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Fan X, Wu X, Wang X, Zheng L, Liu Y, Zhang D. Eliminating the stabilizer antagonistic effects for efficiently stabilizing Pb and As co-contaminated soil by innovative stepwise steam flash heating. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134627. [PMID: 38776818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Chemical stabilization is frequently used to stabilize lead (Pb) or arsenate (As), but faces challenges in Pb-As co-contaminated soils because of the antagonistic reactions between chemical stabilizers and contaminants. In this work, we innovated an effective and cost-efficient stepwise steam flash heating (SSFH) strategy to simultaneously immobilize Pb and As, and unraveled the underlying mechanisms. The combination of 1.5% Ca(H2PO4)2 and 2% Fe2(SO4)3 only decreased 1.99% Pb by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP-Pb) but increased 17.8% of TCLP-As due to the antagonistic effects. SSFH with Ca(H2PO4)2 in the first step and Fe2(SO4)3 in the second step achieved the minimal TCLP-Pb and TCLP-As of 0.778 and 0.327 mg/L, respectively. It also reduced 69.8% of leachable As in 100-year acid rain simulation, indicating a favorable long-term stabilization performance. Additionally, SSFH approach reduced 43.2% stabilizer dosage and 14.9% cost. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) documented that the stepwise SFH promoted the transformation of Pb(NO3)2 and NaAsO2/NaAsO3/As2O3/As2O5 into stable Pb3(PO4)2 and FeAsO4, preventing the formation of AsO43- and FePO4. Our findings proved the state-of-the-art SSFH approach and unraveled its mechanisms to stabilize Pb and As co-contamination in soils, offering a green and sustainable remediation alternative for the management of heavy metal contaminated sites. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: A novel stepwise SFH approach can be applied to overcome the stabilizer antagonist effects by separately immobilizing Pb and As in two sequential steps. It also decreased 43.2% of stabilizer dosage and 14.9% of cost comparing to conventional chemical stabilization. This approach can be used for other metal co-contaminated soils facing similar antagonistic challenges, and our work raises a state-of-the-art solution for cost-effective, green and sustainable remediation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Fan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, PR China
| | - Xinzi Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, PR China.
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2
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Yuan Z, Peng A, Chu Z, Zhang X, Huang H, Mi Y, Xia D, Wu X, Ye Z, Tao Y, Yan X. Sustainable remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil by soil washing and subsequent recovery of washing agents using biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171107. [PMID: 38387560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination by Cr(VI) has attracted widespread attention globally in recent years, but it remains a significant challenge in developing an environmentally friendly and eco-sustainable technique for the disposal of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. Herein, a sustainable cyclic soil washing system for Cr(VI)-polluted soil remediation and the recovery of washing agents using biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI-BC) was established. Citric acid (CA) was initially screened to desorb Cr(VI) from contaminated soil, mobilizing Cr from the highly bioaccessible fractions. The nZVI-BC exhibited superior properties for Cr(VI) and Cr(total) removal from spent effluent, allowing effective recovery of the washing agents. The elimination mechanism of Cr(total) by nZVI-BC involved the coordinated actions of electrostatic adsorption, reduction, and co-precipitation. The contributions to Cr(VI) reduction by Fe0, surface-bound Fe(II), and soluble Fe(II) were 0.6 %, 39.8 %, and 59.6 %, respectively. Meanwhile, CA favored the activity of surface-bound Fe(II) and Fe0 in nZVI-BC, enhancing the production of soluble Fe(II) to strengthen Cr(VI) removal. Finally, the recovered washing agent was proven to be reused three times. This study showcases that the combined soil washing using biodegradable chelant CA and effluent treatment by nZVI-BC could be a sustainable and promising strategy for Cr(VI)-contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yuan
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Aifang Peng
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Zhaopeng Chu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - He Huang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Yuanzhu Mi
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Clean Production of Textile Printing and Dyeing, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434103, PR China
| | - Zhihong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Yufang Tao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China.
| | - Xuemin Yan
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China.
