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Polito MP, Romaldini A, Rinaldo S, Enzo E. Coordinating energy metabolism and signaling pathways in epithelial self-renewal and differentiation. Biol Direct 2024; 19:63. [PMID: 39113077 PMCID: PMC11308432 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal stem cells (EPSCs) are essential for maintaining skin homeostasis and ensuring a proper wound healing. During in vitro cultivations, EPSCs give rise to transient amplifying progenitors and differentiated cells, finally forming a stratified epithelium that can be grafted onto patients. Epithelial grafts have been used in clinics to cure burned patients or patients affected by genetic diseases. The long-term success of these advanced therapies relies on the presence of a correct amount of EPSCs that guarantees long-term epithelial regeneration. For this reason, a deeper understanding of self-renewal and differentiation is fundamental to fostering their clinical applications.The coordination between energetic metabolism (e.g., glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and amino acid synthesis pathways), molecular signalling pathways (e.g., p63, YAP, FOXM1, AMPK/mTOR), and epigenetic modifications controls fundamental biological processes as proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. This review explores how these signalling and metabolic pathways are interconnected in the epithelial cells, highlighting the distinct metabolic demands and regulatory mechanisms involved in skin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Polito
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Alessio Romaldini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Elena Enzo
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy.
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2
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Yan L, Wang W, Qiu Y, Yu C, Wang R, Li C. Role of glucose metabolism reprogramming in keratinocytes in the link between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112704. [PMID: 39032466 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism linking psoriasis to metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains poorly understood. Recent reports indicate upregulation of glycolysis-related proteins in psoriatic keratinocytes (KCs). However, the role of glucose metabolism reprogramming in psoriatic KCs, psoriasis, and psoriasis with MetS remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed glucose metabolism reprogramming in psoriatic KCs by examining glycolysis-related genes, proteins, and metabolites. We found that inhibiting glucose metabolism reprogramming in psoriasiform KCs led to improvements in psoriasiform features. Notably, we observed enhanced glucose metabolism reprogramming in KCs within psoriatic skin lesions of patients with MetS. In vitro, high-glucose and high-fat culture intensified glucose metabolism reprogramming in psoriasiform KCs partially via the AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings highlight a strong link between the glycolytic switch and KC function and suggest that glucose metabolism reprogramming in KCs contributes to heightened psoriatic inflammation in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenqiu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxin Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chongli Yu
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Zhang P, Yang J, Liu X, Huang C, Tao Y, Shen P, Bai Z, Xiao C, Zhou L, Li G, Zhang L, Zhou W, Gao Y. FBP1 orchestrates keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation and suppresses psoriasis through metabolic control of histone acetylation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:392. [PMID: 38834617 PMCID: PMC11150480 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in epidermis are well-controlled and essential for reacting to stimuli such as ultraviolet light. Imbalance between proliferation and differentiation is a characteristic feature of major human skin diseases such as psoriasis and squamous cell carcinoma. However, the effect of keratinocyte metabolism on proliferation and differentiation remains largely elusive. We show here that the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) promotes differentiation while inhibits proliferation of keratinocyte and suppresses psoriasis development. FBP1 is identified among the most upregulated genes induced by UVB using transcriptome sequencing and is elevated especially in upper epidermis. Fbp1 heterozygous mice exhibit aberrant epidermis phenotypes with local hyperplasia and dedifferentiation. Loss of FBP1 promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of keratinocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, FBP1 loss facilitates glycolysis-mediated acetyl-CoA production, which increases histone H3 acetylation at lysine 9, resulting in enhanced transcription of proliferation genes. We further find that the expression of FBP1 is dramatically reduced in human psoriatic lesions and in skin of mouse imiquimod psoriasis model. Fbp1 deficiency in mice facilitates psoriasis-like skin lesions development through glycolysis and acetyl-CoA production. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of FBP1 in epidermal homeostasis and provide evidence for FBP1 as a metabolic psoriasis suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Information, The PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Congshu Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuandong Tao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhijie Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Gaofu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Information, The PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Abstract
Keratinocyte senescence contributes to skin ageing and epidermal dysfunction. According to the existing knowledge, the transcription factor ΔNp63α plays pivotal roles in differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes. It is traditionally accepted that ΔNp63α exerts its functions via binding to promoter regions to activate or repress gene transcription. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that ΔNp63α can bind to elements away from promoter regions of its target genes, mediating epigenetic regulation. On the other hand, several epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modification and variation, chromatin remodelling, as well as enhancer-promoter looping, are found to be related to cell senescence. To systematically elucidate how ΔNp63α affects keratinocyte senescence via epigenetic regulation, we comprehensively compiled the literatures on the roles of ΔNp63α in keratinocyte senescence, epigenetics in cellular senescence, and the relation between ΔNp63α-mediated epigenetic regulation and keratinocyte senescence. Based on the published data, we conclude that ΔNp63α mediates epigenetic regulation via multiple mechanisms: recruiting epigenetic enzymes to modify DNA or histones, coordinating chromatin remodelling complexes (CRCs) or regulating their expression, and mediating enhancer-promoter looping. Consequently, the expression of genes related to cell cycle is modulated, and proliferation of keratinocytes and renewal of stem cells are maintained, by ΔNp63α. During skin inflammaging, the decline of ΔNp63α may lead to epigenetic dysregulation, resultantly deteriorating keratinocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghan Kuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Zhuang L, Ma W, Jiao J. Inhibition of Key Glycolytic Enzyme Hexokinase 2 Ameliorates Psoriasiform Inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:3229-3239. [PMID: 37965102 PMCID: PMC10642575 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s435624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Epidermal keratinocytes with an abnormal glucose metabolism have been identified in psoriasis. