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Lahori AH, Ahmed SR, Mierzwa-Hersztek M, Afzal M, Afzal A, Bano S, Muhammad MT, Aqsa A, Vambol V, Vambol S. Comparative role of charcoal, biochar, hydrochar and modified biochar on bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s and machine learning regression analysis in alkaline polluted soil. Sci Total Environ 2024; 930:172810. [PMID: 38679082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Pot experiment was performed aimed to assess the comparative role of charcoal, biochar, hydrochar and thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 1 and 2 % doses, and <1 mm particle size on the bioavailability of Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Cu and Zn, and enhance NPK, and mustard growth in a slightly alkaline polluted soil. Furthermore, machine learning method was used to examine the systematic evaluation of the impact of feature selection based on Pearson's correlation on the performance of the linear regression model. The results revealed that maximum fresh and dry biomass of mustard was observed by 26.38 and 38.18 % with hydrochar 1 %, whereas lemon biochar at 2 % reduced fresh and dry biomass up to 34.0 and 53.0 % than control. The immobilization of Cd and Pb was observed by 83.70 and 71.15 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 2 %, As 71.62 % with hydrochar 2 %, Ni 80.84 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar 2 %, Cu 66.32 % with and Zn 36.30 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 2 % than control. However, the maximum mobilization of Cu in soil was observed by 30.3 % with lemon biochar 2 %, similarly for Zn 37.36 % with hydrochar 2 % as compared with other treatments. The phyto-availability of Cd, Pb, As and Cu in the mustard shoot and root biomass was reduced except Ni and Zn in soil than control. It was observed that using the machine learning regression analysis approach, variability in treatments effectiveness is evident across different feature correlation thresholds. This study clearly shows that the beneficial role of studied amendments on mustard growth and reduced bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s and enhance primary macronutrients in alkaline polluted soil. It is suggested that future studies may be conducted on combined application of studies amendments on plant growth, immobilization of heavy metal(loid)s in multi-metal polluted soil under different field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Hussain Lahori
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan.
| | - Samreen Riaz Ahmed
- Department of English, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Madiha Afzal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Afzal
- National Institute of Maritime Affairs, Bahria University Karachi Campus, 75260, Pakistan
| | - Shella Bano
- Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Aqsa Aqsa
- Department of Computer Science, Sindh Madressatul Islam University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Viola Vambol
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Sergij Vambol
- Department of "Labour & Environment Protection", National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Hasan SK, Nahar A, Ahmed SR, Sayeed SJ, Hasnat S, Rashid KY, Diba F, Hasan MM, Chowdhury RA. Wound Infection in Surgical Ward of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City: The Identification of Organisms and Their Sensitivity Pattern. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:125-132. [PMID: 38163783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Wound infection is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the organisms and their sensitivity pattern from wound infection patients attending in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a total of 240 aseptically collected wound swab samples from wound infection suspected patients visiting Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were analyzed from July 2017 to June 2019. Bacteriological culture of the samples, colony morphology, Gram's staining, and biochemical tests were done following standard microbiological techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines. Out of 240 wound swab samples from suspected patients of wound infection, 126(52.5%) showed bacterial growth whereas 114(47.5%) were culture negative. No sample yielded more than one organism. Among 126 culture positive cases 75(59.52%) were male and 51(40.48%) were female. The higher rate of bacterial infections 26.19% was noted in the age group of 21-30 years, followed by the age group of 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years. Among 126 culture positive cases, 74.6% were Gram negative and 25.4% were Gram positive bacteria. Out of total 126 isolates, E. coli was the most prevalent pathogen 31(24.60%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 29(23.01%); Pseudomonas 27(21.43%); Klebsiella 18(14.29%); Enterobacter 12(9.52%); Acinetobacter 4(3.17%), while Coagulase negative Staphylococcus 3(2.38%) and Proteus 2(1.59%) were least detected isolates in wound swab. Highly effective antibiotics against Staph aureus were vancomycin 100.0%; imipenem 100.0%; linezolid 100.0% and meropenem 89.65%. Amikacin; gentamicin; netilmicin; imipenem and meropenem showed higher sensitivity in E coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter species. Colistin was 88.88% effective against Pseudominas spp. followed by imipenem 81.48%, piperacillin-tazobactam 77.78%, meropenem 70.37% and amikacin 51.85%. Acinetobacter spp. showed 75.0% and 50.0% sensitivity to netilmicin and colistin respectively. Injectable and reserve drugs were sensitive to bacterial populations among patients of wound infections in our hospital. It is a wake-up call for clinician to treat wound infections. To prevent the increase resistance to antibiotics, it is necessary to avoid the administration of uncontrolled and unnecessary antibiotics available.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hasan
- Dr Syed Khalid Hasan, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Bangladesh Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Hanh TT, Pham MP, Nga NTT, Ahmed SR, Lahori AH, Borodina N. Application of MCE-AHP technical for modelling paddy zoning: A case study in Vietnam. EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.12775/eq.2023.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of present study was to determine the most suitable land for paddy via AHP - GIS and Remote Sensing. Ba Thuoc district - Thanh Hoa province was selected as the target area to conduct the experimental set-up. As per opinion of scientists and the guidance of World Food Organization (FAO) on agricultural crops, the criteria selected to estimate the ecological adaptation of crops include soil type, soil texture, soil depth, soil pH, N (%), elevation, slope, distance from rivers, yearly precipitation, low-average and high temperature, average sunny hours, saltwater intrusion. The land suitability map was generated by superimposing the component maps considering the weighting of the criteria. The obtained results showed that in the experimental area nearly 8.26% of the land-use region was very appropriate for rice growing, 26.29% was observed medium appropriate, 43.35% was less appropriate and 22.1% was not fit for paddy cultivation. Overall, the data may be of value for country government, policy makers, managers as well as local authorities to induce local farmers for paddy production on most suitable areas
