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Li J, Wang L, Jiang G, Wan Y, Wang J, Li Y, Pi F. Luminescent carbon dots-rooted polysaccharide crosslinked hydrogel adsorbent for sensitive determination and efficient removal of Cu 2. Food Chem 2024; 447:138977. [PMID: 38484541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel luminescent carbon dot-rooted polysaccharide hydrogel (CDs@CCP hydrogel) was prepared by crosslinking cellulose, chitosan (CS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for simultaneous fluorescent sensing and adsorption of Cu2+. The crosslinking of these low-cost, polysaccharide polymers greatly enhance the mechanical strength of the composite hydrogel while making the polysaccharide-based adsorbent easy to reuse. This composite hydrogel exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity (124.7 mg∙g-1) for residual Cu2+ in water, as well as a sensitive and selective fluorescence response towards Cu2+ with a good linear relationship (R2 > 0.97) and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.02 μM. The adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics studies were also conducted to investigate the adsorption mechanism. This composite hydrogel offers an efficient tool for simultaneous monitoring and treatment of Cu2+ from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Polez RT, Ajiboye MA, Österberg M, Horn MM. Chitosan hydrogels enriched with bioactive phloroglucinol for controlled drug diffusion and potential wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130808. [PMID: 38490386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a facile strategy to prepare chitosan (CS) hydrogels that eliminates the need for chemical crosslinking for advanced biomedical therapies. This approach gives controlled properties to the hydrogels by incorporating a natural bioactive phenolic compound, phloroglucinol (PG), into their microstructure. The adsorption of PG onto CS chains enhanced the hydrogels' antioxidant activity by up to 25 % and resulted in a denser, more entangled structure, reducing the pore size by 59 μm while maintaining porosity above 94 %. This allowed us to finely adjust pore size and swelling capacity. These structural properties make these hydrogels well-suited for wound healing dressings, promoting fibroblast proliferation and exhibiting excellent hemocompatibility. Furthermore, to ensure the versatility of these hydrogels, herein, we demonstrate their potential as drug delivery systems, particularly for dermal infections. The drug release can be controlled by a combination of drug diffusion through the swollen hydrogel and relaxation of the CS chains. In summary, our hydrogels leverage the synergistic effects of CS's antibacterial and antifungal properties with PG's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory attributes, positioning them as promising candidates for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, more specifically in advanced wound healing therapies with local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Teixeira Polez
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Margaret A Ajiboye
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marilia M Horn
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany.
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3
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Xie H, Mu M, Lu G, Zhang Y. Ferrocene crosslinked and functionalized chitosan microspheres towards bio-based Fenton-like system for the removal of organic pollutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129699. [PMID: 38281517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Dye-containing wastewater treatment has been a major long-term global challenge. For this purpose, a novel bio-based microspheres (CS-FC) with high specific surface area (63.24 m2·g-1) and nano-channels (17.95 nm) was prepared using chitosan as the framework and ferrocene as a crosslinking active group. CS-FC not only has the ability to rapidly enrich methyl orange (MO) through hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic attraction, but also almost completely degrades it in the presence of H2O2/K2S2O8 through a synergistic radical/non-radical mechanism under the activating effect of ferrocene. Without H2O2/K2S2O8, the maximum MO adsorption capacity of CS-FC is in the range 871-1050 mg·g-1, and conforms to a Langmuir isothermal model with pseudo-second-order kinetics. In the presence of H2O2/K2S2O8, the removal of MO dramatically increased from 32 % to nearly 100 % after incubation for 60 min, due to the simultaneous formation of highly reactive 1O2 and ·OH. The significant contribution from 1O2 endowed CS-FC/H2O2/K2S2O8 with high universality for degrading various organic pollutants (including azo dyes and antibiotics), a wide pH window (2-8), and low sensitivity to co-existing ions. Such cost-effective, recyclable porous bio-based microspheres are suitable for heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysis in organic wastewater treatment that rely on synergistic radical/non-radical reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Meng Mu
- Shengli Oilfeld Company, SINOPEC, Dongying City, Shandong Province 257001, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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4
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Yang J, Zhang B, Wang L, Song W, Li B, Mu Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Niu S, Han Z, Ren L. Bio-inspired copper ion-chelated chitosan coating modified UHMWPE fibers for enhanced interfacial properties of composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128876. [PMID: 38134987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers are broadly applied in lightweight and high-strength composite fiber materials. However, the development of UHMWPE fibers is limited by their smooth and chemically inert surfaces. To address the issues, a modified UHMWPE fibers material has been fabricated through the chelation reaction between Cu2+ and chitosan coatings within the surface of fibers after plasma treatment, which is inspired by the hardening mechanism, a crosslinked network between metal ions and proteins/polysaccharides of the tips and edges in arthropod-specific cuticular tools. The coatings improve the surface wettability and interfacial bonding ability, which are beneficial in extending the application range of UHMWPE fibers. More importantly, compared to the unmodified UHMWPE fiber cloths, the tensile property of the modified fiber cloths is increased by 18.89% without damaging the strength, which is infrequent in modified UHMWPE fibers. Furthermore, the interlaminar shear strength and fracture toughness of the modified fibers laminate are increased by 37.72% and 135.90%, respectively. These improvements can be attributed to the synergistic effects between the surface activity and the tiny bumps of the modified UHMWPE fibers. Hence, this work provides a more straightforward and less damaging idea of fiber modification for manufacturing desirable protective and medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingde Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Binjie Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 21003, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wenda Song
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhengzhi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
| | - Shichao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
| | - Zhiwu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China.
| | - Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264402, China
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5
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Li Y, Xie L, Qu G, Zhang H, Dai Y, Tan J, Zhong J, Zhang YF. Efficient treatment of palladium from wastewater by acrolein cross-linked chitosan hydrogels: Adsorption, kinetics, and mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127850. [PMID: 37924908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a study on the preparation and properties of a hydrogel adsorbent for treatment of wasted palladium souring from actial petrochemical industrial wastewater. Chitosan was used as the raw material and acrolein as the cross-linking agent for the hydrogel (A/CS). The adsorption behaviors of the hydrogel for Pd(II) ions were characterized and analyzed. The effect of pH, temperature, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics were investigated. Langmuir models were employed to describe the adsorption isotherms, while the pseudo-second-order equation was applied to describe the adsorption kinetics. The experimental results demonstrated that the adsorption was a monolayer chemical adsorption, and the adsorption capacity was found to reach 505.05 mg/g under optimal conditions. In addition, FT-IR and XPS analyses, combined with MS calculations confirmed that chelation and electrostatic attraction were dominated in the adsorption process. Overall, the development of this hydrogel adsorbent will provide a practical approach to the treatment of industrial wastewater containing palladium and have great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Lingying Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Guo Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Yimin Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Jinglin Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Jinrong Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Yue-Fei Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China.