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is a crucial enzyme involved in glycolytic metabolic pathways. However, the expression of HK2 and its potential therapeutic effects in psoriasis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of HK2 and evaluate its therapeutic effects in psoriasis. Patients and Methods A gene expression dataset (GSE121212) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to examine the expression of HK2 in psoriasis. HK2 RNA and protein expression were investigated in psoriasis vulgaris (n=5) and healthy (n=5) samples. Immunohistochemistry for HK2 was performed on psoriasis vulgaris (n=22) and healthy skin (n=10) samples. Additionally, HaCaT cells were treated with M5 (interleukin [IL]-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1α, IL-22, and Oncostatin-M) to induce a psoriatic inflammation cell model. A mouse model of psoriatic inflammation was established using topical 5% imiquimod cream. Psoriasis-like cells and mouse models were treated with the HK2 inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA). Cell proliferation, glucose consumption, and lactate production were assessed. Furthermore, the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-Kb) and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) was investigated using Western blot analysis. Results According to the GEO dataset, HK2 expression was significantly elevated in psoriasis. Upregulation of HK2 in psoriatic tissues was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The immunohistochemistry score for HK2 was higher in psoriatic lesions than in healthy skin. 3-BrPA inhibited the proliferation and glycolysis of M5-stimulated HaCaT cells. Topical 3-BrPA ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Activation of NF-kB and NLRP3 was downregulated by 3-BrPA treatment. Conclusion Our study revealed that the glycolytic enzyme HK2 was upregulated in psoriasis and that the HK2 inhibitor 3-BrPA exhibited therapeutic effects in psoriasis cell and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Meliton AY, Cetin-Atalay R, Tian Y, Szafran JCH, Shin KWD, Cho T, Sun KA, Woods PS, Shamaa OR, Chen B, Muir A, Mutlu GM, Hamanaka RB. Mitochondrial One-Carbon Metabolism is Required for TGF-β-Induced Glycine Synthesis and Collagen Protein Production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566074. [PMID: 37986788 PMCID: PMC10659399 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is the TGF-β-dependent activation of lung fibroblasts, leading to excessive deposition of collagen proteins and progressive scarring. We have previously shown that synthesis of collagen by lung fibroblasts requires de novo synthesis of glycine, the most abundant amino acid in collagen protein. TGF-β upregulates the expression of the enzymes of the de novo serine/glycine synthesis pathway in lung fibroblasts through mTORC1 and ATF4-dependent transcriptional programs. SHMT2, the final enzyme of the de novo serine/glycine synthesis pathway, transfers a one-carbon unit from serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF), producing glycine and 5,10-methylene-THF (meTHF). meTHF is converted back to THF in the mitochondrial one-carbon (1C) pathway through the sequential actions of MTHFD2 (which converts meTHF to 10-formyl-THF), and either MTHFD1L, which produces formate, or ALDH1L2, which produces CO2. It is unknown how the mitochondrial 1C pathway contributes to glycine biosynthesis or collagen protein production in fibroblasts, or fibrosis in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-β induces the expression of MTHFD2, MTHFD1L, and ALDH1L2 in human lung fibroblasts. MTHFD2 expression was required for TGF-β-induced cellular glycine accumulation and collagen protein production. Combined knockdown of both MTHFD1L and ALDH1L2 also inhibited glycine accumulation and collagen protein production downstream of TGF-β; however knockdown of either protein alone had no inhibitory effect, suggesting that lung fibroblasts can utilize either enzyme to regenerate THF. Pharmacologic inhibition of MTHFD2 recapitulated the effects of MTHFD2 knockdown in lung fibroblasts and ameliorated fibrotic responses after intratracheal bleomycin instillation in vivo. Our results provide insight into the metabolic requirements of lung fibroblasts and provide support for continued development of MTHFD2 inhibitors for the treatment of IPF and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Y Meliton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Rengül Cetin-Atalay
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jennifer C Houpy Szafran
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kun Woo D Shin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Takugo Cho
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kaitlyn A Sun
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Parker S Woods
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Obada R Shamaa
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Bohao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Li Y, Giovannini S, Wang T, Fang J, Li P, Shao C, Wang Y, Shi Y, Candi E, Melino G, Bernassola F. p63: a crucial player in epithelial stemness regulation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3371-3384. [PMID: 37848625 PMCID: PMC10638092 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissue homeostasis is closely associated with the self-renewal and differentiation behaviors of epithelial stem cells (ESCs). p63, a well-known marker of ESCs, is an indispensable factor for their biological activities during epithelial development. The diversity of p63 isoforms expressed in distinct tissues allows this transcription factor to have a wide array of effects. p63 coordinates the transcription of genes involved in cell survival, stem cell self-renewal, migration, differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Through the regulation of these biological processes, p63 contributes to, not only normal epithelial development, but also epithelium-derived cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of p63 in epithelial stemness regulation, including self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. We describe the differential expression of TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms and their distinct functional activities in normal epithelial tissues and in epithelium-derived tumors. Furthermore, we summarize the signaling cascades modulating the TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms as well as their downstream pathways in stemness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Sara Giovannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tingting Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Peishan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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GÜZEL S, YALÇIN A, GÜRPINAR Y, GÜLER S. Expression of Pfkfb isoenzymes during in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into insulin-producing cells. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1565-1573. [PMID: 38813509 PMCID: PMC10760535 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by the autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and still has no effective cure. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into IPCs may help us improve the therapeutic strategies for treating T1DM. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatases (Pfkfb1-4) are key regulators of glucose metabolism. Although Pfkfb3 has been shown to be required for the growth of early differentiated mouse ESCs (mESCs), more studies are needed to further assess the roles of Pfkfb isoenzymes in embryonic development and differentiation, particularly into specific cell types. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the changes in the expression of Pfkfb isoenzymes on the differentiation of mESCs into IPCs. Materials and methods A 3-step protocol was used to differentiate R1 and J1 mESCs into IPCs. The changes in the gene expression of MafA, MafB, Ins2, and Nkx6.1 (IPC specific markers) and Pfkfb1-4 were analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Insulin expression and secretion were determined by immunofluorescence (IF) staining and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results Upon differentiation, the IPC specific markers in differentiated cells were upregulated. Continued differentiation was confirmed by the development of insulin-positive islet-like clusters that secreted insulin in response to glucose uptake. Expressions of the Pfkfb2 and Pfkfb3 isoenzymes were markedly increased in various stages of differentiation. Conclusion These findings suggest that Pfkfb2 and Pfkfb3 may impact the differentiation of mESCs into IPCs and the regulation of the insulin response to glucose levels. This study also lays a foundation for researchers to further probe the roles of Pfkfb isoenzymes on the differentiation of mESCs into IPCs and may open new avenues for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saime GÜZEL
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa,
Turkiye
| | - Abdullah YALÇIN
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa,
Turkiye
| | - Yunus GÜRPINAR
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Sabire GÜLER
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa,
Turkiye
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9
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Guzel S, Gurpinar Y, Altunok TH, Yalcin A. Increased expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase-3 is required for growth of mouse embryonic stem cells that are undergoing differentiation. Cytotechnology 2023; 75:27-38. [PMID: 36713065 PMCID: PMC9880118 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The unlimited proliferation capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) coupled with their capability to differentiate into several cell types makes them an attractive candidate for studying the molecular mechanisms regulating self-renewal and transition from pluripotent state. Although the roles of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase family (PFKFB1-4) in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in tumor cells have been studied, their role in mouse ESC (mESC) biology is currently unkown. In the current study, Pfkfb isoenzyme expressions were analyzed in R1 and J1 mESCs that were cultured in the presence and absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). We report that expression of the Pfkfb3 isoenzyme was markedly increased when mESCs were promoted to differentiate upon LIF removal. We then demonstrated that Pfkfb3 silencing induced the differentiation marker Brachyury suggesting that Pfkfb3 may be required for the regulation of mesodermal differentiation of mESCs. Furthermore, we show that the increase in Pfkfb3 expression is required for the growth of early differentiated mESCs. Although these results provide important insights into the early differentiation of mESCs with regard to Pfkfb expressions, further mechanistic studies will be needed for understanding the pathways and mechanisms involved in regulation of proliferation and early differentiation of mESCs through Pfkfb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saime Guzel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yunus Gurpinar
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Hazal Altunok
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Yalcin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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10
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Kovacs D, Bastonini E, Briganti S, Ottaviani M, D’Arino A, Truglio M, Sciuto L, Zaccarini M, Pacifico A, Cota C, Iacovelli P, Picardo M. Altered epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and lipid composition: Novel key elements in the vitiligo puzzle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9299. [PMID: 36054352 PMCID: PMC10848961 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired skin depigmentation disease involving multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, which ultimately direct cytotoxic CD8+ cells to destroy melanocytes. Abnormalities have been described in several cells even in pigmented skin as an expression of a functional inherited defect. Keratinocytes regulate skin homeostasis by the assembly of a proper skin barrier and releasing and responding to cytokines and growth factors. Alterations in epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and lipid composition as triggers for immune response activation in vitiligo have not yet been investigated. By applying cellular and lipidomic approaches, we revealed a deregulated keratinocyte differentiation with altered lipid composition, associated with impaired energy metabolism and increased glycolytic enzyme expression. Vitiligo keratinocytes secreted inflammatory mediators, which further increased following mild mechanical stress, thus evidencing immune activation. These findings identify intrinsic alterations of the nonlesional epidermis, which can be the prime instigator of the local inflammatory milieu that stimulates immune responses targeting melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bastonini
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea D’Arino
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sciuto
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Pacifico
- Clinical Dermatology, Phototherapy Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Iacovelli
- Clinical Dermatology, Phototherapy Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy
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11
