as conducting polymers, are good adsorbents to remove various kinds of heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewaters/aqueous solutions. The nanoadsorbents based on PANI and its derivatives have received much consideration, and are extensively reported in literature. This review focuses on the PANI and its derivatives based on nanoadsorbents for water purification. Various types of these nanoadsorbents used for the removal of heavy metal ions/dyes from wastewaters/aqueous solutions are also briefly compared in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Motahari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom 74147-85318, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli 50130, Finland
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29
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Jiang Y, Liu Z, Zeng G, Liu Y, Shao B, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang W, He Q. Polyaniline-based adsorbents for removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution: a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6158-6174. [PMID: 29307070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a common hazardous contaminant in the environment and carcinogenic or mutagenic to aquatic animals and human beings. Therefore, the removal and detoxification of Cr(VI) have been attracting increasing attention of researchers. Among various conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI)-based adsorbents have shown an excellent performance on the removal of Cr(VI) because of their redox properties, eased synthesis, and favorable biocompatibility. In this review, the characteristics of various PANI-based adsorbents were described, including PANI-modified nanofiber mats and membranes, PANI/bio-adsorbents, PANI/magnetic adsorbents, PANI/carbon adsorbents, PANI-modified clay composites, and PANI-inorganic hybrid composites. The mechanisms for the detoxification and adsorption of Cr(VI) were also discussed. The results indicated the potential applications of PANI-based adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI). Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Yujie Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Binbin Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Qingyun He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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30
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Dinari M, Haghighi A. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of nanocomposites based on aromatic polyamide and modified ZnO nanoparticle for removal of toxic Cr(VI) from water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:75-84. [PMID: 29137801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel nanocomposites (NCs) of aromatic polyamide (PA) and surface modified ZnO nanoparticle with s-triazine heterocyclic ring was introduced for efficient removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (VI) from aqueous solution. The surface of ZnO nanoparticle was modified by s-triazine core silane coupling agent (ZnO-TSC) and PA/ZnO-TSC NCs with different amount of ZnO-TSC nanoparticles (0, 5, 10 and 15wt%) were prepared by ultrasonic irradiation. The synthesized PA/ZnO-TSC NCs were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and TGA methods. TEM images showed that ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed homogeneously in the polymer matrix. The adsorption experiments were carried out in batch mode to optimize various parameters like contact time, pH and concentration of metal ion that influence the adsorption rate. The maximum uptakes of Cr(VI) at pH 4.0 was 72%, 81%, 89% and 91% for pure PA, NC5%, NC10% and NC15%, respectively. The kinetic of adsorption was investigated and the pseudo second-order model is an appropriate model for interpretation of adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dinari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Atefeh Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
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31
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Adsorption and kinetic studies on the removal of chromium and copper onto Chitosan-g-maliec anhydride-g-ethylene dimethacrylate. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1578-1585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Parametric Studies on Descriptive Isotherms for the Uptake of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Lignin-Rich Adsorbent. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Sheikhmohammadi A, Mohseni SM, khodadadi R, Sardar M, Abtahi M, Mahdavi S, Keramati H, Dahaghin Z, Rezaei S, Almasian M, Sarkhosh M, Faraji M, Nazari S. Application of graphene oxide modified with 8-hydroxyquinoline for the adsorption of Cr (VI) from wastewater: Optimization, kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium studies. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Effective removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-functionalized graphene oxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Zhou T, Li C, Jin H, Lian Y, Han W. Effective Adsorption/Reduction of Cr(VI) Oxyanion by Halloysite@Polyaniline Hybrid Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6030-6043. [PMID: 28121121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite@polyaniline (HA@PANI) hybrid nanotubes are synthesized by the in situ chemical polymerization of aniline on halloysite clay nanotubes. By facilely tuning the dopant acid, pH, and apparent weight proportion for aniline (ANI) and halloysite (HA) nanotubes in the synthesis process, PANI with tuned oxidation state, doping extent, and content are in situ growing on halloysite nanotubes. The reaction system's acidity is tuned by dopant acid, such as HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, and H3PO4. The adsorption result shows the fabricated HA@PANI hybrid nanotubes can effectively adsorb Cr(VI) oxyanion and the adsorption ability changes according to the dopant acid, pH, and apparent weight proportion for ANI and HA in the synthesis process. Among them, the HA@PANI fabricated with HCl as dopant acid tuning the pH at 0.5 and 204% apparent weight proportion for ANI and HA (HP/0.5/204%-HCl) shows the highest adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity is in accordance well with the doping extent of PANI in HA@PANI. Furthermore, when HP/0.5/204%-HCl is redoped with HNO3, H2SO4, and H3PO4, the adsorption capacity declines, implying the dopant acid in the process of redoping exhibits a marked effect on Cr(VI) oxyanion adsorption for the HA@PANI hybrid nanotubes. HP/0.5/204%-HCl and HP/0.5/204%-H3PO4 have demonstrated good regenerability with an above 80% removal ratio after four cycles. Moreover, the HA@PANI adsorbent has better sedimentation ability than that of pure PANI. The adsorption behavior is in good agreement with Langmuir and pseudo second-order equations, indicating the adsorption of HA@PANI for Cr(VI) oxyanion is chemical adsorption. FT-IR and XPS of HA@PANI after Cr(VI) oxyanion adsorption indicate that the doped amine/imine groups (-NH+/═N+- groups) are the main adsorption sites for the removal of Cr(VI) oxyanion by electrostatic adsorption and reduction of the adsorbed Cr (VI) oxyanion to Cr(III) simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, China
| | - Huiling Jin
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yangyang Lian
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, China
| | - Wenmei Han
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091, China
