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Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhang K, Zhang D, Zheng L. Advancing Microfluidic Immunity Testing Systems: New Trends for Microbial Pathogen Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:3322. [PMID: 39064900 PMCID: PMC11279515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms play a crucial role in the global disease burden due to their ability to cause various diseases and spread through multiple transmission routes. Immunity tests identify antigens related to these pathogens, thereby confirming past infections and monitoring the host's immune response. Traditional pathogen detection methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs), are often labor-intensive, slow, and reliant on sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, which can be limiting in resource-poor settings. In contrast, the development of microfluidic technologies presents a promising alternative, offering automation, miniaturization, and cost efficiency. These advanced methods are poised to replace traditional assays by streamlining processes and enabling rapid, high-throughput immunity testing for pathogens. This review highlights the latest advancements in microfluidic systems designed for rapid and high-throughput immunity testing, incorporating immunosensors, single molecule arrays (Simoas), a lateral flow assay (LFA), and smartphone integration. It focuses on key pathogenic microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and the ZIKA virus (ZIKV). Additionally, the review discusses the challenges, commercialization prospects, and future directions to advance microfluidic systems for infectious disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yule Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhijin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Yu Z, Wang J, Xia W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tang J, Cui H, Yang X, Bao C, Ye Z. The Development of an Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Method for Interleukin-6 Quantification. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6777. [PMID: 38928482 PMCID: PMC11203838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses and tumor developments are closely related, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) playing important roles in both processes. IL-6 has been extensively identified as a potential tumor biomarker. This study developed an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) method for quantifying IL-6 based on signature peptides. These peptides were screened by excluding those with missed cleavage or post-translational modification. The method's accuracy was verified using amino acid-based IDMS, in which purified IL-6 protein samples were quantified after hydrolyzing them into amino acids, and no significant difference was observed (p-value < 0.05). The method demonstrated good linearity and sensitivity upon testing. The specificity and matrix effect of the method were verified, and a precision study showed that the coefficient of variation was less than 5% for both the intra-day and inter-day tests. Compared to immunoassays, this method offers distinct advantages, such as the facilitation of multi-target analysis. Furthermore, the peptides used in this study are much more convenient for storage and operation than the antibodies or purified proteins typically used in immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
| | - Wenqiang Xia
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China;
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
| | - Yafen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
| | - Jintian Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
| | - Haifeng Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
| | - Chenchen Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
| | - Zihong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.T.); (H.C.); (X.Y.); (C.B.)
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Rodriguez A, Alonso-Morales RA, Lassala A, Rangel P L, Ramírez-Andoney V, Gutierrez CG. Development and validation of a pentaplex assay for the identification of antibodies against common viral diseases in cattle. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000511.v3. [PMID: 37970075 PMCID: PMC10634487 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000511.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal welfare and economic implications of infectious diseases in cattle demand an efficient surveillance as the foundation for control and eradication programmes. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3V), Bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1), Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and Enzootic bovine leukosis virus (EBLV) cause common and often underdiagnosed diseases in cattle that are endemic in most countries [1]. A hallmark of individual exposure to a viral pathogen is the presence of antibodies directed towards that virus. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a pentaplex assay to simultaneously detect and quantify antibodies against BRSV, PI3V, BoHV-1, BVDV and EBLV in serum, as an efficient tool to yield epidemiological data. Monoplex assays were initially developed using either complete BRSV or BoHV-1 viral lysates, or recombinant proteins for BVDV, EBLV or PI3V as capture antigens. In addition, 125 serum samples from unvaccinated cattle, which were classified as positive or negative for each of the viruses by commercial ELISA kits, were used for validation. Conditions established for the Luminex monoplex assays were adopted for the pentaplex assay. The accuracy, determined by the area under the ROC curve, was greater than 0.97, and assay diagnostic sensitivities and specificities were over 95 and 90%, respectively, for all antigens. Intra (r) and interassay (R) coefficients of variation were under 10 and 20 %, respectively. Selectivity towards target viruses was shown by binding inhibition assays where unbound viruses reduced fluorescence intensities. Diagnostic agreement for samples analysed simultaneously in the monoplex and multiplex assays was almost perfect. In conclusion, a highly sensitive pentaplex assay was validated for the simultaneous identification of antibodies directed against BVDV, BoHV-1, PI3V, BRSV and EBLV in serum. The developed pentaplex assay complies with performance characteristics established by international guidelines for diagnostic tests and may be used as a tool for the implementation of epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio A. Alonso-Morales
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Arantzatzu Lassala
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Lucia Rangel P
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Vianey Ramírez-Andoney
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Carlos G. Gutierrez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
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Qiu X, Dai Q, Tang H, Li Y. Multiplex Assays of MicroRNAs by Using Single Particle Electrochemical Collision in a Single Run. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13376-13384. [PMID: 37603691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
It is important to quantify multiple biomarkers in a single run due to the advantages of precious samples and diagnostic accuracy. Based on the distinguishability of two types of current signals from single particle electrochemical collision (SPEC), step-type current transients produced by Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) catalyzed hydrazine oxidation and peak-type current transients produced by Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) oxidation, a kind of multiplex immunoassay of target microRNAs (miRNA-21 and Let-7a) have been established during SPEC in a single run. When the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA1) that was perfectly complementary to miRNA-21 was coupled to the surface of PtNPs, the SPEC of PtNPs electrocatalysis was inhibited and the step-type current transients disappeared, while the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA2) that was perfectly complementary to Let-7a was coupled to the surface of AgNPs, the SPEC of AgNPs oxidation was inhibited, and the peak-type current transients disappeared, thus the signals were in the "off" state at this time. After that, miRNA-21 and Let-7a were added into solution, complementary base pairing disrupted the weak DNA-NP interaction and restored the electrocatalysis of PtNPs and the electrooxidation of AgNPs, and the step-type current signals and peak-type current signals were in the "on" state. Moreover, the frequencies from two different recovered signals (PtNPs catalysis and AgNPs oxidation) corresponded to the amount of added miRNA-21 and Let-7a, thus a multiplex immunoassay method for dual quantification of miRNA-21 and Let-7a in a single run was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Dai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
