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Tian X, Zhang J, Rigby K, Rivera DJ, Gao G, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Zhai T, Stavitski E, Muhich C, Kim JH, Li Q, Lou J. Tuning Local Atomic Structures in MoS 2 Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310562. [PMID: 38431932 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a substantial surge in the investigation of transition-metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 as a promising electrochemical catalyst. Inspired by denitrification enzymes such as nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase, the electrochemical nitrate reduction catalyzed by MoS2 with varying local atomic structures is reported. It is demonstrated that the hydrothermally synthesized MoS2 containing sulfur vacancies behaves as promising catalysts for electrochemical denitrification. With copper doping at less than 9% atomic ratio, the selectivity of denitrification to dinitrogen in the products can be effectively improved. X-ray absorption characterizations suggest that two sulfur vacancies are associated with one copper dopant in the MoS2 skeleton. DFT calculation confirms that copper dopants replace three adjacent Mo atoms to form a trigonal defect-enriched region, introducing an exposed Mo reaction center that coordinates with Cu atom to increase N2 selectivity. Apart from the higher activity and selectivity, the Cu-doped MoS2 also demonstrates remarkably improved tolerance toward oxygen poisoning at high oxygen concentration. Finally, Cu-doped MoS2 based catalysts exhibit very low specific energy consumption during the electrochemical denitrification process, paving the way for potential scale-up operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Tian
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Kali Rigby
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel J Rivera
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, 300 E Lemon St, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Tianshu Zhai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Eli Stavitski
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Christopher Muhich
- Chemical Engineering Program, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, 300 E Lemon St, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Qilin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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2
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Su JF, Ahmad MS, Kuan WF, Chen CL, Rasheed T. Electrochemical nitrate reduction over bimetallic Pd-Sn nanocatalysts with tunable selectivity toward benign nitrogen. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141182. [PMID: 38211795 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate is recognized as a highly impactful water contaminant among various pollutants in water. To address the ever-growing demand for water purification, this work investigates the bimetallic palladium (Pd) and tin (Sn) catalysts, which are electrochemically deposited on stainless steel mesh support (Pd-Sn/SS) for the selective conversion of harmful nitrate (NO3-) into benign nitrogen (N2) gas. Results indicate that the bimetallic composition in Pd-Sn/SS electrodes substantially influenced the reaction route for nitrate reduction as well as the performance of nitrate transformation and nitrogen selectivity. It is found that the electrode prepared from Pd:Sn = 1:1 (mole ratio) demonstrates an outstanding nitrate conversion of 95%, nitrogen selectivity of 88%, and nitrogen yield of 82%, which outperform many reported values in the literature. The electrochemically synthesized bimetallic electrode proposed herein enables a new insight for promoting the reactivity and selectivity of nitrate reduction in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn Fang Su
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, 23600, Taiwan; Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Sheraz Ahmad
- Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Kuan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City, 23600, Taiwan; Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; College of Environment and Resources, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Lung Chen
- Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan.
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Tian Y, Wang S, Pei L, Zhang K, Zhu S, Xu H, Ye Z. Electrochemical mechanism of synchronous ammonia and nitrate removal based on multi-objective optimization by coupling random forest with genetic algorithm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:166039. [PMID: 37543319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemical system was constructed for the simultaneous elimination of ammonia and nitrate using the prepared Ti foam/SnO2-Sb anode and a Cu foam cathode. The hybrid RF-GA method is proposed as a tool for the analysis and optimization of the simultaneous removal of ammonia and nitrate. The influence of independent variables including NaCl concentration, time, and current densities was studied. Results showed that the random forest (RF) model could successfully predict the behavior of electrochemical systems (R2 = 0.9751, RMSE = 0.4567 for the ammonia prediction model; R2 = 0.9772, RMSE = 0.0436 for the nitrate prediction model). The variable importance measures (VIM) analysis reveals that time has the maximum influence on the degradation rate of ammonia and nitrate. The RF model is used as an objective function for the genetic algorithm (GA) to determine the optimum conditions in combination with the calculated specific energy consumption. Based on the optimization results, the removal rates of ammonia and nitrate reach 94.4 % and 74.7 %, respectively, with a minimum specific energy consumption of 0.181 kwh·g-1. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of the composite pollutants in the Ti foam/SnO2-Sb and Cu foam electrode system is further elucidated. The results indicate that nitrate is reduced to nitrite, ammonia, or nitrogen gas at the cathode, accompanied by the mutual transformation of Cu(0), Cu(I), and Cu(II) on the Cu electrode. Ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen gas or nitrate at the anode. Ultimately, the nitrogen-containing composite pollutant is decomposed and discharged as nitrogen gas by cyclic redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Luowei Pei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kaisheng Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Songming Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Zhangying Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, PR China.
