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Yadav P, Petrella A, Todaro F, De Gisi S, Vitone C, Petti R, Notarnicola M. Ex Situ Stabilization/Solidification Approaches of Marine Sediments Using Green Cement Admixtures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3597. [PMID: 39063888 PMCID: PMC11278605 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The routine dredging of waterways produces huge volumes of sediments. Handling contaminated dredged sediments poses significant and diverse challenges around the world. In recent years, novel and sustainable ex situ remediation technologies for contaminated sediments have been developed and applied. This review article focuses on cement-based binders in stabilizing contaminants through the stabilization/solidification (S/S) technique and the utilization of contaminated sediments as a resource. Through S/S techniques, heavy metals can be solidified and stabilized in dense and durable solid matrices, reducing their permeability and restricting their release into the environment. Industrial by-products like red mud (RM), soda residue (SR), pulverized fly ash (PFA), and alkaline granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) can immobilize heavy metal ions such as lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, and chromium by precipitation. However, in a strong alkali environment, certain heavy metal ions might dissolve again. To address this, immobilization in low pH media can be achieved using materials like GGBS, metakaolin (MK), and incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA). Additionally, heavy metals can be also immobilized through the formation of silicate gels and ettringites during pozzolanic reactions by mechanisms such as adsorption, ion exchanges, and encapsulation. It is foreseeable that, in the future, the scientific community will increasingly turn towards multidisciplinary studies on novel materials, also after an evaluation of the effects on long-term heavy metal stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravendra Yadav
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Andrea Petrella
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Francesco Todaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Claudia Vitone
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Rossella Petti
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
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Gong S, Feng S, Wang S, Yu L, Chen Y, Xu Q, Niu Z. Research on strength and microscopic characteristics of lime-activated fly ash-slag solidified sludge under high temperature effect. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305761. [PMID: 38889159 PMCID: PMC11185467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the reaction mechanism of sludge, slag, lime, and fly ash in high temperature environments, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was hereby implemented to study the effect on curing age, curing temperature, slag content and fly ash content about the strength of sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microscopic composition of the substance, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the mineral composition at the micro level to further disclose its reinforcement mechanism. The experimental results demonstrate the difference in the strength measured by different dosage of curing agent, and results indicate that the strength of high temperature curing sample was obviously higher than that of low temperature curing sample. When the curing temperature rises, the pozzolanic reaction and hydration reaction between materials are accelerated, and a certain amount of gel products are produced, playing a precipitation and bonding role between particles. The 28 days and 90 days strengths of the sludge samples with 20% fly ash and 80% slag dosing at 40°C were 1139 KPa and 1194 KPa, which were 1.4 and 1.1 times of that of pure cement solidified sludge. At 60°C, the strength of 14 days, 28 days and 90 days were 802 KPa, 1298 KPa and 1363 KPa, which were 1.1, 1.5 and 1.3 times of that of pure cement solidified sludge. Under the influence of an alkaline environment, the silicon-aluminum grid structure was interconnected into a denser network structure, and the compressive strength of lime-activated fly ash-slag was thus continuously enhanced. Affected by the high temperature, lime-activated fly ash-slag solidified sludge could significantly improve the middle and late strength of the sample. The research showed that the new solidification material can replace partly the concrete curing agent, thereby alleviating the carbon emission and environmental pollution problems arising from cement solidified sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunmei Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbao Feng
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lemei Yu
- Jiangsu Weixin Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Niu
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
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Todaro F, Colangelo F, De Gisi S, Farina I, Ferone C, Labianca C, Petrella A, Cioffi R, Notarnicola M. Recycling of Contaminated Marine Sediment and Industrial By-Products through Combined Stabilization/Solidification and Granulation Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16062399. [PMID: 36984279 PMCID: PMC10054810 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization/solidification (S/S) is becoming increasingly important, as it allows the remediation of contaminated sediments and their recovery into materials for civil engineering. This research proposes a cement-free cold granulation process for manufactured low-cost aggregates from marine sediments contaminated with organic compounds and metals. After the chemo-physical characterization of the study materials, two mix designs were prepared in a rotary plate granulator by adding two industrial by-products as geopolymer precursors, coal fly ash (CFA) and Blast Furnace Slag (BFS), but also alkaline activation solutions, water, and a fluidizer. The results indicated that sediments treated with mix 1 (i.e., with a higher percentage of water and fluidifier) represent the optimal solution in terms of metal leachability. The metal leachability was strictly influenced by aggregates' porosity, density, and microstructure. The technical performance (such as the aggregate impact value > 30%) suggested the use of granules as lightweight aggregates for pavement construction. The results indicated that cold granulation represents a sustainable solution to recycling contaminated marine sediments, CFA, and BFS into lightweight artificial aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Todaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Colangelo
- Department of Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Farina
- Department of Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferone
- Department of Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Labianca
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrea Petrella
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cioffi