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6
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Yu J, Tian S, Yao A, Hu H, Lan J, Yang L, Du X, Lin S. Compressible polydopamine modified pomelo peel powder/poly(ethyleneimine)/κ-carrageenan aerogel with pH-tunable charge for selective removal of anionic and cationic dyes. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121377. [PMID: 37940273 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel biomass-based aerogel, polydopamine decorated pomelo peel powder/polyethyleneimine/κ-carrageenan (PPEKC) aerogel, was developed for dye wastewater treatment. The as-prepared PPEKC aerogel possessed a robust structure and good compressible resilience. As expected, this aerogel presented remarkable efficacy in eliminating both anionic and cationic dyes. The experimental maximum adsorption capacities were 2016.7 mg g-1 for congo red (CR) at pH = 5 and 1176.6 mg g-1 for methylene blue (MEB) at pH = 11, following with ultra-fast adsorption rates. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms exhibited a stronger alignment with the Langmuir isotherm model for CR at 308 K and MEB at 288, 298, 308 K. The Freundlich isotherm model yielded a suitable fit for the adsorption of CR at 288 and 298 K. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the removal of CR and MEB was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanisms involved electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonds. Intriguingly, it could achieve bidirectional selective adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes in the designed pH values, due to pH-tunable surface charge. Additionally, it also exhibited favorable reusability and antibacterial activity. Therefore, the as-prepared PPEKC aerogel could be a promising biosorbent for dye wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Yu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Siyao Tian
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Anrong Yao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Haoyi Hu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jianwu Lan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Shaojian Lin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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7
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Boccia AC, Neagu M, Pulvirenti A. Bio-Based Aerogels for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Oils from Water: Novel Solutions for Environmental Remediation. Gels 2023; 10:32. [PMID: 38247754 PMCID: PMC10815902 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Contamination of the aqueous environment caused by the presence of heavy metal ions and oils is a growing concern that must be addressed to reduce their detrimental impact on living organisms and safeguard the environment. Recent efficient and environmentally friendly remediation methods for the treatment of water are based on third-generation bioaerogels as emerging applications for the removal of heavy metal ions and oils from aqueous systems. The peculiarities of these materials are various, considering their high specific surface area and low density, together with a highly porous three-dimensional structure and tunable surface chemistry. This review illustrates the recent progress in aerogels developed from cellulose and chitosan as emerging materials in water treatment. The potential of aerogel-based adsorbents for wastewater treatment is reported in terms of adsorption efficacy and reusability. Despite various gaps affecting the manufacturing and production costs of aerogels that actually limit their successful implementation in the market, the research progress suggests that bio-based aerogels are ready to be used in water-treatment applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Caterina Boccia
- National Research Council, (CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-SCITEC “G. Natta”, Via A. Corti, 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Monica Neagu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alfio Pulvirenti
- National Research Council, (CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche-SCITEC “G. Natta”, Via A. Corti, 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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8
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Xie YX, Cheng WC, Wang L, Xue ZF, Xu YL. Biopolymer-assisted enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation for immobilizing Cu ions in aqueous solution and loess. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116134-116146. [PMID: 37910372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater, discharged in copper (Cu) mining and smelting, usually contains a large amount of Cu2+. Immobilizing Cu2+ in aqueous solution and soils is deemed crucial in preventing its migration into surrounding environments. In recent years, the enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has been widely applied to Cu immobilization. However, the effect of Cu2+ toxicity denatures and even inactivates the urease. In the present work, the biopolymer-assisted EICP technology was proposed. The inherent mechanism affecting Cu immobilization was explored through a series of test tube experiments and soil column tests. Results indicated that 4 g/L chitosan may not correspond to a higher immobilization efficiency because it depends as well on surrounding pH conditions. The use of Ca2+ not only played a role in further protecting urease and regulating the environmental pH but also reduced the potential for Cu2+ to migrate into nearby environments when malachite and azurite minerals are wrapped by calcite minerals. The species of carbonate precipitation that are recognized in the numerical simulation and microscopic analysis supported the above claim. On the other hand, UC1 (urease and chitosan colloid) and UC2 (urea and calcium source) grouting reduced the effect of Cu2+ toxicity by transforming the exchangeable state-Cu into the carbonate combination state-Cu. The side effect, induced by 4 g/L chitosan, promoted the copper-ammonia complex formation in the shallow ground, while the acidic environments in the deep ground prevented Cu2+ from coordinating with soil minerals. These badly degraded the immobilization efficiency. The Raman spectroscopy and XRD test results tallied with the above results. The findings shed light on the potential of applying the biopolymer-assisted EICP technology to immobilizing Cu ions in water bodies and sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Xie
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Wen-Chieh Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhong-Fei Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yin-Long Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China
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9
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Li N, Hou J, Ou R, Yeo L, Choudhury NR, Zhang H. Stimuli-Responsive Ion Adsorbents for Sustainable Separation Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17699-17720. [PMID: 37695744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive ion absorbents (SRIAs) with reversible ion adsorption and desorption properties have recently attracted immense attention due to their outstanding functionalities for sustainable separation applications. Over the past decade, a series of SRIAs that respond to single or multiple external stimuli (e.g., pH, gas, temperature, light, magnetic, and voltage) have been reported to achieve excellent ion adsorption capacity and selectivity while simultaneously allowing for their reusability. In contrast to traditional adsorbents that are mainly regenerated through chemical additives, SRIAs allow for reduced chemical and even chemical-free regeneration capacities, thereby enabling environmentally friendly and energy-efficient separation technologies. In this review, we systematically summarize the materials and strategies reported to date for synthesizing single-, dual-, and multiresponsive ion adsorbents. Following a discourse on the fundamental mechanisms that govern their adsorption and desorption under various external stimuli, we provide a concise discussion of the regeneration capacity and application of these responsive ion adsorbents for sustainable water desalination, toxic ion removal, and valuable ion extract and recovery. Finally, we discuss the challenges in developing and deploying these promising multifunctional responsive ion adsorbents together with strategies to overcome these limitations and provide prospects for their future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Li
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jue Hou
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ranwen Ou
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Leslie Yeo
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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10