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Yan S, Li Q, Li S, Ai Z, Yuan D. The role of PFKFB3 in maintaining colorectal cancer cell proliferation and stemness. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9877-9891. [PMID: 35553342 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since generally confronting with the hypoxic and stressful microenvironment, cancer cells alter their glucose metabolism pattern to glycolysis to sustain the continuous proliferation and vigorous biological activities. Bifunctional 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2) isoform 3 (PFKFB3) functions as an effectively modulator of glycolysis and also participates in regulating angiogenesis, cell death and cell stemness. Meanwhile, PFKFB3 is highly expressed in a variety of cancer cells, and can be activated by several regulatory factors, such as hypoxia, inflammation and cellular signals. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, PFKFB3 not only has the property of high expression, but also probably relate to inflammation-cancer transformation. Recent studies indicate that PFKFB3 is involved in chemoradiotherapy resistance as well, such as breast cancer, endometrial cancer and CRC. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewable cell types that contribute to oncogenesis, metastasis and relapse. Several studies indicate that CSCs utilize glycolysis to fulfill their energetic and biosynthetic demands in order to maintain rapid proliferation and adapt to the tumor microenvironment changes. In addition, elevated PFKFB3 has been reported to correlate with self-renewal and metastatic outgrowth in numerous kinds of CSCs. This review summarizes our current understanding of PFKFB3 roles in modulating cancer metabolism to maintain cell proliferation and stemness, and discusses its feasibility as a potential target for the discovery of antineoplastic agents, especially in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Shi Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Zhiying Ai
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250101, China
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12
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Metabolomic Alteration of Oral Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts in Hypoxia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061156. [PMID: 33801898 PMCID: PMC8001958 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen concentration in normal human tissue under physiologic conditions is lower than the atmospheric oxygen concentration. The more hypoxic condition has been observed in the cells with wound healing and cancer. Somatic stem cells reside in a hypoxic microenvironment in vivo and prefer hypoxic culture conditions in vitro. Oral mucosa contains tissue-specific stem cells, which is an excellent tissue source for regenerative medicine. For clinical usage, maintaining the stem cell in cultured cells is important. We previously reported that hypoxic culture conditions maintained primary oral keratinocytes in an undifferentiated and quiescent state and enhanced their clonogenicity. However, the metabolic mechanism of these cells is unclear. Stem cell biological and pathological findings have shown that metabolic reprogramming is important in hypoxic culture conditions, but there has been no report on oral mucosal keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Herein, we conducted metabolomic analyses of oral mucosal keratinocytes and fibroblasts under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxic oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed a drastic change of metabolite concentrations in urea cycle metabolites and polyamine pathways. The changes of metabolic profiles in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway under hypoxic conditions in the oral keratinocytes were consistent with those of other somatic stem cells. The metabolic profiles in oral fibroblasts showed only little changes in any pathway under hypoxia except for a significant increase in the antioxidant 2-oxoglutaric acid. This report firstly provides the holistic changes of various metabolic pathways of hypoxic cultured oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
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13
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Cho WK, Kim HI, Paek SH, Kim SY, Hyun Seo H, Song J, Lee OH, Min J, Lee SJ, Jo Y, Choi H, Lee JH, Moh SH. Gene expression profile of human follicle dermal papilla cells in response to Camellia japonica phytoplacenta extract. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:633-651. [PMID: 33410284 PMCID: PMC7931240 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia japonica L. is a flowering tree with several medicinal and cosmetic applications. Here, we investigated the efficacy of C. japonica placenta extract (CJPE) as a potential therapeutic agent for promotion of hair growth and scalp health by using various in vitro and in vivo assays. Moreover, we performed transcriptome analysis to examine the relative expression of human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) in response to CJPE by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). In vitro assays revealed upregulation of the expression of hair growth marker genes in HFDPC after CJPE treatment. Moreover, in vivo clinical tests with 42 adult female participants showed that a solution containing 0.5% CJPE increased the moisture content of the scalp and decreased the scalp's sebum content, dead scalp keratin, and erythema. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed key genes in HFDPC which are associated with CJPE. Interestingly, genes associated with lipid metabolism and cholesterol efflux were upregulated. Genes upregulated by CJPE are associated with several hormones, including parathyroid, adrenocorticotropic hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and norepinephrine, which are involved in hair follicle biology. Furthermore, some upregulated genes are associated with the regulation of axon guidance. In contrast, many genes downregulated by CJPE are associated with structural components of the cytoskeleton. In addition, CJPE suppressed genes associated with muscle structure and development. Taken together, this study provides extensive evidence that CJPE may have potential as a therapeutic agent for scalp treatment and hair growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyong Cho
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Hye-In Kim
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung Hye Paek
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Yun Kim
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyo Hyun Seo
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Jihyeok Song
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Ok Hwa Lee
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Jiae Min
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Jo
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Hoseong Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Lee
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- Anti-aging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
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14