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Youssef P, Hughes L, Kim WS, Halliday GM, Lewis SJG, Cooper A, Dzamko N. Evaluation of plasma levels of NFL, GFAP, UCHL1 and tau as Parkinson's disease biomarkers using multiplexed single molecule counting. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5217. [PMID: 36997567 PMCID: PMC10063670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease (PD) could aid early and specific diagnosis, effective monitoring of disease progression, and improved design and interpretation of clinical trials. Although alpha-synuclein remains a biomarker candidate of interest, the multifactorial and heterogenous nature of PD highlights the need for a PD biomarker panel. Ideal biomarker candidates include markers that are detectable in easily accessible samples, (ideally blood) and that reflect the underlying pathological process of PD. In the present study, we explored the diagnostic and prognostic PD biomarker potential of the SIMOA neurology 4-plex-A biomarker panel, which included neurofilament light (NFL), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), tau and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL-1). We initially performed a serum vs plasma comparative study to determine the most suitable blood-based matrix for the measurement of these proteins in a multiplexed assay. The levels of NFL and GFAP in plasma and serum were highly correlated (Spearman rho-0.923, p < 0.0001 and rho = 0.825, p < 0.001 respectively). In contrast, the levels of tau were significantly higher in plasma compared to serum samples (p < 0.0001) with no correlation between sample type (Spearman p > 0.05). The neurology 4-plex-A panel, along with plasma alpha-synuclein was then assessed in a cross-sectional cohort of 29 PD patients and 30 controls. Plasma NFL levels positively correlated with both GFAP and alpha-synuclein levels (rho = 0.721, p < 0.0001 and rho = 0.390, p < 0.05 respectively). As diagnostic biomarkers, the control and PD groups did not differ in their mean NFL, GFAP, tau or UCHL-1 plasma levels (t test p > 0.05). As disease state biomarkers, motor severity (MDS-UPDRS III) correlated with increased NFL (rho = 0.646, p < 0.0001), GFAP (rho = 0.450, p < 0.05) and alpha-synuclein levels (rho = 0.406, p < 0.05), while motor stage (Hoehn and Yahr) correlated with increased NFL (rho = 0.455, p < 0.05) and GFAP (rho = 0.549, p < 0.01) but not alpha-synuclein levels (p > 0.05). In conclusion, plasma was determined to be most suitable blood-based matrix for multiplexing the neurology 4-plex-A panel. Given their correlation with motor features of PD, NFL and GFAP appear to be promising disease state biomarker candidates and further longitudinal validation of these two proteins as blood-based biomarkers for PD progression is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Youssef
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Laura Hughes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Woojin S Kim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Antony Cooper
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW-Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and the Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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Shaimerdenova M, Ayupova T, Bekmurzayeva A, Sypabekova M, Ashikbayeva Z, Tosi D. Spatial-Division Multiplexing Approach for Simultaneous Detection of Fiber-Optic Ball Resonator Sensors: Applications for Refractometers and Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1007. [PMID: 36421126 PMCID: PMC9688048 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-optic ball resonators are an attractive technology for refractive index (RI) sensing and optical biosensing, as they have good sensitivity and allow for a rapid and repeatable manufacturing process. An important feature for modern biosensing devices is the multiplexing capacity, which allows for interrogating multiple sensors (potentially, with different functionalization methods) simultaneously, by a single analyzer. In this work, we report a multiplexing method for ball resonators, which is based on a spatial-division multiplexing approach. The method is validated on four ball resonator devices, experimentally evaluating both the cross-talk and the spectral shape influence of one sensor on another. We show that the multiplexing approach is highly efficient and that a sensing network with an arbitrary number of ball resonators can be designed with reasonable penalties for the sensing capabilities. Furthermore, we validate this concept in a four-sensor multiplexing configuration, for the simultaneous detection of two different cancer biomarkers across a widespread range of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Shaimerdenova
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Takhmina Ayupova
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Bioengineering and Nick Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aliya Bekmurzayeva
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Marzhan Sypabekova
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Zhannat Ashikbayeva
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniele Tosi
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- National Laboratory Astana, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioinstruments, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Hendriks J, Schasfoort RBM, Huskens J, Saris DF, Karperien M. Kinetic characterization of SPR-based biomarker assays enables quality control, calibration free measurements and robust optimization for clinical application. Anal Biochem 2022; 658:114918. [PMID: 36170905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biomarker measurements are essential for the early diagnosis of complex diseases. However, many current biomarker assays lack sensitivity and multiplexing capacity, work in a narrow detection range and importantly lack real time quality control opportunities, which hampers clinical translation. In this paper, we demonstrate a toolbox to kinetically characterize a biomarker measurement assay using Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) with ample opportunities for real time quality control by exploiting quantitative descriptions of the various biomolecular interactions. We show an accurate prediction of SPRi measurements at both low and high concentrations of various analytes with deviations <5% between actual measurements and predicted measurement. The biphasic binding sites model was accurate for fitting the experimental curves and enables optimal detection of heterophilic antibodies, cross-reactivity, spotting irregularities and/or other confounders. The toolbox can also be used to create a (simulated) calibration curve, enabling calibration-free measurements with good recovery, it allows for easy assay optimizations, and could help bridge the gap to bring new biomarker assays to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendriks
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands
| | - Richard B M Schasfoort
- Medical Cell Biophysics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, the Netherlands
| | - DaniëlB F Saris
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, the Netherlands.
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Thompson LA, Fenton J, Charlton CL. HCV reflex testing: A single-sample, low-contamination method that improves the diagnostic efficiency of HCV testing among patients in Alberta, Canada. JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA = JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE L'ASSOCIATION POUR LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE ET L'INFECTIOLOGIE CANADA 2022; 7:97-107. [PMID: 36337352 PMCID: PMC9608109 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with antiviral treatments. Diagnosis normally requires two blood samples, one for serology screening and one for molecular confirmation. This multi-step process creates barriers in patient care and decreases testing for hard-to-reach populations. We used the cobas® 6800 to detect HCV RNA after antibody testing to investigate whether a single-sample reflex testing method is effective and efficient for diagnosing HCV-positive patients. METHODS HCV RNA-positive clinical samples (n = 152) were interchangeably loaded on the ARCHITECT i2000SR with negative samples (n = 152) in a checkerboard fashion, tested for HCV antibodies using fixed probes, and directly transferred to the cobas 6800 for molecular testing. Contamination rates, sensitivity, and specificity were determined by comparing Abbott m2000 and cobas 6800 viral loads. After implementing reflex testing, clinical data over a 6-month period were analyzed for diagnostic efficiency. RESULTS Contamination was present in 5 of 152 pairs (3.29%) after reflex testing. Sensitivity and specificity were 99.3% (95% CI 95.1% to 99.9%) and 100% (95% CI 97.5% to 100%), respectively, using the cobas 6800 assay after serotesting. Approximately 97% of clinical patients received a conclusive test result with the reflex-testing algorithm. For HCV-positive patients, mean diagnostic turnaround times were significantly lower using reflex testing versus the two-sample method (4 versus 39 days; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS HCV reflex testing demonstrated low levels of contamination without compromising the integrity of the molecular assay. Implementation in clinical laboratories would increase the efficiency of diagnosis and decrease steps in the continuum of care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alexa Thompson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jayne Fenton