- Department of Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Lal A, Fronczyk J. Does Current Knowledge Give a Variety of Possibilities for the Stabilization/Solidification of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals?-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8491. [PMID: 36499986 PMCID: PMC9736232 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization/solidification of contaminated soil is a process that allows simultaneous strengthening of the soil structure, disposal of contamination and recycling of industrial waste, implemented as substitutes for Portland cement or additives to improve the properties of the final product obtained. Extremely intensive development of studies pertaining to the S/S process prompted the authors to systematize the binders used and the corresponding methods of binding the contamination, and to perform an analysis of the effectiveness expressed in geomechanical properties and leachability. The study pays close attention to the types of additives and binders of waste origin, as well as the ecological and economic benefits of their use. The methods of preparing and caring for the specimens were reviewed, in addition to the methods of testing the effectiveness of the S/S process, including the influence of aging factors on long-term properties. The results of the analyses carried out are presented in the form of diagrams and charts, facilitating individual evaluation of the various solutions for the stabilization/solidification of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lal
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, 40 Nadbystrzycka Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Fronczyk
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 166 Nowoursynowska Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Hussain T, Ahmed SR, Lahori AH, Mierzwa-Hersztek M, Vambol V, Khan AA, Rafique L, Wasia S, Shahid MF, Zengqiang Z. In-situ stabilization of potentially toxic elements in two industrial polluted soils ameliorated with rock phosphate-modified biochars. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119733. [PMID: 35820570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining the efficacy of rock phosphate (RP) 3% loaded in a green coconut shell, chicken manure, and vegetable waste to make green coconut-modified biochar (GMB), chicken manure modified-biochar (CMB), and vegetable waste-modified biochar (VMB) in the fixation of Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Sharafi goth and Malir polluted soils. The impact of RP impregnated with organic waste material to produce modified biochars (MBs) on stabilizing PTEs from polluted soils and reducing their uptake by mustard plant has not yet been thoroughly investigated. All modified BCs in 0.5, 1, and 2% doses were used to stabilize Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd in two polluted soils and to reduce their uptake by the mustard plant. The obtained results revealed that the maximum mustard fresh biomass was 17.8% higher with GMB 1% in Sharafi goth polluted soil and 25% higher with VMB 0.5% in Malir polluted soil than in the control treatment. After applying modified BCs, immobilization of Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cd was observed in both soils and it reduced the uptake of these elements by mustard plants. On the other hand, although Zn mobilization increased by 0.38% for CMB 0.5% and by 5.9% for VMB 0.5% in Sharafi goth polluted soil, as well as by 3.15% for GMB 1%, 6.34% for GMB 2%, and 4.78% for VMB 0.5% in Malir polluted soil, this was due to changes in soil pH and OM. It was found that GMB 1%, CMB 0.5%, and VMB 0.5% have the potential to increase Zn uptake by mustard, while VMB 2% can reduce the element uptake by the plant. Redundancy analysis showed that soil chemical parameters were negatively correlated with PTEs in both soils and reduced their uptake by mustard. The present study revealed that MBs can stabilize PTEs in industrial and wastewater soils polluted with multiple metals and reduce their uptake by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Riaz Ahmed
- Department of English, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Altaf Hussain Lahori
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan.
| | - Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Viola Vambol
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Asif Ali Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rafique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Wasia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faizan Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Zengqiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Urbaniak M, Baran A, Mierzejewska E, Kannan K. The evaluation of Hudson River sediment as a growth substrate - Microbial activity, PCB-degradation potential and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155561. [PMID: 35513141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of growth substrates prepared with an admixture of 10% to 75% Hudson River sediments was evaluated by analysis of changes in microbial activity (measured using Biolog Ecoplates) and molecular markers (presence of degradative tceA1 and bphA genes) as well as potential risks toward humans and the environment (health and environmental risk quotients). The highest microbial activity was found in growth substrate with 25% Hudson River sediments compared to unamended control soil. Significant differences were observed between samples amended with lower (0-10%) and higher (25-75%) proportion of sediment. Microbial activity increased with the proportion of sediment amendment (≥25% sediment); however, this increase in microbial activity was not affected by increasing pollutant concentrations (PCBs, Pb, Cr Ni and Zn) nor decreasing TOC content. The growth substrate amended with Hudson River sediments demonstrated a potential for PCB degradation, as evidenced by the presence of tceA1 and bphA genes responsible, respectively, for reductive dehalogenation and oxidation of a range of aromatic organic compounds including PCBs. An assessment of risk quotients showed that the growth substrates containing lower doses of Hudson River sediments (10-50%) meet the international requirements for use in agriculture/horticulture for the production of non-food crops. Nevertheless, due to the elevated content of some toxic metals and PCBs, the growth substrate prepared with the highest proportion of sediments (75%) was not suitable for agricultural/horticultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbaniak
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mierzejewska
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Effect of Consistency Limit on the Strength of Cement-Solidified Dredged Sludge: Modelling and Micro-Mechanism. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of sludge with different consistency limits solidified by cement was investigated. The results showed that under the condition of constant initial water content, a higher liquid index of soil resulted in higher UCS. A novel strength-evaluation model based on the ratio of the liquid index to the cement content was developed, and the prediction deviation of the model was within 30%. The influence mechanism of the consistency limit of sludge on the cement solidification was revealed by scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, X-ray diffractometer and thermogravimetric analysis. For the cement-solidified dredged sludge (CDS) with a lower liquid index, a large amount of hydrate was interlaced with each other and wrapped soil particles, promoting the formation of a dense structure. For the CDS with a higher liquid index, hydrates such as C-S-H and ettringite challenged each other to play the role of “cementing particles” and “filling pores”, resulting in the formation of the porous structure. The mineralogical analyses confirmed that more C-S-H gels and ettringites were generated in the CDS with a lower liquid index, but less calcite was formed due to its denser structure. In engineering applications, reducing the liquid index by adjusting the consistency limit can improve the strength performance of CDS.