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Saleh WM, Ahmad MI, Yahya EB, H P S AK. Nanostructured Bioaerogels as a Potential Solution for Particulate Matter Pollution. Gels 2023; 9:575. [PMID: 37504454 PMCID: PMC10379271 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant environmental and public health issue globally. Exposure to high levels of PM, especially fine particles, can have severe health consequences. These particles can come from a variety of sources, including natural events like dust storms and wildfires, as well as human activities such as industrial processes and transportation. Although an extensive development in air filtration techniques has been made in the past few years, fine particulate matter still poses a serios and dangerous threat to human health and to our environment. Conventional air filters are fabricated from non-biodegradable and non-ecofriendly materials which can cause further environmental pollution as a result of their excessive use. Nanostructured biopolymer aerogels have shown great promise in the field of particulate matter removal. Their unique properties, renewable nature, and potential for customization make them attractive materials for air pollution control. In the present review, we discuss the meaning, properties, and advantages of nanostructured aerogels and their potential in particulate matter removal. Particulate matter pollution, types and sources of particulate matter, health effect, environmental effect, and the challenges facing scientists in particulate matter removal are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we present the most recent advances in using nanostructured bioaerogels in the removal of different types of particulate matter and discuss the challenges that we face in these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Mustafa Saleh
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Khalil H P S
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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11
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Wang Q, Zuo W, Tian Y, Kong L, Cai G, Zhang H, Li L, Zhang J. An ultralight and flexible nanofibrillated cellulose/chitosan aerogel for efficient chromium removal: Adsorption-reduction process and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138622. [PMID: 37037357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in water are critical global environmental problems. In particular, the anionic heavy metal chromium (Cr) has carcinogenic and genotoxic risks on human health. To this end, an ultralight and flexible nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/chitosan (CS) aerogel was developed only by freeze-drying combined with physical thermal cross-linking for efficient one step co-removal of Cr(VI) and Cr(III). The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) and total Cr calculated according to the Langmuir model was 197.33 and 134.12 mg/g, respectively. Even in the presence of competing soluble organics, anions and oil contaminants, the resulting NFC/CS-5 aerogels showed excellent selectivity. The aerogel exhibited outstanding mechanical integrity, remaining intact after 17 compressions in air and underwater. Meanwhile, after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, the aerogel was easy to regenerate and maintained a high regeneration efficiency of 80.25%. Importantly, self-assembled NFC/CS-5 aerogel filter connected with the peristaltic pump could purify 752 mL of industrial wastewater with Cr(VI) pre-concentration capacity of 49.71 mg/g. XPS and FT-IR verified that electrostatic interactions, reduction and complexation acted as the main driving forces for the adsorption process. Moreover, such aerogel possessed broad application prospects for alleviating heavy metal pollution in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lingchao Kong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guiyuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lipin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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12
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Hama Aziz KH, Mustafa FS, Omer KM, Hama S, Hamarawf RF, Rahman KO. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment: efficient and low-cost removal approaches to eliminate their toxicity: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17595-17610. [PMID: 37312989 PMCID: PMC10258679 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00723e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of water sources has emerged as a major global environmental concern, threatening both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment is on the rise due to industrialization, climate change, and urbanization. Sources of pollution include mining waste, landfill leachates, municipal and industrial wastewater, urban runoff, and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, weathering, and rock abrasion. Heavy metal ions are toxic, potentially carcinogenic, and can bioaccumulate in biological systems. Heavy metals can cause harm to various organs, including the neurological system, liver, lungs, kidneys, stomach, skin, and reproductive systems, even at low exposure levels. Efforts to find efficient methods to remove heavy metals from wastewater have increased in recent years. Although some approaches can effectively remove heavy metal contaminants, their high preparation and usage costs may limit their practical applications. Many review articles have been published on the toxicity and treatment methods for removing heavy metals from wastewater. This review focuses on the main sources of heavy metal pollution, their biological and chemical transformation, toxicological impacts on the environment, and harmful effects on the ecosystem. It also examines recent advances in cost-effective and efficient techniques for removing heavy metals from wastewater, such as physicochemical adsorption using biochar and natural zeolite ion exchangers, as well as decomposition of heavy metal complexes through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Finally, the advantages, practical applications, and future potential of these techniques are discussed, along with any challenges and limitations that must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Analysis Department, College of health sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya Sulaimaniya 46001 Kurdistan region Iraq
| | - Fryad S Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Khalid M Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Sarkawt Hama
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Rebaz Fayaq Hamarawf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Kaiwan Othman Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qlyasan Street Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
- Razga Company Sulaimani City 46001 Kurdistan Region Iraq
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13
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Younes K, Antar M, Chaouk H, Kharboutly Y, Mouhtady O, Obeid E, Gazo Hanna E, Halwani J, Murshid N. Towards Understanding Aerogels' Efficiency for Oil Removal-A Principal Component Analysis Approach. Gels 2023; 9:465. [PMID: 37367136 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, our aim was to estimate the adsorption potential of three families of aerogels: nanocellulose (NC), chitosan (CS), and graphene (G) oxide-based aerogels. The emphasized efficiency to seek here concerns oil and organic contaminant removal. In order to achieve this goal, principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a data mining tool. PCA showed hidden patterns that were not possible to seek by the bi-dimensional conventional perspective. In fact, higher total variance was scored in this study compared with previous findings (an increase of nearly 15%). Different approaches and data pre-treatments have provided different findings for PCA. When the whole dataset was taken into consideration, PCA was able to reveal the discrepancy between nanocellulose-based aerogel from one part and chitosan-based and graphene-based aerogels from another part. In order to overcome the bias yielded by the outliers and to probably increase the degree of representativeness, a separation of individuals was adopted. This approach allowed an increase in the total variance of the PCA approach from 64.02% (for the whole dataset) to 69.42% (outliers excluded dataset) and 79.82% (outliers only dataset). This reveals the effectiveness of the followed approach and the high bias yielded from the outliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Younes
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Mayssara Antar
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Hamdi Chaouk
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Yahya Kharboutly
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Omar Mouhtady
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Emil Obeid
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Eddie Gazo Hanna
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Jalal Halwani
- Water and Environment Sciences Laboratory, Lebanese University, Tripoli P.O. Box 6573/14, Lebanon
| | - Nimer Murshid
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
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14