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4
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Lim J, Cullen DA, Stavitski E, Lee SW, Hatzell MC. Atomically Ordered PdCu Electrocatalysts for Selective and Stable Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:4746-4752. [PMID: 37969250 PMCID: PMC10644382 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3 RR) has attracted attention as an emerging approach to mitigate nitrate pollution in groundwater. Here, we report that a highly ordered PdCu alloy-based electrocatalyst exhibits selective (91% N2), stable (480 h), and near complete (94%) removal of nitrate without loss of catalyst. In situ and ex situ XAS provide evidence that structural ordering between Pd and Cu improves long-term catalyst stability during NO3RR. In contrast, we also report that a disordered PdCu alloy-based electrocatalyst exhibits non-selective (44% N2 and 49% NH4+), unstable, and incomplete removal of nitrate. The copper within disordered PdCu alloy is vulnerable to accepting electrons from hydrogenated neighboring Pd atoms. This resulted in copper catalyst losses which were 10× greater than that of the ordered catalyst. The design of stable catalysts is imperative for water treatment because loss of the catalyst adds to the system cost and environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Lim
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - David A. Cullen
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eli Stavitski
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Marta C. Hatzell
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 United States
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5
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Coupling nitrate capture with ammonia production through bifunctional redox-electrodes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:823. [PMID: 36788213 PMCID: PMC9929237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is a ubiquitous aqueous pollutant from agricultural and industrial activities. At the same time, conversion of nitrate to ammonia provides an attractive solution for the coupled environmental and energy challenge underlying the nitrogen cycle, by valorizing a pollutant to a carbon-free energy carrier and essential chemical feedstock. Mass transport limitations are a key obstacle to the efficient conversion of nitrate to ammonia from water streams, due to the dilute concentration of nitrate. Here, we develop bifunctional electrodes that couple a nitrate-selective redox-electrosorbent (polyaniline) with an electrocatalyst (cobalt oxide) for nitrate to ammonium conversion. We demonstrate the synergistic reactive separation of nitrate through solely electrochemical control. Electrochemically-reversible nitrate uptake greater than 70 mg/g can be achieved, with electronic structure calculations and spectroscopic measurements providing insight into the underlying role of hydrogen bonding for nitrate selectivity. Using agricultural tile drainage water containing dilute nitrate (0.27 mM), we demonstrate that the bifunctional electrode can achieve a 8-fold up-concentration of nitrate, a 24-fold enhancement of ammonium production rate (108.1 ug h-1 cm-2), and a >10-fold enhancement in energy efficiency when compared to direct electrocatalysis in the dilute stream. Our study provides a generalized strategy for a fully electrified reaction-separation pathway for modular nitrate remediation and ammonia production.
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Liu F, Zhang Z, Xu J. Electrochemical Mechanisms and Optimization System of Nitrate Removal from Groundwater by Polymetallic Nanoelectrodes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1923. [PMID: 36767289 PMCID: PMC9915225 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zn-Cu-TiO2 polymetallic nanoelectrodes were developed using Ti electrodes as the substrate. The reaction performance and pollutant removal mechanism of the electrodes were studied for different technological conditions by analyzing the electrochemical properties of the electrodes in the electrochemical system, using Ti, TiO2, Cu-TiO2, and Zn-Cu-TiO2 electrodes as cathodes and Pt as the anode. The Tafel curve was used for measuring the corrosion rate of the electrode. The Tafel curve resistance of the Zn-Cu-TiO2 polymetallic nanoelectrode was the smallest, so the Zn-Cu-TiO2 nanoelectrode was the least prone to corrosion. The electrode reaction parameters were determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Zn-Cu-TiO2 polymetallic nanoelectrodes have the lowest peak position and the highest electrochemical activity. The surface area of the electrode was determined by the time-current (CA) method, and it was found that the Zn-Cu-TiO2 polymetallic nanoelectrode had a larger surface area and the highest removal rate of nitrate. The Ti, TiO2, Cu-TiO2, and Zn-Cu-TiO2 electrodes also had higher removal rates for real groundwater, and the differences between the removal rates of nitrates for deionized water and real groundwater decreased as removal time increased. The Zn-Cu-TiO2 polymetallic nanoelectrode exhibited the highest removal rate for real groundwater. This study reveals the reaction mechanism of the cathode reduction of nitrate, which provides the basis for constructing electrochemical reactors and its application in treating nitrate-contaminated groundwater. A mathematical model of optimized working conditions was created by the response surface method, and optimum time, NaCl concentration, and current density were 93.39 min, 0.22 g/L, and 38.34 mA/cm2, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the nitration removal rate and ammonium nitrogen generation in the process solution were 100% and 0.00 mg/L, respectively.