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Crocetti P, González-Camejo J, Li K, Foglia A, Eusebi AL, Fatone F. An overview of operations and processes for circular management of dredged sediments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 146:20-35. [PMID: 35545007 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dredging is an essential technique to maintain proper water depths in ports and bays. Many dredged sediments are considered as toxic waste due to their significant amounts of metals and other pollutants. In consequence, they need to be treated to reduce this toxicity and avoid pollutant resuspensions. Physical operations and chemical, thermal and biological processes have been conventionally used to this aim, but the traditional linear sediment approach is often unsustainable and economically and environmentally demanding. Considering the increasing people's awareness in environmental issues, more efficient dredged sediment management schemes are required. Some authors are making significant efforts to improve circularity in sediment management processes by taking advantage of the mineral composition of sediments to obtain products for the building and road construction sectors, therefore decreasing the need of raw materials while reducing the amounts of sediments wasted to landfills. However, information related to the characteristics of these products, their mechanical behaviour and their functionality is still scarce, being sediment-based by-products developed mainly at low Technological Readiness Level (TRL), showing low global impact in the market. To implement circular economy in the dredged sediment sector, some technical and socio-political barriers must be still overcome. To this aim, further research and technological applications must be developed, with the support of decision makers and stakeholders. This review aims at giving an overview of the circular trends applied to toxic dredged sediment management, pointing at current opportunities, barriers and constraints that hinder its wide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Crocetti
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - J González-Camejo
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - K Li
- Xi'an Technological University, Xuefuzhonglu Road, Weiyang District, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - A Foglia
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A L Eusebi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - F Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Comprehensive assessment of harmful heavy metals in contaminated soil in order to score pollution level. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3552. [PMID: 35241759 PMCID: PMC8894455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-related problems have grown up to be a major threat to human society. Scientific evaluation is helpful to understand the status of soil pollution and provide reference to further work. In this situation, Liaoning Province, a typical industrial and agricultural province in Northeast China, was selected as a case study region. It reviewed 200 studies published between 2010 and 2020 and recorded related data of soil heavy metal. It used model method and index method to evaluate the agricultural region. The comprehensive assessment score of Liaoning pollution level was 0.8998. Dalian was 0.9536, ranking first among the 14 cities. Huludao and Jinzhou were 0.7594 respectively, ranked the last. Heavy metal accumulation in different cities stemmed from different sources, including weathering of parent materials, industrial wastes, sewage irrigation, and mining activities. In general, the pollution level of heavy metal in Liaoning was at low risk level, but it still needs to pay attention to the health risk of heavy metal and the input of heavy metal into the soil, especially cadmium (Cd). This study provides a comprehensive assessment of soil heavy metal pollution in Liaoning, while identifying policy recommendations for pollution mitigation and environmental management.
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Zhou Y, Cai G, Cheeseman C, Li J, Poon CS. Sewage sludge ash-incorporated stabilisation/solidification for recycling and remediation of marine sediments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113877. [PMID: 34626945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Finding suitable disposal sites for dredged marine sediments and incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) is a challenge. Stabilisation/solidification (S/S) has become an increasingly popular remediation technology. This study sheds light on the possible beneficial use of ISSA together with traditional binders to stabilise/solidify marine sediments. The performance of the binders on S/S of sediment 1 (clean) and sediment 2 (contaminated) was also compared. The results showed that the use of ISSA as part of the binder was effective in promoting the strength of the sediment with a high initial moisture content due to ISSA porous and high water absorption characteristics. The sediments treated with 10% cement and 20% ISSA attained the highest strength. Also, cement hydration as well as pozzolanic reactions between ISSA and Ca(OH)2 made contributions to the strength development. This was supported by the microstructural analysis, in particular the porosity results. In terms of environmental impacts, two leaching tests (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure) found that all the S/S treated sediment by 10% lime and 20% ISSA resulted in the lowest leachate concentrations under the on-site reuse scenario or under simulative acidic rainfall conditions. Therefore, recycling waste ISSA with lime can be used as an appealing binder to replace cement to stabilise/solidify dredged marine sediments for producing fill materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Guanghua Cai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159, Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
| | - Chris Cheeseman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Jiangshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Chu S, Qu Q, Pan K, Xu Y, Xiao J. A new Fe-C porous filter material from dredged sediment: preparation, characterization, and its application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66303-66312. [PMID: 34331648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new Fe-C porous filter material was prepared with dredged sediment of river as raw material. The orthogonal test L9(34) and component ratio experiment of raw material were conducted to investigate the optimum technological condition. Further, the filter obtained was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the optimal technological condition was sludge: straw: starch: iron powder: foam: iron powder 74.5: 10: 7.5: 3: 5, preheating temperature 280 °C, preheating 15 min, sintering temperature 1080 °C, and sintering 11 min. The BET surface area of the filter was 3.32 m2 g-1, and average pore size was 10.05 nm. Phase composition mainly included SiO2, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and muscovite (KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2). Average effluent concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) of the biofilter system filled with the filter obtained were decreased to 0.08, 3.43, and 3.76 mg L-1, separately, at hydraulic retention time 4 h. Thus, the filter prepared with dredged sediment of rive as raw material is an alternative material for polluted river water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science), Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Keke Pan