- Alberta Precision Laboratories (ProvLab), University of Alberta Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen L Charlton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories (ProvLab), University of Alberta Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ban HE, Lee KMN, Rogers-LaVanne MP, Zabłocka-Słowińska K, Galbarczyk A, Jasienska G, Clancy KBH. Dietary Protein Source Matters for Changes in Inflammation Measured by Urinary C-Reactive Protein in Rural Polish Women. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 178:182-190. [PMID: 36466441 PMCID: PMC9718368 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Multiple macronutrients have been shown to affect systemic inflammation, a well-known predictor of chronic disease. Less often, varying sources of these macronutrients are examined. Different subsistence environments lead to varying access to protein sources which, combined with physical activity patterns, may lead to different relationships than among more typically studied sedentary, industrialized populations. This study hypothesizes an association between dietary protein intake and urinary C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration in women from a rural, agrarian Polish community. Materials and Methods We assessed protein intake and their sources for 80 nonsmoking, premenopausal Polish women who were not pregnant, nursing, or on hormonal birth control during the study or within the previous six months. Each participant completed multiple 24-hour dietary recalls during one menstrual cycle. Participants collected morning void urinary samples daily over one menstrual cycle for urinary CRP analysis. We analyzed relationships between plant and animal protein intake and CRP over the menstrual cycle by multiple linear regression. Results Plant protein in cereal foods was significantly positively associated with cycle-average urinary CRP concentrations (p<0.05) after controlling for body fat percent, total energy intake, and dietary fiber. Foods containing animal protein were not significantly associated with CRP. Discussion Contents of this population's main plant and animal protein sources differ from those of more commonly studied industrialized populations. Within the context of a population's typical diet, more emphasis may need to be placed on particular source of protein consumed, beyond plant versus animal, in order to understand relationships with CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Ban
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Katharine MN Lee
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary P Rogers-LaVanne
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kathryn BH Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA,Corresponding Author: Kathryn B. H. Clancy, PhD, , Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 607 S. Mathews Ave., 109 Davenport Hall, Urbana IL 61801, 217-244-1509; Beckman Institute of Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave. M/C 251, Urbana, IL 61801
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10
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Jiang W, Jones JC, Shankavaram U, Sproull M, Camphausen K, Krauze AV. Analytical Considerations of Large-Scale Aptamer-Based Datasets for Translational Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2227. [PMID: 35565358 PMCID: PMC9105298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and advancement of aptamer technology has opened a new realm of possibilities for unlocking the biocomplexity available within proteomics. With ultra-high-throughput and multiplexing, alongside remarkable specificity and sensitivity, aptamers could represent a powerful tool in disease-specific research, such as supporting the discovery and validation of clinically relevant biomarkers. One of the fundamental challenges underlying past and current proteomic technology has been the difficulty of translating proteomic datasets into standards of practice. Aptamers provide the capacity to generate single panels that span over 7000 different proteins from a singular sample. However, as a recent technology, they also present unique challenges, as the field of translational aptamer-based proteomics still lacks a standardizing methodology for analyzing these large datasets and the novel considerations that must be made in response to the differentiation amongst current proteomic platforms and aptamers. We address these analytical considerations with respect to surveying initial data, deploying proper statistical methodologies to identify differential protein expressions, and applying datasets to discover multimarker and pathway-level findings. Additionally, we present aptamer datasets within the multi-omics landscape by exploring the intersectionality of aptamer-based proteomics amongst genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, alongside pre-existing proteomic platforms. Understanding the broader applications of aptamer datasets will substantially enhance current efforts to generate translatable findings for the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Jiang
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.J.); (U.S.); (M.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, NIH/NCI/CCR, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.J.); (U.S.); (M.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.J.); (U.S.); (M.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.J.); (U.S.); (M.S.); (K.C.)
| | - Andra V. Krauze
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.J.); (U.S.); (M.S.); (K.C.)
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11
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Peptides Bearing Multiple Post-Translational Modifications as Antigenic Targets for Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413290. [PMID: 34948087 PMCID: PMC8707147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that are of paramount importance for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease and have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Proteins resulting from post-translational modifications (PTMs) are capable of triggering autoimmune responses important for the development of RA. In this work, we investigate serum antibody reactivity in patients with an established RA against a panel of chimeric peptides derived from fibrin and filaggrin proteins and bearing from one to three PTMs (citrullination, carbamylation and acetylation) by home-designed ELISA tests (anti-AMPA autoantibodies). The role of anti-AMPAs as biomarkers linked to the presence of a more severe RA phenotype (erosive disease with radiological structural damage) and to the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD), a severe extra-articular manifestation in RA patients entailing a high mortality, was also analyzed. In general, the association with the clinical phenotype of RA was confirmed with the different autoantibodies, and especially for IgA and IgM isotypes. The prevalence of severe joint damage was only statistically significant for the IgG isotype when working with the peptide bearing three PTMs. Furthermore, the median titers were significantly higher in patients with RA-ILD, a finding not observed for the IgG isotype when working with the single- and double-modified peptides.
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12
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Pulido J, García-Durán M, Fernández-Antonio R, Galán C, López L, Vela C, Venteo Á, Rueda P, Rivas LA. Receptor-binding domain-based immunoassays for serosurveillance differentiate efficiently between SARS-CoV2-exposed and non-exposed farmed mink. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 34:190-198. [PMID: 34852683 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211057859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, infection of farmed mink has become not only an economic issue but also a widespread public health concern. International agencies have advised the use of strict molecular and serosurveillance methods for monitoring the SARS-CoV2 status on mink farms. We developed 2 ELISAs and a duplex protein microarray immunoassay (MI), all in a double-recognition format (DR), to detect SARS-CoV2 antibodies specific to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein and to the full-length nucleoprotein (N) in mink sera. We collected 264 mink serum samples and 126 oropharyngeal samples from 5 Spanish mink farms. In both of the ELISAs and the MI, RBD performed better than N protein for serologic differentiation of mink from SARS-CoV2-positive and -negative farms. Therefore, RBD was the optimal antigenic target for serosurveillance of mink farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pulido
- Departments of R&D, Eurofins-Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Fernández-Antonio
- Department of Animal Health, Galician Mink Breeders Association (AGAVI), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Galán
- Molecular Diagnostics, Eurofins-Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Vela
- Departments of R&D, Eurofins-Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Venteo
- Departments of R&D, Eurofins-Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Rueda
- Departments of R&D, Eurofins-Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Rivas
- Departments of R&D, Eurofins-Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Günther A, Becker M, Göpfert J, Joos T, Schneiderhan-Marra N. Comparison of Bead-Based Fluorescence Versus Planar Electrochemiluminescence Multiplex Immunoassays for Measuring Cytokines in Human Plasma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572634. [PMID: 33101295 PMCID: PMC7546899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared two 96-well multiplex immunoassay platforms for analytical performance in assessing cytokine concentrations in standards, quality controls and human plasma samples (n = 62), and evaluated assay time requirements. Assays included a bead-based fluorescence MILLIPLEX® assay/Luminex fluorescence platform (LMX) and three kits from Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) in planar electrochemiluminescence format. The LMX kit evaluated 21 cytokines and the MSD kits evaluated 10 cytokines each, with 16 overlapping cytokines between platforms. Both assays provided good reproducibility in standard curves for all analytes. Interassay CVs of shared analytes showed average kit quality control CVs ranging 1.9–18.2% for LMX and 2.4–13.9% for MSD. The MSD platform had lower LLoQs than LMX for 14/16 shared cytokines. For IL-17, the LLoQ was lower with LMX than MSD, and the LLoQs for IL-6 were similar. Although MSD calibration curves indicated lower LLoQs for most of those analytes, many more cytokines in human plasma samples were not detected by MSD than by LMX. The ULoQs were higher in LMX versus MSD assays for 13/16 shared analytes, lower than MSD for IL-17, and equivalent between assays for IL-6 and MIP-1α. Bland-Altman plots indicated that MSD classified 13/16 shared analytes as concentrations lower than by LMX. Time and motion analysis indicated that total mean assay times were 20 h 28 m and 21 h 33 m for LMX and MSD, respectively, including an overnight (17 h) incubation. The MSD assays employed a manufacturer-approved overnight incubation instead of the standard 2-h incubation, which kit instructions suggest might increase detection sensitivity. Hands-on labor time averaged 1 h 37 m for LMX and 2 h 33 m for MSD. In summary, assay selection factors should include selection of specific markers of interest, time and cost considerations, and anticipated cytokine concentrations in prospective samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Günther