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3
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Zhao R, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Li J, Guo B, Oyama K, Tokoro C. Influence of elevated temperature on the species and mobility of chromium in ferrous sulfate-amended contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120457. [PMID: 38503231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) combined with acid pretreatment is usually employed to remediate contaminated soils containing Cr(VI). However, the long-term efficiency of this stabilization method is important for its sustainability. In this study, a gradient temperature-elevating exposure test was employed to investigate the stability of Cr in FeSO4-remediated soil when exposed to elevated temperatures (40 °C, 120 °C, and 500 °C), possibly caused by hot weather and/or wildfires. The results of chemical extraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) showed that the Cr(VI) in contaminated soil was successfully transformed to Cr(III) after stabilization, resulting in the dramatic decrease of water-leachable Cr(VI). The stabilization efficiency was further improved under 40 °C treatment after 30 days. Subsequently, the 120 °C treatment (7 days) had relatively little effect on the Cr speciation and mobility in soils. However, even one day of 500 °C calcination resulted in the deterioration of stabilization efficiency, and the water-leachable Cr(VI) re-increased and became higher than the Chinese environmental standards (total Cr 15 mg/L, Cr(VI) 5 mg/L) for the classification of hazardous solid wastes. XANES results reflected that heating at 500 °C facilitate the formation of Cr2O3, which was mainly caused by thermal decomposition and dehydration of Cr(OH)3 in the soil. Besides, the transformation of Cr species resulted in the enhanced association of Cr with the most stable residual fraction (88.3%-91.6%) in soil. Based on chemical extraction results, it was suggested that the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) contributed to the re-increased mobility of Cr(VI) in soil. However, the XANES results showed that almost no significant re-oxidization of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) happened after heating at 500 °C, which was probably caused by XANES linear combination fits (LCF) uncertainties. Moreover, the changes in soil properties, including a rise in pH to a slightly alkaline range and/or the decomposition of organic matter, possibly contributed to the enhanced mobility of Cr(VI) in soil. This study contributes to clarifying the mobility and transformation of Cr in contaminated soils and provides a support for the sustainable management of remediated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Zhao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China
| | - Xinqing Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510650, China
| | - Jining Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, 210023, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510650, China.
| | - Binglin Guo
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui province, 230009, China.
| | - Keishi Oyama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tokoro
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan; Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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4
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Qin X, Guinoiseau D, Ren Z, Benedetti MF. Redox control of chromium in the red soils from China evidenced by Cr stable isotopes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133406. [PMID: 38194769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
With chromium isotopes, we study the intricate dynamics of adsorption and redox processes in soil ecosystems, focusing on chromium's behaviour, in red soil profiles enriched with iron-manganese nodules (FMNs) in South China. Key findings reveal that the primary geological source of chromium in the red soil profiles is the weathering of colluvium parent minerals. FMNs have higher chromium concentrations (325-1451 µg/g) compared to surrounding soils (95-247 µg/g) and display stable δ53Cr values (0.78 ± 0.17‰), indicating their role as stable chromium repositories, reflecting historical processes. Furthermore, by isolating chromium associated with iron oxides (FeO) and silicate minerals (ReS) within FMNs and surrounding soils using CBD extractions, we show that FeO predominantly carry chromium, particularly in FMNs. The δ53Cr values of FeO fractions consistently exhibit heavier signatures than ReS fractions, suggesting the sequestration of isotopically heavy chromium (VI) during Fe oxide precipitation. Fluctuations in soil's redox, rather than land use, play a pivotal role in controlling the precipitation of Fe oxides in surrounding soils and the formation of FMNs, thus influencing chromium mobility. This highlights the significance of these factors when utilizing chromium isotopic techniques for source tracking in soil systems, contributing to our understanding of chromium's behaviour in soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Qin
- Université Paris Cité - Institut de Physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Zongling Ren
- Department of Soil Science, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Marc F Benedetti
- Université Paris Cité - Institut de Physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F75005 Paris, France.