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7
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Bian X, Shi F, Li J, Liang J, Bao C, Zhang H, Jia J, Li K. Highly selective electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to nitrogen in a chloride ion-free system by promoting kinetic mass transfer of intermediate products in a novel Pd-Cu adsorption confined cathode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116405. [PMID: 36352730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mass transfer on the catalyst surface has a great influence on the selectivity of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to nitrogen. In this study, a Pd-Cu adsorption confined nickel foam cathode is designed in the absence of both proton exchange membranes and chloride ions. The repulsion of the cathode enables intermediate products such as nitrite to accumulate in the confined region, resulting in an increase in the possibility of a second-order reaction to form nitrogen. The system can obtain more than 92% continuous N2 selectivity when it is used to treat 200 mg L-1 NO3--N under a current density of 8 mA cm-2, which is not only higher than those of semiconfined and nonconfined systems but also significantly better than the results obtained by Pd-Cu directly modified cathodes prepared by electrodeposition or impregnation. It is found that a high initial nitrate concentration and low current density are more beneficial for the accumulation of intermediates on Pd-Cu catalysts, thus improving the formation of nitrogen. A mechanism study reveals that the intermediates can completely occupy the active sites on the surface of Pd, avoiding the generation of active hydrogen, and therefore inhibiting the first-order reaction to produce ammonia. Moreover, the reducibility of Pd-Cu can also be gradually improved under the function of the cathode so that the system exhibits good stability. This study demonstrates an environmentally friendly and promising method for total nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater with high conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Bian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jingdong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jianxing Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chenyu Bao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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8
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Sun J, Garg S, Xie J, Zhang C, Waite TD. Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate with Simultaneous Ammonia Recovery Using a Flow Cathode Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17298-17309. [PMID: 36394539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of excessive concentrations of nitrate in industrial wastewaters, agricultural runoff, and some groundwaters constitutes a serious issue for both environmental and human health. As a result, there is considerable interest in the possibility of converting nitrate to the valuable product ammonia by electrochemical means. In this work, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel flow cathode system coupled with ammonia stripping for effective nitrate removal and ammonia generation and recovery. A copper-loaded activated carbon slurry (Cu@AC), made by a simple, low-cost wet impregnation method, is used as the flow cathode in this novel electrochemical reactor. Use of a 3 wt % Cu@AC suspension at an applied current density of 20 mA cm-2 resulted in almost complete nitrate removal, with 97% of the nitrate reduced to ammonia and 70% of the ammonia recovered in the acid-receiving chamber. A mathematical kinetic model was developed that satisfactorily describes the kinetics and mechanism of the overall nitrate electroreduction process. Minimal loss of Cu to solution and maintenance of nitrate removal performance over extended use of Cu@AC flow electrode augers well for long-term use of this technology. Overall, this study sheds light on an efficient, low-cost water treatment technology for simultaneous nitrate removal and ammonia generation and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Sun
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Jiangzhou Xie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province214206, P. R. China
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province214206, P. R. China
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9
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Yang S, Wang X, Song Z, Liu C, Li Z, Wang J, Song L. Efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction in neutral medium by Cu/CoP/NF composite cathode coupled with Ir-Ru/Ti anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136132. [PMID: 36002064 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional self-supporting copper/cobalt phosphide/nickel foam (Co/CoP/NF) composite was fabricated and employed as the cathode for electrochemical nitrate removal from surface water with the assistance of a commercial Ir-Ru/Ti anode. The experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of Cu nanoparticles on CoP nanosheets is favorable for the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction. The influences of operating parameters (pH value, current density and initial nitrate concentration) on the nitrate reduction were assessed with the presence of Cl-. At the optimized conditions, the removal of nitrate exhibits an efficiency ca. 100% via the coupling electrochemical reduction and oxidation processes. Moreover, the nitrogen selectivity is found to be as high as 98.8% within 210 min, accompanied with a promising test endurance (>94.0% for total nitrogen (TN) and NO3- removal efficiencies after an electrochemical run of 24.5 h). Importantly, as for the treated actual surface water, the concentration of TN is smaller than 1.5 mg L-1, in accordance with the limit of Ⅳ-level standard of the surface water environmental quality in China (GB 3838-2002). The efficient removal of nitrate can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Cu and CoP microparticles to enhance the reduction activity, as well as the subsequent chloride oxidation for the major intermediate of ammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Zimo Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Zeya Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Laizhou Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
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10
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Teng M, Ye J, Wan C, He G, Chen H. Research Progress on Cu-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Reaction to Ammonia. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingrui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangyu He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Tran R, Wang D, Kingsbury R, Palizhati A, Persson KA, Jain A, Ulissi ZW. Screening of bimetallic electrocatalysts for water purification with machine learning. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0092948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis provides a potential solution to [Formula: see text] pollution in wastewater by converting it to innocuous N2 gas. However, materials with excellent catalytic activity are typically limited to expensive precious metals, hindering their commercial viability. In response to this challenge, we have conducted the most extensive computational search to date for electrocatalysts that can facilitate [Formula: see text] reduction reaction, starting with 59 390 candidate bimetallic alloys from the Materials Project and Automatic-Flow databases. Using a joint machine learning- and computation-based screening strategy, we evaluated our candidates based on corrosion resistance, catalytic activity, N2 selectivity, cost, and the ability to synthesize. We found that only 20 materials will satisfy all criteria in our screening strategy, all of which contain varying amounts of Cu. Our proposed list of candidates is consistent with previous materials investigated in the literature, with the exception of Cu–Co and Cu–Ag based compounds that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Duo Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ryan Kingsbury