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Jansen-van Vuuren RD, Naficy S, Ramezani M, Cunningham M, Jessop P. CO 2-responsive gels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3470-3542. [PMID: 37128844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CO2-responsive materials undergo a change in chemical or physical properties in response to the introduction or removal of CO2. The use of CO2 as a stimulus is advantageous as it is abundant, benign, inexpensive, and it does not accumulate in a system. Many CO2-responsive materials have already been explored including polymers, latexes, surfactants, and catalysts. As a sub-set of CO2-responsive polymers, the study of CO2-responsive gels (insoluble, cross-linked polymers) is a unique discipline due to the unique set of changes in the gels brought about by CO2 such as swelling or a transformed morphology. In the past 15 years, CO2-responsive gels and self-assembled gels have been investigated for a variety of emerging potential applications, reported in 90 peer-reviewed publications. The two most widely exploited properties include the control of flow (fluids) via CO2-triggered aggregation and their capacity for reversible CO2 absorption-desorption, leading to applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 sequestration, respectively. In this paper, we review the preparation, properties, and applications of these CO2-responsive gels, broadly classified by particle size as nanogels, microgels, aerogels, and macrogels. We have included a section on CO2-induced self-assembled gels (including poly(ionic liquid) gels).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Jansen-van Vuuren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Centre for Excellence in Advanced Food Enginomics (CAFE), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maedeh Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
| | - Michael Cunningham
- Department of Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Philip Jessop
- Department of Chemistry, Chernoff Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7K 2N1, Canada.
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15
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Bulin C. Adsorption mechanism and removal efficiency of magnetic graphene oxide-chitosan hybrid on aqueous Zn(II). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124588. [PMID: 37105255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic architecture incorporating graphene-chitosan has demonstrated encouraging application in wastewater purification. Herein, a ternary hybrid based on Fe3O4-graphene oxide-chitosan (MGOCS) was fabricated and employed as adsorbent to remove aqueous Zn(II). The adsorption mechanism was intensively inspected based on the hard and soft acid base (HSAB) theory. Results present, MGOCS removes 96.73 % of Zn(II) in 38 min, with adsorption quantity 386.92 mg·g-1. Electron transfer and energy lowering determined by the HSAB theory illuminate the plausible adsorption sites in each component of MGOCS: O2- in Fe3O4, -C(=O)NH-, -NH2 in chitosan and -OH in graphene oxide. The exploration was upheld by spectroscopic analyses. Thereby, following adsorption mechanism was proposed. (1) ZnO bond was formed featured by electron donation. (2) The -C(=O)NH- group formed via amidation between graphene oxide and chitosan contributes to Zn(Π) uptake. This work may inspire the development of efficient adsorbent based on magnetic graphene-chitosan for wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoke Bulin
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, PR China.
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16
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Younes K, Kharboutly Y, Antar M, Chaouk H, Obeid E, Mouhtady O, Abu-samha M, Halwani J, Murshid N. Application of Unsupervised Machine Learning for the Evaluation of Aerogels’ Efficiency towards Ion Removal—A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Approach. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040304. [PMID: 37102916 PMCID: PMC10137683 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is a global problem affecting millions of people. It can lead to severe economic, social, and environmental consequences. It can also have several impacts on agriculture, industry, and households, leading to a decrease in human quality of life. To address water scarcity, governments, communities, and individuals must work in synergy for the sake of water resources conservation and the implementation of sustainable water management practices. Following this urge, the enhancement of water treatment processes and the development of novel ones is a must. Here, we have investigated the potential of the applicability of “Green Aerogels” in water treatment’s ion removal section. Three families of aerogels originating from nanocellulose (NC), chitosan (CS), and graphene (G) are investigated. In order to reveal the difference between aerogel samples in-hand, a “Principal Component Analysis” (PCA) has been performed on the physical/chemical properties of aerogels, from one side, and the adsorption features, from another side. Several approaches and data pre-treatments have been considered to overcome any bias of the statistical method. Following the different followed approaches, the aerogel samples were located in the center of the biplot and were surrounded by different physical/chemical and adsorption properties. This would probably indicate a similar efficiency in the ion removal of the aerogels in-hand, whether they were nanocellulose-based, chitosan-based, or even graphene-based. In brief, PCA has shown a similar efficiency of all the investigated aerogels towards ion removal. The advantage of this method is its capacity to engage and seek similarities/dissimilarities between multiple factors, with the elimination of the shortcomings for the tedious and time-consuming bidimensional data visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Younes
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Yahya Kharboutly
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Mayssara Antar
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Hamdi Chaouk
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Emil Obeid
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Omar Mouhtady
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Mahmoud Abu-samha
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Jalal Halwani
- Water and Environment Sciences Lab, Lebanese University, Tripoli 22100, Lebanon
| | - Nimer Murshid
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
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17
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Xiang H, Zhao F, Wu T, Zhang X, Chai F, Wang Q, Repo E, Min X, Lin Z. Unraveling the steric hindrance roles of the phenolic hydroxyl position on the selective Ge(IV) recovery from zinc residue leachate. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Li MX, Li W, Xiong YS, Lu HQ, Li H, Li K. Preparation of quaternary ammonium-functionalized metal-organic framework/chitosan composite aerogel with outstanding scavenging of melanoidin. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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19
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Zhang C, Yao A, Lan J, Dou B, Yang L, Lin S. Fabrication of poly(itaconic acid)- g-potassium alginate aerogels as eco-friendly biosorbents for removal of cationic dyes. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2140674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anrong Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianwu Lan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baojie Dou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shaojian Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Bulin C. Combination mechanism of the ternary composite based on Fe 3O 4-chitosan-graphene oxide prepared by solvothermal method. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123337. [PMID: 36690233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanohybrid combining chitosan and graphene have demonstrated promising application in environmental remediation. Herein, ternary composite MCG based on Fe3O4, chitosan (CS) and graphene oxide (GO) was facilely prepared via solvothermal method. The as prepared composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, Brunauer/Emmett/Teller-Barret/Joyner/Halenda (BET-BJH) and thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The combination mechanism of MCG was unveiled via employing the hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) theory and spectroscopic investigations including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescent emission spectra. Particularly, combination mechanism of MCG was elucidated by the probable site to site interaction of the couplet components in MCG, as follows. (1) CS-Fe3O4. The primary interaction is N(NH2)-Fe(III), electron donates from N to Fe, transforming one half of the amino groups of chitosan into positive N+. (2) GO-CS. Amidation reaction is the primary interaction form, converting the other half of the amino groups of chitosan into -C(O)NH-. (3) GO-Fe3O4. Dominant interactions are those of epoxy, hydroxyl and aromatic ring with Fe(III). Moreover, MCG exhibits fair adsorption performance on divalent heavy metals in six consecutive cycles. These explorations may shed light on the design of efficient adsorbent based on Fe3O4-chitosan-graphene architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoke Bulin
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, PR China.