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5
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Tan X, Qi F, Liu Q, Qie H, Duan G, Lin A, Liu M, Xiao Y. Is Cr(III) re-oxidation occurring in Cr-contaminated soils after remediation: Meta-analysis and machine learning prediction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133342. [PMID: 38150755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Whether Cr(III) in Cr(III)-containing sites formed after Cr(VI) reduction and stabilization remediation are re-oxidized and pose toxicity risks again has been a growing concern. In this study, 1030 data were collected to perform a meta-analysis to clarify the effects of various factors (oxidant type, soil and Cr(III) solid compound properties, aging conditions, and testing methods) on Cr(III) oxidation. We observed that the soil properties of clay, pH ≥ 8, the lower CEC capacity, easily reducible Mn content, and Cr(III) content, and the higher Eh value and Fe content can promote the re-oxidation of Cr(III). Publication bias and sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability and reliability of the meta-analysis. Subsequently, we used five machine learning algorithms to construct and optimize the models. The prediction results of the RF model (RMSE <1.36, R2 >0.71) with good algorithm performance showed that after ten years of remediation, the extractable Cr(VI) concentration in the soil was 0.0087 mg/L, indicating a negligible secondary pollution risk of Cr(III) re-oxidation. This study provides theoretical support for subsequent risk management and control after Cr(VI) soil remediation and provides a solution for the quantitative prediction of Cr(III) re-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hantong Qie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Ma S, Yuan W, Gao M, Li T, Wei Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Li A, Zhao B. Development of a Multifaceted Perspective for Systematic Analysis, Assessment, and Performance for Environmental Standards of Contaminated Sites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3078-3091. [PMID: 38284061 PMCID: PMC10809668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Contaminated soil and groundwater can pose significant risks to human health and ecological environments, making the remediation of contaminated sites a pressing and sustained challenge. It is significant to identify key performance indicators and advance environmental management standards of contaminated sites. The traditional study currently focuses on the inflexible collection of related files and displays configurable limitations regarding integrated assessment and in-depth analysis of published standards. In addition, there is a relative lack of research focusing on the analysis of different types of standard documents. Herein, we introduce a cross-systematic retrospective and review for the development of standards of the contaminated sites, including the comprehensive framework, multifaceted analysis, and improved suggestion of soil and groundwater standards related to the environment. The classification and structural characteristics of different types of files are systematically analyzed of over 300 national, trade, local, and group standards for the contaminated sites. It exhibits that trade standards are the main types and testing methods are the important format within numerical considerations of soil standards. The guide standard serves as a crucial component in environmental management for investigating, assessing, and remediating of contaminated sites. Future improvement plans and development directions are proposed for advancing robust technical support for effective soil contamination prevention and control. This multidimensional analysis and the accompanying suggestions can provide improved guidance for Chinese environmental management of contaminated sites and sparkle the application of standards in a wide range of countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Shaobing Ma
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Wenchao Yuan
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- China
Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yanna Xiong
- Technical
Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Aiyang Li
- Chinese
Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute
of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
- Norwegian
University of Life Sciences, Department
of Environmental Sciences, 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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7
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Han L, Gu H, Lu W, Li H, Peng WX, Ling Ma N, Lam SS, Sonne C. Progress in phytoremediation of chromium from the environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140307. [PMID: 37769918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
As chromium (Cr) in ecosystems affects human health through food chain exposure, phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and efficient way to reduce chromium pollution in the environment. Here, we review the mechanism of absorption, translocation, storage, detoxification, and regulation of Cr in plants. The Cr(VI) form is more soluble, mobile, and toxic than Cr(III), reflecting how various valence states of Cr affect environmental risk characteristics, physicochemical properties, toxicity, and plant uptake. Plant root's response to Cr exposure leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis. Cell wall immobilization, vacuole compartmentation, interaction of defense proteins and organic ligand with Cr, and removal of reactive oxygen species by antioxidants continue plant life. In addition, the combined application of microorganisms, genetic engineering, and the addition of organic acids, nanoparticles, fertilization, soil amendments, and other metals could accelerate the phytoremediation process. This review provides efficient methods to investigate and understand the complex changes of Cr metabolism in plants. Preferably, fast-growing, abundantly available biomass species should be modified to mitigate Cr pollution in the environment as these green and efficient remediation technologies are necessary for the protection of soil and water ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhuo Han