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Hussain T, Ahmed SR, Lahori AH, Mierzwa-Hersztek M, Vambol V, Khan AA, Rafique L, Wasia S, Shahid MF, Zengqiang Z. In-situ stabilization of potentially toxic elements in two industrial polluted soils ameliorated with rock phosphate-modified biochars. Environ Pollut 2022; 309:119733. [PMID: 35820570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining the efficacy of rock phosphate (RP) 3% loaded in a green coconut shell, chicken manure, and vegetable waste to make green coconut-modified biochar (GMB), chicken manure modified-biochar (CMB), and vegetable waste-modified biochar (VMB) in the fixation of Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Sharafi goth and Malir polluted soils. The impact of RP impregnated with organic waste material to produce modified biochars (MBs) on stabilizing PTEs from polluted soils and reducing their uptake by mustard plant has not yet been thoroughly investigated. All modified BCs in 0.5, 1, and 2% doses were used to stabilize Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd in two polluted soils and to reduce their uptake by the mustard plant. The obtained results revealed that the maximum mustard fresh biomass was 17.8% higher with GMB 1% in Sharafi goth polluted soil and 25% higher with VMB 0.5% in Malir polluted soil than in the control treatment. After applying modified BCs, immobilization of Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cd was observed in both soils and it reduced the uptake of these elements by mustard plants. On the other hand, although Zn mobilization increased by 0.38% for CMB 0.5% and by 5.9% for VMB 0.5% in Sharafi goth polluted soil, as well as by 3.15% for GMB 1%, 6.34% for GMB 2%, and 4.78% for VMB 0.5% in Malir polluted soil, this was due to changes in soil pH and OM. It was found that GMB 1%, CMB 0.5%, and VMB 0.5% have the potential to increase Zn uptake by mustard, while VMB 2% can reduce the element uptake by the plant. Redundancy analysis showed that soil chemical parameters were negatively correlated with PTEs in both soils and reduced their uptake by mustard. The present study revealed that MBs can stabilize PTEs in industrial and wastewater soils polluted with multiple metals and reduce their uptake by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Riaz Ahmed
- Department of English, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Altaf Hussain Lahori
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan.
| | - Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Viola Vambol
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Sciences, National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Asif Ali Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rafique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Wasia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faizan Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sindh Madressatul Islam University, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Zengqiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Bahadur DS, Ahmed SR, Lahori AH, Hussain T, Alvi SK, Shafique S, Fatima S, Vambol V, Mierzwa-Hersztek M, Hinduja P, Vambol S, Zhang Z. Novel Fuller Earth, Rock Phosphate, and Biochar for Phytomanagement of Toxic Metals in Polluted Soils. Agriculture 2022; 12:1216. [DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of individual and combined effects of novel fuller earth, rock phosphate, and biochar (grapefruit peel) at 1% dosage on maize plant growth, soil chemical properties anduptake of toxic metals (TMs), such as Cu, Zn, Fe, and Cd, by maize plant sown in Korangi (district of Karachi, Pakistan) heavily polluted and Korangi less polluted (K-HP and K-LP) soils. The obtained results indicate that the dry biomass of maize crop increased by 14.13% with combined (FE1% + GBC1%) on K-HP soil and 18.24% with combined (FE 1% + GBC 1%) effects on K-LP soil. The maximum immobilization of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Cd was observed by 36% with GBC1%, 11.90% with FE1%, 98.97% with combined RP1% + GBC1%, 51.9% with FE1% + GBC1% for K-HP, 11.90% with FE1%, 28.6% with FE1%, 22.22% with RP1% + GBC1%, and 57.05% with FE 1% + GBC 1% for K-LP soil. After the addition of proposed substances, modification of soil OM, SOC, TOC, and pH level appeared this lead to the changes in the phyto-availability of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Cd in maize plant. It was concluded that the application of individual and combined effects of novel fuller earth, rock phosphate, and biochar (grapefruit peel) have potential to stabilize pollutants from multi-metal polluted soils for safe crop production.
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Jatoi MT, Ahmed SR, Lahori AH, Sydorenko V, Afzal A, Kandhro MN, Janveri SH, Jatio HB, Jatoi ZA, Panhwar SA, Pruskyi A. Allelopathic effects of sunflower water extract integrated with affinity herbicide on weed control and wheat yield. EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.12775/eq.2022.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate the allelopathic impact of sunflower water extract integrated with affinity herbicide on weed management and production of wheat variety TD-1 under field condition. The trial was carried out in a three replicated and the average plot size was kept at 3x5m (15 m2). The obtained data showed that the all the treatments considerably (P<0.05) minimized weed density, weed fresh weight, weed dry weight and weed control up to 90.33, 89.31, 89.61, 90.33% with application of sunflower water extract (1:10) @ 20 L ha-1 (One spray at 25 DAS) + Affinity 50 WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 (One spray at 25 DAS) than control treatment. The application of sunflower water extract (1:10) @ 20 L ha-1 (One spray at 25 DAS) + Affinity 50 WP @ 0.75 kg ha-1 (One spray at 25 DAS) significantly increased number of tillers (32.34%), plant height (14.59%), spike length (27.89%), grains spike-1 (16.80%), grain weight plant-1 (47%), seed index (19.60%) and grain yield (51%) of wheat as compared with control. Overall results indicated that the sunflower water extract integrated with herbicide can be successfully used to control the narrow and broad leaves in wheat crop.