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21
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He Y, Zhang P, Wang L. Adsorption and Removal of Cr6+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ from Aqueous Solution by Magnetic Nano-Chitosan. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062607. [PMID: 36985579 PMCID: PMC10056453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nano-chitosan (MNC) was prepared and characterized. The kinetics, thermodynamics, and influencing factors of the adsorption of Cr6+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+, as well as their competitive adsorption onto MNC in aqueous solution, were studied. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of Cr6+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, indicating that the adsorption was mainly chemical adsorption and endothermic. Increasing the dosage of MNC, the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) of Cr6+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ decreased; their removal rate (η) increased. With the increase in the solution’s pH, the qe and η of Cr6+ first increased and then decreased; the qe and η of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ increased. With the increase in the metal ion initial concentration, the qe increased; the η of Cr6+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ decreased, while the η of Pb2+ increased first and then decreased. Temperature had a weak influence on the qe of Cr6+ and Pb2+, while it had a strong influence on Cu2+ and Zn2+, the qe and η were greater when the temperature was higher, and the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The qe and η of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ decreased in the presence of co-existing ions. The influences among metal ions existed in a binary and ternary ion system. The current study’s results provide a theoretical support for the simultaneous treatment of harmful metal ions in wastewater by MNC.
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22
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Li J, Chen M, Yang X, Zhang L. Preparation of a novel hydrogel of sodium alginate using rural waste bone meal for efficient adsorption of heavy metals cadmium ion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160969. [PMID: 36549539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption has been an important method for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. However, there has been a lack of an environmentally friendly, low-cost, biodegradable and easily recyclable material. China produces bones are not fully utilized leads to a waste of resources Therefore, efficient application of bone meal (BM) for remediation of contaminants in water would provide a promising alternative for resource utilization of bones. In this paper, we use a combination of BM and sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a novel BM/SA/calcium ion (BM/SA/Ca2+) double cross-linked composite hydrogel (BMSAH). Enhance the mechanical structure of SA while making the BM easy to recycle and reuse. The morphology and structure of the BMSAH were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM-EDS. suggesting that the BMSAH can provide a larger specific surface area and high number of adsorption sites. The effects of the solution pH, ionic strength and contact time on the adsorption capacity of the BMSAH were investigated in depth, Under different conditions, BMSAH has a strong adsorption capacity of >90 %. XPS and FT-IR analysis showed that Cd2+ was adsorbed mainly via coordination interactions and hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl groups and nitrogen atoms in the BMSAH. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model, particle diffusion model and Isothermal adsorption lines indicate that the surface of the BMSAH is non-uniform suggesting that the adsorption of heavy metal ions by the BMSAH involves a combination of surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms, which is an overall chemical-physical adsorption process. In addition, the adsorption capacity of BMSAH remained above 90 % after three desorption cycles. Our work provides a new method for the preparation of a low-cost, high mechanical performance, biodegradable and easily recyclable physical hydrogels used for the removal of heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Mengxin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China.
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23
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Zhao S, Xie H, Tang X, Lu G, Zhang Y. Oxidized dextran-crosslinked ferrocene-chitosan-PEI composite porous material integrating adsorption and degradation to malachite green. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120770. [PMID: 37059526 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Treating wastewater containing malachite green (MG) using porous materials with both adsorption and degradation functions have become a major challenge in achieving the carbon neutrality goal. Herein by incorporating the ferrocene (Fc) group as a Fenton active center, a novel composite porous material (DFc-CS-PEI) was prepared using chitosan (CS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as skeletons and oxidized dextran as a crosslinker. DFc-CS-PEI not only possesses satisfactory adsorption performance to MG but also excellent degradability in the presence of a minor amount of H2O2 (3.5 mmol/L) without any additional assistance, due to high specific surface area and active Fc group. The maximum adsorption capacity is ca. 177.73 ± 3.11 mg/g, outperforming most CS-based adsorbents. The removal efficiency of MG is significantly enhanced from 20 % to 90 % as DFc-CS-PEI and H2O2 coexist, due to ·OH-dominated Fenton reaction, and remained in a wide pH range (2.0-7.0). Cl- exhibits notable suppression on the degradation of MG because of quenching effects. Note that DFc-CS-PEI has a very small iron leaching (0.2 ± 0.015 mg/L), and can be rapidly recycled by simple water-washing, without any harmful chemicals and potential second pollution. Such versatility, high stability, and green recyclability make the as-prepared DFc-CS-PEI a promising porous material for the treatment of organic wastewater.