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hanyin Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Wan-Xi Peng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- BIOSES Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, 21030, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
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8
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Wang Z, He X, Li X, Chen L, Tang T, Cui G, Zhang Q, Liu Y. Long-term stability and toxicity effects of three-dimensional electrokinetic remediation on chromium-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122461. [PMID: 37689131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional electrokinetic remediation (3D EKR) achieved efficient removal of chromium (Cr) from the soil through mechanisms including electromigration, electroosmosis, and redox reactions. In this study, the long-term stability, leaching toxicity, bioavailability, and phytotoxicity of Cr in remediated soils were systematically analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of the 3D EKR method. The results showed that the concentration of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in the leachate of the 3D EKR system with sulfidated nano-scale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) was more than 40% lower than those of the other 3D electrode groups, and the time required to reach the level III standard of groundwater quality criterion in China (0.05 mg/L, GB/T 14848-2017) was significantly shortened. The stabilization of Cr(VI) in contaminated soil after 3D EKR was maintained for 300 pore volumes (PVs), indicating that the treated Cr(VI) had good long-term stability. The leaching toxicity and bioaccessibility of Cr were assessed by the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and the physiologically based extraction test (PBET). The concentration of Cr(VI) in the SPLP, TCLP, and PBET leachates of the S-nZVI group decreased by more than 25% compared to the other 3D electrode groups, corresponding to the decrease in leaching toxicity and bioavailability of the treated Cr during the 15-day remediation period. In addition, the germination rate of wheat seeds and the average biomass of wheat seedlings in the S-nZVI group under alkaline conditions (EE) were higher than those in the non-polluting group (Blank-OH), indicating that the remediated soil had no obvious toxicity to wheat. In summary, 3D EKR achieved a satisfactory and stable remediation effect on Cr-contaminated soil, especially when using S-nZVI as the 3D electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiao He
- China MCC5 Group Corp. Ltd., Chengdu, 610063, China
| | - Xin Li
- Ecological Environment Consulting Department, Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Liuzhou Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tian Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guodong Cui
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yangsheng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing 100871, China.
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9
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Liu J, Sun S, Zhang H, Kong Q, Li Q, Yao X. Remediation materials for the immobilization of hexavalent chromium in contaminated soil: Preparation, applications, and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116918. [PMID: 37611786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium is a toxic metal that can induce severe chromium contamination of soil, posing a potential risk to human health and ecosystems. In recent years, the immobilization of Cr(VI) using remediation materials including inorganic materials, organic materials, microbial agents, and composites has exhibited great potential in remediating Cr(VI)-contaminated soil owing to the environmental-friendliness, short period, simple operation, low cost, applicability on an industrial scale, and high efficiency of these materials. Therefore, a systematical summary of the current progress on various remediation materials is essential. This work introduces the production (sources) of remediation materials and examines their characteristics in detail. Additionally, a critical summary of recent research on the utilization of remediation materials for the stabilization of Cr(VI) in the soil is provided, together with an evaluation of their remediation efficiencies toward Cr(VI). The influences of remediation material applications on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and plant growth are summarized. The immobilization mechanisms of remediation materials toward Cr(VI) in the soil are illuminated. Importantly, this study evaluates the feasibility of each remediation material application for Cr(VI) remediation. The latest knowledge on the development of remediation materials for the immobilization of Cr(VI) in the soil is also presented. Overall, this review will provide a reference for the development of remediation materials and their application in remediating Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Shuyu Sun
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, Shandong, 257092, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Modern Agriculture and Environment, Weifang Institute of Technology, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Project Department, Shandong Luqiao Detection Technology Co., Ltd., Rizhao, Shandong, 276800, China
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10
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He Q, He Y, Zhang Z, Ou GZ, Zhu KF, Lou W, Zhang KN, Chen YG, Ye WM. Spatiotemporal distribution and pollution control of pollutants in a Cr(VI)-contaminated site located in Southern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139897. [PMID: 37604342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil and groundwater Cr(VI) pollution resulting from improper disposal and accidental spills is a critical problem worldwide. In this study, a comprehensive study was conducted to assess the hydrogeological conditions of a contaminated site, obtain spatiotemporal distribution and trend forecasts of pollutant Cr(VI), and determine the feasibility of applying clayey engineered barriers for pollution control. The results showed that the hydraulic conductivity (K) of the clayey barrier (1.56E-5 m/d) is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the stratum beneath the contaminated site, with K values ranging from 0.0014 to 4.76 m/d. Cr(VI) exhibits high mobility and a much higher concentration in the vadose zone, with maximum values of 6100 mg/kg in topsoil and 2090 mg/L in the perched aquifer. The simulation results indicated that the groundwater in the vicinity of the contaminated site, as well as downstream of the Lianshui River, is seriously threatened by Cr(VI). Notably, the pollution plume could occur downstream of the Lianshui River after 8 years. The retention efficiency of clayey engineered barriers will decrease over time, at 61.6% after 8 years and 33% after 20 years. This work contributes to an in-depth understanding of Cr(VI) migration at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi He