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Irshad A, Sharma BD, Ahmed SR, Talukder S, Malav OP, Kumar A. Effect of incorporation of calcium lactate on physico-chemical, textural, and sensory properties of restructured buffalo meat loaves. Vet World 2016; 9:151-9. [PMID: 27051201 PMCID: PMC4819365 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.151-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to develop a functional meat product by fortifying calcium (in the form of calcium lactate) with restructured buffalo meat loaf (RBML). MATERIALS AND METHODS Deboned buffalo meat obtained from the carcass of adult female buffalo within 5-6 h of slaughter and stored under frozen condition. Calcium fortified RBML were prepared by replacing the lean buffalo meat with calcium lactate powder at 0%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5% level through the pre-standardized procedure. The developed products were evaluated for physico-chemical properties, proximate composition, calcium concentration (mg/100 g), water activity (aw), Lovibond(®) tintometer color units, texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory qualities as per-standard procedures. RESULTS Of the various product quality parameters evaluated, cooking yield (%), product pH, moisture (%), protein (%), fat (%), and water activity (aw) decreases significantly with increasing level of calcium lactate. Calcium content of fortified functional RBMLs was 135.02, 165.73, and 203.85 mg/100 g as compared to 6.48 mg/100 g in control. Most of the sensory scores at 1% and 1.25% levels of calcium lactate in treatment products remained comparable among themselves and control product, with a gradual decline. CONCLUSIONS The present study concluded that 1.25% calcium lactate was the optimum level for the fortification of calcium in RBML without affecting the textural and sensory properties which could meet out 15% of recommended dietary allowance for calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Irshad
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur - 680 651, Kerala, India
| | - B D Sharma
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S R Ahmed
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Talukder
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - O P Malav
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ahmed SR, Johansson BL, Karlsson MG, Souza DSR, Dashwood MR, Loesch A. Human saphenous vein and coronary bypass surgery: ultrastructural aspects of conventional and "no-touch" vein graft preparations. Histol Histopathol 2004; 19:421-33. [PMID: 15024703 DOI: 10.14670/hh-19.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is routinely used to restore blood flow to diseased cardiac muscle due to coronary artery disease. The patency of conventional grafts decreases with time, which is due to thrombosis and formation of neointima. A primary cause of graft failure is the mechanical damage inflicted to the graft during harvesting, including removal of surrounding tissue accompanied by high pressure saline distension to overcome vasospasm (both causing considerable mechanical trauma). The aim of this study was to compare the ultrastructural features of human saphenous vein (SV) grafts harvested conventionally and grafts prepared using an atraumatic 'no-touch' harvesting technique introduced by Souza (1996). The results of this study showed a better preservation of the lumenal endothelium and medial vascular smooth muscle (SM) in 'no-touch' versus conventional grafts. A 'fast' (within 30 min) response of SM cells to conventional harvesting was noted where features of both SM cell division and apoptosis were observed. It is concluded that the 'preserved' nature of the 'no-touch' aortocoronary SV grafts renders them less susceptible to thrombotic and atherosclerotic factors than grafts harvested conventionally. These features are suggested to contribute to the improved early patency rate described using the no-touch technique of SV harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Centre for Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Ahmed SR. Persecution: the Vietnamese paradigm. J Asiat Soc Bangladesh Humanit 2001; 46:373-386. [PMID: 20039486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Abstract
This paper reports a new finding in two siblings with primary hypomagnesaemia as a result of renal magnesium wasting, namely, rapidly increasing head size. External hydrocephalus and brain shrinkage in primary hypomagnesaemia seen on computed tomography of the brain with reversibility after magnesium treatment has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bhasker
- Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital, PO Box 1331, CPO SEEB, Postcode 111, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Ahmed SR, Aiello DP, Page R, Hopper K, Towfighi J, Santen RJ. Necrotizing infundibulo-hypophysitis: a unique syndrome of diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76:1499-504. [PMID: 8501157 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.76.6.8501157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Clinical, radiological, histological, and anatomical features in 2 patients with necrotizing infundibulo-hypophysitis are reported. The patients presented with a combination of diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism. Each was found to have a sellar mass lesion with an abnormally thickened enlarged pituitary stalk that intensively enhanced on contrast magnetic resonance imaging. They were suspected to have pituitary tumors with suprasellar extension. However, tissue obtained at transphenoidal surgery revealed necrosis, fibrosis, and chronic inflammation; there was no evidence of infiltrative, infective, or neoplastic disease processes. Postoperatively, they continued to have diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism despite radiological improvement and steroid therapy. Several clinical and anatomical features distinguish these 2 cases from classical lymphocytic hypophysitis, the most common entity in the differential diagnosis. Specifically, diabetes insipidus has not been observed preoperatively in 30 cases of lymphocytic hypophysitis, but was present in the 2 cases reported. Histological evidence of tissue necrosis present in these 2 cases is not a feature of lymphocytic hypophysitis. Pituitary stalk involvement on magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic scan present in these 2 cases is highly unusual in lymphocytic hypophysitis. Finally, 29 of 30 cases of lymphocytic hypophysitis were females, whereas the 2 cases reported are men. On the basis of these disparate findings, we suggest that these 2 cases represent a unique syndrome, which may be recognized clinically and radiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