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Göpfert
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Joos
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Anisimova NS, Arbisser LB, Petrovski G, Petrichuk SV, Sobolev NP, Petrovski B, Borsenok SA, Komah YA, Malyugin BE. Effect of NSAIDs on Pupil Diameter and Expression of Aqueous Humor Cytokines in FLACS Versus Conventional Phacoemulsification. J Refract Surg 2018; 34:646-652. [DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20180814-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Cross-laboratory evaluation of multiplex bead assays including independent common reference standards for immunological monitoring of observational and interventional human studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201205. [PMID: 30180167 PMCID: PMC6122788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiplex assays are increasingly applied to analyze multicomponent signatures of human immune responses, including the dynamics of cytokine and chemokine production, in observational as well as interventional studies following treatment or vaccination. However, relatively limited information is available on the performance of the different available multiplex kits, and comparative evaluations addressing this important issue are lacking. Study design To fill this knowledge gap we performed a technical comparison of multiplex bead assays from 4 manufacturers, each represented by 3 different lots, and with the assays performed by 3 different laboratories. To cross compare kits directly, spiked samples, biological samples and a newly made reference standard were included in all assays. Analyses were performed on 324 standard curves to allow for evaluation of the quality of the standard curves and the subsequent interpretation of biological specimens. Results Manufacturer was the factor which contributed most to the observed variation whereas variation in lots, laboratory or type of detection reagent contributed minimally. Inclusion of a common reference standard allowed us to overcome observed differences in cytokine and chemokine levels between manufacturers. Conclusions We strongly recommend using multiplex assays from the same manufacturer within a single study and across studies that are likely to compare results in a quantitative manner. Incorporation of common reference standards, and application of the same analysis method in assays can overcome many analytical biases and thus could bridge comparison of independent immune profiling (e.g. vaccine immunogenicity) studies. With these recommendations taken into account, the multiplex bead assays performed as described here are useful tools in capturing complex human immune-signatures in observational and interventional studies.
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16
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Hendriks J, Stojanovic I, Schasfoort RBM, Saris DBF, Karperien M. Nanoparticle Enhancement Cascade for Sensitive Multiplex Measurements of Biomarkers in Complex Fluids with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6563-6571. [PMID: 29732889 PMCID: PMC5990928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
There is a large
unmet need for reliable biomarker measurement
systems for clinical application. Such systems should meet challenging
requirements for large scale use, including a large dynamic detection
range, multiplexing capacity, and both high specificity and sensitivity.
More importantly, these requirements need to apply to complex biological
samples, which require extensive quality control. In this paper, we
present the development of an enhancement detection cascade for surface
plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). The cascade applies an antibody
sandwich assay, followed by neutravidin and a gold nanoparticle enhancement
for quantitative biomarker measurements in small volumes of complex
fluids. We present a feasibility study both in simple buffers and
in spiked equine synovial fluid with four cytokines, IL-1β,
IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Our enhancement cascade leads
to an antibody dependent improvement in sensitivity up to 40 000
times, resulting in a limit of detection as low as 50 fg/mL and a
dynamic detection range of more than 7 logs. Additionally, measurements
at these low concentrations are highly reliable with intra- and interassay
CVs between 2% and 20%. We subsequently showed this assay is suitable
for multiplex measurements with good specificity and limited cross-reactivity.
Moreover, we demonstrated robust detection of IL-6 and IL-1β
in spiked undiluted equine synovial fluid with small variation compared
to buffer controls. In addition, the availability of real time measurements
provides extensive quality control opportunities, essential for clinical
applications. Therefore, we consider this method is suitable for broad
application in SPRi for multiplex biomarker detection in both research
and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendriks
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Stojanovic
- Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | - Richard B M Schasfoort
- Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | - Daniël B F Saris
- Department of Orthopedics , UMC Utrecht , Utrecht , 3584 CX , The Netherlands.,Department of Reconstructive Medicine, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , University of Twente , Enschede , 7522 NB , The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
Multiplex immunoassays are used for rapid profiling of biomarker proteins and small molecules in biological fluids. The advantages over single immunoassays include lower sample consumption, cost, and labor. This chapter details a protocol to develop a 5-plex assay for glucagon-like peptide 1, growth hormone, insulin, leptin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone on the Luminex® platform. The results of the analysis of insulin in normal control subjects are given due to the important role of this hormone in nutritional programming diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Vasquez MM, Hu C, Roe DJ, Halonen M, Guerra S. Measurement error correction in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model when validation data are available. Stat Methods Med Res 2017; 28:670-680. [PMID: 29166842 DOI: 10.1177/0962280217734241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of serum biomarkers by multiplex assays may be more variable as compared to single biomarker assays. Measurement error in these data may bias parameter estimates in regression analysis, which could mask true associations of serum biomarkers with an outcome. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) can be used for variable selection in these high-dimensional data. Furthermore, when the distribution of measurement error is assumed to be known or estimated with replication data, a simple measurement error correction method can be applied to the LASSO method. However, in practice the distribution of the measurement error is unknown and is expensive to estimate through replication both in monetary cost and need for greater amount of sample which is often limited in quantity. We adapt an existing bias correction approach by estimating the measurement error using validation data in which a subset of serum biomarkers are re-measured on a random subset of the study sample. We evaluate this method using simulated data and data from the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airway Obstructive Disease (TESAOD). We show that the bias in parameter estimation is reduced and variable selection is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Vasquez
- 1 Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,2 Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- 1 Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Denise J Roe
- 1 Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marilyn Halonen
- 2 Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stefano Guerra