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, PR China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, PR China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, PR China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ge-Zhi Ou
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, PR China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Kao-Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, PR China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wei Lou
- Hunan HIKEE Environmental Technology CO., Ltd., Changsha, 410221, China
| | - Ke-Neng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, PR China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yong-Gui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education and Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Wei-Min Ye
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education and Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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11
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Wang X, Liu Y, Liu B. Vertical migration in the soil of Cr(VI) and chromite ore processing residue: Field sampling and benchtop simulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132052. [PMID: 37454486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) keeps releasing Cr(VI) over time, and the mixing of residual COPR into soil makes the remediation of COPR-contaminated sites challenging. In this study, a sample of COPR and two soil profiles were collected from a typical historical COPR-contaminated site, and the vertical migration of Cr(VI) and COPR particles in contaminated soil was simulated in the laboratory. Cr(VI) was detected in the upper layer of the field samples at thousands of milligrams per kilogram even after decades of aging, and it can be leached out and migrate vertically deep into the surrounding soil and groundwater. In the COPR-containing soil, more diverse hydrated minerals of brownmillerite were produced than the COPR in the open air on the site. Minerals with high Cr content in COPR-containing soils have a relatively high proportion of particles smaller than 10 µm. COPR particles smaller than 5 µm were found to have migrated downward into the deep soil. During simulated one-year of precipitation, 578.9 mg Cr(VI)/kg was leached from COPR, while 35.5% of the COPR particles smaller than 5 µm had the potential to migrate vertically. The management of COPR particles should be emphasized during risk management or remediation of COPR-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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12
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Qu Z, Huang L, Guo M, Sun T, Xu X, Gao Z. Application of novel polypyrrole/melamine foam auxiliary electrode in promoting electrokinetic remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162840. [PMID: 36924972 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lihui Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Jinan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoshen Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhenhui Gao
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics of Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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13
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Wang L, Luo Y, Pang J, Li Y, Wu H, Jiang X, Tong J, Shi J. Fe-biochar for simultaneous stabilization of chromium and arsenic in soil: Rational design and long-term performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160843. [PMID: 36521603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excess chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) coexist in soil such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA) contaminated sites, leading to high risks of pollution. Fe-biochar with adjustable redox activity offers the possibility of simultaneous stabilization of Cr and As. Here, a series of Fe-biochar with distinct Fe/C structure were rationally produced for the remediation of Cr and As contaminated soil (BCX-Fe, X represented the biomass/Fe ratio). Adsorption tests showed that maximal adsorption of BC5-Fe for Cr(VI) and As(III) reached 73.7 and 81.3 mg/g. A 90-day soil remediation experiment indicated that the introduction of 3% (w/w) Fe-biochar reduced the leaching state of Cr(VI) by 93.8-99.7% and As by 75.2-95.6%. Under simulated groundwater erosion for 10 years and acid rain leaching for 7.5 years, the release levels of Cr(VI) and As in the BC5-Fe remediated soil could meet the groundwater class IV standard in China (Cr(VI)<0.1 mg/L, As<0.05 mg/L). Accelerated aging tests demonstrated that BC5-Fe had long-term Cr and As stabilization ability. The quenching experiment, EPR, and XPS suggested that the corrosion products of Fe dominated the adsorption and redox reactions, while the O groups acted as electron transfer stations and constituted redox microcirculation in the synchronous uptake of Cr/As. Based on these insights, we believe that our study will provide meaningful information about the application potential of Fe-biochar for the heavy metal contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubin Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yating Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingli Pang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanxin Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhao Tong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiyan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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14