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24
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Xiong F, Hao Y, Xu H, Li X, Sun Y, Liu J, Chen X, Wei Z. High‐Affinity Adsorbent with Honeycomb Structure for Efficient Acteoside Separation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Yanyan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Helin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Xueqin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Xi Chen
- Kashi Product Quality Inspection Institute No. 5, Century Avenue North Road Xinjiang Kashgar 844000 China
| | - Zhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
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Wang L, Cheng WC, Xue ZF, Zhang B, Lv XJ. Immobilizing of lead and copper using chitosan-assisted enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120947. [PMID: 36581237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is considered as an environmentally friendly method for immobilizing heavy metals (HMs). The fundamental of the EICP method is to catalyze urea hydrolysis using the urease, discharging CO32- and NH4+. CO32- helps to form carbonates that immobilize HMs afterwards. However, HMs can depress urease activity and reduce the degree of urea hydrolysis. Herein, the potential of applying the chitosan-assisted EICP method to Pb and Cu immobilization was explored. The chitosan addition elevated the degree of urea hydrolysis when subjected to the effect of Cu2+ toxicity where the protective effect, flocculation and adsorption, and the formation of precipitation, play parts in improving the Cu immobilization efficiency. The use of chitosan addition, however, also causes the side effect (copper-ammonia complex formation). Two calcium source additions, CaCl2 and Ca(CH3COO)2, intervened in the test tube experiments not only to prevent pH from raising to values where Cu2+ complexes with NH3 but also to separate the urease enzyme and Cu2+ from each other with the repulsion of charges. The FTIR spectra indicate that the chitosan addition adsorbs Cu2+ through its surface hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, while the SEM images distinguish who the mineral are nucleating with. The findings shed light on the potential of applying the chitosan-assisted EICP method to remedy lead- and copper-rich water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Wen-Chieh Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Zhong-Fei Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Xin-Jiang Lv
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
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Kumar A, Sidharth S, Kandasubramanian B. A review on algal biosorbents for heavy metal remediation with different adsorption isotherm models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39474-39493. [PMID: 36780087 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Biosorbent composites like chitin, alginate, moss, xanthene, and cotton can be derived from biotic species such as plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria which can be used for the exclusion of both organic and inorganic toxicants from sewage, industrial effluent, polluted soils, and many more. The use of composites in place of raw substrates like alginate and chitin increases the adsorption capacity as CS4CPL1 beads increase the adsorption capacity for copper and nickel from 66.7 mg/g and 15.3 mg/g in the case of alginate microsphere to 719.38 mg/g and 466.07 mg/g respectively. Biosorbent fabricated from algae Chlorella vulgaris having surface area of 12.1 m2/g and pore size of 13.7 nm owing to which it displayed a higher adsorption capacity for Pb 0.433 mmol/g indicating their potential as an efficient biosorbent material. This article contains detailed information related to heavy metals as well as biosorbent that includes different isotherms, kinetics, techniques to estimate heavy metal concentration, removal methods, and adverse health effects caused due to heavy metal pollution. Apart from the above recovery and reuse of biosorbent, correlation with the sustainable development goals has also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumati Sidharth
- Technology Management, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Nano Surface Texturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, 411025, Maharashtra, India.
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Biopolymeric Fibrous Aerogels: The Sustainable Alternative for Water Remediation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020262. [PMID: 36679143 PMCID: PMC9867057 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increment in water pollution due to the massive development in the industrial sector is a worldwide concern due to its impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new and sustainable alternatives for water remediation is needed. In this context, aerogels present high porosity, low density, and a remarkable adsorption capacity, making them candidates for remediation applications demonstrating high efficiency in removing pollutants from the air, soil, and water. Specifically, polymer-based aerogels could be modified in their high surface area to integrate functional groups, decrease their hydrophilicity, or increase their lipophilicity, among other variations, expanding and enhancing their efficiency as adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants in water. The aerogels based on natural polymers such as cellulose, chitosan, or alginate processed by different techniques presented high adsorption capacities, efficacy in oil/water separation and dye removal, and excellent recyclability after several cycles. Although there are different reviews based on aerogels, this work gives an overview of just the natural biopolymers employed to elaborate aerogels as an eco-friendly and renewable alternative. In addition, here we show the synthesis methods and applications in water cleaning from pollutants such as dyes, oil, and pharmaceuticals, providing novel information for the future development of biopolymeric-based aerogel.
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Velempini T, Ahamed MEH, Pillay K. Heavy-metal spent adsorbents reuse in catalytic, energy and forensic applications- a new approach in reducing secondary pollution associated with adsorption. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Zhang S, Ding J, Tian D, Chang M, Zhao X, Lu M. Experimental and theoretical studies of fluorescent-tagged scale inhibitors for calcium scale inhibition. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Ghiorghita CA, Dinu MV, Lazar MM, Dragan ES. Polysaccharide-Based Composite Hydrogels as Sustainable Materials for Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238574. [PMID: 36500664 PMCID: PMC9736407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, pollution has become the main bottleneck towards sustainable technological development due to its detrimental implications in human and ecosystem health. Removal of pollutants from the surrounding environment is a hot research area worldwide; diverse technologies and materials are being continuously developed. To this end, bio-based composite hydrogels as sorbents have received extensive attention in recent years because of advantages such as high adsorptive capacity, controllable mechanical properties, cost effectiveness, and potential for upscaling in continuous flow installations. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date analysis of the literature on recent accomplishments in the design of polysaccharide-based composite hydrogels for removal of heavy metal ions, dyes, and oxyanions from wastewater. The correlation between the constituent polysaccharides (chitosan, cellulose, alginate, starch, pectin, pullulan, xanthan, salecan, etc.), engineered composition (presence of other organic and/or inorganic components), and sorption conditions on the removal performance of addressed pollutants will be carefully scrutinized. Particular attention will be paid to the sustainability aspects in the selected studies, particularly to composite selectivity and reusability, as well as to their use in fixed-bed columns and real wastewater applications.