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Aini Palizhati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Kristin Aslaug Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Anubhav Jain
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zachary W. Ulissi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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12
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Li S, Zheng S, Zheng X, Bi D, Yang X, Luo X. Optimization of electrolytic system type for industrial reverse osmosis concentrate treatment to achieve effluent quality and energy savings. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Shi J, Gao Y, Liu D, Shen Z, Fan J, Yu Y, Bao M, Li P, Yao R. Preparing porous Cu/Pd electrode on nickel foam using hydrogen bubbles dynamic template for high-efficiency and high-stability removal of nitrate from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57629-57643. [PMID: 35355186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction is a promising technology to remove nitrate from water. The metallic composition and geometry of electrodes usually dominate the nitrate removal property. Based on nickel foam (NF), we prepared Cu/Pd bimetallic electrode using hydrogen bubbles dynamic template according to a two-step electrodeposition method (Pd after Cu). The micromorphology, crystal structure, and metallic composition were analyzed by using the field emission scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) instruments, respectively. 4.4 mg of Cu and 1.4 mg of Pd were detected on the prepared Cu/Pd electrode. The micromorphology of prepared Cu/Pd electrode showed a grape-bunch look with porous structure of two stage sizes (100-500 nm and 200-300 μm). 98% of the initial NO3--N (100 mg/L) was removed under the potential of - 1.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl saturated KCl after 24 h of reaction when using 0.05 mol/L of Na2SO4 or NaCl as electrolyte. But the concentration of produced NH4+-N was higher than 80 mg/L when using Na2SO4 as electrolyte, which was close to 0 mg/L when using NaCl as electrolyte. The cyclic voltammetry curves of 1000 cycles and the long-term continuous flow test of about 200 h suggested that the prepared Cu/Pd electrode showed high stability for nitrate removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Shi
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoru Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Shen
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Fan
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Yu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Bao
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Li
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yao
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, NO. 64 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China
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14
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Tan X, Wang X, Zhou T, Chen T, Liu Y, Ma C, Guo H, Li B. Preparation of three dimensional bimetallic Cu-Ni/NiF electrodes for efficient electrochemical removal of nitrate nitrogen. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133929. [PMID: 35149017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It still remains a hotspot and great challenge to efficiently remove the nitrate nitrogen from high salt wastewater. Herein, a novel three dimensional porous bimetallic copper-nickel alloy electrode was fabricated with Ni foam (NiF) as substrate. The physicochemical and electrochemical characterization results showed Cu-Ni/NiF electrode possessed the smaller particle size (0.3-1.0 μm) and electrode film resistance comparing with Ni/NiF and Cu/NiF electrodes. Besides, higher double layer capacitance (Cdl) for Cu-Ni/NiF electrode indicated more electrochemical active sites could be used in the electrochemical nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) removal. The electrochemical experiments showed the Cu-Ni/NiF electrode had the optimal NO3--N reduction ability and almost 100% NO3--N removal could be achieved with 30 min. All NO3--N removal processes were in accord with the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics completely. The gaseous nitrogen selectivity for Cu-Ni/NiF electrode could reach 80.9% within 300 min. Stability assessment experiments indicated the Cu-Ni/NiF electrode all kept an excellent stability with Na2SO4 or NaCl electrolyte and the Cl- addition could significantly improve the gaseous nitrogen selectivity. Finally, a possible removal mechanism of NO3--N was proposed. This work offered a direction for designing non-noble bimetallic electrodes for nitrate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Tan
- Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemical, Sinopec Corp, National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Dalian, 116045, China.
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemical, Sinopec Corp, National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Dalian, 116045, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemical, Sinopec Corp, National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Dalian, 116045, China
| | - Tianzuo Chen
- Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemical, Sinopec Corp, National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Dalian, 116045, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemical, Sinopec Corp, National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Dalian, 116045, China
| | - Chuanjun Ma
- Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemical, Sinopec Corp, National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Dalian, 116045, China
| | - Hongshan Guo
- Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemical, Sinopec Corp, National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Dalian, 116045, China
| | - Baozhong Li
- Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemical, Sinopec Corp, National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Dalian, 116045, China
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15
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Xu H, Ma Y, Chen J, Zhang WX, Yang J. Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate - a step towards a sustainable nitrogen cycle. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2710-2758. [PMID: 35274646 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00857a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate enrichment, which is mainly caused by the over-utilization of fertilisers and industrial sewage discharge, is a major global engineering challenge because of its negative influence on the environment and human health. To solve this serious problem, many technologies, such as the activated sludge method, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, adsorption, and electrodialysis, have been developed to reduce the nitrate levels in water bodies. However, the applications of these traditional techniques are limited by several drawbacks, such as a long sludge retention time, slow kinetics, and undesirable by-products. From an environmental perspective, the most promising nitrate reduction technology is enabled to convert nitrate into benign N2, and features low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Recently, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction has been proven by satisfactory research achievements to be one of the most promising methods among these technologies. This review provides a comprehensive account of nitrate reduction using electrocatalysis methods. The fundamentals of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction, including the reaction mechanisms, reactor design principles, product detection methods, and performance evaluation methods, have been systematically summarised. A detailed introduction to electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on transition metals, especially noble metals and alloys, Cu-based electrocatalysts, and Fe-based electrocatalysts is provided, as they are essential for the accurate reporting of experimental results. The current challenges and potential opportunities in this field, including the innovation of material design systems, value-added product yields, and challenges for products beyond N2 and large-scale sewage treatment, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Wei-Xian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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16