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Zhao D, Liu X, Zhao B, Xue J, Yan Z, Hong Z, Zhai G, Peng M, Zhang W, Hu L, Mao L. Preparation of a novel iron oxychloride (FeOCl) auxiliary electrode in promoting electrokinetic remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil: An experimental and DFT calculation analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130152. [PMID: 36244104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of auxiliary electrode can improve substantially the electrokinetic remediation efficiency of heavy metal contaminated soil. The increase in the auxiliary electrode performance is the key to further promote the electrokinetic remediation efficiency. In this study, two kinds of auxiliary electrodes, pure FeOCl and doped FeOCl with W and S, were prepared and used in the electrokinetic remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil. The system equipped with the auxiliary electrode doped FeOCl brought more stable system current (202 mA) and more uniform electric field than blank group (130 mA). The reduction rate of Cr(VI) was increased by 50% due to the presence of Fe2+ and S2-. The accelerating migration of ions by auxiliary electrode was responsible for the improvement in electrokinetic remediation efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed that Cl vacancy formation energies of pure FeOCl, S-doped FeOCl (S/FeOCl) and W-doped FeOCl (W/FeOCl) were 1.29, 1.15 and 1.49 eV respectively, and the ion diffusion barriers were 0.093, 0.099 and 0.148 eV respectively. Calculation results indicated that the doping of S was conducive to the diffusion of Cl ions, and the bonding of W-Cl was stronger than Fe-Cl. The charging and discharging process of auxiliary electrode became easier due to the formation of lower vacancy in S-doped FeOCl, which could bring a higher current for the electrokinetic remediation system. The electrochemical performance of FeOCl doped with W and S was improved obviously. This study provided a further explanation for the positive role of auxiliary electrode in electrokinetic remediation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Bincheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jinhui Xue
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhuang Yan
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ziwen Hong
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guangqun Zhai
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mingguo Peng
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Linchao Hu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Linqiang Mao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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15
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Ni X, Zhao G, Ye S, Li G, Yuan H, He L, Su D, Ding X, Xie L, Pei S, Laws EA. Spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the sediment and soils of the Yancheng coastal ecosystem and associated ecological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:18843-18860. [PMID: 36219297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies of heavy metal pollution are essential for the protection of coastal environments. In this study, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a GeoDetector model were used to evaluate the sources of heavy metal contamination and associated ecological risks along the Yancheng Coastal Wetland. The distribution of heavy metals was shown to be greatly affected by clay content, except for Cr in shoal. Components from 6.5 to 9φ have the strongest ability to absorb heavy metals, where the effects of Cd and Zn sequestration in the wetlands were most apparent. The abilities of various wetland environments to sequester heavy metals were shown to be Spartina alterniflora wetland > woodland > Phragmites australis wetland > aquaculture pond > shoal > paddy > meadow > dry land. The sources of the heavy metals included parent soil material (59%), agriculture (15%), and industrial pollutants (26%). According to the single-factor pollution index, there was no evidence of pollution except Cr and Pb. In general, the heavy metal pollution was insignificant. The order of pollution loading index was shoal > paddy field > dry land > Spartina Alterniflora wetland > aquaculture ponds > woodland > meadow > Phragmites australis wetland. The ecological harm of heavy metal exposure was slight except for Cd and Hg, where vehicle emissions appeared to be the main cause of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ni
- College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zhao
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siyuan Ye
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangxue Li
- College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Yuan
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Su
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xigui Ding
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liujuan Xie
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Pei
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetlands Biogeosciences, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Edward A Laws
- College of the Coast & Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4110, USA
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16
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Feng H, Cheng J. Whole-Process Risk Management of Soil Amendments for Remediation of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1869. [PMID: 36767236 PMCID: PMC9914875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils by adding exogenous materials is a technology for remediating soils contaminated with heavy metals. Unlike industrial sites, the use of such techniques in agricultural soils requires consideration of not only reducing the mobility of heavy metals but also avoiding adverse effects on soil fertility and the growth of plants. Due to the uncertainty of the stability of amendments applied to agricultural soil, the application of amendments in farmland soil is controversial. This article reviewed the field studies in which amendments were used to immobilize heavy metals, and identified the potential environmental impacts of all aspects of soil amendment usage, including production and processing, transportation, storage, application to soil, long-term stability, and plant absorption. Results of the study indicated that after identifying the environmental risks of the whole process of the application of improvers in agricultural fields, it is necessary to classify the risks according to their characteristics, and design differentiated risk control measures for the safe application of this type of technology.