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Bulin C, Zheng R, Song J, Bao J, Xin G, Zhang B. Magnetic Graphene Oxide-Chitosan Nanohybrid for efficient removal of aqueous Hg(Π) and The Interaction Mechanism. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Musarurwa H, Tavengwa NT. Recyclable polysaccharide/stimuli-responsive polymer composites and their applications in water remediation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Qin Y, Chai B, Wang C, Yan J, Fan G, Song G. New insight into remarkable tetracycline removal by enhanced graphitization of hierarchical porous carbon aerogel: Performance and mechanism. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen X, Hossain MF, Duan C, Lu J, Tsang YF, Islam MS, Zhou Y. Isotherm models for adsorption of heavy metals from water - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135545. [PMID: 35787879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption is a widely used technology for removing and separating heavy metal from water, attributed to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and high efficiency. Adsorption isotherm modeling has been used for many years to predict the adsorption equilibrium mechanism, adsorption capacity, and the inherent characteristics of the adsorption process, all of which are substantial in evaluating the performance of adsorbents. This review summarizes the development history, fundamental characteristics, and mathematical derivations of various isotherm models, along with their applicable conditions and application scenarios in heavy metal adsorption. The latest progress in applying isotherm models with a one-parameter, two-parameter, and three-parameter in heavy metal adsorption using carbon-based materials, which has gained much attention in recent years as low-cost adsorbents, is critically reviewed and discussed. Several experimental factors affecting the adsorption equilibrium, such as solution pH, temperature, ionic strength, adsorbent dose, and initial heavy metal concentration, are briefly discussed. The criteria for selecting the optimum isotherm for heavy metal adsorption are proposed by comparing various adsorption models and analyzing mathematical error functions. Finally, the relative performance of different isotherm models for heavy metal adsorption is compared, and the future research gaps are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Md Faysal Hossain
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengyu Duan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Md Shoffikul Islam
- Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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35
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Musarurwa H, Tavengwa NT. Cellulose composites tethered with smartness and their application during wastewater remediation. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Godiya CB, Revadekar C, Kim J, Park BJ. Amine-bilayer-functionalized cellulose-chitosan composite hydrogel for the efficient uptake of hazardous metal cations and catalysis in polluted water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129112. [PMID: 35605498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we represent a novel ecofriendly bilayer-amine group incorporated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)/chitosan (CS) hydrogel, fabricated via integrating polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) for reliable and effective extraction of copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+), and nickel (Ni2+) ions from effluents. Owing to abundant adsorptive sites, the MCC-PDA-PEI/CS-PDA-PEI hydrogel showed excellent Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ adsorbabilities of ~434.8, ~277.7, and ~261.8 mg/g, respectively, in a single-ion adsorption system with the adsorption kinetics and isotherm complied with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. In a multi-ion adsorption system, hydrogel removes mixed metal cations with slightly higher selectivity for Cu2+. In accordance with X-ray photoelectron and Fourier-transform-infrared spectrometric analyses, a plausible binding mechanism of metal cations on the as-prepared hydrogel was proposed by chelation between hydrogel functional groups and metal ions. In the repetitive adsorption/desorption experiments, the hydrogel retained >40% metal ion adsorption and desorption capacities after four cycles. Furthermore, the Cu2+-adsorbing hydrogel could serve as a support for the in situ development of Cu nanoparticles, which showed excellent catalytic performance as demonstrated by the transformation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol. This work provides a novel ecofriendly, reusable, and highly-efficient adsorbent, as well as a biocatalyst for remediation of heavy metal cations and 4-NP polluted effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Batukbhai Godiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
| | - Chetan Revadekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Bum Jun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
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37
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Bakhtiari S, Shahrashoub M, Keyhanpour A. A comprehensive study on single and competitive adsorption-desorption of copper and cadmium using eco-friendly magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Wang Q, Li L, Kong L, Cai G, Wang P, Zhang J, Zuo W, Tian Y. Compressible amino-modified carboxymethyl chitosan aerogel for efficient Cu(II) adsorption from wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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39
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Wang Z, Su J, Ali A, Yang W, Zhang R, Li Y, Zhang L, Li J. Chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan mimic biomineralization and promote microbially induced calcium precipitation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Yang C, Yang HR, Li SS, An QD, Zhai SR, Xiao ZY. Rationally designed carboxymethylcellulose-based sorbents crosslinked by targeted ions for static and dynamic capture of heavy metals: Easy recovery and affinity mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 625:651-663. [PMID: 35764045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A separable spherical bio-adsorbent (CMC-Cr) was prepared for capturing heavy metal ions by simple coordination and cross-linking between targeted ions of Cr3+ and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). A simple alternation of the CMC incorporation allowed the interconnected networks within the microspheres of preformed solid CMC to be adjusted. The excellent network structure could achieve the maximum collision between the adsorbent and the heavy metal cations in the wastewater. Through investigations, CMC-Cr-2 beads were determined as the optimal adsorbent. The adsorption performance of novel materials was evaluated by examining their adsorption behavior on Pb(II) and Co(II) under both static and dynamic conditions. The results showed that the adsorption behavior of CMC-Cr-2 beads on both two heavy metal cations could be fully reflected by the Freundlich model. Under the theoretical conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities were 97.26 and 144.74 mg/g. The kinetic results for the adsorption of two heavy metal cations on CMC-Cr-2 beads were consistent with the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, the correlation coefficient of the Thomas model was significant in the dynamic adsorption performance tests. Five regeneration cycle studies were successfully carried out on CMC-Cr-2 beads to evaluate reusability and stability. The applicability of CMC-Cr-2 beads in authentic aqueous solutions (both the single and binary pollutant systems) was also studied, and the results indicated that CMC-Cr-2 beads had a high potential for practical implementation. Furthermore, by analyzing the surface interactions of two heavy metal cations with the CMC-Cr-2 beads based on FTIR and XPS characterization, a basic understanding of the interaction between bio-sorbents and pollutants in wastewater can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hua-Rong Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Jinxi Research Institute of Chemical Industry Company Limited, Huludao 125000, China
| | - Qing-Da An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shang-Ru Zhai
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Zuo-Yi Xiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry and Biomaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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41