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Nassar H, Zyoud A, Helal HHS, Kim TW, Hilal HS. Effective and selective electroreduction of aqueous nitrate catalyzed by copper particles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114420. [PMID: 34998066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drinking-water contamination with nitrate ions is inevitable and wide spreading, which demands feasible removal. Water de-nitration by potentiostatic electroreduction is described here. A novel electrocatalyst based on nano-copper particles, supported onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and spray-deposited onto fluorine doped tin oxide-glass substrates, is described. The Cu/MWCNT/FTO electrode has been characterized by several methods and assessed as a working electrode in aqueous nitrate ion electroreduction, in comparison with MWCNT sprayed on FTO (MWCNT/FTO) with no copper. Comparison with earlier reported electrodes is also described. XRD patterns confirm the presence of nano-copper crystallites, in the electrode, with average size ⁓45 nm. Within 2 h of electrolysis, Cu/MWVNT/FTO exhibits more than 65% removal of nitrate at -1.80 V (vs. SCE). In longer time (7 h) the electrode completely converts the nitrate into N2 (∼65%) and (NH4+) ∼35% with no NO2- ions. The kinetics show 0.76 order with respect to nitrate, and a rate constant 4.53 × 10-2 min-1 higher than earlier counterparts. The new electrode functions under various conditions of temperature, pH, electrolyte type and concentration and inter-electrode spacing, only at ambient applied potential. Moreover, the electrode exhibits stability under nitrate electroreduction conditions, and can be recovered and reused for multiple times without efficiency loss. XRD and EDS results also confirm the electrode stability after multiple reuse. Compared to earlier systems, the Cu/MWCNT/FTO is environmentally stable, safe, non-costly with high nitrate removal efficiency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Nassar
- SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ahed Zyoud
- SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Hamza H S Helal
- SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Energy Materials Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
| | - Hikmat S Hilal
- SSERL, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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17
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Process Optimization of Electrochemical Treatment of COD and Total Nitrogen Containing Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020850. [PMID: 35055672 PMCID: PMC8776051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemical method for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN, including ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite) removal from wastewater using a divided electrolysis cell was developed, and its process optimization was investigated. This process could effectively relieve the common issue of NO3-/NO2- over-reduction or NH4+ over-oxidation by combining cathodic NO3-/NO2- reduction with anodic COD/NH4+ oxidation. The activity and selectivity performances toward pollutant removal of the electrode materials were investigated by electrochemical measurements and constant potential electrolysis, suggesting that Ti electrode exhibited the best NO3-/NO2- reduction and N2 production efficiencies. In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the in-situ electrochemical information of pollutants conversion on electrode surfaces and propose their reaction pathways. The effects of main operating parameters (i.e., initial pH value, Cl- concentration, and current density) on the removal efficiencies of COD and TN were studied. Under optimal conditions, COD and TN removal efficiencies from simulated wastewater reached 92.7% and 82.0%, respectively. Additionally, reaction kinetics were investigated to describe the COD and TN removal. Results indicated that COD removal followed pseudo-first-order model; meanwhile, TN removal followed zero-order kinetics with a presence of NH4+ and then followed pseudo-first-order kinetics when NH4+ was completely removed. For actual pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, 79.1% COD and 87.0% TN were removed after 120 min electrolysis; and no NH4+ or NO2- was detected.
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18
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Min B, Gao Q, Yan Z, Han X, Hosmer K, Campbell A, Zhu H. Powering the Remediation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Progress and Perspectives of Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bokki Min
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States,
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States,
| | - Zihao Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States,
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States,
| | - Kait Hosmer
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States,
| | - Alayna Campbell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States,
| | - Huiyuan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States,
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19
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20
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Wang Z, Richards D, Singh N. Recent discoveries in the reaction mechanism of heterogeneous electrocatalytic nitrate reduction. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02025g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We review advances in the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction mechanism and evaluate future efforts. Existing work could be supplemented by controlling reaction conditions and quantifying active sites to determine activity on a per-site basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute
| | - Danielle Richards
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute
| | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute
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21
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Richards D, Young SD, Goldsmith BR, Singh N. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on rhodium sulfide compared to Pt and Rh in the presence of chloride. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01369f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chloride poisoning is a serious problem for the electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrate (NO3−) and improved electrocatalysts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Richards
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Samuel D. Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Bryan R. Goldsmith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Nirala Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
- Catalysis Science and Technology Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
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22
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Characterization and Electrochemical Behaviour of Nanoscale Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds toward the Reduction of Nitrate. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101926. [PMID: 32992443 PMCID: PMC7599484 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this research, nano Cu/Al–HTLCs, Co/Al–HTLCs and Cu/Co/Al–HTLCs were synthesized, characterized, and tested in electrolytic reduction nitrate. Experimental results showed that Cu/Al–HTLCs were less stable than Co/Al–HTLCs due to the Jahn–Teller effect. However, electrocatalytic activity of copper was superior to that of cobalt; thus, Cu/Co/Al–HTLCs were selected based on their stable crystalline structure and electrochemical activity. The optimized Cu2CoAl–HTLC was highly active in nitrate reduction, with two peaks for nitrate and nitrite reduction, respectively. Ammonia, nitrite and N-containing gases were found to be the final products of constant potential electrolysis at −0.54 and −0.74 V.