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science), Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Yunjie Xu
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Wencheng County, Wenzhou, 325300, China
| | - Jibo Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Labianca C, Chen L, De Gisi S, Notarnicola M, Guo B, Sun J, Ding S, Wang L. Sustainable ex-situ remediation of contaminated sediment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117333. [PMID: 34000670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Routine waterway dredging activities generate huge volumes of dredged sediment. The remediation of dredged contaminated sediment is a worldwide challenge. Novel and sustainable ex-situ remediation technologies for contaminated sediment have been developed and adopted in recent years. In this review paper, the state-of-art ex-situ treatment technologies and resource utilisation methods for contaminated sediment were critically reviewed. By applying different techniques, sediment could been successfully transformed into sustainable construction materials, such as ceramsite, supplementary cementitious materials, fill materials, paving blocks, partition blocks, ready-mixed concrete, and foamed concrete. We highlighted that proper remediation technologies should be cleverly selected and designed according to the physical and chemical characteristics of sediment, without neglecting important aspects, such as cost, safety, environmental impacts, readiness level of the technology and social acceptability. The combination of different assessment methods (e.g., environmental impact assessment, cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis and life cycle assessment) should be employed to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of different sustainable remediation technologies. We call on the scientific community in a multidisciplinary fashion to evaluate the sustainability of various remediation technologies for contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Claudia Labianca
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona N. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona N. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona N. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Binglin Guo
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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13
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Zhao H, Du L, Wu Y, Wu X, Han W. Numerical assessment of the passivator effectiveness for Cd-contaminated soil remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146485. [PMID: 33752011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A highly effective, economical, and reliable remedial technology is imperative for the successful remediation of [1] cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. Although certain Cd passivators have been found to be effective, the methods of assessing their effectiveness are very limited and rarely studied. This study aimed to develop a practical score method for assessing the remedial effectiveness of the Cd passivator. Ultimately, 16 evaluation indexes, 36 weight coefficients, 16 utility functions, and an evaluation system set were obtained. The repair effect of passivator was analysed according to four aspects: metal pollution, soil fertility, passivator cost-effectiveness, and crop profit. The numerical score scale ranged from 0 to 1, with a higher score being indicative of higher remedial effectiveness. There were five repair levels: level 1-5. Level 1 was optimal, and level 5 the poorest. In addition, this study suggested and designed the structure of a passivator database composed of soil information, the remediation effectiveness of the passivator, and the evaluation method. This study provides more comprehensive and insightful information to guide improved soil remediation and soil contamination control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhao
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liyu Du
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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14
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Zhu J, Gao W, Ge L, Zhao W, Zhang G, Niu Y. Immobilization properties and adsorption mechanism of nickel(II) in soil by biochar combined with humic acid-wood vinegar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112159. [PMID: 33799133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) combined with humic acid (HA) and wood vinegar (WV) was designed and prepared as an inexpensive, effective, and environmentally friendly immobilization material (BHW) for metal-polluted soil. The influences of the wood vinegar and humic acid on the immobilization properties and adsorption mechanism of this new material were also investigated. The remediation performance was evaluated using a laboratory-made, nickel-contaminated soil with a Ni2+ concentration of 200 mg per kg surface soil (top 20 cm from agricultural land). The results indicated that the immobilization ratio sequence of nickel (II) in the soil was BC< BH< BHW. The maximum adsorption capacity increased in the same order: BC< BH< BHW. All three adsorption isotherms were better fitted by the Freundlich model, which were consistent with the surface heterogeneity of the remediation materials. The cause of this surface heterogeneous migration may be due to the increase in oxygen-containing groups in the BC introduced by the HA and WV. The WV can increase the number of the oxygen-containing groups in the BC combined with HA, which enhanced the adsorption and immobilization of Ni2+ ions. The results suggested that BHW is recommended for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils, because of its high efficacy, economic feasibility, environmental and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, 710075, China; Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Weichun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, 710075, China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guanghua Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuhua Niu
- Shaanxi Key Research Laboratory of Chemical Additives, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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15