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Rashid MS, Liu G, Yousaf B, Hamid Y, Rehman A, Arif M, Ahmed R, Ashraf A, Song Y. A critical review on biochar-assisted free radicals mediated redox reactions influencing transformation of potentially toxic metals: Occurrence, formation, and environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120335. [PMID: 36202269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic metals have become a viable threat to the ecosystem due to their carcinogenic nature. Biochar has gained substantial interest due to its redox-mediated processes and redox-active metals. Biochar has the capacity to directly adsorb the pollutants from contaminated environments through several mechanisms such as coprecipitation, complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction. Biochar's electron-mediating potential may be influenced by the cyclic transition of surface moieties and conjugated carbon structures. Thus, pyrolysis configuration, biomass material, retention time, oxygen flow, and heating time also affect biochar's redox properties. Generally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exist as free radicals (FRs) in radical and non-radical forms, i.e., hydroxyl radical, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen. Heavy metals are involved in the production of FRs during redox-mediated reactions, which may contribute to ROS formation. This review aims to critically evaluate the redox-mediated characteristics of biochar produced from various biomass feedstocks under different pyrolysis conditions. In addition, we assessed the impact of biochar-assisted FRs redox-mediated processes on heavy metal immobilization and mobility. We also revealed new insights into the function of FRs in biochar and its potential uses for environment-friendly remediation and reducing the dependency on fossil-based materials, utilizing local residual biomass as a raw material in terms of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
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18
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Zhang W, Zhu Y, Gu R, Liang Z, Xu W, Jat Baloch MY. Health Risk Assessment during In Situ Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Groundwater by Permeable Reactive Barriers: A Field-Scale Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013079. [PMID: 36293661 PMCID: PMC9603126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of residual Cr(VI) in soils causes groundwater contamination in aquifers, affecting the health of exposed populations. Initially, permeable reactive barriers(PRB) effectively removed Cr(VI) from groundwater. However, as PRB clogging increased and Cr(VI) was released from upstream soils, the contamination plume continued to spread downstream. By 2020, the level of contamination in the downstream was nearly identical to that in the upstream. The study results show that during normal operation, the PRB can successfully remove Cr(VI) from contaminated groundwater and reduce the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans from the downstream side of groundwater. However, the remediated groundwater still poses an unacceptable risk to human health. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the concentration of the pollutant was the most sensitive parameter and interacted significantly with other factors. Ultimately, it was determined that the residual Cr(VI) in the soil of the study region continues to contaminate the groundwater and constitutes a serious health danger to residents in the vicinity. As remediated groundwater still poses a severe threat to human health, PRB may not be as effective as people believe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-057163743312
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruiting Gu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhentian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Chemical Geological Prospecting Institute of Liaoning Province Co., Ltd., Jinzhou 121007, China
| | - Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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19
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Zheng X, Xu W, Dong J, Yang T, Shangguan Z, Qu J, Li X, Tan X. The effects of biochar and its applications in the microbial remediation of contaminated soil: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129557. [PMID: 35999729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The amendment of biochar for soil bioremediation can improve soil conditions, influence soil microbial community, and achieve co-application of biochar-microbe to promote the removal of pollutants. This paper summarizes the positive effects of biochar on microorganisms, including acting as a shelter, providing nutrients, and improving soil conditions (soil aggregation, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and