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23
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Yang M, Wang J, Shuang C, Li A. The improvement on total nitrogen removal in nitrate reduction by using a prepared CuO-Co 3O 4/Ti cathode. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126970. [PMID: 32408128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a CuO-Co3O4/Ti composite was prepared via the coating-calcination method and employed as a cathode for the NO3--N reduction to increase the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN). SEM, EDS, and XRD characterization results indicated that CuO and Co3O4 were successfully introduced to the surface of Ti. The CuO-Co3O4/Ti electrode eventually removed NO3--N with the main products of N2, NH4+-N and NO2--N. In comparison to the Co3O4/Ti electrode, the better hydrogen evolution properties of the CuO-Co3O4/Ti electrode resulted in pH increase and NH3 gas release, so the TN removal for CuO-Co3O4/Ti electrode was improved approximately 20%. The presence of Cl- with the concentration up to 1000 mg L-1 greatly promoted the removal of TN from 40.1% to 94.0%, as a result of NH4+-N oxidation with free chlorine produced from the anode. Furthermore, the CuO-Co3O4/Ti electrode was applied to conduct three types of actual wastewater (biological effluent of municipal wastewater and industrial wastewater, and a regeneration concentrate from an anion exchange process) for nitrate removal. The highest TN removal efficiency (78.5%) and current efficiency (54.5%), and the lowest energy consumption (2 × 10-4 kWh mg-1 TN) were obtained for the regeneration concentrate, suggesting the feasibility of the CuO-Co3O4/Ti electrode to the water with high conductivity and high Cl- concentration for removing TN by the reduction of nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Juntian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chendong Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Quanzhou, 362008, PR China
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24
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Li J, Li M, Song Q, Wang S, Cui X, Liu F, Liu X. Efficient recovery of Cu(II) by LTA-zeolites with hierarchical pores and their resource utilization in electrochemical denitrification: Environmentally friendly design and reutilization of waste in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122554. [PMID: 32240901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution seriously endangers human health and the environment. Here we prepared and tested mesoporous LTA zeolites for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous media and the captured copper was further used for electrochemical nitrate reduction. The prepared hierarchically porous LTA exhibited a high capacity (341.5 mg g-1) for Cu(II) adsorption, following the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models well. The Cu-LTA sample was characterised by various analytical methods, and Cu(I) species were identified as the active sites for nitrate electrochemical reduction. Based on the spectral characterization and reducibility, strong metal-support interaction was found between copper and LTA, which is beneficial to the dispersion of active sites and their contacts with nitrates. In total, 10.1 g-N-NO3 g-1-Cu was reduced over the Cu-LTA-modified cathode in a three-electrode system with high N2 selectivity (92.1 %). Compared to purely microporous zeolites, mesoporous LTA has a higher capacity for Cu(II) removal and nitrate reduction. The mesoporous structure allows easy access to the inner active sites with low diffusion resistance. The low Tafel slope and high current density confirm the high activity of the mesoporous Cu-LTA, making it a promising and efficient material for the removal and reuse of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Li
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Miao Li
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China.
| | - Qinan Song
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Scholl of Environment, Tsinghua University, 30# Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian Distract, Beijing, 100086, China
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25
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Shen Z, Liu D, Peng G, Ma Y, Li J, Shi J, Peng J, Ding L. Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate in water using Cu/Pd modified Ni foam cathode: High nitrate removal efficiency and N2-selectivity. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Han K, Luo J, Feng Y, Lai Q, Bai Y, Tang W, Wang ZL. Wind-Driven Radial-Engine-Shaped Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Absorption and Degradation of NO X. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2751-2759. [PMID: 32057223 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As one of the major air pollutants, NOX is rather challenging to remove. The main treatment method is catalytic reduction with plenty of reducing agents, which lacks any effective control in an open air environment such as urban spaces. It is necessary to seek a self-powered electrochemical process for environmental treatment. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a developing technology with various advantages, is widely used in energy and environmental monitoring and cleaning. In this work, a radial-engine-shaped TENG system with five stacked TENGs is designed to synchronously absorb NOX and degrade its main enrichment forms of nitrate and nitrite in aqueous solution. In addition, the system possesses inherent phase differences and outputs continuous direct current after rectification. Moreover, we demonstrated that, driven by artificial wind at a speed of 6 m/s, the NOX generated by a chemical method was effectively degraded by the radial-engine-shaped TENG system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Feng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Lai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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27
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Beltrame TF, Zoppas FM, Marder L, Marchesini FA, Miró E, Bernardes AM. Use of a two-step process to denitrification of synthetic brines: electroreduction in a dual-chamber cell and catalytic reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1956-1968. [PMID: 31768960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation processes are being currently applied to produce drinking water from water contaminated with nitrate. The overall process generates a brine with high nitrate/nitrite concentration that is usually send back to a conventional wastewater treatment plant. Catalytic processes to nitrate reduction are being studied, but the main goal of achieving a high selectivity to nitrogen production is still a matter of research. In this work, a two-step process was evaluated, aiming to verify the best combination of operational parameters to efficiently reduce nitrate to nitrogen. In the first step, the nitrate was reduced to nitrite by electroreduction, applying a copper electrode and different cell potentials. A second step of the process was carried out by reducing the generated nitrite with a catalytic process by hydrogenation. The results showed that the highest nitrate reduction (89%) occurred when a cell potential of 11 V was applied. In this condition, the nitrite ion was generated with all experimental conditions evaluated. Then, to reduce the nitrite ion formed by catalytic reduction, activated carbon fibers (ACF) and powder γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) were tested as supports for palladium (Pd). With both catalysts, the total nitrite conversion was obtained, being the selectivity to gaseous compounds 94% and 97% for Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/ACF, respectively. Considering the results obtained, a two-stage treatment setup to brine denitrification may be proposed. With electrochemistry, an operating condition was achieved in which ammonium production can be controlled to very low values, but the reduction is predominant to nitrite. With the second step, all nitrite is converted to nitrogen gas and just 3% of ammonium is produced with the most selective catalyst. The main novelty of this work is associated to the use of a two-stage process enabling 89% of nitrate reduction and 100% of nitrite reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Favarini Beltrame
- Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR, UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Miranda Zoppas
- Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR, UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Luciano Marder
- Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR, UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Albana Marchesini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Miró
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (FIQ, UNL-CONICET), Santiago del Estero, 2829, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrea Moura Bernardes
- Laboratório de Corrosão, Proteção e Reciclagem de Materiais (LACOR, UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
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28
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Zhang L, Yin D, Zhai S, Liu Y, Dou C, Chen P, Huang G. Electrochemical behaviors and influence factors of copper and copper alloys cathode for electrocatalytic nitrate removal. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1589-1599. [PMID: 31145823 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic activities of a series of copper alloys, Cu/Ni/Zn (Cu60 Ni15 Zn25 ) and Cu/Zn (Cu62 Zn38 ), toward the reduction of nitrate were investigated, in comparison with that of pure copper. Electrochemical analysis showed that the copper alloy electrode exhibited higher electrochemical reduction rate of nitrate. The extreme difference (R) between the orthogonal experiments revealed that the NO 3 - - N concentration was the main determinant of the removal percentage, followed by the current density and electrolyte concentration, while the impact of the initial pH was minimal. The conditions of the electrolysis experiments with Cu/Ni/Zn and Cu/Zn cathodes were optimized as follows: a current density of 8 mA/cm2 , a NaCl concentration of 2.0 g/L, and an initial pH of 3.0. The nitrate reduction reaction process with copper alloy cathodes was confirmed by electrochemical analysis and electrolysis experiments. Therefore, copper alloyed with Zn and Ni is a feasible option for practical application to the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Alloy of Cu, Zn, and Ni improved electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate was confirmed in the presence of NaCl. The optimized current density with copper alloy cathodes was 6 mA/cm2 . A feasible strategy was provided for the improving nitrate removal and minimizing by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehua Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Yin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyong Zhai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Dou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtuan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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29
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Ye Z, Shen R, Zhou X, Yao J, Wang J. The research of steady-state electrochemical kinetics of effective and selective conversion of total nitrogen to N 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22971-22978. [PMID: 31183756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical conversion of inorganic nitrogen forms (i.e., NO3--N, NO2--N, and NH4+-N) to N2 was studied using Ti as cathode and Ti/PbO2 as anode in the simulated wastewater. According to linear sweep voltammetry, nitric nitrogen was effectively converted to N2 on Ti cathode at the working potential more negative than - 1.1 V (vs. SCE). Ti/PbO2 anode had the working potential of + 0.8 V (vs. SCE) for NH4+-N converted to N2. The apparent rate constants of NO3--N to NO2--N and NO2--N to N2 were 2.46 × 10-2 min-1 and 4.03 × 10-2 min-1, respectively. The kinetic analyses revealed that the reduction of NO3--N was a two-step process, and NO2--N was an unstable intermediate, which could be easily oxidized to NO3--N or reduced to NH4+-N. The majority of NH4+-N could be effectively converted to N2 on Ti/PbO2 anode with the apparent rate constants of 5.12 × 10-2 min-1. The dual-chamber (DC) reactor with circulation was used in the batch electrolysis of simulated and actual wastewater. The results verified the pathways of NH4+-N oxidation and NO3--N reduction and achieved high conversion rate of total nitrogen (TN) to N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ruxue Shen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xule Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jachao Yao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jade Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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30
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Selective removal of nitrate ion using a novel activated carbon composite carbon electrode in capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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31
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Wang L, Wu P, Wang F. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate via Cu/Ni composite cathode paired with Ir-Ru/Ti anode: High efficiency and N2 selectivity. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Jeon TH, Koo MS, Kim H, Choi W. Dual-Functional Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Systems for Energy- and Resource-Recovering Water Treatment. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Min Seok Koo
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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33
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Hou M, Pu Y, Qi WK, Tang Y, Wan P, Yang XJ, Song P, Fisher A. Enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of aqueous nitrate by modified copper catalyst through electrochemical deposition and annealing treatment. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2017.1413357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Pu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-kang Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Pingyu Wan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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34
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Dia O, Drogui P, Buelna G, Dubé R. Strategical approach to prevent ammonia formation during electrocoagulation of landfill leachate obtained from a biofiltration process. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction on well-defined surfaces of tin-modified platinum, palladium and platinum-palladium single crystalline electrodes in acidic and neutral media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Guan W, Tian S, Cao D, Chen Y, Zhao X. Electrooxidation of nickel-ammonia complexes and simultaneous electrodeposition recovery of nickel from practical nickel-electroplating rinse wastewater. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Fan J, Xu H, Lv M, Wang J, Teng W, Ran X, Gou X, Wang X, Sun Y, Yang J. Mesoporous carbon confined palladium–copper alloy composites for high performance nitrogen selective nitrate reduction electrocatalysis. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A mesoporous carbon confined PdCu bimetallic electrocatalyst is fabricated, which delivers a superior nitrate conversion yield and nitrogen selectivity.