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Ouhadi VR, Yong RN, Deiranlou M. Enhancement of cement-based solidification/stabilization of a lead-contaminated smectite clay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123969. [PMID: 33265010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cement-based solidification/stabilization is commonly used to remediate heavy-metal-contaminated clayey soils. The major problem associated with this method is heavy-metal precipitation, which retards cement hydration. The objectives of this paper are to study the influence of pH-dependent lead solubility patterns on the solidification/stabilization of contaminated smectite and to overcome the problems associated with cement hydration in this process through NaOH treatment. A series of physicochemical experiments were performed on untreated and NaOH-enhanced samples. Contaminated smectite with 5-100 cmol/kg-soil of lead nitrate was solidified/stabilized by 10-50% cement. This research demonstrates that solidification/stabilization is a pH-dependent phenomenon. Enhancement increases the pH of contaminated soil in which lead components transfer to a soluble form. Hereafter, as the results of XRD reveal, a decrease in lead precipitation on cement components is observed. Consequently, a noticeable increase in CSH formation is detected. The capsulation of lead ions by CSH improves the setting-time and unconfined compressive strength of solidified/stabilized samples. Furthermore, the TCLP results show a significant reduction in samples' lead-leaching abilities. Therefore, enhancement has changed the governing retention phenomena from precipitation/stabilization in lead carbonate form to mainly capsulation/solidification by CSH. Moreover, the results show a noticeable reduction in the required cement content.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Ouhadi
- Faculty of Eng., Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; School of Civil Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - R N Yong
- William Scott Professor Emeritus, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - M Deiranlou
- Faculty of Eng., Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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16
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Hossain MU, Wang L, Chen L, Tsang DCW, Ng ST, Poon CS, Mechtcherine V. Evaluating the environmental impacts of stabilization and solidification technologies for managing hazardous wastes through life cycle assessment: A case study of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106139. [PMID: 32980737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proper management of hazardous materials arouses widespread environmental concerns due to its enormous ecological and health impacts. The development of green stabilization/solidification (S/S) technology for resourceful utilization of hazardous materials, as well as the immobilization of potentially toxic elements is of great scientific interests. Cement-based S/S is often considered a low-cost and highly efficient technology, but the environmental sustainability of a broad spectrum of S/S technologies has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, this study assessed the environmental sustainability of S/S technologies for managing two common types of hazardous wastes, i.e., contaminated marine sediment and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MIFA) by using life cycle assessment (LCA). A total of 17 scenarios under three strategies for sediment and two strategies for MIFA S/S technologies were comprehensively evaluated. The LCA results identified the most preferable S/S technology in each strategy. In particular, Scenario 1 (mixture of sediment with a small percentage of ordinary Portland cement and incinerated sewage sludge ash) of Strategy 1 (use as fill materials) would be the preferred option, as it reduces about 54% and 70% global warming potential compared to those of Scenarios 2 and 3, respectively. This is the first initiative for evaluating the environmental impacts of a wide range of recently developed S/S technologies using green/alternative binders for diverting hazardous wastes from disposal. The results can serve as a decision support for the practical application of the environmentally friendly S/S technology for sustainable remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Uzzal Hossain
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - S Thomas Ng
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Viktor Mechtcherine
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Urbaniak M, Baran A, Lee S, Kannan K. Utilization of PCB-contaminated Hudson River sediment by thermal processing and phytoremediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139841. [PMID: 32526423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The need to dispose of dredged sediments and development of appropriate technology for their safe utilization has become a growing problem in recent years. It has been proposed that dredged, fresh sediments can be utilized in agriculture or environment; however there is also growing interest in the use of thermally-treated sediments. Hence, the aim of this study was threefold: 1) to evaluate the effect of two incineration temperatures (300 °C and 600 °C) on the chemical and ecotoxicological properties of sediment; 2) select the appropriate treatment for further phytoremediation experiments with zucchini; and 3) assess the impact of sediment admixture on the physico-chemical parameters of soil, based on the responses of Aliivibrio fischeri and growth of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. cv 'Black Beauty'). A range of chemical (inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry for macro- and trace elements; gas chromatography for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)), ecotoxicological (Microtox assay), and plant morphology (biomass measurement) as well as physiological analyses (spectrophotometry for chlorophyll) were applied. River sediments incinerated at 600 °C resulted in better chemical and ecotoxicological properties than incinerated at 300 °C or no incinerated. Incineration at 600 °C removed PCBs from sediment. In culture experiments conducted with zucchini, sediment treated at 300 °C demonstrated a 51-81% reduction in PCB concentrations compared to untreated sediment. After four weeks of growth, the raw sediment showed a significant increase in K, Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn concentrations, whereas the thermally-processed sediment showed a decrease in Ca, Na, P, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations. Both the fresh and thermally-treated sediment types influenced plant growth positively: they demonstrated higher biomass production than plants grown in control soil; however, plants grown on soil with thermally-processed sediment demonstrated lower biomass than those grown in raw sediment. Chlorophyll content was affected negatively by admixtures of soil with treated or untreated sediment, while a lower chlorophyll a/b ratio was observed in plants grown on an admixture of thermally-treated sediment with soil. Our findings suggest that the use of sediments as a growth medium component may be a promising way for their utilization and transformation from waste material to a valuable resource enhancing the benefits to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbaniak
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; UNESCO Chair of Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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18