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Ahmed SR, Wolfe SM, Lurie P. Fluid losses with diarrhea. Am Pharm 1993; NS33:5-6. [PMID: 8456747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ahmed SR, Badger B, Wright C, Manni A. Role of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in basal and hormone-stimulated growth by estradiol, prolactin and progesterone in human and rat mammary tumor cells: studies using TGF-alpha and EGF receptor antibodies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1991; 38:687-93. [PMID: 2064983 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90079-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The biological role of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in basal and hormone-stimulated proliferation of primary human and rat mammary tumor cells was studied using antibodies against TGF-alpha and its receptor. A monoclonal antibody, MAb-425 against human EGF receptor was added to in vitro soft agar, clonogenic cultures of human breast carcinoma cells under basal and estradiol(E2)-stimulated conditions. The antibody had an antagonist effect on colony growth in 4 of 10 tumors and an agonist effect in 4 (72 and 153% of control). E2-stimulated colony growth in 5 tumors (167% of control) and the antibody blocked E2-stimulation in 3 of the 5. Inhibition of E2-stimulated growth in 3 and basal growth in 4 other tumors by the EGF receptor antibody suggest that endogenously secreted TGF-alpha has a role as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in constitutive and E2-stimulated tumor cell proliferation in a majority of human tumors. A polyclonal antibody against TGF-alpha was used to study the role of TGF-alpha in E2-, prolactin(Prl)- and progesterone(Prog)-stimulated proliferation of NMU(nitrosomethylurea)-induced rat mammary tumor cells under similar culture conditions. TGF-alpha, E2, Prl and Prog stimulated colony growth equally to 176, 187, 168 and 181% of control. The antibody produced significant and similar inhibition of TGF-alpha and E2-stimulated growth (95 and 83%). In contrast, inhibition of Prl- and Prog-stimulated growth by the antibody was only 24 and 37%. The TGF-alpha ligand antibody did not have an agonist or antagonist effect when added alone. Thus, TGF-alpha seems to be a major stimulatory growth factor mediating E2-induced tumor cell proliferation in rat mammary tumors. It is less important in Prl- and Prog-induced tumor growth and not essential for basal growth in these tumors. We conclude that TGF-alpha is a biologically important autocrine/paracrine growth factor in primary human breast cancer cell proliferation and in E2-induced rat mammary tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey 17033
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Abstract
Twenty-four patients (three male) with Cushing's disease, aged between 11 and 67 years, were treated with low-dose external pituitary irradiation (20 Gy in eight fractions over 10-12 days) and followed for between 13 and 171 months (median 93 months). Eleven patients (46%) went into remission 4-36 months after irradiation, but five subsequently relapsed. Two of these received no further active treatment, one underwent successful pituitary surgery, one underwent a second course of low-dose external irradiation (as yet unsuccessful) and one has been treated with metyrapone for a total of 75 months. One of the 13 patients who did not respond received a further course of low-dose pituitary irradiation with prompt remission and two have received metyrapone for 41 months and 15 years without ill effect. One patient died from cerebrovascular disease. The remaining nine patients underwent bilateral adrenalectomy (one after unsuccessful pituitary surgery) with rapid resolution of hypercortisolism. Five of these patients have developed hyperpigmentation and elevated ACTH levels (range 505-1150 ng/l). A pituitary microadenoma has been demonstrated on CT scan in three and successfully removed by microadenomectomy. In the present series, the low incidence of radiation-induced hypopituitarism and absence of other complications attributable to radiotherapy suggest that low-dose pituitary irradiation may be a useful treatment option in selected patients. However, long-term follow-up has demonstrated a high relapse rate and failure to prevent Nelson's syndrome in adrenalectomized patients, indicating that it should not be used as primary treatment in preference to selective adenomectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Littley
- Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital, Withington, Manchester, UK
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Ahmed SR, Manni A, Gray G, Hammond JM. Characterization and hormonal regulation of radioimmunoassayable IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) like activity and IGF-binding proteins secreted by human breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res 1990; 10:1217-23. [PMID: 1700662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is considered an important local mitogenic growth factor involved in autocrine/paracrine regulation of human breast cancer cell proliferation. We have characterized the IGF-I-like activity and studied its hormonal regulation by estradiol in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. We found that the radioimmunoassayable IGF-I-like activity measured in conditioned medium (CM) is predominantly due to the presence of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP). Acid chromatography demonstrated that most of the IGF-I-like activity eluted in the high molecular weight fractions and less than 10% co-eluted with authentic IGF-I (mol wt 7500). Binding protein activity measured by a 125I-IGF-I-ligand binding IGFBP-assay was present in these same high molecular weight fractions. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 125I-IGF-I-ligand blot analysis of the CM showed the presence of two species of binding proteins of 29 kDa and 41 kDa molecular weight which demonstrated specific 125I-IGF-I binding activity. Estradiol did not stimulate IGFBP activity as assessed by the IGFBP-assay and as indirectly reflected by the IGF-I-like activity in the high molecular weight fractions. We conclude that the IGF-I-like activity in CM from human breast cancer cell cultures is predominantly due to the presence of IGFBP. Binding proteins of apparent molecular weight 29 kDa and 41 kDa are present in CM from MCF-7 cells. Assessment of their hormonal regulation showed that estradiol did not stimulate IGFBP. However, this needs to be assessed more stringently using better quantitative estimations for BP. The IGF-binding proteins may have an important role in the regulation of tumor cell growth by influencing the local concentrations and receptor mediated actions of IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey 17033
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Littley MD, Shalet SM, Beardwell CG, Ahmed SR, Applegate G, Sutton ML. Hypopituitarism following external radiotherapy for pituitary tumours in adults. Q J Med 1989; 70:145-60. [PMID: 2594955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies has been studied in a group of 165 patients who underwent external radiotherapy for tumours of the pituitary or closely related anatomical sites, and who have been observed for up to 10 years. One hundred and forty had undergone pituitary surgery before radiotherapy. All patients received external radiotherapy by a three-field technique, giving 3750-4250 cGy in 15 or 16 fractions over 20-22 days. A combined test of anterior pituitary function using insulin hypoglycaemia or glucagon stimulation in conjunction with thyrotrophin and gonadotrophin releasing hormone tests and basal estimations of prolactin, thyroid hormones and testosterone or oestradiol was performed before radiotherapy. This was repeated six and 12 months later and subsequently annually. Before radiotherapy, 18 per cent of patients had normal growth hormone secretion, 21 per cent had normal gonadotrophin secretion, 57 per cent had normal corticotrophin reserve and 80 per cent had normal thyrotrophin secretion. Life table analysis demonstrated increasing incidences of all anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies with time: by five years all patients were growth hormone deficient, 91 per cent were gonadotrophin deficient, 77 per cent were corticotrophin deficient and 42 per cent were thyrotrophin deficient. At eight years, respective incidences of deficiencies were 100, 96, 84 and 49 per cent. Radiation-induced hyperprolactinaemia was seen