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38
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González Pérez O, Bisang J. Removal of nitrate using an activated rotating cylinder electrode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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40
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Ding J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Wei L, Li W, Wang K. The eAND process: enabling simultaneous nitrogen-removal and disinfection for WWTP effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 74:122-131. [PMID: 25725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate potential eutrophication risk caused by nitrogen species in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), nitrogenous compounds failed to be removed during biological wastewater treatment should be further eliminated. In this paper, an electrochemical process for ammonia-oxidation, nitrate-reduction and disinfection (eAND process) of WWTP effluent was developed and its performance for tertiary treatment of synthetic wastewater and actual effluent was evaluated. Results indicated ammonia and nitrate removal efficiencies in actual effluent reached 96% and 36% at 1.23 Ah l(-1), while coliforms were totally inactivated at 0.072 Ah l(-1) under the optimal operation conditions. Ammonia removal due to the anodic indirect oxidation followed a pseudo first kinetic, while the modified model expressed as exponential decay fitted well to the experimental data with the presence of nitrate. The coliforms inactivation was attributed to the in situ generated active chlorine, indicating no extra addition of disinfectant. Nitrate reduction in cathodic area fitted to pseudo first order kinetic with kinetic constants of 0.13-0.54 l A(-1) h(-1). These results clearly showed the potential of this eAND process to serve as a tertiary treatment of WWTP effluent for simultaneous removal of ammonia, nitrate and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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41
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42
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Selective and quantitative nitrate electroreduction to ammonium using a porous copper electrode in an electrochemical flow cell. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Ding J, Zhao QL, Wang K, Hu W, Li W, Li A, Lee DJ. Ammonia Abatement for Low-Salinity Domestic Secondary Effluent with a Hybrid Electrooxidation and Adsorption Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie500826b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE),
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qing-Liang Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE),
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE),
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weiyi Hu
- China Kunlun Contracting and Engineering Corporation, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE),
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE),
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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44
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Ambrosioni B, Barthelemy A, Bejan D, Bunce NJ. Electrochemical reduction of aqueous nitrate ion at tin cathodes. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The remediation of nitrate-contaminated water using electrochemical reduction at a tin cathode has previously been shown to give almost quantitative denitrification (removal of dissolved nitrogen species) under highly cathodic polarization. A particular focus of this project was to identify specific role(s) for tin in the reaction in the context of the previous literature. The current efficiency for denitrification was enhanced in alkaline solution, and the reaction was accelerated by the presence of small concentrations of Sn(II) salts, which are in a dynamic exchange between cathodic deposition and corrosion of the cathode. Literature precedent indicates that Sn(II) salts promote the “dimerization” pathway of NO to hyponitrite in preference to reduction to ammonia. Hyponitrite is a known intermediate in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate, but its spontaneous decomposition gives predominantly N2O, which does not reduce further to N2. We have shown that hyponitrite is reduced electrochemically in competition with its thermal decomposition, which provides a pathway to N2 via the spontaneous dehydration of HO−NH−NH−OH. The possible role of surface-bound Sn−H species in the reduction mechanism is discussed, but further work is needed to substantiate this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Ambrosioni
- Electrochemical Technology Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anthony Barthelemy
- Electrochemical Technology Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dorin Bejan
- Electrochemical Technology Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nigel J. Bunce
- Electrochemical Technology Centre, Chemistry Department, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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45
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Bosko M, Rodrigues M, Ferreira JZ, Miró E, Bernardes A. Nitrate reduction of brines from water desalination plants by membrane electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Calle-Vallejo F, Koper MTM, Bandarenka AS. Tailoring the catalytic activity of electrodes with monolayer amounts of foreign metals. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5210-30. [PMID: 23549635 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, electrocatalysis has attracted significant attention primarily due to the increased interest in the development of new generations of devices for electrochemical energy conversion. This has resulted in a progress in both fundamental understanding of the complex electrocatalytic systems and in the development of efficient synthetic schemes to tailor the surface precisely at the atomic level. One of the viable concepts in electrocatalysis is to optimise the activity through the direct engineering of the properties of the topmost layers of the surface, where the reactions take place, with monolayer and sub-monolayer amounts of metals. This forms (bi)metallic systems where the electronic structure of the active sites is optimised using the interplay between the nature and position of the atoms of solute metals at the surface. In this review, we focus on recent theoretical and experimental achievements in designing efficient (bi)metallic electrocatalysts with selective positioning of foreign atoms to form a variety of active catalytic sites at the electrode surface. We summarize recent results published in the literature and outline challenges for computational and experimental electrocatalysis to engineer active and selective catalysts using atomic layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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47
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Figueiredo MC, Solla-Gullón J, Vidal-Iglesias FJ, Climent V, Feliu JM. Nitrate reduction at Pt(100) single crystals and preferentially oriented nanoparticles in neutral media. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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49
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Le Vot S, Roué L, Bélanger D. Study of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia on platinum in alkaline solution: Effect of electrodeposition potential on the activity of platinum. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Dortsiou M, Katsounaros I, Polatides C, Kyriacou G. Influence of the electrode and the pH on the rate and the product distribution of the electrochemical removal of nitrate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:373-381. [PMID: 23530351 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.696722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the nature of six metal electrodes (Sn, Bi, Pb, Al, Zn, In) on the rate and the distribution of the products of the electrochemical reduction of nitrate was studied. The product distribution depends on the nature of the metal only quantitatively, while the rate of the reduction was found to be about the same on all metals when the electrolysis was performed at the same rational potential (E(r)), which is the difference between the applied potential and the potential of zero charge of each metal. Based on these results it was concluded that the mechanism of nitrate reduction is the same for all cathodes studied. Additionally, the influence of the initial pH on the rate of the reduction of nitrate and the selectivity of the products on a tin cathode was studied. The rate of the reduction increases linearly with the concentration of hydronium ion in the pH range 0-4, whereas it is not dependent on the pH at higher pH values. The main products at pH > 4 were nitrogen, nitrous oxide, ammonia and nitrite, while at pH 0-4 ammonia and hydroxylamine were mainly formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dortsiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece
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