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Todaro F, De Gisi S, Notarnicola M. Contaminated marine sediment stabilization/solidification treatment with cement/lime: leaching behaviour investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21407-21415. [PMID: 32274691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among ex situ remediation technologies, stabilization/solidification (S/S) provides for the addition of a binder to dredged materials in order to chemically immobilise the contaminants and improve mechanical behaviour of sediments. The simplest form of treatment is obtained by the addition of Portland cement or lime (calcium oxide), although other additives such as adsorbents may be added. Nevertheless, the success of the S/S treatment may be affected by the contaminants present or by the salt content in the water. In this study, experimental laboratory investigation was carried out on sediments carefully collected from the Mar Piccolo of Taranto in Southern Italy, contaminated by heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); the goal was to explore the effectiveness of S/S treatment by using Portland cement/lime as binders, monitoring over time (28 days) the leaching of the different mixtures of treated sediment. It is noted that the Mar Piccolo of Taranto is one of the sites of national interest subject to remediation by the Italian government. Once taken within the first meter under the sea floor by a team of experienced divers, the samples were stored at a controlled temperature, characterised in terms of grain size and physical-chemical characteristics and treated by S/S laboratory tests. The results indicate that the addition of binders increased the pH of the mixtures with a consequent leachability of different metals. The mobility of the metals appeared to be governed also by the curing time. The performance of the mixtures in terms of immobilised metals was influenced by the presence of organic contaminants (e.g. organic matter, PAHs and PCBs). As a lesson, high organic matter and fine-grained particles can negatively affect the effectiveness of the S/S treatment in terms of metal immobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Todaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n.4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n.4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona n.4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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19
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Urbaniak M, Baran A, Szara M, Mierzejewska E, Lee S, Takazawa M, Kannan K. Evaluation of ecotoxicological and chemical properties of soil amended with Hudson River (New York, USA) sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7388-7397. [PMID: 31884549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential for application of Hudson River sediment as a plant growth medium by mixing with various proportions of soil. The growth medium obtained by the admixture of soil and Hudson River sediment was characterized by optimal pH, reduced salinity, and presence of macro- (K, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn). Apart from beneficial nutrients and organic matter, the riverine sediment also contained toxic metals (Zn 86 mg; Cu 17.8 mg; Ni 16.6 mg; Cr 20.7 mg; Cd 0.46 mg; Pb 20.7 mg/kg, at concentrations below the threshold effect concentration) and PCBs (total concentration 254 ng/g), which can have a negative impact on soil ecosystems. The results ecological risk assessment of six trace elements and PCBs in sediment suggested medium/moderate risk (PECq = 0.21) and the need for ecotoxicological tests prior to its use as a growth medium. However, ecotoxicity tests of the soil/sediment admixture indicated that it was non-toxic or less-toxic to crustacean Heterocypris incongruens (PE = - 8-38%) and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri (PE = - 20-38). For Sinapis alba L. and Lepidium sativum L., the germination index (GI) indicated the dominance of inhibitory effect on plant growth; whereas for the Sorghum saccharatum L., the GI value showed the stimulatory effect. Based on the above physicochemical and ecotoxicological analyses, the sediment was found suitable for use as a growth medium, for non-edible plants. It is worth to underline that this sediment was collected from relatively less contaminated location of the river and therefore the results may not represent sediments from entire stretch of the Hudson River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbaniak
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, USA
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szara
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mierzejewska
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, USA
| | - Mari Takazawa
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, USA
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20
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Palansooriya KN, Shaheen SM, Chen SS, Tsang DCW, Hashimoto Y, Hou D, Bolan NS, Rinklebe J, Ok YS. Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105046. [PMID: 31731004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has led to adverse environmental impacts. In this review, we discussed remediation of PTEs contaminated soils through immobilization techniques using different soil amendments with respect to type of element, soil, and amendment, immobilization efficiency, underlying mechanisms, and field applicability. Soil amendments such as manure, compost, biochar, clay minerals, phosphate compounds, coal fly ash, and liming materials are widely used as immobilizing agents for PTEs. Among these soil amendments, biochar has attracted increased interest over the past few years because of its promising surface properties. Integrated application of appropriate amendments is also recommended to maximize their use efficiency. These amendments can reduce PTE bioavailability in soils through diverse mechanisms such as precipitation, complexation, redox reactions, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction. However, soil properties such as soil pH, and clay, sesquioxides and organic matter content, and processes, such as sorption/desorption and redox processes, are the key factors governing the amendments' efficacy for PTEs immobilization in soils. Selecting proper immobilizing agents can yield cost-effective remediation techniques and fulfill green and sustainable remediation principles. Furthermore, long-term stability of immobilized PTE compounds and the environmental impacts and cost effectiveness of the amendments should be considered before application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumuduni Niroshika Palansooriya
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Season S Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yohey Hashimoto
- Department of Bioapplications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Advanced Technology Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for High Performance Soil, Callaghan, NSW-2308, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Rađenović D, Kerkez Đ, Pilipović DT, Dubovina M, Grba N, Krčmar D, Dalmacija B. Long-term application of stabilization/solidification technique on highly contaminated sediments with environment risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:186-195. [PMID: 31153066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