in 73 patients; mean serum prolactin concentration rose from 227 +/- 11 mU/l to a peak of 369 +/- 60 mU/l at two years and subsequently declined towards the basal value. The primary diagnosis, patient age, sex, irradiated tissue volume and previous surgery were examined as variables that might influence the rate of development of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies, but none of these factors had a significant effect. The radiation induced hyperprolactinaemia was however more marked in female patients. Although anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies most commonly developed in the order growth hormone, gonadotrophin, corticotrophin, thyrotrophin (61 per cent of patients), other sequences were evident. Most notably corticotrophin deficiency occurred before gonadotrophin deficiency. There is a high incidence of anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies in patients treated surgically for pituitary tumours and the incidence increases after external radiotherapy. Deficiencies may occur in an unpredictable sequence and endocrine testing is recommended on an annual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Littley
- Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Withington, Manchester
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Manni A, Badger B, Wright C, Glenn J, Ahmed SR, Demers LM. Species-specificity of estradiol regulated growth factors in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1988; 24:1349-54. [PMID: 2846311 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(88)90227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that autocrine/paracrine mechanisms may mediate the mitogenic effect of estradiol (E2) both in human and experimental breast cancer. However, the species-specificity of E2-regulated growth factors with regard to their biologic action has not been evaluated. To test this issue, we examined, in the soft agar clonogenic assay, the colony-stimulating activity in human breast cancers of conditioned media obtained from rat mammary carcinomas exposed to E2 (rat E2-CM). Of 22 primary human breast cancers plated in soft agar in the absence of serum, 18 (82%) successfully grew with a mean colony number of 62.4 +/- 9.8 (S.E.M.) (range 14-193). Rat E2-CM significantly stimulated colony formation in 10/18 (56%) human breast cancers to 155 +/- 11% (S.E.M.) of control. E2 administration (10(-9) M) in these tumors had a virtually identical overall effect (154 +/- 13% of control colony number). In the remaining eight tumors (44%), neither rat E2-CM nor E2 had, in general, a significant colony-stimulating effect. The growth-promoting action of rat E2-CM and E2 was not influenced by the hormone receptor status of the tumor. These results suggest that E2-regulated growth factors may not be species-specific, at least with regard to their colony-stimulating effects in soft agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manni
- Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
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Manni A, Badger B, Luk G, Wright C, Caplan R, Rockette H, Bartholomew M, Ahmed SR. Role of polyamines in the growth of hormone-responsive experimental breast cancer in vivo. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1988; 11:231-40. [PMID: 3139111 DOI: 10.1007/bf01807281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have provided evidence for a critical role of polyamines in the growth of the hormone-responsive N-nitrosomethyl-urea (NMU)-induced rat mammary tumor in vitro. The present experiments were designed to test whether polyamines are involved in the growth of this experimental tumor in vivo. To test this hypothesis, groups of rats bearing NMU-induced mammary cancers were randomly allocated to receive no treatment or escalating doses of the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO) (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% in drinking water). DFMO inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent fashion and consistently reduced tumor putrescine level. To evaluate the time dependency of this effect, additional groups of rats received either no treatment or 2% DFMO for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. At all times DFMO suppressed tumor putrescine level as well as spermidine to spermine ratio. Finally, exogenous administration of putrescine (200 mg/kg/i.p./day x 21 days) given concomitantly with DFMO restored tumor growth, partially repleted tumor putrescine level, and raised the spermidine to spermine ratio to control levels. Putrescine, given alone, had no significant effect on either tumor polyamine levels or tumor growth. Except for modest weight loss, no major toxicity was encountered. These results indicate that polyamines play an important role in the growth of the NMU rat mammary tumor in vivo. The interaction between polyamines and hormones in supporting NMU mammary tumor growth in vivo remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manni
- Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
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Abstract
Five hypogonadal men were treated with transdermal testosterone therapy, using a testosterone patch applied to the scrotal skin. Daily application of the patch, which contained 10 mg testosterone, produced an increase in serum testosterone concentrations from a pretreatment value of 45 +/- 12 (+/- SE; 1.5 +/- 0.4) to 436 +/- 80 ng/dL (15.1 +/- 2.8 nmol/L; P less than 0.001) after 4 weeks of treatment. Normal serum testosterone concentrations were achieved in all men after 6-8 weeks of therapy and were maintained during continued long term therapy for 9-12 months with a patch containing 15 mg testosterone. All men reported a subjective increase in libido and sexual function during therapy, and three men preferred it to testosterone injections. The serum testosterone and estradiol levels did not rise above the normal adult male range at any time during therapy. However, elevated serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations occurred during treatment; the pretreatment DHT concentration was 95 +/- 3 ng/dL (3.3 +/- 0.1 nmol/L), and it increased to 228 +/- 40 ng/dL (7.8 +/- 1.4 nmol/L) after 4 weeks of treatment and remained elevated thereafter. The individual mean DHT to testosterone ratio increased from a pretreatment value of 0.2 (range, 0.1-0.3) to 0.6 (range, 0.4-0.7) after 2 weeks of therapy and remained high thereafter. Comparison of the serum DHT levels in patients during therapy with those in normal men who had similar testosterone concentrations [531 +/- 62 vs. 566 +/- 72 ng/dL (18.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 19.6 +/- 2.5 nmol/L); P greater than 0.05] revealed that the mean serum DHT concentration was significantly higher in the patients [315 +/- 69 vs. 87 +/- 6 ng/dL (10.8 +/- 2.4 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.2 nmol/L); P less than 0.001], as was the mean DHT to testosterone ratio [0.6 (range, 0.25- 1.1) vs. 0.16 (range, 0.09- 0.24); P less than 0.001]. The high serum DHT levels presumably were due to increased metabolism of testosterone to DHT by the 5 alpha-reductase in the scrotal skin. Serum 3 alpha-androstanediol glucuronide levels were not elevated in the patients. We conclude that transdermal testosterone therapy is an effective long term treatment for hypogonadism in men. It is, however, associated with high serum DHT levels, whose potential long term effects on the prostate and other tissues need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