- 2 Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,3 ISGlobal, CREAL, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Mohd Hanafiah K, Arifin N, Bustami Y, Noordin R, Garcia M, Anderson D. Development of Multiplexed Infectious Disease Lateral Flow Assays: Challenges and Opportunities. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:E51. [PMID: 28880218 PMCID: PMC5617951 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the mainstay of rapid point-of-care diagnostics, with the potential to enable early case management and transform the epidemiology of infectious disease. However, most LFAs only detect single biomarkers. Recognizing the complex nature of human disease, overlapping symptoms and states of co-infections, there is increasing demand for multiplexed systems that can detect multiple biomarkers simultaneously. Due to innate limitations in the design of traditional membrane-based LFAs, multiplexing is arguably limited to a small number of biomarkers. Here, we summarize the need for multiplexed LFA, key technical and operational challenges for multiplexing, inherent in the design and production of multiplexed LFAs, as well as emerging enabling technologies that may be able to address these challenges. We further identify important areas for research in efforts towards developing multiplexed LFAs for more impactful diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Norsyahida Arifin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Yazmin Bustami
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Mary Garcia
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - David Anderson
- Life Sciences, Macfarlane Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
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20
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Richter KR, Nasr AN, Mexas AM. Cytokine Concentrations Measured by Multiplex Assays in Canine Peripheral Blood Samples. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:53-67. [PMID: 28812527 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817725388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are known to play important roles in a wide range of pathologic conditions spanning all organ systems in every species studied. As our knowledge of the physiology of individual cytokines expands and our ability to measure multiple cytokines in smaller biological samples increases, we gain more insight into the significance and function of each cytokine and the importance of cytokine networks. Previous studies that reported measurements of cytokine concentrations from serum or plasma in dogs with infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, endocrine, and neoplastic diseases yield an appreciation for the complexity of cytokine control and potential applications for cytokine measurements in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of a variety of disease conditions. In this review, we highlight the benefits of multiplex cytokine analysis, summarize clinical and experimental reports that have used this technology in dogs, and discuss the strengths and limitations of data analysis for the interpretation of results in these studies. We describe how differences in technical acuity, data reporting tactics, statistical analysis, study population selection criteria, and cross-sectional experimental design methods may affect interpretation of results from this technology. We also suggest methods for analysis in future studies, such as reporting median fluorescence intensity values, analyzing the proportion of patients above population medians, and performing longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Richter
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Amirah N Nasr
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Angela M Mexas
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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21
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Parallelism experiments to evaluate matrix effects, selectivity and sensitivity in ligand-binding assay method development: pros and cons. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1107-1122. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parallelism is an essential experiment characterizing relative accuracy for a ligand-binding assay (LBA). By assessing the effects of dilution on the quantitation of endogenous analyte(s) in matrix, selectivity, matrix effects, minimum required dilution, endogenous levels of healthy and diseased populations and the LLOQ are assessed in a single experiment. This review compares and discusses all available approaches that can be used to assess key assay parameters for pharmacokinetic and biomarker LBAs, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. This review also summarizes a systematic approach that can apply to guide endogenous LBA method development and optimization with a suggested way to interpret parallelism data.
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22
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Halpin RE, Saunders RS, Thompson BJ, Rohde Newgent AS, Amorim J, Melillo GN, DeClue AE. Evaluation of a feline-specific multiplex, bead-based assay for detection of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other immunologically active proteins in serum and plasma samples from cats. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:495-504. [PMID: 27111017 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.5.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a feline-specific multiplex, bead-based assay system for detection of recombinant and native proteins in serum samples and in EDTA-treated and heparinized plasma samples. SAMPLE Serum samples and EDTA-treated and heparinized plasma samples from 30 sick cats and 9 healthy client-owned cats and heparinized whole blood samples from 5 healthy purpose-bred cats. PROCEDURES Ability of the assay system to detect 19 recombinant and native immunologically active proteins in plasma and serum samples from healthy and purpose-bred cats was evaluated via spike-and-recovery tests, assessments of inter- and intra-assay variation, linearity results, and leukocyte stimulation. Effects of various concentrations of heparin and serum matrix solution on percentages of analytes recovered were also evaluated. Analyte concentrations in samples from healthy and sick cats were measured and compared between groups. RESULTS Percentages of analytes recovered were unsatisfactory for most assays. Serum and heparinized plasma samples yielded better recovery results than did EDTA-treated plasma samples. Use of serum matrix solution did not improve results. Use of heparin concentrations greater than the recommended range affected the results. Linearity of results was difficult to assess because of the poor recovery. For the analytes that were recovered sufficiently for assessment, linearity appeared to be reasonable despite the limited detection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Poor percentages of analytes recovered and adverse effects of sample protein matrix limited the usefulness of the multiplex, bead-based assay system for measurement of immunologically active proteins in solutions with high protein content; however, recovery results were fairly linear, potentially allowing evaluation of feline plasma or serum samples with high analyte concentrations.
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23
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Dias JT, Lama L, Gantelius J, Andersson-Svahn H. Minimizing antibody cross-reactivity in multiplex detection of biomarkers in paper-based point-of-care assays. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8195-8201. [PMID: 27030365 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly multiplexed immunoassays could allow convenient screening of hundreds or thousands of protein biomarkers simultaneously in a clinical sample such as serum or plasma, potentially allowing improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical management of many conditions such as autoimmune disorders, infections, and several cancers. Currently, antibody microarray-based tests are limited in part due to cross reactivity from detection antibody reagents. Here we present a strategy that reduces the cross-reactivity between nanoparticle-bound reporter antibodies through the application of ultrasound energy. By this concept, it was possible to achieve a sensitivity 10(3)-fold (5 pg mL(-1)) lower than when no ultrasound was applied (50 ng mL(-1)) for the simultaneous detection of three different antigens. The detection limits and variability achieved with this technique rival those obtained with other types of multiplex sandwich assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Dias
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - L Lama
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - J Gantelius
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
| | - H Andersson-Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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24
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Poltavchenko AG, Zaitsev BN, Ersh AV, Korneev DV, Taranov OS, Filatov PV, Nechitaylo OV. The selection and optimization of the detection system for self-contained multiplexed dot-immunoassay. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 37:540-54. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1174134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Multiplex ELISA Using Oligonucleotide Tethered Antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1318:181-95. [PMID: 26160576 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2742-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex assays represent a new paradigm for diagnostics. The simultaneous measure of multiple analytes from a single sample is advantageous in creating disease-associated panels that enable more accurate prognosis or diagnosis of the disease state. Furthermore, multiplexing may reduce reagent consumption, sample requirements and labor thereby lowering the cost per test. Here we describe a novel multiplex immunoassay technology based upon creating microarrays in microtiter plates that are formed upon the self-assembly of oligonucleotide-antibody conjugates.