After dredging of contaminated sediment, additional remediation technique is required before its final disposal. For this purpose, this research was based on the long-term stabilization/solidification (S/S) process of highly contaminated sediment (dominantly by heavy metals) from a European environmental hot spot, the Great Bačka Canal. Due to optimisation of remediation techniques, this sediment is treated with selected immobilization agents: kaolinite, quicklime and Portland cement. The use of pseudo-total metal content (selected priority substances: Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and As) in untreated sediment, determined that sediment urgently requires remediation. Short-term (after 7 and 28 days) and long-term (after 7 years) monitoring were done in order to estimate the concentrations of metals and effect on biota from S/S mixtures during this processes. The environmental risk assessment encompassed the application of several appropriate analytical methods: the pseudo-total metal content, the German standard leaching test - DIN 3841-4 S4 and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure - TCLP test leaching tests and sequential extraction procedure (BCR) on S/S mixtures, testing the aging process and toxicity effects. After simulating real environmental conditions using all tests in all three mixtures, metals do not exceed the prescribed limit values and as such S/S mixtures are classified as non-hazardous waste. Sequential extraction procedure showed that the highest percentage of metals are in the residual phase, bound to silicates and crystalline structure. After 7 years of S/S mixture aging, kaolinite showed the highest binding capacity that was reflected in the content of metals in the residual phase (34.8% of Ni to 77.6% of Cr). DIN and TCLP leaching tests confirmed that the exchangeable phase has a minor effect on the environment. Accordingly, this remediation technology could be well applied for final disposal of this and similar extremely contaminated sediment dominantly with inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Rađenović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Đurđa Kerkez
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Tomašević Pilipović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miloš Dubovina
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nenad Grba
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Krčmar
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Božo Dalmacija
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Dositej Obradovic Square 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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22
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Wang L, Chen L, Cho DW, Tsang DCW, Yang J, Hou D, Baek K, Kua HW, Poon CS. Novel synergy of Si-rich minerals and reactive MgO for stabilisation/solidification of contaminated sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:695-706. [PMID: 30472455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of significant amounts of dredged contaminated sediment poses an economic and environmental problem worldwide. Transforming contaminated sediment into value-added construction materials using low-carbon MgO cement is a sustainable option; however, the weak mechanical strength and unreliable water-solubility of MgO cement restrict its practical engineering applications. This study elucidates the potential role of industrial Si-rich minerals in the performance enhancement of MgO-based products via the promotion of magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H) gel formation. Quantitative X-ray diffraction and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that compositions and crystallinities of the Si-rich minerals significantly influence the formation and polymerisation of the M-S-H gel. Pulverised fly ash was found to be a promising Si-rich mineral for generating polymeric M-S-H gel, whereas incinerated sewage sludge ash samples demonstrated a low degree of polymerisation, and the use of glass powder samples gave a low yield of M-S-H. The formation of M-S-H gel enhanced the compressive strength and water resistance (strength retention after water immersion). Further experiments demonstrated that Si-modified MgO cement can transform dredged sediment into fill materials with satisfactory mechanical properties and contaminant immobilisation. Therefore, the synergy between reactive MgO and Si-rich industrial waste is a novel option for sustainable remediation and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong-Wan Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Harn Wei Kua
- Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Dr., S117566, Singapore
| | - Chi-Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Fang X, Wang L, Poon CS, Baek K, Tsang DCW, Kwok SK. Transforming waterworks sludge into controlled low-strength material: Bench-scale optimization and field test validation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:254-263. [PMID: 30476687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce landfill disposal of waterworks sludge (alum sludge) and incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA), this study proposed an innovative approach for upcycling them into value-added controlled low-strength materials (CLSM). Waterworks sludge interfered with cement hydration reaction and delayed the stiffening time of CLSM (>10 h) due to its high organics content (5%). The addition of triethanolamine (TEA) with a dosage of 0.1 wt% of binder effectively shortened the stiffening time to 4.5 h. The lab-scale results suggested that the optimal CLSM design (6% cement, 14% ISSA, 8% sludge, and 72% recycled fine aggregate at a water/binder ratio of 1.2) complied with the standard requirement of flowability (>200 mm), stiffening time (<5 h), and compressive strength (0.3-2.1 MPa). The pilot-scale field tests further confirmed that the sludge-incorporated CLSM achieved a high flowability (220 mm), short stiffening time (4 h), low compressive strength (1.38 MPa), and easy re-excavatability after 3 months. This study demonstrated that waterworks sludge can be potentially transformed into sustainable construction materials for urban development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Soil Environment Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sui Ki Kwok
- Water Supplies Department, The Government of the Hong Kong SAR, Sha Tin Government Offices, No. 1 Sheung Wo Che Road, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Li JS, Wang L, Cui JL, Poon CS, Beiyuan J, Tsang DCW, Li XD. Effects of low-alkalinity binders on stabilization/solidification of geogenic As-containing soils: Spectroscopic investigation and leaching tests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1486-1494. [PMID: 29727972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The low-alkalinity stabilization/solidification (S/S) treatment of the soil containing high concentrations of geogenic As by physical encapsulation is considered as a proper management before land development; however, the choice of an effective binder and the leaching potential of As remain uncertain. In this study, the influence of S/S binders (cement blended with fuel ash (FA), furnace bottom ash (FBA), or ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)) on the speciation and leaching characteristics of geogenic As was studied. The results of X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the reduced amount of calcium silicate hydrate phase and the decrease in oxidation state of As(V)-O on the surface of Fe(III) oxides/hydroxides in the low-alkalinity S/S treated soils. This might be due to the binder incorporation and change in pH conditions, which slightly affected the As-Fe interaction and increased the non-specifically sorbed species of As. Therefore, the S/S treatment increased the leachability and bioaccessibility of geogenic As to varying degree but decreased the phyto-extractable As. The S/S treatment by cement incorporating 25% of class C fly ash (O4C1) could achieve comparable or better performance, while