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Manni A, Badger B, Wright C, Ahmed SR, Santner SJ, Luk G. Role of polyamines in the synthesis of prolactin-regulated growth factors by experimental breast cancer in culture. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1987; 10:191-6. [PMID: 3122861 DOI: 10.1007/bf01810582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present experiments were designed to test whether polyamines play an essential role in the synthesis of growth factors induced by ovine prolactin (oPRL), using the N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced rat mammary tumor cultured in the soft agar clonogenic assay. Conditioned media (CM) obtained from tumors treated with oPRL and the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) (1 mM) no longer exerted the colony-stimulating effect which was observed with oPRL-CM. Such growth-promoting activity was restored with conditioned media obtained from tumors treated with oPRL, DFMO, and increasing concentrations of spermidine from 1 to 500 microM. The colony-stimulating effect of the CM employed could not be accounted for by the contaminating presence in the media of oPRL, DFMO, and polyamines. These results indicate that in our system polyamines play an important role in the synthesis of oPRL-regulated growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manni
- Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033-2396
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Manni A, Badger B, Wright C, Ahmed SR, Demers LM. Effects of progestins on growth of experimental breast cancer in culture: interaction with estradiol and prolactin and involvement of the polyamine pathway. Cancer Res 1987; 47:3066-71. [PMID: 3107802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of progesterone either alone or in combination with other hormones in breast cancer growth is not well established. In these experiments, using the hormone-responsive N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumor grown in the soft agar clonogenic assay, we tested the colony-stimulating effect of progesterone and the synthetic progestin R5020 over a wide range of physiological and pharmacological concentrations (from 0.1 nM to 10 microM). Both progesterone and R5020 were found to have a significant colony-stimulating effect which was more pronounced in the absence of serum. The action of progesterone appeared to plateau at concentrations of 10 or 100 nM, whereas R5020 was maximally effective at lower concentrations (approximately 1 nM). A biphasic dose-dependent effect was occasionally seen both with progesterone and R5020 with a loss of colony-stimulating effect at high concentrations. The combined administration of varying doses of progesterone (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM) and estradiol (10(-10) M and 10(-9) M) was found at times to potentiate and at times to decrease colony formation over that observed with the individual treatments. The former effect, when present, was usually seen with low doses of progesterone, while the latter was frequently observed with high concentrations (100 nM). No major potentiation or suppression of colony formation over individual treatments was observed when varying doses of progesterone (1, 10, and 100 nM) were added together with prolactin (50 ng/ml). The administration of the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine completely blocked the colony-stimulating effect of progesterone. The inhibitory effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine was completely reversed in a dose-dependent fashion by exogenous administration of spermidine, thus implying a critical involvement of the polyamine pathway in progesterone action.
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Ahmed SR, Goyal JP. Interaction between gram varieties and Rhizobium isolates in relation to nodulation, plant growth and grain yield. Hindustan Antibiot Bull 1987; 29:17-9. [PMID: 3450684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Grant JB, Ahmed SR, Shalet SM, Costello CB, Howell A, Blacklock NJ. Testosterone and gonadotrophin profiles in patients on daily or monthly LHRH analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) compared with orchiectomy. Br J Urol 1986; 58:539-44. [PMID: 2946356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1986.tb05463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal profiles of circulating gonadotrophins and testosterone have been measured in patients with prostatic carcinoma on long-term treatment with the LHRH agonist analogue ICI 118630, which was administered either by subcutaneous daily injection or monthly injection of the depot preparation. These have been compared with profiles in patients who had undergone orchiectomy. Daily injection of the analogue induced a significant rise in the level of LH but this was not associated with a significant rise in circulating testosterone. There was no diurnal variation of LH or testosterone concentration in patients receiving the depot preparation and this did not differ in patients who were "mid-cycle" compared with those who were "end-cycle". The depot preparation did, however, induce significantly lower circulating levels of testosterone than did daily injection of the analogue and the levels were comparable with those achieved after orchiectomy.
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Ahmed SR, Grant JB, Shalet SM, Howell A, Costello CB, Weatherson T, Blacklock NJ. A new hormonal therapy for prostatic cancer: long-term clinical and hormonal response. Br J Urol 1986; 58:534-8. [PMID: 2946355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1986.tb05462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four patients with advanced prostatic cancer were treated with daily injections of the LHRH analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) for up to 2 1/2 years. Successful long-term suppression of LH (luteinising hormone) and testosterone was observed without any escape of testosterone. Immunoreactive LH concentrations rose significantly following the daily injection of LHRH analogue but there was no corresponding rise in testosterone concentrations, suggesting altered bioactivity of the LH. A long-term clinical response was obtained in 10 patients (41.6%) and the median duration of response in these patients was 25 months. Eight of the 10 had well to moderately differentiated tumours. The actuarial median survival of all patients was 22 months.
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Abstract
A 19-year-old woman presented with headaches, temporal lobe epilepsy and primary amenorrhoea. There was a family history of multiple endocrine adenomatosis. Investigation revealed normal visual fields and acuity, hyperprolactinaemia (48 000 mU/l) and a very large pituitary tumour with extrasellar spread. Treatment with bromocriptine reduced the tumour size and the prolactin level to 2440 mU/l. Six months after the start of therapy, resistance to bromocriptine developed and the prolactin concentration progressively rose to pretreatment levels, despite increasing the dose of bromocriptine to 40 mg/d. At this stage treatment with a second dopamine agonist, pergolide, was effective in reducing the prolactin concentration to normal within four months. Serial CT scans at 1, 6 and 12 months on dopamine agonist therapy showed a progressive decrease in tumour size, which seemed to be maintained even during the period of rising prolactin concentrations due to bromocriptine resistance. This case illustrates that during dopamine agonist therapy a discrepancy may exist in the clinical response as judged by reduction in tumour size and decrease in the circulating prolactin level. Furthermore, in patients with prolactinomas, pergolide may induce a response when resistance to bromocriptine develops.