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O'Leary EM, Tian Y, Nigdelioglu R, Witt LJ, Cetin-Atalay R, Meliton AY, Woods PS, Kimmig LM, Sun KA, Gökalp GA, Mutlu GM, Hamanaka RB. TGF-β Promotes Metabolic Reprogramming in Lung Fibroblasts via mTORC1-dependent ATF4 Activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:601-612. [PMID: 32668192 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0143oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)-dependent differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which leads to excessive deposition of collagen proteins and progressive scarring. We have previously shown that synthesis of collagen by myofibroblasts requires de novo synthesis of glycine, the most abundant amino acid found in collagen protein. TGF-β upregulates the expression of the enzymes of the de novo serine-glycine synthesis pathway in lung fibroblasts; however, the transcriptional and signaling regulators of this pathway remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-β promotes accumulation of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which is required for increased expression of the serine-glycine synthesis pathway enzymes in response to TGF-β. We found that induction of the integrated stress response (ISR) contributes to TGF-β-induced ATF4 activity; however, the primary driver of ATF4 downstream of TGF-β is activation of mTORC1 (mTOR Complex 1). TGF-β activates the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, and inhibition of PI3K prevents activation of downstream signaling and induction of ATF4. Using a panel of mTOR inhibitors, we found that ATF4 activation is dependent on mTORC1, independent of mTORC2. Rapamycin, which incompletely and allosterically inhibits mTORC1, had no effect on TGF-β-mediated induction of ATF4; however, Rapalink-1, which specifically targets the kinase domain of mTORC1, completely inhibited ATF4 induction and metabolic reprogramming downstream of TGF-β. Our results provide insight into the mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in myofibroblasts and clarify contradictory published findings on the role of mTOR inhibition in myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M O'Leary
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Recep Nigdelioglu
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois; and
| | - Leah J Witt
- Division of Geriatrics and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rengul Cetin-Atalay
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angelo Y Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Parker S Woods
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lucas M Kimmig
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kaitlyn A Sun
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gizem A Gökalp
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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15
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Lee Y, Joo J, Lee YJ, Lee EK, Park S, Kim TS, Lee SH, Kim SY, Wie GA, Park M, Kim MJ, Lee JS, Han JY. Randomized phase II study of platinum-based chemotherapy plus controlled diet with or without metformin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020; 151:8-15. [PMID: 33278671 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence indicates anti-diabetic drug metformin has anti-cancer effect by controlling cancer metabolism. We evaluated whether addition of metformin to chemotherapy improved survival of lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized phase II study enrolled 164 patients with chemo-native, EGFR-ALK wild-type, stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients were randomized to receive chemotherapy either with metformin (1000 mg twice daily) or alone every 3 weeks for six cycles. The patients received gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8 and carboplatin (5 area under the curve) on day 1. Exploratory studies included serum metabolic panels, positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging, and genetic mutation tests for metabolism-related genes. RESULTS Metformin group showed no significant difference in the risk of progression and death compared to control group (progression: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.72 - 1.42], P = 0.935; death: HR = 0.95 [95% CI = 0.67-1.34], P = 0.757). Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) had significantly higher fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on baseline PET image than non-SqCC NSCLC (P = 0.004). In the SqCC with high FDG uptake, the addition of metformin significantly decreased the risk of progression and death (progression: HR = 0.31 [95% CI = 0.12-0.78], P = 0.013; death: HR = 0.42 [95% CI = 0.18-0.94], P = 0.035). The HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased after the treatment in metformin group compared to control group (P = 0.011). The metformin group showed no survival benefit in the patients with hyperinsulinemia or patients whose insulin level was decreased after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Addition of metformin to chemotherapy provided no survival benefit in unselected NSCLC patients. However, it significantly improved the survival of the selected patients with SqCC showing high FDG uptake. It suggests metformin shows the synergistic anti-tumor effect in the tumor which are highly dependent on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Lee
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - You Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyung-Ah Wie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoung Park
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center Korea, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Briganti S, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M. Acne as an altered dermato‐endocrine response problem. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:833-839. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
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17
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Balcázar M, Cañizares S, Borja T, Pontón P, Bisiou S, Carabasse E, Bacilieri A, Canavese C, Diaz RF, Cabrera F, Caicedo A. Bases for Treating Skin Aging With Artificial Mitochondrial Transfer/Transplant (AMT/T). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:919. [PMID: 32903493 PMCID: PMC7438394 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception of mitochondria as only the powerhouse of the cell has dramatically changed in the last decade. It is now accepted that in addition to being essential intracellularly, mitochondria can promote cellular repair when transferred from healthy to damaged cells. The artificial mitochondria transfer/transplant (AMT/T) group of techniques emulate this naturally occurring process and have been used to develop therapies to treat a range of diseases including cardiac and neurodegenerative. Mitochondria accumulate damage with time, resulting in cellular senescence. Skin cells and its mitochondria are profoundly affected by ultraviolet radiation and other factors that induce premature and accelerated aging. In this article, we propose the basis to use AMT/T to treat skin aging by transferring healthy mitochondria to senescent cells, possibly revitalizing them. We provide insightful information about how skin structure, components, and cells could age rapidly depending on the amount of damage received. Arguments are shown in favor of the use of AMT/T to treat aging skin and its cells, among them the possibility to stop free radical production, add new genetic material, and provide an energetic boost to help cells prolong their viability over time. This article intends to present one of the many aspects in which mitochondria could be used as a universal treatment for cell and tissue damage and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Balcázar