enzymatic activity). These effects will cause variations in microbial abundance, activity, and community structure. Biochar can act as an electron mediator to promote electron transfer in the process of microbial degradation. And the application of biochar in soil bioremediation is also introduced. Nevertheless, toxic substances carried by biochar that may threaten microbial community shouldn't be overlooked. With this review, we can better understand biochar's involvement in soil bioremediation, which will help us choose and modify biochar in a targeted manner for the desired purpose in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zichen Shangguan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jing Qu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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Kong X, Wang Y, Ma L, Li H, Han Z. Impact of δ-MnO 2 on the chemical speciation and fractionation of Cr(III) in contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45328-45337. [PMID: 35141831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of Cr(III) by birnessite (δ-MnO2) was an important geochemical reaction determining the toxicity and mobility of dissolved Cr(III) in soils. Herein, changes of Cr speciation and fractionation were systematically studied in Cr(III)-contaminated soils with δ-MnO2 in soil aging process. The results showed that Cr(III) could be rapidly oxidized to Cr (VI) by δ-MnO2, and the coating of Fe and Al oxides on δ-MnO2 had a strong hindering effect on the oxidation of Cr(III). The Cr(III) oxidation process by δ-MnO2 followed a two-phase model of pseudo first-order kinetics. The rapid decrease of oxidation rate constant in second phase was due to the coverage of adsorbed Cr(III) and newly generated Cr(VI) and Mn(II) on the active sites of δ-MnO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis further confirmed that the diffusion and adsorption of Cr(III) on the electron-accepting sites were important factors affecting the Cr(III) oxidation by δ-MnO2. Compared with the soils without δ-MnO2, high contents of Cr(VI) were generated in silt (22.30 mg/kg) and sandy soil (70.95 mg/kg) with 2 wt% δ-MnO2 after the addition of Cr(III) wastewater within 2 days, and the Cr(VI) contents were above 1 mg/kg in these two soils during the whole incubation process. Moreover, the total Cr proportion of the exchangeable fraction increased by 12.8% in silt and 5.2% in sandy soil with 2 wt% δ-MnO2 after soil aging for 120 days. The presence of δ-MnO2 markedly increased the oxidation potential and mobility of exogenous Cr(III) in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangke Kong
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Zhantao Han
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
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21
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Xu S, Li L, Zhan J, Guo X. Variation and factors on heavy metal speciation during co-composting of rural sewage sludge and typical rural organic solid waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 306:114418. [PMID: 34999283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a co-composting of rural organic solid waste (rural sewage sludge, kitchen waste and corn stalks) was conducted to analyze the variation of heavy metals (As, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg, and Zn) and their major influencing factors. During composting, significant changes were observed in the total contents of heavy metals (p < 0.01): the total concentrations of As, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn increased by 7.5%, 54.1%, 26.3%, 15.8%, and 34.2%, whereas that of Cr and Ni decreased by 71.3% and 33.4%, respectively. Heavy metals were mainly bound to the oxidizable and residual fractions. Spearman and Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that substances were significantly correlated with the changes in speciation of heavy metals, among all the factors, while pH and temperature were the dominating environmental influencing parameters. Several metal-resistant bacterial genera (Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Desulfovibrio, and Ochrobactrum, etc) were observed, with significant explanatory capacity for the changes in heavy metals. Composting showed a poor effect on heavy metal passivation, except for that of As. After composting, the heavy metal contents were consistent with the application standards. The evaluation of potential ecological risk showed a high cumulative ecological risk (336.9) of heavy metals. This study provides technical support and practical information for the disposal and safe recycling for rural organic solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xuesong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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