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Riahi Samani M, Ebrahimbabaie P, Vafaei Molamahmood H. Hexavalent chromium removal by using synthesis of polyaniline and polyvinyl alcohol. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2305-2313. [PMID: 27858787 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, heavy metals have been proved to be one of the most important contaminants in industrial wastewater. Chromium is one of these heavy metals, which is being utilized in several industries such as textile, finishing and leather industries. Since hexavalent chromium is highly toxic to human health, removal of it from the wastewater is essential for human safety. One of the techniques for removing chromium (VI) is the use of different adsorbents such as polyaniline. In this study, composites of polyaniline (PANi) were synthesized with various amounts of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results showed that PANi/PVA removed around 76% of chromium at a pH of 6.5; the PVA has altered the morphology of the composites and increased the removal efficiency. Additionally, synthesis of 20 mg/L of PVA by PANi composite showed the best removal efficiency, and the optimal stirring time was calculated as 30 minutes. Moreover, the chromium removal efficiency was increased by decreasing the pH, initial chromium concentration and increasing stirring time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Riahi Samani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khominishahr, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Ebrahimbabaie
- Department of Environment and Energy, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Rafiqi FA, Majid K. Synthesis, characterization, luminescence and magnetic properties of composite of polyaniline with nickel bisacetylacetonate complex. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009041603012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Harbottle AM, Hira SM, Josowicz M, Janata J. Lewis Acid Based Sorption of Trace Amounts of RuCl3 by Polyaniline. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8315-8321. [PMID: 27479848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A sorption process of RuCl3 in phosphate buffer by polyaniline (PANI) powder chemically synthesized from phosphoric acid was spectrophotometrically monitored as a function of time. It was determined that the sorption process follows the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and their constants were evaluated. It was determined that chemisorption was the rate-controlling step. By conducting detailed studies, we assigned the chemisorption to Lewis acid based interactions of the sorbent electron pair localized at the benzenoid amine (-NH2) and quinoid imine (═NH) groups, with the sorbate, RuCl3, as the electron acceptor. The stability of the interaction over a period of ∼1 week showed that the presence of the Ru(III) in the PANI matrix reverses its state from emeraldine base to emeraldine salt, resulting in a change of conductivity. The partial electron donor based charge transfer is a slow process as compared to the sorption process involving Brønsted acid doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Harbottle
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Steven M Hira
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Mira Josowicz
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Jiří Janata
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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Radiation-induced graft copolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate onto graphene oxide for Cr(VI) removal. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Gopalakannan V, Viswanathan N. One pot synthesis of metal ion anchored alginate–gelatin binary biocomposite for efficient Cr(VI) removal. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 83:450-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Xu D, Yan S, weng W, Xiao R. Cost effective nanofiber composite membranes for Cr(vi) adsorption with high durability. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PANI/EVOH composite nanofiber membranes were prepared though melt-blending extrusion, high-speed flow deposition and in situ chemical oxidative polymerization for the removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Wei weng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
| | - Ru Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- P. R. China
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Wang K, Qiu G, Cao H, Jin R. Removal of Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Fe₃O₄ Magnetic Polymer Microspheres Functionalized with Amino Groups. MATERIALS 2015; 8:8378-8391. [PMID: 28793717 PMCID: PMC5458844 DOI: 10.3390/ma8125461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic polymer microspheres (MPMs) using glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) as a functional monomer were synthesized in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via dispersion polymerization. After polymerization, the magnetic polymer microbeads were modified with ethylenediamine (EDA). The obtained ethylenediamine-functionalized magnetic microspheres (EDA-MPMs) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Then the EDA-MPMs were applied as adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Langmuir equation was appropriate to describe the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir model were 236.9, 242.1 and 253.2 mg/g at 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively. The Cr(VI) adsorption equilibrium was established within 120 min and the adsorption kinetics was compatibly described by the pseudo-second order equation. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) of the sorption process revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous and was an endothermic process. The regeneration study demonstrated that the EDA-MPMs could be repeatedly utilized with no significant loss of adsorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China.
| | - Guangming Qiu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Huhhot 010051, China.
| | - Hongyu Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China.
| | - Ruifa Jin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China.
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Abu-Zurayk RA, Al Bakain RZ, Hamadneh I, Al-Dujaili AH. Adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by surfactant-modified diatomaceous earth: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic modeling studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Wu Y, Yang S, Zhang M, Aierken A, Wu Y. Abatement of Cr(VI) and As(III) by MnO2 loaded MCM-41 in wastewater treatment. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Dinker MK, Kulkarni PS. Temperature based adsorption studies of Cr(vi) using p-toluidine formaldehyde resin coated silica material. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A PTFR coated silica material was developed, characterised and applied for the treatment of hexavalent chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Dinker
- Energy & Environment Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Defence Institute of Advanced Technology
- Pune-411025
- India
| | - Prashant Shripad Kulkarni
- Energy & Environment Laboratory
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Defence Institute of Advanced Technology
- Pune-411025
- India
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Wang J, Shan X, Shan S, Su H, Wu S, Jia Q. A novel supported salenCrIIICl catalyst for alternating copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide with carbon dioxide. CATAL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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47
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Elci A, Kabakcı E, Elci L. Solid-Phase Extractive Preconcentration of Trace Copper as its Calmagite Anionic Chelate using a Polyaniline Column for Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.956215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Sun X, Yang L, Xing H, Zhao J, Li X, Huang Y, Liu H. High capacity adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using polyethylenimine-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Qiu B, Xu C, Sun D, Wei H, Zhang X, Guo J, Wang Q, Rutman D, Guo Z, Wei S. Polyaniline coating on carbon fiber fabrics for improved hexavalent chromium removal. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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50
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Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan–grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:210-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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