reducing the risk assessment code (RAC) to a greater extent compared to that of using cement only. This study illustrates the effectiveness and limitations of low-alkalinity binders (e.g., O4C1) for geogenic As immobilization and encapsulation, which provides a new insight for determining the appropriate S/S binder in soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Shan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-Li Cui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jingzi Beiyuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Wang L, Chen L, Tsang DCW, Li JS, Yeung TLY, Ding S, Poon CS. Green remediation of contaminated sediment by stabilization/solidification with industrial by-products and CO 2 utilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1321-1327. [PMID: 29727956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Navigational dredging is an excavation of marine/freshwater sediment to maintain channels of sufficient depth for shipping safety. Due to historical inputs of anthropogenic contaminants, sediments are often contaminated by metals/metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other contaminants. Its disposal can present significant environmental and financial burdens. This study developed a novel and green remediation method for contaminated sediment using stabilization/solidification with calcium-rich/low-calcium industrial by-products and CO2 utilization. The hydration products were evaluated by quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The incorporation of calcium carbide residue (CCR) facilitated hydration reaction and provided relatively high 7-d strength. In contrast, the addition of Class-F pulverized fly ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) was beneficial to the 28-d strength development due to supplementary pozzolanic and hydration reactions. The employment of 1-d CO2 curing was found to promote strength development (98%) and carbon sequestration (4.3wt%), while additional 7-d air curing facilitated cement rehydration and further carbonation in the sediment blocks. The leachability tests indicated that all studied binders, especially CCR binder, effectively immobilized contaminants in the sediments. The calcium-rich CCR and GGBS were regarded as promising candidates for augmenting the efficacy of CO2 curing, whereas GGBS samples could be applicable as eco-paving blocks in view of their superior 28-d strength. This study presents a new and sustainable way to transform contaminated sediment into value-added materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiang-Shan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiffany L Y Yeung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Gang Y, Won EJ, Ra K, Choi JY, Lee KW, Kim K. Environmental assessment of contaminated marine sediments treated with solidification agents: Directions for improving environmental assessment guidelines. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 139:193-200. [PMID: 29804787 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of dredged materials is a critical issue, since management and disposal of these products requires considerable investment of monetary resources, time, and space. The high concentration of pollutants in dredged materials, along with high water content and many fine particles make recycling these materials particularly difficult. In order to solve this problem, solidification/stabilization has been considered as a potentially viable solution for recycling dredged marine sediments. However, there are currently no guidelines that address potential biological and environmental impacts. To evaluate the stability of treated materials and their biological impacts, dredged marine sediments, which were polluted with heavy metals, were treated by solidification/stabilization using two different solidifying agents. To assess potential impacts, toxicity characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP, USEPA) and a bioassay (with the rotifer, Brachionus sp.) were performed with treated materials. In a TCLP test, we found that treatment with a solidification agent decreased the leaching concentration of heavy metals from sediment compared to the control. The rotifer bioassay showed no change in the survival rate during 24 h of exposure to both agents. However, survival differed between the two agents after 48 h of exposure. Screening physiological status using gene expression, showed that oxidative stress genes were significantly altered. These results suggest that more studies are needed to provide guidelines for deciding the usability of treated materials created by the solidification or stabilization of dredged materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Gang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kongtae Ra
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungrean Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Wang YS, Dai JG, Wang L, Tsang DCW, Poon CS. Influence of lead on stabilization/solidification by ordinary Portland cement and magnesium phosphate cement. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:90-96. [PMID: 28985540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic binder-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) of Pb-contaminated soil is a commonly used remediation approach. This paper investigates the influences of soluble Pb species on the hydration process of two types of inorganic binders: ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). The environmental leachability, compressive strength, and setting time of the cement products are assessed as the primary performance indicators. The mechanisms of Pb involved in the hydration process are analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydration heat evolution, and thermogravimetric analyses. Results show that the presence of Pb imposes adverse impact on the compressive strength (decreased by 30.4%) and the final setting time (prolonged by 334.7%) of OPC, but it exerts much less influence on those of MKPC. The reduced strength and delayed setting are attributed to the retarded hydration reaction rate of OPC during the induction period. These results suggest that the OPC-based S/S of soluble Pb mainly depends on physical encapsulation by calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) gels. In contrast, in case of MKPC-based S/S process, chemical stabilization with residual phosphate (pyromorphite and lead phosphate precipitation) and physical fixation of cementitious struvite-K are the major mechanisms. Therefore, MKPC is a more efficient and chemically stable inorganic binder for the Pb S/S process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shuai Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Wang L, Yu IKM, Tsang DCW, Li S, Poon CS. Mixture Design and Reaction Sequence for Recycling Construction Wood Waste into Rapid-Shaping Magnesia–Phosphate Cement Particleboard. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Iris K. M. Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel C. W. Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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29
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CO 2 curing and fibre reinforcement for green recycling of contaminated wood into high-performance cement-bonded particleboards. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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