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26
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Tsai CT, Robinson P, Spencer C, Bertozzi CR. Ultrasensitive Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP). ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:139-147. [PMID: 27064772 PMCID: PMC4819452 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are widely used biomarkers for the diagnosis of many diseases. Assays based on solid-phase immobilization of antigens comprise the majority of clinical platforms for antibody detection, but can be undermined by antigen denaturation and epitope masking. These technological hurdles are especially troublesome in detecting antibodies that bind nonlinear or conformational epitopes, such as anti-insulin antibodies in type 1 diabetes patients and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies associated with thyroid cancers. Radioimmunoassay remains the gold standard for these challenging antibody biomarkers, but the limited multiplexability and reliance on hazardous radioactive reagents have prevented their use outside specialized testing facilities. Here we present an ultrasensitive solution-phase method for detecting antibodies, termed antibody detection by agglutination-PCR (ADAP). Antibodies bind to and agglutinate synthetic antigen-DNA conjugates, enabling ligation of the DNA strands and subsequent quantification by qPCR. ADAP detects zepto- to attomoles of antibodies in 2 μL of sample with a dynamic range spanning 5-6 orders of magnitude. Using ADAP, we detected anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies from human patient plasma with a 1000-fold increased sensitivity over an FDA-approved radioimmunoassay. Finally, we demonstrate the multiplexability of ADAP by simultaneously detecting multiple antibodies in one experiment. ADAP's combination of simplicity, sensitivity, broad dynamic range, multiplexability, and use of standard PCR protocols creates new opportunities for the discovery and detection of antibody biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-ting Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter
V. Robinson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carole
A. Spencer
- USC
Endocrine Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 91105, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Myeloid tissue factor does not modulate lung inflammation or permeability during experimental acute lung injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22249. [PMID: 26924425 PMCID: PMC4770302 DOI: 10.1038/srep22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a critical mediator of direct acute lung injury (ALI) with global TF deficiency resulting in increased airspace inflammation, alveolar-capillary permeability, and alveolar hemorrhage after intra-tracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the lung, TF is expressed diffusely on the lung epithelium and intensely on cells of the myeloid lineage. We recently reported that TF on the lung epithelium, but not on myeloid cells, was the major source of TF during intra-tracheal LPS-induced ALI. Because of a growing body of literature demonstrating important pathophysiologic differences between ALI caused by different etiologies, we hypothesized that TF on myeloid cells may have distinct contributions to airspace inflammation and permeability between direct and indirect causes of ALI. To test this, we compared mice lacking TF on myeloid cells (TF∆mye, LysM.Cre+/−TFflox/flox) to littermate controls during direct (bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-induced ALI, bleomycin-induced ALI) and indirect ALI (systemic LPS, cecal ligation and puncture). ALI was quantified by weight loss, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammatory cell number, cytokine concentration, protein concentration, and BAL procoagulant activity. There was no significant contribution of TF on myeloid cells in multiple models of experimental ALI, leading to the conclusion that TF in myeloid cells is not a major contributor to experimental ALI.
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Granger JH, Schlotter NE, Crawford AC, Porter MD. Prospects for point-of-care pathogen diagnostics using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3865-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00828j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in pathogen detection and discusses many of the challenges in moving this technology to the point-of-care (POC) arena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc D. Porter
- Nano Institute of Utah
- University of Utah
- Salt Lake City
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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29
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Jani D, Allinson J, Berisha F, Cowan KJ, Devanarayan V, Gleason C, Jeromin A, Keller S, Khan MU, Nowatzke B, Rhyne P, Stephen L. Recommendations for Use and Fit-for-Purpose Validation of Biomarker Multiplex Ligand Binding Assays in Drug Development. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 18:1-14. [PMID: 26377333 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex ligand binding assays (LBAs) are increasingly being used to support many stages of drug development. The complexity of multiplex assays creates many unique challenges in comparison to single-plexed assays leading to various adjustments for validation and potentially during sample analysis to accommodate all of the analytes being measured. This often requires a compromise in decision making with respect to choosing final assay conditions and acceptance criteria of some key assay parameters, depending on the intended use of the assay. The critical parameters that are impacted due to the added challenges associated with multiplexing include the minimum required dilution (MRD), quality control samples that span the range of all analytes being measured, quantitative ranges which can be compromised for certain targets, achieving parallelism for all analytes of interest, cross-talk across assays, freeze-thaw stability across analytes, among many others. Thus, these challenges also increase the complexity of validating the performance of the assay for its intended use. This paper describes the challenges encountered with multiplex LBAs, discusses the underlying causes, and provides solutions to help overcome these challenges. Finally, we provide recommendations on how to perform a fit-for-purpose-based validation, emphasizing issues that are unique to multiplex kit assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Jani
- Pfizer Inc., One Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts, 01810, USA.
| | - John Allinson
- LGC Ltd, Newmarket Road, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, CB7 5WW, UK
| | - Flora Berisha
- Kyowa-Kirin Pharmaceuticals, 212 Carnegie Center #101, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Kyra J Cowan
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | | | - Carol Gleason
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540, USA
| | - Andreas Jeromin
- Quanterix Corporation, 113 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, Massachusetts, 02421, USA
| | - Steve Keller
- Abbvie Inc., 1500 Seaport Blvd, Redwood City, California, 94063, USA
| | - Masood U Khan
- KCAS Bioanalytical and Biomarker Services, 12400 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Shawnee, Kansas, 66216, USA
| | - Bill Nowatzke
- Radix Biosolutions, 111 Cooperative Way #120, Georgetown, Texas, 78626, USA
| | - Paul Rhyne
- Quintiles Corporation, 1600 Terrell Mill Road Suite 100, Marietta, Georgia, 30067, USA
| | - Laurie Stephen
- Ampersand Biosciences, LLC, 3 Main St., Saranac Lake, New York, 12983, USA
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30
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Wang X, Dong L, Liang Y, Ni H, Tang J, Xu C, Zhou Y, Su Y, Wang J, Chen D, Mao C. Performance evaluation of FlowCytomix assays to quantify cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:16158-16166. [PMID: 26629129 PMCID: PMC4659018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the cytokine profile in RA patients and healthy control by using two methods-FlowCytomix assay and traditional ELISA. METHODS Cytokine levels were evaluated by FlowCytomix assay and ELISA in serum and supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures with and without stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). RESULTS The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly higher in sera of RA patients than those of healthy controls. The levels of IL-22, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were higher in unstimulated PBMC culture supernatant of RA patients than those of healthy controls. PHA stimulation significantly increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines from PBMC with RA patients. Compared with detectable cytokine levels in sera, cytokine concentration in the supernatant of PBMCs was remarkably higher. FlowCytomix and ELISA showed significant correlation in detecting cytokines. However, the FlowCytomix assay detected more cytokines than ELISA. CONCLUSION The supernatant of PBMCs provide a fine condition for the study of cytokine production because of the lack of interference factors in sera. The FlowCytomix assay is more sensitive than ELISA in detecting cytokines from RA patients. Multiple cytokine signatures using FlowCytomix assay may represent a more realistic approach in the future of personalized medicine in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated of Xuzhou Medical CollegeHuaian, P. R. China
| | - Hongchang Ni
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, P. R. China