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stalin Cañizares
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Tatiana Borja
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Voz Andes, Quito, Ecuador.,CEDIA-USFQ Research Initiative, Corporación Ecuatoriana para el Desarrollo de la Investigación y Académica CEDIA and Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Pontón
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Voz Andes, Quito, Ecuador.,CEDIA-USFQ Research Initiative, Corporación Ecuatoriana para el Desarrollo de la Investigación y Académica CEDIA and Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sirivanh Bisiou
- Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Carabasse
- Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Angela Bacilieri
- Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Celia Canavese
- Université de Montpellier, Faculté de Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Ramiro F Diaz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Mito-Act Research Consortium, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Cabrera
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Mito-Act Research Consortium, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud COCSA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,CEDIA-USFQ Research Initiative, Corporación Ecuatoriana para el Desarrollo de la Investigación y Académica CEDIA and Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Mito-Act Research Consortium, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
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18
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Gong L, Chen B, Zhang J, Sun Y, Yuan J, Niu X, Hu G, Chen Y, Xie Z, Deng Z, Li Q, Wang Y. Human ESC-sEVs alleviate age-related bone loss by rejuvenating senescent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1800971. [PMID: 32944188 PMCID: PMC7480439 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1800971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident stem cell senescence leads to stem cell exhaustion, which is a major cause of physiological and pathological ageing. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs) have been reported in preclinical studies to possess therapeutic potential for diverse diseases. However, whether SC-EVs can rejuvenate senescent tissue stem cells to prevent age-related disorders still remains unknown. Here, we show that chronic application of human embryonic stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (hESC-sEVs) rescues the function of senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and prevents age-related bone loss in ageing mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed that hESC-sEVs treatment upregulated the expression of genes involved in antiaging, stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis identified 4122 proteins encapsulated in hESC-sEVs. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the protein components in the hESCs-sEVs function in a synergistic way to induce the activation of several canonical signalling pathways, including Wnt, Sirtuin, AMPK, PTEN signalling, which results in the upregulation of antiaging genes in BM-MSCs and then the recovery of senescent BM-MSCs function. Collectively, our findings reveal the effect of hESC-sEVs in reversing BM-MSCs senescence and age-related osteogenic dysfunction, thereby preventing age-related bone loss. Because hESC-sEVs could alleviate senescence of tissue-resident stem cells, they might be promising therapeutic candidates for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Gong
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjin Sun
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yuan
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongping Xie
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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19
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Li J, Xing J, Lu F, Chang W, Liang N, Li J, Wang Y, Li X, Zhao X, Hou R, Man M, Yin G, Li X, Zhang K. Psoriatic Dermal-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Keratinocyte Junctions, and Increase Glycolysis. Acta Derm Venereol 2020; 100:adv00122. [PMID: 32266413 PMCID: PMC9129003 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that psoriatic dermal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) dysregulate keratinocyte proliferation, the biological activity profile of keratinocytes influenced by psoriatic DMSCs remain unknown. In the present study, we assessed the impact of psoriatic DMSCs on keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and glucose metabolism in normal human epidermal keratinocytes co-cultured with or without psoriatic DMSCs. Co-culture of normal human epidermal keratinocytes with psoriatic DMSCs downregulated expression levels of proteins associated with cell junction assembly (alpha-actinin-1, catenin beta-1, poliovirus receptor-related protein 4 and procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2), while upregulating proteins associated with keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation (involucrin, isoform 2 of Histone-binding protein, isoform 3 of Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 and keratin 13). Moreover, co-culture of normal human epidermal keratinocytes with psoriatic DMSCs stimulated keratinocyte proliferation and glycolysis, but reduced keratinocyte junctions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that psoriatic DMSCs increase keratinocyte proliferation and glycolysis, and reduce cell junctions, suggesting a pathogenic role of psoriatic DMSCs in epidermal hyperplasia, aberrant differentiation, and reduction in turnover time of keratinocytes in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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20