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Musarurwa H, Tavengwa NT. Stimuli-responsive polymers and their applications in separation science. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Ihsanullah I, Sajid M, Khan S, Bilal M. Aerogel-based adsorbents as emerging materials for the removal of heavy metals from water: Progress, challenges, and prospects. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Yang L, Shang J, Dou B, Lan J, Zhang C, Zou R, Xiao H, Lin S. CO 2-responsive functional cotton fibers decorated with Ag nanoparticles for "smart" selective and enhanced dye adsorption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128327. [PMID: 35093744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel Ag nanoparticles (NPs) decorated CO2-responsive cotton fiber (PCCF@Ag) as eco-friendly adsorbent was prepared via in-situ growth of Ag NPs on the poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-4-acryloyloxybenzophenone) coated cotton fiber. The as-prepared PCCF@Ag displayed excellent adsorption performance toward both anionic and cationic dyes with or without CO2 stimulation, even under a wide range of pH from 3 to 11. The maximum adsorption capacities of the as-prepared PCCF@Ag toward anionic dye (1538.5 mg g-1 for MO) and cationic dyes (944.0 mg g-1 for MEB and 415.6 mg g-1 for NR) were satisfactory. The adsorption processes were described better by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Notably, upon CO2 stimulation, the PCCF@Ag exhibited significantly enhanced adsorption capacity toward anionic dyes, following ultrafast adsorption rate, which made the PCCF@Ag could selectively adsorb anionic dyes from mixture because of greatly different adsorption rates between anionic dyes (adsorption equilibrium within 2 min) and cationic dyes (adsorption equilibrium over 12 h). Additionally, the PCCF@Ag could maintain over 91.0% of adsorption capacity even after ten cycles, indicating its outstanding reusability. Meanwhile, the as-obtained PCCF@Ag exhibited excellent antibacterial activity. Overall, the as-obtained PCCF@Ag could be considered as a promising dye scavenger for wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jiaojiao Shang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Baojie Dou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Jianwu Lan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Rui Zou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Shaojian Lin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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Ding Y, Liu D, Luo D, Sun X, Mei J, Wang S, Li Z. Rapid one-step preparation of a carboxymethyl chitosan gel with a novel crosslinker for efficient adsorption of Sr2+. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Highly efficient Cd(II) removal using macromolecular dithiocarbamate/slag-based geopolymer composite microspheres (SGM-MDTC). Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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46
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Sasidharan R, Kumar A. Magnetic adsorbent developed with alkali-thermal pretreated biogas slurry solids for the removal of heavy metals: optimization, kinetic, and equilibrium study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30217-30232. [PMID: 35000179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of effluents containing heavy metal without adequate treatment causes contamination of water resources and creates environmental and health issues. Adsorption could be applied to remediate heavy metals from wastewater effectively. In this study, a low-cost adsorbent was prepared by magnetic modification of pretreated biogas slurry solids (BSS) to remove heavy metals such as Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. The temperature (423 K) and time (1.5 h) of pretreatment, the BSS to KOH ratio (1:10 w/v), and the ratio of magnetic iron nanoparticle (MIN) to pretreated BSS (PSS) (1:2 w/w) were optimized for the preparation of adsorbent. The magnetically modified pretreated biogas slurry solid (MMPSS) adsorbent was characterized by BET isotherm, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, VSM, and EDX analysis. MMPSS attained equilibrium at 60 min and showed an adsorption capacity of 26.84 mg/g, 24.79 mg/g, and 23.86 mg/g with removal percentages 89.46%, 82.63%, and 79.54% for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, respectively, at 310 K and pH 6 with an initial concentration of 150 mg/L. The adsorption process followed a pseudo second-order model with an R2 value above 0.9 for all metals with a well-approaching equilibrium pattern. The good fit of experimental data by the Langmuir isotherm model implied monolayer adsorption. The metal ions adsorbed onto MMPSS were able to desorb effectively in the presence of HCl and retained 83.01%, 84.66%, and 81.83% of the initial adsorption capacity for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ respectively after 5 consecutive cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Sasidharan
- Environmental Pollution Abatement Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India, 769008.
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Environmental Pollution Abatement Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India, 769008
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Cationic surface-modified regenerated nanocellulose hydrogel for efficient Cr(VI) remediation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118930. [PMID: 34973748 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because nanocellulose has a large specific surface area and abundant hydroxyl functional groups due to its unique nanomorphology, interest increases as an eco-friendly water treatment material. However, the distinctive properties of nanocellulose, which exists in a dispersion state, strongly hamper its usage in practical water treatment processes. Additionally, nanocellulose shows low performance in removing anionic pollutants because of its anionic characteristics. In an effort to address this challenge, regenerated cellulose (RC) hydrogel was fabricated through cellulose's dissolution and regeneration process using an eco-friendly aqueous solvent system. Subsequently, a crosslinking process was carried out to introduce the cationic functional groups to the RC surface PEI coating (P/RC). As a result, the PEI surface cationization process improved the mechanical rigidity of RC and showed an excellent Cr(VI) removal capacity of 578 mg/g. In addition, the prepared P/RC maintained more than 90% removal efficiency even after seven reuses.
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Karimi F, Ayati A, Tanhaei B, Sanati AL, Afshar S, Kardan A, Dabirifar Z, Karaman C. Removal of metal ions using a new magnetic chitosan nano-bio-adsorbent; A powerful approach in water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111753. [PMID: 34331923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a magnetic chitosan/Al2O3/Fe3O4 (M-Cs) nanocomposite was developed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) functionalization to enhance its adsorption behavior for the removal of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal ions from aqueous solution. The results revealed that the EDTA functionalization of M-Cs increased its adsorption capacity ~9.1, ~5.6 and ~14.3 times toward Cu, Cd and Zn ions. The maximum adsorption capacity followed the order of Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) and the maximum adsorption efficiency was achieved at pH of 5.3 with the removal percentage of 99.98, 93.69 and 83.81 %, respectively, for the removal of Cu, Cd and Zn ions. The metal ions adsorption kinetic obeyed pseudo-second-order equation and the Langmuir isothermal was found the most fitted model for their adsorption isothermal experimental data. In addition, the thermodynamic study illustrated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran.
| | - Ali Ayati
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran
| | - Bahareh Tanhaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran.
| | - Afsaneh L Sanati
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Safoora Afshar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran
| | - Alireza Kardan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran
| | - Zeynab Dabirifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran
| | - Ceren Karaman
- Akdeniz University, Department of Electricity and Energy, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
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Wang X, Shi J, Zhuang J, Chen C, Ouyang K, Xu M, Xu Z. Characterization and evaluation of adsorption potential of chitosan impregnated cellulose nanofiber / multi-walled carbon nanotubes aerogel for copper ions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05244f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of aerogel materials with high preparation efficiency, no pollution, and high adsorption efficiency was still an effective solution for water pollution caused by heavy metal ions. This paper...
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50
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Abousalman-Rezvani Z, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Riazi H, Abousalman-Rezvani O. Water treatment using stimuli-responsive polymers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00992g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers are a new category of smart materials used in water treatment via a stimuli-induced purification process and subsequent regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abousalman-Rezvani
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- CSIRO, Manufacturing–Biomedical Manufacturing, Ian Wark Laboratory, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box: 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Riazi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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