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Marcelletti JF, Evans CL, Saxena M, Lopez AE. Calculations for Adjusting Endogenous Biomarker Levels During Analytical Recovery Assessments for Ligand-Binding Assay Bioanalytical Method Validation. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:939-47. [PMID: 25903932 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is often necessary to adjust for detectable endogenous biomarker levels in spiked validation samples (VS) and in selectivity determinations during bioanalytical method validation for ligand-binding assays (LBA) with a matrix like normal human serum (NHS). Described herein are case studies of biomarker analyses using multiplex LBA which highlight the challenges associated with such adjustments when calculating percent analytical recovery (%AR). The LBA test methods were the Meso Scale Discovery V-PLEX® proinflammatory and cytokine panels with NHS as test matrix. The NHS matrix blank exhibited varied endogenous content of the 20 individual cytokines before spiking, ranging from undetectable to readily quantifiable. Addition and subtraction methods for adjusting endogenous cytokine levels in %AR calculations are both used in the bioanalytical field. The two methods were compared in %AR calculations following spiking and analysis of VS for cytokines having detectable endogenous levels in NHS. Calculations for %AR obtained by subtracting quantifiable endogenous biomarker concentrations from the respective total analytical VS values yielded reproducible and credible conclusions. The addition method, in contrast, yielded %AR conclusions that were frequently unreliable and discordant with values obtained with the subtraction adjustment method. It is shown that subtraction of assay signal attributable to matrix is a feasible alternative when endogenous biomarkers levels are below the limit of quantitation, but above the limit of detection. These analyses confirm that the subtraction method is preferable over that using addition to adjust for detectable endogenous biomarker levels when calculating %AR for biomarker LBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Marcelletti
- Immunoanalytical Operations, Tandem Labs, Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, 13112 Evening Creek Drive South, San Diego, California, 92128, USA,
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Tighe PJ, Ryder RR, Todd I, Fairclough LC. ELISA in the multiplex era: potentials and pitfalls. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:406-22. [PMID: 25644123 PMCID: PMC6680274 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex immunoassays confer several advantages over widely adopted singleplex immunoassays including increased efficiency at a reduced expense, greater output per sample volume ratios and higher throughput predicating more resolute, detailed diagnostics and facilitating personalised medicine. Nonetheless, to date, relatively few protein multiplex immunoassays have been validated for in vitro diagnostics in clinical/point-of-care settings. This review article will outline the challenges, which must be ameliorated prior to the widespread integration of multiplex immunoassays in clinical settings: (i) biomarker validation; (ii) standardisation of immunoassay design and quality control (calibration and quantification); (iii) availability, stability, specificity and cross-reactivity of reagents; (iv) assay automation and the use of validated algorithms for transformation of raw data into diagnostic results. A compendium of multiplex immunoassays applicable to in vitro diagnostics and a summary of the diagnostic products currently available commercially are included, along with an analysis of the relative states of development for each format (namely planar slide based, suspension and planar/microtitre plate based) with respect to the aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Breen EJ, Polaskova V, Khan A. Bead-based multiplex immuno-assays for cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and other analytes: Median fluorescence intensities versus their derived absolute concentration values for statistical analysis. Cytokine 2015; 71:188-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Stenken JA, Poschenrieder AJ. Bioanalytical chemistry of cytokines--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:95-115. [PMID: 25467452 PMCID: PMC4717841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are bioactive proteins produced by many different cells of the immune system. Due to their role in different inflammatory disease states and maintaining homeostasis, there is enormous clinical interest in the quantitation of cytokines. The typical standard methods for quantitation of cytokines are immunoassay-based techniques including enzyme-linked immusorbent assays (ELISA) and bead-based immunoassays read by either standard or modified flow cytometers. A review of recent developments in analytical methods for measurements of cytokine proteins is provided. This review briefly covers cytokine biology and the analysis challenges associated with measurement of these biomarker proteins for understanding both health and disease. New techniques applied to immunoassay-based assays are presented along with the uses of aptamers, electrochemistry, mass spectrometry, optical resonator-based methods. Methods used for elucidating the release of cytokines from single cells as well as in vivo collection methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Stenken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Andreas J Poschenrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner-Street 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Hermann N, Dreßen K, Schildberg FA, Jakobs C, Holdenrieder S. Methodical and pre-analytical characteristics of a multiplex cancer biomarker immunoassay. World J Methodol 2014; 4:219-231. [PMID: 25541602 PMCID: PMC4274581 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v4.i4.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To test the methodical and pre-analytical performance of a new multiplex cancer biomarker panel using magnetic beads.
METHODS: The MILLIPLEX® MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 comprises the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, total prostate-specific antigen, cancer antigen 15-3, cancer antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 125, cytokeratine 19-fragment, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, human epididymis protein 4, osteopontin, prolactin, the cell death and angiogenesis markers soluble Fas, soluble Fas-ligand, tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor and the immunological markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor α, fibroblast growth factor-2, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, leptin, hepatocyte growth factor, and stem cell factor. We determined intra- and inter-assay imprecision as well as dilution linearity using quality controls and serum pools. Furthermore, the stability of the 24 biomarkers examined in this panel was ascertained by testing the influence of different storage temperatures and time span before centrifugation.
RESULTS: For all markers measured in the synthetic internal quality controls, the intra-assay imprecision ranged between 2.26% and 9.41%, while for 20 of 24 measured markers in the physiological serum pools, it ranged between 1.68% and 12.87%. The inter-assay imprecision ranged between 1.48%-17.12% for 23 biomarkers in synthetic, and between 4.59%-23.88% for 18 biomarkers in physiological quality controls. Here, single markers with very low concentration levels had increased imprecision rates. Dilution linearity was acceptable (70%-130% recovery) for 20 biomarkers. Regarding pre-analytical influencing factors, most markers were stable if blood centrifugation was delayed or if serum was stored for up to 24 h at 4 °C and 25 °C after centrifugation. Comparable results were obtained in serum and plasma for most markers. However, great changes were observed for single markers.
CONCLUSION: MILLIPLEX® MAP Human Circulating Cancer Biomarker Magnetic Bead Panel 1 assay is a stable and precise method for detection of most biomarkers included in the kit. However, single markers have to be interpreted with care.
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Huttunen K, Tiihonen K, Roponen M, Heederik D, Zock JP, Täubel M, Hyvärinen A, Hirvonen MR. The effect of assay type and sample matrix on detected cytokine concentrations in human blood serum and nasal lavage fluid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bastarache JA, Koyama T, Wickersham NE, Ware LB. Validation of a multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassay platform in human and mouse samples. J Immunol Methods 2014; 408:13-23. [PMID: 24768796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread use of multiplex immunoassays, there are very few scientific reports that test the accuracy and reliability of a platform prior to publication of experimental data. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the need for new assay platform validation prior to use of biologic samples from large studies in order to optimize sample handling and assay performance. METHODS In this study, our goal was to test the accuracy and reproducibility of an electrochemiluminescent multiplex immunoassay platform (Meso Scale Discovery, MSD®) and compare this platform to validated, singleplex immunoassays (R&D Systems®) using actual study subject (human plasma and mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and plasma) samples. RESULTS We found that the MSD platform performed well on intra- and inter-assay comparisons, spike and recovery and cross-platform comparisons. The mean intra-assay CV% and range for MSD were 3.49 (0.0-10.4) for IL-6 and 2.04 (0.1-7.9) for IL-8. The correlation between values for identical samples measured on both MSD and R&D was R=0.97 for both analytes. The mouse MSD assay had a broader range of CV% with means ranging from 9.5 to 28.5 depending on the analyte. The range of mean CV% was similar for single plex ELISAs at 4.3-23.7 depending on the analyte. Regardless of species or sample type, CV% was more variable at lower protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we validated a multiplex electrochemiluminescent assay system and found that it has superior test characteristics in human plasma compared to mouse BALF and plasma. Both human and MSD assays compared favorably to well-validated singleplex ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bastarache
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, T-1218 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, United States.