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Woods PS, Kimmig LM, Meliton AY, Sun KA, Tian Y, O’Leary EM, Gökalp GA, Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Tissue-Resident Alveolar Macrophages Do Not Rely on Glycolysis for LPS-induced Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:243-255. [PMID: 31469581 PMCID: PMC6993551 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0244oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage effector function is dynamic in nature and largely dependent on not only the type of immunological challenge but also the tissue-specific environment and developmental origin of a given macrophage population. Recent research has highlighted the importance of glycolytic metabolism in the regulation of effector function as a common feature associated with macrophage activation. Yet, most research has used macrophage cell lines and bone marrow-derived macrophages, which do not account for the diversity of macrophage populations and the role of tissue specificity in macrophage immunometabolism. Tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AMs) reside in an environment characterized by remarkably low glucose concentrations, making glycolysis-linked immunometabolism an inefficient and unlikely means of immune activation. In this study, we show that TR-AMs rely on oxidative phosphorylation to meet their energy demands and maintain extremely low levels of glycolysis under steady-state conditions. Unlike bone marrow-derived macrophages, TR-AMs did not experience enhanced glycolysis in response to LPS, and glycolytic inhibition had no effect on their proinflammatory cytokine production. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α stabilization promoted glycolysis in TR-AMs and shifted energy production away from oxidative metabolism at baseline, but it was not sufficient for TR-AMs to mount further increases in glycolysis or enhance immune function in response to LPS. Importantly, we confirmed these findings in an in vivo influenza model in which infiltrating macrophages had significantly higher glycolytic and proinflammatory gene expression than TR-AMs. These findings demonstrate that glycolysis is dispensable for macrophage effector function in TR-AM and highlight the importance of macrophage tissue origin (tissue resident vs. recruited) in immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker S. Woods
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lucas M. Kimmig
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angelo Y. Meliton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kaitlyn A. Sun
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin M. O’Leary
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gizem A. Gökalp
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert B. Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Kaplan N, Dong Y, Wang S, Yang W, Park JK, Wang J, Fiolek E, Perez White B, Chandel NS, Peng H, Lavker RM. FIH-1 engages novel binding partners to positively influence epithelial proliferation via p63. FASEB J 2019; 34:525-539. [PMID: 31914679 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901512r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Whereas much is known about the genes regulated by ΔNp63α in keratinocytes, how ΔNp63α is regulated is less clear. During studies with the hydroxylase, factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (FIH-1), we observed increases in epidermal ΔNp63α expression along with proliferative capacity in a conditional FIH-1 transgenic mouse. Conversely, loss of FIH-1 in vivo and in vitro attenuated ΔNp63α expression. To elucidate the FIH-1/p63 relationship, BioID proteomics assays identified FIH-1 binding partners that had the potential to regulate p63 expression. FIH-1 interacts with two previously unknown partners, Plectin1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) leading to the regulation of ΔNp63α expression. Two known interactors of FIH-1, apoptosis-stimulating of P53 protein 2 (ASPP2) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), were also identified. Knockdown of ASPP2 upregulated ΔNp63α and reversed the decrease in ΔNp63α by FIH-1 depletion. Additionally, FIH-1 regulates growth arrest and DNA damage-45 alpha (GADD45α), a negative regulator of ΔNp63α by interacting with HDAC1. GADD45α knockdown rescued reduction in ΔNp63α by FIH-1 depletion. Collectively, our data reveal that FIH-1 positively regulates ΔNp63α in keratinocytes via variety of signaling partners: (a) Plectin1/STAT1, (b) ASPP2, and (c) HDAC1/GADD45α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wending Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Sciences #8403, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Elaina Fiolek
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Molecular Mechanisms of p63-Mediated Squamous Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143590. [PMID: 31340447 PMCID: PMC6678256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p63 gene is a member of the p53/p63/p73 family of transcription factors and plays a critical role in development and homeostasis of squamous epithelium. p63 is transcribed as multiple isoforms; ΔNp63α, the predominant p63 isoform in stratified squamous epithelium, is localized to the basal cells and is overexpressed in squamous cell cancers of multiple organ sites, including skin, head and neck, and lung. Further, p63 is considered a stem cell marker, and within the epidermis, ΔNp63α directs lineage commitment. ΔNp63α has been implicated in numerous processes of skin biology that impact normal epidermal homeostasis and can contribute to squamous cancer pathogenesis by supporting proliferation and survival with roles in blocking terminal differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, and influencing adhesion and migration. ΔNp63α overexpression may also influence the tissue microenvironment through remodeling of the extracellular matrix and vasculature, as well as by enhancing cytokine and chemokine secretion to recruit pro-inflammatory infiltrate. This review focuses on the role of ΔNp63α in normal epidermal biology and how dysregulation can contribute to cutaneous squamous cancer development, drawing from knowledge also gained by squamous cancers from other organ sites that share p63 overexpression as a defining feature.
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23
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Atypical GATA transcription factor TRPS1 represses gene expression by recruiting CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) and suppresses cell migration and invasion by repressing TP63 expression. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:96. [PMID: 30563971 PMCID: PMC6299095 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1), an atypical GATA transcription factor, functions as a transcriptional repressor and is also implicated in human cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of TRPS1 contributing to malignancy remains obscure. In the current study, we report that TRPS1 recognizes both gene proximal and distal transcription start site (TSS) sequences to repress gene expression. Co-IP mass spectrometry and biochemical studies showed that TRPS1 binds to CHD4/NuRD(MTA2). Genome-wide and molecular studies revealed that CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) is required for TRPS1 transcriptional repression. Mechanically, TRPS1 and CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) form precision-guided transcriptional repression machinery in which TRPS1 guides the machinery to specific target sites by recognizing GATA elements, and CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) represses the transcription of target genes. Furthermore, TP63 was identified and validated to be a direct target of TRPS1-CHD4/NuRD(MTA2) complex, which represses TP63 expression by involving decommission of TP63 enhancer in the described precision-guided manner, leading to a reduction of the ΔNp63 level and contributing to migration and invasion of cancer cells.