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Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) secretion has been studied under physiological conditions and in response to standard pharmacological stimuli in 14 children, who had previously received cranial irradiation between two and fourteen years earlier. All fourteen showed a blunted GH response to insulin hypoglycaemia and, in twelve, the GH response to arginine stimulation was also subnormal. Physiological GH secretion was studied by measuring integrated GH concentrations in 30 min blood samples collected over a 24 hour period by a continuous withdrawal pump. Compared to normal controls (n = 5), the irradiated patients showed a significant reduction in the mean integrated GH concentration (2.2: 8.8 mU/l; p less than 0.002), the total 24 hour GH output (mean 105.7 mU vs. 391.7 mU; p less than 0.002) and the mean GH output during the first six hours of sleep (mean 48.2 mU vs. 226 mU; p less than 0.002). There was no significant correlation between the maximum peak GH response to either pharmacological test and the total 24 hour GH output. Conventionally most short children undergo two provocative tests of GH release and if the GH response to one of the two tests is normal, it is usually assumed that GH production is adequate. Adopting these criteria in this study it would have been assumed incorrectly that GH production was normal in two children. Nonetheless all 14 children showed a blunted GH response to an ITT as well as a reduced total 24 hour GH output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Ahmed SR. Torsion of the gallbladder. A case report. S Afr Med J 1985; 68:614. [PMID: 4049185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of torsion of the gallbladder with gangrene in a 75-year-old woman is described. The diagnosis was established at laparotomy. The clinical features were suggestive of intestinal obstruction, while abdominal radiographs aroused suspicion of appendicitis and appendicular abscess; difficulty in preoperative diagnosis is emphasized.
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Sharma BC, Kapalanga NJ, Ahmed SR. Volvulus of the stomach. A case report. S Afr Med J 1985; 68:48-9. [PMID: 4012493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of gastric volvulus with atypical clinical features is reported. The predisposing aetiological factors and the mechanism of genesis of this very rare condition are discussed. The diagnosis was established by barium meal examination after an unsuccessful gastroscopy. The patient was successfully treated by emergency surgery.
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Abstract
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is the most common type of thyroid cancer and is associated with a good prognosis. Complications of treatment with surgery and radioiodine are uncommon. We report the case of a 13 year old boy who developed testicular damage following treatment with radioactive iodine 350 mCi for a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Four years after radioiodine treatment there has been no suggestion of recovery of spermatogenesis. Detailed follow-up studies of similarly treated young patients are required to define the incidence of this complication and to determine its reversibility.
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Ahmed SR, Grant J, Shalet SM, Howell A, Chowdhury SD, Weatherson T, Blacklock NJ. Preliminary report on use of depot formulation of LHRH analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) in patients with prostatic cancer. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985; 290:185-7. [PMID: 3155636 PMCID: PMC1417898 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.290.6463.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted of the response of the pituitary-testicular axis to two different methods of administration of the luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue ICI 118630 (Zoladex) in patients with prostatic cancer. The analogue was given by continuous infusion to four previously untreated patients with prostatic cancer for 60 days (group 1). Subsequently a further four patients were given a depot formulation of the same analogue by subcutaneous injection once every 28 days (group 2). Both methods of administration produced similar, successful suppression of luteinising hormone (LH) associated with a reduction of testosterone to castrate concentrations. The median basal testosterone concentrations before treatment in groups 1 and 2 were 20.6 and 14.1 nmol/l (5.94 and 4.07 ng/ml) respectively; these were reduced to 1.4 and 1.1 nmol/l (0.40 and 0.32 ng/ml) within four weeks of the start of treatment. The median basal LH concentration in groups 1 and 2 were 7.9 and 16.6 IU/1 respectively, which were suppressed to 2.6 and 2.4 IU/1 by four weeks. The suppression of LH and testosterone was maintained with continuous subcutaneous infusion for up to 60 days in group 1, and by subsequent injections of the depot every 28 days in group 2. The use of depot preparation of an LHRH analogue to suppress gonadotrophin and sex hormone secretion offers the convenience of once monthly injections when LHRH analogues are required for the long term treatment of elderly patients with prostatic cancer and children with precocious puberty.
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Shalet SM, Horner A, Ahmed SR, Morris-Jones PH. Leydig cell damage after testicular irradiation for lymphoblastic leukaemia. Med Pediatr Oncol 1985; 13:65-8. [PMID: 3920486 DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950130204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of testicular irradiation on Leydig cell function has been studied in a group of boys irradiated between 1 and 5 years earlier for a testicular relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Six of the seven boys irradiated during prepubertal life had an absent testosterone response to HCG stimulation. Two of the four boys irradiated during puberty had an appropriate basal testosterone level, but the testosterone response to HCG stimulation was subnormal in three of the four. Abnormalities in gonadotrophin secretion consistent with testicular damage were noted in nine of the 11 boys. Evidence of severe Leydig cell damage was present irrespective of whether the boys were studied within 1 year or between 3 and 5 years after irradiation, suggesting that recovery is unlikely. Androgen replacement therapy has been started in four boys and will be required by the majority of the remainder to undergo normal pubertal development.
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Abstract
The effect of synthetic human pancreatic tumour GH releasing factor (hp GRF1-44) on GH release has been studied in 10 patients with radiation-induced GH deficiency and four normal subjects. All 10 patients showed subnormal GH responses to both an ITT (median peak GH 3.2 mU/l) and to arginine stimulation (median peak GH 2.9 mU/l), although the remainder of pituitary function was intact. Following an acute intravenous bolus (100 micrograms) of hp GRF1-44, there was no GH response in two patients and a subnormal but definite GH response in a further four. The remaining four patients showed a significant GH response (median peak GH level 29 mU/l; range 22-57 mU/l) to hp GRF1-44, similar in magnitude and timing to that seen in the four normals. This strongly suggests that in these four subjects, the discrepancy in GH responses to hp GRF1-44, ITT and to arginine was a result of radiation-induced hypothalamic damage leading to a deficiency of endogenous GRF. The availability of synthetic hp GRF capable of stimulating GH secretion means that the distinction between hypothalamic and pituitary causes of GH deficiency will be of considerable therapeutic importance in the future.