| | - T Koyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, T-1218 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, United States
| | - N E Wickersham
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, T-1218 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, United States
| | - L B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, T-1218 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, United States
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Biancotto A, Wank A, Perl S, Cook W, Olnes MJ, Dagur PK, Fuchs JC, Langweiler M, Wang E, McCoy JP. Baseline levels and temporal stability of 27 multiplexed serum cytokine concentrations in healthy subjects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76091. [PMID: 24348989 PMCID: PMC3861126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are humoral molecules that elicit regulatory function in immunologic pathways. The level and type of cytokine production has become critical in distinguishing physiologic from pathologic immune conditions. Cytokine profiling has become an important biomarker discovery tool in monitoring of the immune system. However, the variations in cytokine levels in individual subjects over time in healthy individuals have not been extensively studied. In this study, we use multiplex bead arrays to evaluate 27 analytes in paired serum samples taken seven days apart from 144 healthy individuals in order to assess variations over a short time period. METHODS Fluorescent bead-based immunoassay (Luminex) was used to measure 27 analytes in serum samples. Measurements were performed on matched samples from 144 healthy donors. To assess inter-plate variability, one arbitrarily selected serum sample was analyzed on each of the first ten plates as bridge sample. RESULTS Using the bridge sample, we showed minimal inter-plate variations in the measurement of most analytes. In measurement of cytokines from the 144 patients at two time points, we found that three cytokines (IL-2, IL-15 and GM-CSF) were undetectable and five analytes (RANTES, MCP-1, VEGF, MIP-1β and PDGF-BB) showed significant difference in concentrations at Day 0 compared to Day 7. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated higher variations in cytokine levels among individuals than were observed for samples obtained one week apart from identical donors. These data suggest that a serum sample from each subject for use as a baseline measurement is a better control for clinical trials rather than sera from a paired cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Biancotto
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Abigail Wank
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shira Perl
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wendell Cook
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Olnes
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pradeep K. Dagur
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. Christopher Fuchs
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marc Langweiler
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ena Wang
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. Philip McCoy
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Eckels J, Nathe C, Nelson EK, Shoemaker SG, Nostrand EV, Yates NL, Ashley VC, Harris LJ, Bollenbeck M, Fong Y, Tomaras GD, Piehler B. Quality control, analysis and secure sharing of Luminex® immunoassay data using the open source LabKey Server platform. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:145. [PMID: 23631706 PMCID: PMC3671158 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoassays that employ multiplexed bead arrays produce high information content per sample. Such assays are now frequently used to evaluate humoral responses in clinical trials. Integrated software is needed for the analysis, quality control, and secure sharing of the high volume of data produced by such multiplexed assays. Software that facilitates data exchange and provides flexibility to perform customized analyses (including multiple curve fits and visualizations of assay performance over time) could increase scientists' capacity to use these immunoassays to evaluate human clinical trials. RESULTS The HIV Vaccine Trials Network and the Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention collaborated with LabKey Software to enhance the open source LabKey Server platform to facilitate workflows for multiplexed bead assays. This system now supports the management, analysis, quality control, and secure sharing of data from multiplexed immunoassays that leverage Luminex xMAP® technology. These assays may be custom or kit-based. Newly added features enable labs to: (i) import run data from spreadsheets output by Bio-Plex Manager™ software; (ii) customize data processing, curve fits, and algorithms through scripts written in common languages, such as R; (iii) select script-defined calculation options through a graphical user interface; (iv) collect custom metadata for each titration, analyte, run and batch of runs; (v) calculate dose-response curves for titrations; (vi) interpolate unknown concentrations from curves for titrated standards; (vii) flag run data for exclusion from analysis; (viii) track quality control metrics across runs using Levey-Jennings plots; and (ix) automatically flag outliers based on expected values. Existing system features allow researchers to analyze, integrate, visualize, export and securely share their data, as well as to construct custom user interfaces and workflows. CONCLUSIONS Unlike other tools tailored for Luminex immunoassays, LabKey Server allows labs to customize their Luminex analyses using scripting while still presenting users with a single, graphical interface for processing and analyzing data. The LabKey Server system also stands out among Luminex tools for enabling smooth, secure transfer of data, quality control information, and analyses between collaborators. LabKey Server and its Luminex features are freely available as open source software at http://www.labkey.com under the Apache 2.0 license.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara G Shoemaker
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research & Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nicole L Yates
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vicki C Ashley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Linda J Harris
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research & Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Bollenbeck
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research & Prevention (SCHARP), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Youyi Fong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Pedchenko T, Mernaugh R, Parekh D, Li M, Massion PP. Early detection of NSCLC with scFv selected against IgM autoantibody. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60934. [PMID: 23585862 PMCID: PMC3621672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of patients with lung cancer could be significantly prolonged should the disease be diagnosed early. Growing evidence indicates that the immune response in the form of autoantibodies to developing cancer is present before clinical presentation. We used a phage-displayed antibody library to select for recombinant scFvs that specifically bind to lung cancer-associated IgM autoantibodies. We selected for scFv recombinant antibodies reactive with circulating IgM autoantibodies found in the serum of patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma but not matched controls. Discriminatory performance of 6 selected scFvs was validated in an independent set of serum from stage 1 adenocarcinoma and matching control groups using two independent novel methods developed for this application. The panel of 6 selected scFvs predicted cancer based on seroreactivity value with sensitivity of 0.8 and specificity of 0.87. Receiver Operative Characteristic curve (ROC) for combined 6 scFv has an AUC of 0.88 (95%CI, 0.76–1.0) as determined by fluorometric microvolume assay technology (FMAT) The ROC curve generated using a homogeneous bridging Mesa Scale Discovery (MSD) assay had an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.59–0.85). The panel of all 6 antibodies demonstrated better discriminative power than any single scFv alone. The scFv panel also demonstrated the association between a high score - based on seroreactivity - with poor survival. Selected scFvs were able to recognize lung cancer associated IgM autoantibodies in patient serum as early as 21 months before the clinical presentation of disease. The panel of antibodies discovered represents a potential unique non-invasive molecular tool to detect an immune response specific to lung adenocarcinoma at an early stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Pedchenko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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Granger JH, Granger MC, Firpo MA, Mulvihill SJ, Porter MD. Toward development of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based cancer diagnostic immunoassay panel. Analyst 2013; 138:410-6. [PMID: 23150876 PMCID: PMC3519366 DOI: 10.1039/c2an36128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analyses of readily obtained human fluids (e.g., serum, urine, and saliva) indicate that the diagnosis of complex diseases will be enhanced by the simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers from such samples. This paper describes the development of a nanoparticle-based multiplexed platform that has the potential for simultaneous read-out of large numbers of biomolecules. For this purpose, we have chosen pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) as a test bed for diagnosis and prognosis. PA is a devastating form of cancer in which an estimated 86% of diagnoses resulted in death in the United States in 2010. The high mortality rate is due, in part, to the asymptomatic development of the disease and the dearth of sensitive diagnostics available for early detection. One promising route lies in the development of a serum biomarker panel that can generate a signature unique to early stage PA. We describe the design and development of a proof-of-concept PA biomarker immunoassay array coupled with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a sensitive readout method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Granger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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