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24
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Sutter CH, Olesen KM, Bhuju J, Guo Z, Sutter TR. AHR Regulates Metabolic Reprogramming to Promote SIRT1-Dependent Keratinocyte Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:818-826. [PMID: 30393078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor, AHR, in normal human epidermal keratinocytes increased AHR binding in the gene regions of the glucose transporter, SLC2A1, and the glycolytic enzyme, ENO1. This increased chromatin binding corresponded with AHR-dependent decreases in levels of SLC2A1 and ENO1 mRNA, protein, and activities. Studies of the ENO1 promoter showed activation of the AHR decreases the transcription of ENO1. Glycolysis was lowered by activation of the AHR as measured by decreases in glucose uptake and the production of pyruvate and lactate. Levels of ATP were also decreased. Downregulation of glucose metabolism, either by activation of the AHR, inhibition of glycolysis, inhibition of glucose transport, or inhibition of enolase, increased SIRT1 protein levels in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and the immortalized keratinocyte cell line, N/TERT-1. This increase in SIRT1 was abrogated by the addition of exogenous pyruvate. Moreover, keratinocyte differentiation in response to downregulation of glycolysis, either by activation of the AHR, inhibition of glucose transport, or inhibition of enolase, was dependent on SIRT1. These results indicate that regulation of glycolysis controls keratinocyte differentiation, and that activation of the AHR, by lowering the expression of SLC2A1 and ENO1, can determine this fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Hayes Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristin M Olesen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jyoti Bhuju
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zibiao Guo
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas R Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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25
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Bartrons R, Rodríguez-García A, Simon-Molas H, Castaño E, Manzano A, Navarro-Sabaté À. The potential utility of PFKFB3 as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:659-674. [PMID: 29985086 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1498082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been known for over half a century that tumors exhibit an increased demand for nutrients to fuel their rapid proliferation. Interest in targeting cancer metabolism to treat the disease has been renewed in recent years with the discovery that many cancer-related pathways have a profound effect on metabolism. Considering the recent increase in our understanding of cancer metabolism and the enzymes and pathways involved, the question arises as to whether metabolism is cancer's Achilles heel. Areas covered: This review summarizes the role of 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) in glycolysis, cell proliferation, and tumor growth, discussing PFKFB3 gene and isoenzyme regulation and the changes that occur in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacological options currently available for selective PFKFB3 inhibition are also reviewed. Expert opinion: PFKFB3 plays an important role in sustaining the development and progression of cancer and might represent an attractive target for therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, clinical trials are needed to follow up on the promising results from preclinical studies with PFKFB3 inhibitors. Combination therapies with PFKFB3 inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drugs, or radiotherapy might improve the efficacy of cancer treatments targeting PFKFB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bartrons
- a Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques , Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL , Catalunya , Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez-García
- a Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques , Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL , Catalunya , Spain
| | - Helga Simon-Molas
- a Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques , Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL , Catalunya , Spain
| | - Esther Castaño
- a Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques , Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL , Catalunya , Spain
| | - Anna Manzano
- a Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques , Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL , Catalunya , Spain
| | - Àurea Navarro-Sabaté
- a Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques , Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL , Catalunya , Spain
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26
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Hamanaka RB, Nigdelioglu R, Meliton AY, Tian Y, Witt LJ, O’Leary E, Sun KA, Woods PS, Wu D, Ansbro B, Ard S, Rohde JM, Dulin NO, Guzy RD, Mutlu GM. Inhibition of Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Attenuates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:585-593. [PMID: 29019702 PMCID: PMC5946329 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0186oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Because currently available therapies have limited effect, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms by which organ fibrosis occurs. We have recently reported that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, a key cytokine that promotes fibrogenesis, induces the expression of the enzymes of the de novo serine and glycine synthesis pathway in human lung fibroblasts, and that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH; the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway) is required to promote collagen protein synthesis downstream of TGF-β. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of de novo serine and glycine synthesis attenuates lung fibrosis in vivo. We found that TGF-β induces mRNA and protein expression of PHGDH in murine fibroblasts. Similarly, intratracheal administration of bleomycin resulted in increased expression of PHGDH in mouse lungs, localized to fibrotic regions. Using a newly developed small molecule inhibitor of PHGDH (NCT-503), we tested whether pharmacologic inhibition of PHGDH could inhibit fibrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of murine and human lung fibroblasts with NCT-503 decreased TGF-β-induced collagen protein synthesis. Mice treated with the PHGDH inhibitor beginning 7 days after intratracheal instillation of bleomycin had attenuation of lung fibrosis. These results indicate that the de novo serine and glycine synthesis pathway is necessary for TGF-β-induced collagen synthesis and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. PHGDH and other enzymes in the de novo serine and glycine synthesis pathway may be a therapeutic target for treatment of fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Recep Nigdelioglu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Angelo Y. Meliton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Leah J. Witt
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Erin O’Leary
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Kaitlyn A. Sun
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Parker S. Woods
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Brandon Ansbro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Shawn Ard
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Jason M. Rohde
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Nickolai O. Dulin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Robert D. Guzy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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27
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Soares E, Zhou H. Master regulatory role of p63 in epidermal development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1179-1190. [PMID: 29103147 PMCID: PMC5843667 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is a master regulator of epidermal development. Mutations in p63 give rise to human developmental diseases that often manifest epidermal defects. In this review, we summarize major p63 isoforms identified so far and p63 mutation-associated human diseases that show epidermal defects. We discuss key roles of p63 in epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, emphasizing its master regulatory control of the gene expression pattern and epigenetic landscape that define epidermal fate. We subsequently review the essential function of p63 during epidermal commitment and transdifferentiation towards epithelial lineages, highlighting the notion that p63 is the guardian of the epithelial lineage. Finally, we discuss current therapeutic development strategies for p63 mutation-associated diseases. Our review proposes future directions for dissecting p63-controlled mechanisms in normal and diseased epidermal development and for developing therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Soares
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 274, Postbus 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 274, Postbus 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 855, Postbus 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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28
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p63 Adjusts Sugar Taste of Epidermal Layers. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1204-1206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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