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Ahmed SR, Shalet SM, Grant J, Howell A, Blacklock NJ. Failure of long term luteinising hormone releasing hormone treatment for prostatic cancer to suppress serum luteinising hormone and testosterone. BMJ 1984; 289:831. [PMID: 6236870 PMCID: PMC1442972 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.289.6448.831-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Nineteen patients with Cushing's disease were treated with low dose external pituitary irradiation (20 Gy (2000 rad) in eight fractions over 10 days). While awaiting the effects of pituitary irradiation all patients were treated with metyrapone. Seven patients had a complete remission of their disease within six to 12 months of irradiation. They did not require any further treatment and were followed up for a mean of three and a half (range one to eight) years. Another patient had a complete remission after a second course of pituitary irradiation. A further two patients showed a significant biochemical improvement after irradiation, although they were not rendered eucorticoid. There were no complications after this dose of irradiation. These results compare favourably with those reported after pituitary irradiation at conventional doses (40-50 Gy (4000-5000 rad) over four or five weeks) but were not associated with any complications. It is therefore recommended that low dose external pituitary irradiation be used as definitive first line treatment for Cushing's disease.
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Gaur RB, Ahmed SR. Chemical seed treatment for Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea. Hindustan Antibiot Bull 1984; 26:109-13. [PMID: 6543441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Gaur RB, Ahmed SR, Kataria PK. Controlling Xanthomonas phaseoli (Smith) Dowsen of moong seed through chemotherapy and heat therapy. Hindustan Antibiot Bull 1984; 26:23-6. [PMID: 6746310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Gonadal function was studied in two groups of children previously treated for medulloblastoma with surgery followed by postoperative craniospinal irradiation. In group 1 but not in group 2, the children also received adjuvant chemotherapy for one to two years. All children in group 1 received a nitrosourea (BCNU or CCNU), plus vincristine in four and procarbazine in three patients. The nine children in group 1 showed clinical and biochemical evidence of gonadal damage with elevated serum FSH concentrations and, in the boys, small testes for their stage of pubertal development. In group 2 (n = 8), each child had completed pubertal development normally, the boys had adult sized testes and the girls regular menses. Gonadotropin values were normal in all eight children. We conclude that nitrosoureas were responsible for the gonadal damage in the children in group 1, with procarbazine also contributing to the damage in the three children who received this drug. In view of the limited proved value of adjuvant chemotherapy with nitrosoureas in the treatment of medulloblastoma, recognition of this serious complication of cytotoxic drug therapy may necessitate reassessing in which subgroups of children with medulloblastoma the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy outweight the complications.
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Abstract
A 10 1/2 year old boy presented with raised intracranial pressure and precocious puberty caused by a human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) secreting pineal germinoma. After craniospinal irradiation he improved clinically and his HCG concentration fell to an undetectable value. Two years later he remains well. Pineal germinomas are highly radiosensitive obviating the need for difficult surgery associated with high mortality.
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Ahmed SR, Brooman PJ, Shalet SM, Howell A, Blacklock NJ, Rickards D. Treatment of advanced prostatic cancer with LHRH analogue ICI 118630: clinical response and hormonal mechanisms. Lancet 1983; 2:415-9. [PMID: 6135909 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
9 of 12 patients with advanced metastatic carcinoma of the prostate treated with luteinising-hormone-releasing-hormone (LHRH) analogue ICI 118630 for a mean period of 6 months showed objective evidence of response to treatment. Of 8 patients with bone pain, 7 obtained relief. After 6 weeks of treatment testosterone concentrations were reduced to castrate levels (range less than 2 to 5.5 nmol/l) from a pretreatment mean value of 15.7 nmol/l (range 10.3-24 nmol/l). Basal gonadotropin levels and gonadotropin responses to acute LHRH stimulation were suppressed within 2 weeks of treatment. However, the testosterone response to stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin was unimpaired 4 weeks after the start of treatment. Therefore suppression of the basal testosterone concentration by ICI 118630 was due to inhibition of pituitary luteinising-hormone secretion rather than direct inhibition of testicular Leydig-cell function. ICI 118630 offers an alternative treatment to orchidectomy and oestrogen therapy.
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Ahmed SR, Gaur RB. Chemotherapeutic approach to check yellow mosaic virus of moong (Phaseolus aureus L.). Hindustan Antibiot Bull 1982; 24:18-20. [PMID: 7107311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Mathewson PR, Fahrenholz CH, Booth GD, Miller BS, Pomeranz Y, Ahmed SR, Axford DW, Bass EJ, Boiling H, Chapman DW, Dot JW, Dur RH, Egber DC, Hempleman EW, Marchyl B, Meredit P, Naga S, Perten H, Perten P, Prasad K, Rubenthaler GL, Sawabe T, Sog L, Spillan P, Sundberg DF, Udy DC, Wyant RN. Colorimetric Alpha-Amylase, Falling Number, and Amylograph Assays of Sprouted Wheat: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 1981. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/64.5.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Results are reported of a collaborative study on the determination of sprout damage in wheat. Methods of analysis included falling number, amylograph, and a colorimetric α-amylase assay. Data for the 3 methods were linearly interrelated. Primary source of error for each method was lack of agreement among collaborators. The 3 tests adequately differentiated among sprout damage levels within a single laboratory. The colorimetric test was the most sensitive to change in α-amylase content and appeared to have greater potential for standardization than the other 2 methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Mathewson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, North Central Region, U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502
| | - Charles H Fahrenholz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, North Central Region, U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502
| | - Gordon D Booth
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, North Central Region, U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502
| | - Byron S Miller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, North Central Region, U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502
| | - Yeshajahu Pomeranz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, North Central Region, U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502
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